Post Archive

Region: Commonwealth of Liberty

History

[list]July 1962

[sub]Soldiers returns home to Saudi Arabia and receive awards and honors.[/sub][/list]

[sub]Celebrations across the streets in the Kingdom are all the eyes can see, with people cheering and praising Allah in their homes, in the mosques, and pretty much just anywhere. In the capital city of Riyadh, a grand military parade was held, with 5,000 troops, along with 50 tanks, and 20 planes in attendance. Finally, all the soldiers who made achievements for themselves are summon to the Al-Yamamah Palace where King Faisal bin Abdulaziz is to hand out the Great Badr Collar (the highest order and medal of honor in Saudi Arabia) to each soldier. These events mark the end of Saudi Arabia involvement in the foreign wars for now.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Nileia, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[July-1962]

The Althing Introduces New

Public Transport System For Iceland

Vísir Journal

As the modern age advances, Icelandic citizens are left in the dust, with many small villages remaining isolated. Despite the fact that Iceland has a public transportation system, it is grossly outdated as a result of previous Prime Minister Steinórsson's inept leadership. To address this, the Althing established funding for the Department of Public Transport to utilize in upgrading and expanding the public transportation system.

Outdated Public Transport

Other than Reykjavik and Kópavogur, the only two major cities with a greatly improved form of public transit implemented by the Steinórsson administration, many towns are left to their own devices or the relatively ancient and limited public transportation. Many locals point out the high cost of private transportation such as helicopters, river boats, and snowmobiles, as well as a lack of familiarity with dog-sledding, as reasons for not journeying outside of their secluded villages.

The Challenges Of Expanding

Despite the positive reaction to the Althing's decision to extend Iceland's public transit, this is easier said than done. Because many of Iceland's communities are isolated, there are very few people who use public transportation outside of major cities. Furthermore, because of the high cost of expanding, the Althing predicts that the funding granted to the Department of Public Transport may not be able to pay all of the necessary costs to maintain, new buses, new roads, and new bus stations in every town.

Combating The Cons

Despite the difficulties the Department of Public Transport is having in improving Iceland's public transportation system, Iceland has launched a campaign called Taktu straetó! (Take The Bus!) to persuade its inhabitants to avoid driving, use the money wasted on fuel on public transport to help costs, and instead use the new planned transit system. The D.P.T. has even begun to distribute free bicycles to communities that will not be served by the new public transportation system in order to encourage healthy living and reduce the usage of automobiles. In order to promote Icelandic culture, some communities have begun to offer dog sledding lessons to its residents.

The Money Problems

A difficulty comes closely behind a solution to Iceland's predicted low use of public transportation, money... The Department of Public Transportation agrees that the funds provided are insufficient to pay the full expenditures of new buses, maintenance, and new bus stops. Prime Minister Ingólfsson justified the tax hike, saying, "In order to cover the costs of this expensive project, the Icelandic government must introduce a tax hike that increases the possibility of finishing the public transportation system in order for our country to be further connected; if you wish to dwindle this tax, don't buy gas for your car, ride a bicycle, or use more public transportation that will be available in the near future.”

The Positives To More Transportation

With the concerns identified by the government hopefully resolved, the benefits clearly outweigh the minor drawbacks. Iceland's experts believe that the expenses of this project will be recovered in the next several years through raised taxes, reduced gasoline consumption, and payment for the usage of new buses. According to the Department of Public transportation, reducing the use of private vehicles will benefit Iceland's already low environmental impact. Also, because of the new networks' reach, small villages that are now connected to major cities have improved access to essential supplies.

The New Era Of Transit

Iceland is now more connected as a result of improved public transit infrastructure. The Althing's and Prime Minister Ingólfsson's decision has greatly improved public relations and national pride in the little island country. Even while some settlements stay connected, Iceland's Department of Public Transport's decision to pay for free bicycles to be supplied to rural villagers has aided. The launch of the "Taktu straetó!" campaign has also persuaded Icelanders to choose public transportation rather than use cars.

Overall this decision to improve Iceland's outdated Public Transit has greatly improved the country and its citizens.

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Paramountica, Arcanda, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Turkiye 1St, Ma-Li

COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

| The long-awaited 1962 Session of the Assembly of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance is about to kick off in Bucharest, capital of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Heads of states, economic ministers, and central planners from all across the Eastern Bloc have come to discuss and exchange ideas to strengthen the friendship of the international community of socialist countries. In attendance are all the member states of the CMEA, including:

[list]East Germany Ddr

Osivoii (USSR)

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Pontianus (Hungary)

The Siberian Confederacy (Poland)

Ranponian (SFRY)

Astarina (CSSR).[/list]

| The Assembly also welcomes the delegation of Greater Kurdistane to observe the proceedings on the Assembly floor and engage in special consultations behind closed doors. The Democratic Republic of Kurdistan has been an observer of the CMEA since the Council's founding in 1950. In the intervening years, Kurdistan has demonstrated admirable socialist resilience in the face of immense adversity. The Socialist and Communist Workers' Parties of the CMEA member countries express their united, unwavering support to the fraternal Revolutionary National Labor Front of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan. The Executive Committee of the Council extends its best wishes to Kurdistan and expresses its heartfelt desire to facilitate Kurdistan's full integration into the Socialist Community.

In accordance with the provisions of the CMEA Charter, the Secretariat of the Council has—in close consultation with the permanent representatives of the member countries—laid out an agenda* for the session:[list]1. Opening Speeches: GDR, Romania, Hungary, SFRY, CSSR, USSR

2. Report from the Executive Committee of the Council: Grigore Dinescu's Presentation

3. Adoption of the Agreement concerning Multilateral Settlements: Adopted

4. Adoption of the Principles of International Socialist Division of Labour: Adopted

[/list]

[sub]* The agenda will be regularly updated with hyperlinks as the council proceeds.[/sub]

[spoiler=The international press has been invited and given limited access to the Assembly floor]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Lieobria, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[list][sub]| Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the SED and Chairman of the State Council of the GDR, rises out of his seat at the conference table to deliver opening remarks. |[/sub][/list]

[sub]WALTER ULBRICHT:[/sub] "The German Democratic Republic strongly stands by its commitment to socialist development and integration. Put concretely, we support the empowerment of the institutions of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. I am overjoyed by the progress made in recent years and by being in the presence of today's company. Our unity demonstrates the strength of the socialist camp, and our decisions reflect the forward-looking orientation of the communist and socialist workers' parties. I am reminded of the words of Comrade Nikita Khrushchev at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Comrades, let us agree over the coming days and weeks, however long it may take, to chart the path to communism. Through our combined efforts, we will have realized a communist level of development by the turn of the century."

[...]

"And on the subject of the East-West trade talks, which have so preoccupied a number of us here today, I must confess that I have not paid close attention to these discussions. If the west has decided to trade with the socialist community of nations, it can only be for one of two reasons: either they see the inherent advantages of the socialist mode of production and seek to exploit the fruits of our labour, or they have devised a scheme to undermine socialist development. Whatever the case may be, in the long-run it matters very little. We will bury the west, this much I am convinced of!"

[list][sub]| Walter Ulbricht's words were met with modest applause. |[/sub][/list]

Paramountica, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, New Provenance, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[sub]Opening speech of his excellency, Comrade Constantin Rotaru, beloved and esteemed leader of The Socialist Republic of Romania[/sub]

[sub]7 August, ROMEXPO Trade Exhibition, Bucharest, Socialist Republic of Romania[/sub]

Distinguished Delegates, Honored Guests, Comrades and Friends.

I would like to begin by extending my sincere gratitude to each delegate, each representative, and each individual who has journeyed to Bucharest, "The Little Paris", to contribute to this momentous occasion.

As we convene under the banner of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, we are united by a common purpose—an unwavering commitment to strengthen the bonds of friendship and cooperation among the nations that form the tapestry of our shared destiny. The flame of the working class burns brightly within our hearts, reminding us that our struggles and aspirations are interconnected, and that the path to a brighter future is illuminated by the torch of unity.

In this historic moment, let us reaffirm our pledge to the principles that bind us—a commitment to enhancing the well-being of our citizens, to advancing the cause of socialism, and to nurturing an environment of trust and solidarity among our nations.

This Session is ever so important, as it will determine Kurdistan`s evolution with the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance, as well as the CMEA`s future collaborating with the European Community and the rest of the world, which The Socialist Republic of Romania, by the will of the people, strongly supports.

May this assembly be marked not only by deliberations and resolutions but by the spirit of unity that defines us as members of the CMEA family. Let us harness the power of our cooperation to shape a future that fulfills the hopes of generations past and lays a foundation of prosperity for generations to come.

"The people are the masters of their future and will forever be masters on it`s destiny and of the country`s riches!"

Thank you.

[sub]| Applauses and praises for The Genius of The Carpathians flood the room with an air of hope and joy |[/sub]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Keade, Mutual Economic Assistance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[spoiler=The international press has been invited and given limited access to the Assembly floor]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Opening speech of Comrade János Kádár, General Secretary and Premier of the Hungarian People's Republic.

"Comrade Secretaries and other leaders of the proletariat. I am very proud to participate in this meeting of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. This great council which, unlike organizations created by the capitalist forces of the West, aims solely and exclusively at improving the living conditions of our proletarian comrades and not at the unscrupulous profit of large corporations.

I hope that the discussions in this forum will be one more point of evolution in the history of global Socialism, demonstrating once again to the world the advances that exist when we place power in the true hands of the people. I close my speech by borrowing the words of our comrade Fidel Castro.

Long live the Revolution!"

Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Adriatican Islands, Keade, Mutual Economic Assistance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

A White Sunrise

China Once was ruled with a White Sun over its mountains and valleys, perhaps one day these sights will return? The Republic is not yet gone, and has no intention of withering away.

Long live Sacred China!

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1923182

Lieobria, Osivoii, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[list]SR ROMANIA | BUCHAREST, 1962[/list]

Opening speech of Comrade Marko Nikezić, Foreign Minister of the Confederation of Yugoslavia

"Fellow Ministers and Comrades, it is with great pride that i represent Yugoslavia at this most recent meeting of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance. A Council which our Country steadfastly supports and gives its unquestioned confidence in its ability to achieve a greater and better Europe. It is my hope that during these discussions we shall make great strides not just for the individual betterment of the worker, but the universal betterment of mankind, for which we all undoubtedly stand for.

I bring the personal regrets of Comrade Grand Marshal Tito that he could not attend this important occasion personally due to ill health, but i am assured that i am permitted in his absence to support all appropriate motions tabled by this Assembly. It is naturally of regret that certain Nations to the west of our bloc have refused to deal with us, while many of us have held open our palms in a gesture perhaps not of mutual ideological respect but of mutual interest in growth. To these Nations perhaps the Worker and the quality of life afforded to him are not of paramount importance, whereas in my final message which Comrade Grand Marshal Tito uttered himself this year in Sarajevo :

[sub]"The Nation begins and ends with the Worker, it is from he which our power is afforded, and from which the aggressors steal it" [/sub]

Astarina, Lieobria, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Tallahan, Mutual Economic Assistance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

Opening Speech of Václav David, Foreign Minister of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

"Comrades, brothers and sisters, I thank you for inviting us here, it is an honour to be representing Czechoslovakia in this beautiful city and to be with you. The rise of our nations in brotherly friendship since the horrors of the Second World War has been truly extraordinary, but I know that our greatest days are ahead. This Council shall surely assist in our continued growth, as we continue finding common ground and working hand-in-hand for the good of all.

We share the sentiment of our Yugoslav comrades in regretting the West's refusal of open trade - but I cannot say it has come as a shock to us. It is typical of Western hypocrisy - claiming to support the free market, while blocking out trade with us because our governments are not slaves to banks and corporations. Nevertheless, if the East must go alone, we can, and will - and we shall thrive all the same.

Again, thank you for having our delegation here, and we look forward to continue working for the betterment of humanity, and the advancement of socialism."

Lieobria, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Adriatican Islands, Mutual Economic Assistance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Spazianiland

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[sub]1962 Assembly Session: Part II — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

| Grigore Dinescu sat comfortably in the lounge of the ROMEXPO Trade Exhibition center, sipping his ceai and going over the final touches of his presentation. Educated in Moscow and trained in the economic section of the Romanian Communist Party, Dinescu represented his country in the CMEA Committee on Cooperation in Planning Activities. Because of his experience and Romanian background, Dinescu was selected to present the Executive Committee's report to the 1962 assembly session. This was, as it turned out, a thankless job. Above all, it was a rote exercise in memorizing the Nomenklatura's jargon. The report spent more time rehashing the speeches and decisions of the twentieth C.P.S.U. Party Congress than it did providing economic insights. The reason for this was that the CMEA's economists all worked in the Committees and Standing Commissions, while the decision-making Executive Committee and Secretariat were filled with apparatchiks who only knew how to pat themselves on the back.

| In the eyes of the Executive Committee, their report to the Assembly was supposed to recapitulate and, if necessary, clarify the party line. This year, they feared that the Eastern Bloc states had flown too close to the sun. The last round of East-West trade talks occurred between the EC and the Eastern Bloc states directly. Somehow, the CMEA bureaucracy was left out of the loop. Now it was time to retake control by gathering the CMEA member states and reminding them that they're Marxist-Leninist. Dinescu knew that in this moment he was a politician and not an economist. A polite tap on the shoulder raised him from his daze.

[spoiler="Comrade Dinescu, it is time for your presentation."]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1917992

Paramountica, Astarina, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, New Provenance, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

A Retrospective

Despacho Presidencial, Casa de Nariño, Bogotá

August 8, 1962

Once upon a time, Rómulo Betancourt had felt invincible. In the early days of his presidency, and even before it, he could stand before massive crowds and make speeches for hours on end. He called for social justice, an end to tyranny in Latin America, the rejuvenation of the nation Bolívar helped forge. And the people listened. In fact, his speeches had energized them and drawn them to the ballot box time and time again. Every four years, his party had won historical majorities. Turnouts of over 60% would see Betancourt and his party receive nearly 70% of the vote each and every time, beating the opposition by hundreds of thousands of votes.

But now, he was growing old and tired. Even at 54 years old, Betancourt had much less energy and he felt the toll it was having on his body. It became increasingly difficult to get out of bed in the morning and near constant chest aches and even pain plagued him. His doctors called for rest, but even when he wanted to, the responsibilities of the office kept him from any sort of rest. Not even the gilded halls and relics of the nation's history in the presidential mansion were sources of comfort for the aging President. They became constant reminders of his duty and his burden.

Becoming President of Colombia had become a final act of defiance for him. After being exiled by the military dictatorships that preceded him, he had returned triumphantly and become Colombia's first Presidential candidate for an election in decades. On that day, it felt like years of struggle by the Colombian people had finally born fruit. Through him, the people would see the change they had wanted for decades. He would be the one to lead the reforms to transform the nation into the bright beacon of hope and freedom of Latin America.

In many ways he had been successful. Land reform had eroded the power of wealthy landowners affiliated with the military despots while at the same time dislodging foreigners who had been allowed to take up acres upon acres of land at the expense of the Colombian people. The nationalization of Colombia's prized oil and the creation of the state-owned Ecopetrol, while costly, would guarantee funding for the state while diminishing foreign control and tax burden upon the people. And last but not least, Betancourt's reforms to the education system, the construction of hundreds of schools across the nation, particularly in and near rural areas had begun to ease decades of illiteracy especially in rural regions.

But even the best meaning reforms had its detractors. Conservatives condemned Betancourt's wide intervention in the economy and export-substitution growth model. Many of them had benefited from the free market policies of the military dictators while others simply believed that market forces would be the ones driving Colombia's growth in the near future. Those on the moderate left also criticized him, demanding more reforms to hasten an end to poverty while expanding protections for Colombian workers. And, those even farther to the left believed that Betancourt had not done enough to reform the country. That land reform, labor reform, and his industrial policy had not gone far enough.

However, Betancourt had always been able to either ignore or argue against his critics. His wide popularity had also helped him. Still, as he sat in his office, thinking and looking back on his life, his accomplishments and his failures, he felt like he had done enough. He was exhausted, and perhaps feeling older than he actually was. However, while it would be easy to simply not run in the next election, he knew that his absence would cause problems. Problems that could escalate into something that could place the nation at risk. Yet, even as chaos loomed, Betancourt couldn't help but wonder if he would be able to continue on. If this whole thing would end up killing him in the end.

Before he could make up his mind, the phone on his desk rang. Picking it up, he heard his Minister of the Interior on the other end. As he began to talk, Betancourt's expression slowly fell into a grimace. By the end, Betancourt had removed his glasses completely. The news he had was pretty much the last thing the President wanted to hear. But he listened regardless, staying silent so that he could pick up on every single detail.

Hanging up, Betancourt sat in silence for a moment. It seems God had different plans for him. He couldn't rest. Not yet. Colombia called to him in her time of aid and Betancourt was compelled to respond, whether he wanted to or not.

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][PRE]August 24th 1962[/pre][/list]

[list][list][list][list][pre]The Rise and Fall of a Visionary Leader: Spain's Legacy of Political Turmoil[/pre][/list][/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre] P L U S - U L T R A[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][I]Madrid Spainard

[sub][I]THE SPANISH KINGDOM OF SPAIN[/I][/sub][/list]

[list]|[sub] In the annals of Spanish political history, there exists a remarkable chapter that tells the tale of Francis Alvarez, whose reign promised to shape the nation's destiny. Often regarded as a visionary, this leader left an indelible mark on Spain, economically and politically transforming the country. However, his legacy is not unbridled success but rather a narrative of triumphs and turbulent times that ultimately led to his downfall.[/sub]

[list][list]A Visionary Leader Rises[/list][/list]

[sub]This unfolds with the ascent of a charismatic and dynamic leader whose vision for Spain extended far beyond the confines of his political career. Right from the beginning, it was abundantly clear that the shackles of conventional politics could not restrain his boundless ambitions and determination.[/sub]

[sub]Francis Alvarez, a person of rare charisma and unwavering resolve, possessed a grand vision for Spain that transcended the ordinary. He saw a nation where the Spanish Monarchy would not merely be a ceremonial relic of history but would instead reclaim its rightful place as the cornerstone of Spanish identity. This was not just a political mission; it was a calling, a destiny that he felt compelled to fulfill.[/sub]

[sub] His profound understanding that true leadership extended beyond politics set this leader apart. He recognized that he needed to do more than win elections and enact policies to restore the Spanish Monarchy's lost prestige. He needed to kindle a sense of pride and purpose among the Spanish people, reigniting their connection to a rich and storied history.[/sub]

[sub]With unwavering determination, he embarked on this mission, tirelessly crisscrossing the nation, from the bustling streets of Madrid to the quaint villages nestled in the Spanish countryside. His words resonated deeply with the people, for they sensed in him a leader who was not driven solely by personal ambition but by a genuine desire to see Spain restored to its former glory.[/sub]

[sub]As he traversed the length and breadth of the country, his speeches echoed promises of revitalizing Spanish identity. He spoke of a Spain where the monarchy would symbolize unity, tradition, and stability in an uncertain world. His vision was not one of mere nostalgia but of harnessing the enduring strength of Spain's history to propel it into a promising future.[/sub]

[list][list]Economic and Political Reforms[/list][/list]

[sub]One of the most significant hallmarks of his leadership was his commitment to economic and political reform. At the time, Spain faced many challenges, including economic stagnation, political corruption, and disillusionment among the populace. The paramount leader recognized that these issues needed to be addressed head-on to restore Spain's glory.[/sub]

[sub]Under his stewardship, the Spanish economy transformed remarkably. Through comprehensive economic reforms, he encouraged investment, streamlined bureaucracy, and created a conducive environment for thriving businesses. As a result, Spain's economy began to rival that of its prosperous European Community neighbors, making the nation a formidable player on the global stage.[/sub]

[list][list]The Unraveling[/list][/list]

[sub]However, the seemingly unassailable leader's once-sterling reputation began to tarnish as the years passed. Just as Spain had marveled at his meteoric rise, it now watched with growing concern as cracks appeared in the facade of his leadership. The challenges that had once been pushed to the shadows now emerged, casting doubts on the sustainability of his vision.[/sub]

[sub]The first signs of trouble emerged within his political party. While he had initially held unwavering support, dissenting voices gradually grew louder. Once unified behind his charismatic leadership, Party members now found themselves at odds over policy decisions and the country's direction. It was a bitter irony that the party he had revitalized now seemed to unravel under the weight of internal discord.[/sub]

[sub]With each passing day, discontent grew within his party and across the nation. Critics questioned the sustainability of his economic policies, calling for a more equitable distribution of wealth. Social unrest flared up in various corners of the country, with protesters demanding economic reform and a more responsive and accountable government.[/sub]

[sub]The once-adoring public, who had rallied behind his charismatic speeches, now voiced their concerns more loudly than ever. Once largely supportive, the media began to ask tough questions about the direction in which Spain was headed. Francis Alvarez, who had once seemed impervious to criticism, now found himself on the defensive, struggling to address the growing chorus of discontent.[/sub]

[list][list]The Legacy and Lessoned Learned[/list][/list]

[sub]Ultimately, Alvarez's legacy is one of mixed fortunes. He will be remembered for his extraordinary vision and transformative reforms that reinvigorated Spain's economy and revitalized the monarchy. However, his inability to navigate the stormy waters of domestic politics and address the concerns of the entire populace ultimately led to his downfall.[/sub]

[sub]This narrative is a stark reminder that even the most visionary leaders must contend with the complexities of domestic politics. The rise and fall of Francis Alvarez in Spanish politics illuminate the enduring truth that a legacy is shaped not only by grand accomplishments but also by the ability to navigate the ever-shifting tides of public sentiment and political discontentment.[/sub]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Teymour

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler][/list][/list]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][pre]August, 1962 | Legislative Affairs Offices, May Street, Juba, Equatoria Province, The Republic Of Sudan[/pre]

IDI AMIN AND GAAFAR NIMIERY, THE BEGINNING OF A TERRIBLE DESTINY (Pt. 2)[/list]

Months had passed since the shootout at Nimule, Nimiery’s supervisors were still questioning the series of events that somehow led to the death of the Ugandan man on the shores of the White Nile. On top of the overall suspicious situation, the involvement of a certain legislature at the Equatorial provincial government to the murder, as well as gun smuggling operations, had raised a number of alarms within the Security Intelligence and Response Agency as well as the executive government, which forced the Agency to reshift its national security operations to the South. This had actually promoted Agent Nimiery with the new task of investigating representative Joseph Oduho directly, moving Nimiery out of the dirt roads of Nimule, and to the much more developed and somewhat cleaner roads of the provincial capital of Juba. In addition to that, Nimiery was now made the lead on this operation, having been given 3 other SIRA Agents as well as more leeway to assist him in intelligence gathering and surveillance of Oduho’s dealings and work about.

As the summer arrived, Nimiery and a number of the SIRA agents backed by the Juba Police Force would enter the Legislative Affairs Office building on May Street, specifically raiding the office of Representative Joseph Oduho. Along with his personal house and other properties both at the capital and home town, much of his belongings would be confiscated and including government documents and financial bank statements, culminating on Oduho’s Imprisonments by early July. After another few weeks of a public investigation and court trials, Oduho would be convicted of Treason, weapons smuggling, extortion, gang affiliation, violation of the international border and national security, undermining the government, and conspiracy against the government due to his involvement with a militant faction of a separatist group operating within Sudan, Uganda, and potentially Kenya.

The sentencing of Joseph Oduho, and branding as a traitor to Sudan, had sent waves of shock throughout the country. While it has created a popular image of agent Nimeiry, setting him up to appear as defender of the Nation’s integrity, the question of loyalty amongst the Sudanese ruling class had now entered the public mindset, causing it to be the runner up focus topic of the upcoming elections. This incident, though appearing insignificant to the overall crisis and events that had molded the Sudanese Republic, would actually begin to influence the very identity of the Sudanese people. The existence of civil servants showing disloyalty to the very Republic that empowers them, had sown seeds of doubt towards the legitimacy of what it meant to be Sudanese, and what that identity meant to the nation, and over all created mistrust against civil servants who seemed disloyal or unwilling to help the very nation they have been born to either by God, or by the law of the land.

Perhaps it is this event that would launch men like Gaafar Nimiery into the national spotlight, into the eyes of a community of the ruling elite, that only seeks to preserve the security of the nation by all means necessary, and against all enemies externally and internally. It is anticipated that the trial of Joseph Oduho would only be the beginning of a national crusade against disloyalty, some sort of Sudanese McCarthyism against separatism, tribalism, and Confluence Nationlists ideology that threatens border security.

[list][pre]August, 1962 | Separatist Encampment 15 Miles West of Obongi, Obongi Township, Northern Province, British Uganda[/pre][/list]

On the other side of the border, as Nimiery’s career had been launched into a new political aspect, Idi Amin of Uganda would also begin the journey that would define his life’s service. In a sudden twist of loyalty to the colonial government, Idi Amin had chosen not to take the shipments of weapons directly into the hands of the colonial authority. The shipments would find themselves in a rebel encampment that had stayed nestled and hidden within the bushes of western Uganda, close to the town of Obongi, sitting on the White Nile shore. Idi Amin had taken the weapons directly to a militia loyal to Independence Activist Milton Obote. In addition to the weapon supply, Amin was beginning to entrench himself as a certified military strategist and trainer to the militias over the last couple months. Though of course, facing pushback and mistrust from Obote’s inner circle, the young politician and rebel leader had taken interest in the tactician, believing his relations with the colonial government would be valuable to the independence effort.

However, by the near end of the summer in August, Uganda’s independence would be confirmed soon for October. Though Uganda is meant to maintain the British monarchy over the country as the Dominion of Uganda, its desire for a home rule government would soon be realized. Soon Milton Obote would find himself in the position of power he had so desired over Uganda. And by him, he had considered Idi Amin to become part of the very cabinet he will eventually establish as the head of the executive over Uganda.

[list]AL-NASRU LENA!

AL-NASRU LE SUDAN![/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Teymour

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Rutannia, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

The beginning of something good and evil

January 1962 | Vientiane,Laos

(The new president of Laos Kevin Selemon was about to give his first speech as president)

ks: Before I begin, thank you for voting me as your new president. As we enter the new decade with open arms I will personally make sure we will be at the forefront of technology I have plans to make and change this country for the better.

(After Kevin's speech he went back to his office looked at some files and talked to his friend Kingston Reynolds)

ks: So was the ex-president killed

kr: Yes president

ks: And did anyone see you

kr: no president

ks: OK good operation World begins

Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Adriatican Islands

E U R O P E A N -------- C O M M U N N I T Y

3 September 1962, Dakar

Official Letter

To the Distinguished Diplomatic Delegations of the Participating States,

Subject: Convention of Dakar - Establishing Economic Partnership with African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP 1)

We extend our warm greetings and trust this letter finds you in good health and spirits. We are pleased to introduce to you the "Convention of Dakar," a groundbreaking initiative that holds the promise of fostering robust economic collaboration and enhancing shared prosperity among the involved nations.

The Convention is an agreement of paramount importance, solidifying the partnership between the European Community and a distinguished group of nations, including Mali Federation, Dahomey, Tunisia, Ivory Coast, Niger, Zaire, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central Congo, Chad, Sudan, Mauritania, Azwad, Togo, Ghana, Senegal, Central African Republic, Madagascar, South African Federation, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and the Philippines.

Explanation of the ACP Convention

Unlike a conventional reduction of tariffs, the Convention of Dakar is a thoughtful and nuanced instrument that recognizes the distinct needs of developing nations. It is not a one-size-fits-all solutionbut rather a carefully adapted framework, meticulously tailored to cater to the specific requirements and aspirations of each participating country.

What sets this Convention apart is its adaptability. With articles that accommodate market disruptions, economic challenges, and unforeseen factors, it stands as a flexible tool for progress.

Decisive to its impact is a comprehensive financial cooperation plan. Unlike typical loans, this plan encompasses substantial grants and carefully crafted loans that are flexible and subject to further discussions.

Importantly, this financial cooperation plan isn't unilateral. It will be shaped in collaboration with economic experts from all participating ACP countries, ensuring a collective approach.

Finally, the ACP 1 agreement isn't just a single endeavor; it's a stepping stone as it lays the groundwork for a structured trade agreement, heralding an era of unprecedented economic collaboration.

Content of the ACP Convention

[list]The key extracts from the Convention emphasize the following aspects:

Title 1 - Trade : The Convention is rooted in the shared objective of promoting increased trade, fortifying economic relations, and bolstering the economic independence of the partner states. This, in turn, contributes to the development of international trade and the advancement of all participating economies.

Title 2 - Financial and Technical Co-operation : A substantial aggregate amount of 730 million units of account is earmarked for financial and technical co-operation. This provision is a testament to our commitment to fueling development, facilitating growth, and fostering stability through collaborative efforts.

Title 3 - Right of Establishment, Services, and Capital : Ensuring equal footing for nationals and companies of every member state regarding the right of establishment and provision of services is a cornerstone of the Convention. This commitment reinforces our dedication to equitable opportunities and shared progress.[/list]

We acknowledge that the road to the conclusion of this Convention is complex, encompassing diverse economic realities among the participating nations. We are fully committed to navigating these intricacies with meticulous attention, ensuring that our collective efforts lead to a robust, comprehensive agreement that stands as a testament to our shared vision for prosperity.

It is with utmost anticipation and respect that we present the "Convention of Dakar." As esteemed diplomats representing nations with diverse backgrounds and aspirations, your participation and input in shaping this Convention are invaluable. We look forward to your insights, suggestions, and constructive contributions as we collectively work towards creating an agreement that holds the potential to redefine economic cooperation and elevate our regions.

Diplomatically yours,

Walter Hallstein, Commissionner for Economic Affairs

[spoiler=Convention of Dakar]

///////PROPOSAL////////

CONVENTION OF DAKAR ESTABLISHING AN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP WITH CERTAIN AFRICAN, CARAIBEAN AND PACIFIC COUNTRIES (ACP 1)

An agreement between

The European Community,

and

Mali Federation, Dahomey, Tunisia, Ivory Coast, Niger, Zaire, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central Congo, Chad, Sudan, Mauritania, Azwad, Togo, Ghana, Senegal, Central African Republic, Madagascar, and South African Federation, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Phillipines

[EXTRACTS]

TITLE 1 - TRADE

Article 1.

With a view to promoting an increase of trade between the Associated States and the Member States, strengthening their economic relations and the economic independence of the Partner States and thereby contributing to the development of international trade, the High Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following provisions which shall regulate their mutual trade relations.

Chapter 1.

Customs Duties and Quantitative Restrictions

Article 2.

Goods originating in ACP States shall, when imported into Member States, benefit from the progressive reduction and future abolition of customs duties and charges having an effect equivalent to such duties.

At the same time Member States shall apply the common customs tariff duties of the Community to imports of these goods from third countries.

Article 3.

Each ACP State shall accord identical tariff treatment to goods originating in any of the Member States ; ACP States not applying this rule on the entry into force of this Convention shall do so within the following six months.

Article 6.

ACP States shall, not later than four years after the entry into force of the Convention, abolish all quantitative restrictions on imports of goods originating in Member States and all measures having equivalent effect.

ACP States shall refrain from introducing any new quantitative restrictions or measures having equivalent effect on imports of goods originating in Member States.

SAFETY CLAUSE

Should the measures provided for in Article 3 prove insufficient to meet their development needs and their industrialization requirements, or in the event of difficulties in their balance of payments, or, where agricultural products are concerned, in connection with the requirements arising from existing regional] market organizations, Associated States may, (…) retain or introduce quantitative restrictions on imports of goods originating in Member States.

TITLE 2 - FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION

Article 16.

For the purposes set out in Article 15, and fur the duration of this Convention, an aggregate amount of 730 million units of account shall be provided as follows :

a) 669 million units of account by the Member States; this amount. to be paid into the European Development Fund, hereinafter referred to as « the Fund », shall be employed up to 629 million units of account in the form of grants and the balance in the form of loans on special terms;

b) up to 64 million units of account by the European Investment Bank. hereinafter referred to as « the Bank », in the form of loans: granted by it under the terms set out in Protocol No. 5 concerning the administration of the financial aids, annexed to this Convention.

Article 19.

The Bank loans referred to in Article 16 b) may carry a rebate on the interest. The rate of such rebates may be up to 3% on loans of a maximum duration of 25 years.

The amounts required to pay such rebates shall, so long as the Fund exists, be charged to the amount of the grants provided for in Article 16 a).

[...]

TITLE 3. RIGHT OF ESTABLISHEMENT, SERVICES AND CAPITAL

Article 29.

Without prejudice to measures adopted in implementation of the Treaty, in each Associated State nationals and companies of every Member State shall be placed on an equal footing as regards the right of establishment and provision of services, progressively and not later than three years after the entry into force of this Convention.

[/spoiler]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Rutannia, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, New Gough Island, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Operation Do-Aklin

September 3-5, 1962

Background

With the rise of left-wing forces in Nigeria, the Malian government began to fear the spread of these ideas not only into its own nation but to former French colonies, whom Mali maintained a close political, economic, and cultural connection with. In Benin, the instability following the military coup saw the rise of the National League of Patriotic Youth; also known as the Ligueurs. This youth political movement was deeply influenced by and espoused Marxist-Leninist doctrine, and revolutionary attempts to convince the military government to adopt their beliefs.

The swaying of an increasing number of military men and students to this cause, deeply worried the Malian government would have been watching the unfolding situation.

Finally, the Malian government decided to act; contracting the help of Bob Denard, a French soldier turned mercenary leader who had recently served in Algeria and then Equatoria. Prime Minister Senghor would also achieve the subtle support of the United States of America and France who both saw the growth of Marxist-Leninism in Africa as a threat to Western interests.

Denard and his mercenary company would be supported by a combination of Dahomey exiles, and Malian soldiers, mostly veterans from the Second World War who were eager for an adventure and pay.

The Coup

The Coup began on the morning of September 3rd, 1962. 1 Cargo vessel carrying 150 people would land in Cotonou. While not the de jure capital of Dahomey, it was the largest port, and most of the government was located there.

The mercenaries under Denard would move to secure the local police station and armory. Meanwhile, it was decided for public appearances the Malian soldiers and Dahomey exiles would take over the temporary government residence in order to give legitimacy and the idea of Africans for the Africans.

The capture of the police department resulted in the deaths of 2 police officers who refused to turn over their weapons to the soldiers, likely tacit supporters of the Ligueurs.

The Malian soldiers and exiled Dahomeyians attempting to take the government’s residence would be much more bloody. Gunfire erupted as the guard refused to surrender the military leaders to the invaders.

After an intense hour-long gunfight, Colonel Alphonse Alley, and 13 of his men lay dead, the temporary residence was riddled with bullets, and it's estimated that 2 civilians were killed in the brutal back and forth. Premier Nicephore Soglo was quickly captured.

In a surprising act of betrayal, Lt. Mathieu Kerekou decides against aiding the government of Dahomey, leaving Contonou open to the coup. During the coup, he declared his support for the coup and commanded the military to stand down across Dahomey.

On the same day, after a meeting between Kerekou, Denard, and representatives of the Malian government, Mathieu Kerekou was declared the new President of Dahomey, and a large contingent of Malian soldiers would move to secure important areas around Dahomey and prevent a Ligueur counter-coup.

Rutannia, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, New Gough Island, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan

[list]1962년 9월 6일

[sub]The Communes of the Far North[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]Villages in the north pool their resources[/sub][/list]

[sub]SAMJIYON, Rutannia — MORNING[/sub]

| On the outskirts of Samjiyon, in Korea’s far north, a land that is still isolated from much of modern Korea forming in the south and middlelands, villages have been making a living through communes. These isolated villages have struggled to keep their heads above water throughout much of Korea’s history with much of Korea’s economy flowing through the Han or the Taedong rivers’. These village communes operated mostly on two different models; some had collectively combined their lands together to service local needs selling the excess off through a village trading company to nearby villages and towns, others kept their lands separate but pooled their marketable goods together to assure quality working more as a co-operative. |

| During the founding years of the DPRK these commune setups enjoyed a great boost as the central government began the process of redistributing the land amongst the peasantry of the country, many receiving the lands of their former overlords, or for the few that did own land their holding sizes almost doubled. Many of these communes thrived under the communist government in the north as efforts were made to lift the people out of poverty, however that golden era was short lived. Following the outbreak of the Korean War, many of these funds were redirected to help with the war effort, and as the tide of the war turned against the north, many of these communes were broken up by occupying South Korean troops, most of those that exist today are located in what is now referred to as the ‘far north’ an area still difficult to reach even today. When the war ended and the country was unified under the authoritarian government of Syngman Rhee the communes carried on without the support of the central government, Rhee made several attempts to break-up the communes viewing them as operating outside of the Korean Government, and private transcripts leaked following his regimes collapsed list him as describing them as a ‘fifth column’. Most of these attempts failed due rampant corruption on the part of Rhee’s own government. |

| As the new decade turned over, many of the communes continued to flourish using the collective profits to improve their villages be it with improved infrastructure or electricity connections, many villages pooling together to build schools improving the education of the new generation. When the April Revolution saw the end of Syngman Rhee and his regime these communes received guaranteed protections from the new Park government elected in its aftermath, many within his own government had called for these communes to be broken up. Park and his finance minister Chang knew this would be far too costly, and working with the communes would heal rifts and benefit the far north in the long run, believing it to go hand in hand with their five year plans. Although the National-Democrat Government is under no illusion that it has much of chance of winning over these communes as voters, they believe it best to not sour relations either. |

| Many of the villages that operate in these communes have fierce loyalties to the Workers Party of Korea still to this day, with many a house displaying the image of Kim Il-sung in their windows all year around. Voter data has also shown that some villages have recorded a 100% vote for the Workers Party. These communes have provided a perfect retreat for many communist party members and a perfect voter base for the central party to stress test new policies on before taking it to the wider public in order to protect their base. |

| To most these villages and communes are almost mythical in stature and not just because they exist solely in the far north of the country, but because they to many represent a time gone by and not just the old north-south split but a time from before Japanese occupation and at a stretch a time before the Joseon dynasty that formed in 1392. They are a way of life not just ogled at by tourists from abroad, but many in Korea itself. They paint a perfect backdrop to any romantic novel to those that romanticise poverty and forbidden love, and have become the recent obsession of authors attempting to break onto the literary scene. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

The Colombian Terror

National Police Departmental Office

Ibarra, Colombia

August 8, 1962

In the northern reaches of the historical region of Quito lies a town just a few miles up the road from the larger city of the same name. The town of Ibarra was founded in 1608 by Miguel de Ibarra of the Real Audiencia of Quito. Nearly destroyed by an earthquake in 1868, it was resettled in 1872 and has since then grown to become a quiet spot for both residents and tourists alike. The high altitude, coupled with its historic architecture and famous central market and frozen treats drew many to the historic town. Despite its status as a 'sleepy town', it also served as the capital of the Department of Imbabura, making it the home of various government administrative offices, bureaucrats, the main headquarters of the Colombian National Police in the Department and it even housed a military outpost just on the outskirts of town.

During the early hours of the morning, the town awoke to the usual sights of the misty heights of Mount Imbabura giving way to the first rays of the sun. Local merchants gathered in the square to set up their stalls and peddle their wares which ranged from handmade souvenirs to fresh food. It didn't take long for customers to arrive. A small crowd gathered to see what was on sale, many of whom had driven or taken the bus down from Quito to make their purchases. Many of them had hardly noticed the men arriving in motorcycles from the northern side of town. After all, motorbikes were often the preferred mode of transportation among the locals, and even those coming from the big city in Quito.

One of the motorcycles, carrying a driver and a passenger passed just right in front of the headquarters of the National Police. A trio of officers standing in front were drinking their morning coffee and watching the crowds of the market just across the street. When the young men in the motorcycles passed by, they merely waved at them as they did with most of the locals who drove past. As they resumed their conversation, an explosion interrupted them, killing the trio instantly. Inside, the explosion had been large enough to kill and maim whoever was inside at the reception area, not discriminating between civilian or officer.

The explosion rocked the tranquility of the market, which soon descended into chaos as people screamed and ran for safety. The chaos had been initiated by a secondary explosion just a block away, this time at the front of the local police station. That explosion followed several more, each of them targeting the reception areas of government offices. The final building to be bombed was just across from the square. The Ayuntamiento which housed the office of the mayor and his staff had its front façade shot at and peppered with grenades, damaging the two-century old building. The attack also claimed the lives of the town's mayor, who had been caught by a grenade as he emerged from his office in an attempt to see what horror had befallen his people.

In the aftermath, 20 people laid dead and many more wounded. Most of the victims were police officers, clerks, bureaucrats and the mayor. Many of them had been killed instantly by grenades, while others had died slowly after being maimed by shrapnel. By the time anyone from the military outpost outside town were able to get there, the perpetrators were gone, having sped away in their motorbikes. Now, all the National Police, the military and first responders could do was pick through the wreckage and help whomever they could. Only an hour later, firefighters arrived on the scene after the National Police headquarters caught fire. Flames spread to many of the colonial-era buildings just nearby, causing an even bigger disaster that ended up making national headlines.

El Espectador, Colombia's oldest and most prominent newspaper of record, placed the attacks on its front page the next day: "Terror arropa pueblo de Ibarra". The headline contained an image of the carnage, a photo showing the town's pristine Spanish buildings burning in flames. The photograph widely circulated across the country, drawing both outrage, fear and calls for the government to act.

Back in Bogotá, action was the topic of the day. President Rómulo Betancourt had spent all morning on the phone, with his advisors and aides attempting to figure out what had happened and who was behind this. Betancourt had put all hands on deck for this one. No stone would be left unturned and every suspect would be thoroughly investigated. The chief of the National Police, Mayor General Saulo Gil Ramírez Sendoya was summoned to the presidential palace where he was given a free hand to search for and find whoever had been behind this. Admiral Wolfgang Larrazábal, the head of the General Staff of the armed forces had also come on his own accord, offering the military's support. While Betancourt was certain that this attack had been at the hands of a criminal organization or insurgency, he wanted to allow the National Police to head the investigation first. It would give it legitimacy in the face of the people, while diminishing the government's reliance on the armed forces.

A nationwide manhunt soon began, with the National Police searching the nation for any possible suspects. However, it didn't take long for the police to find the perpetrators. A day after the attacks, a group called themselves the 'Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia' or FARC had claimed responsibility. Calling themselves the 'last defenders of the working class and peasants', the organization styled itself as Marxist-Leninist revolutionaries whose sole aim was the overthrow of what they claimed was a dictatorship in all but name. The announcement drew the ire of the people, while also rallying support among leftists in Colombia who saw an opportunity to finally seize power after their failed attempts in 1936.

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Maziya, Ma-Li

[sub]✭ REPUBLIQUE DU DAHOMEY ✭[/sub]

[sup]1962[/sup]

-------------------------

[pre]LE CAMÉLÉON[/pre]

[list][list][sub]| The rise of the Ligueurs represented a very specific threat. It was a fully grassroots, non military, well funded, and radical political party. In short it was everything that the military leaders in Cotonou saw as a direct threat to their rule. Only very few of the Dahomean military were radical and most looked up to anti-Communist leaders, the idea of cracking down on the Ligueurs had been the main topic of discussion for several month. However it was Lieutenant Kerekou that saw the fastest chance for power. Contacting Malian and American leaders, the latter who he finally had access to following their involvement in the economy, he devised a plan to eliminate the competition and ensure his rise to power. | [/sub]

[sub]| The immediate aftermath of the coup has of course been one of attempting to legitimize the coup. Forged papers "proving" foreign funding sources towards the Ligueurs were released, a 'consultation' session was held with Dahomey's political elite to gain support, and a unity government was quickly established. To this end, Lt. Kerekou had quickly sought the help of Émile Derlin Zinsou, part of the political elite and appointed him as Chairman of the Unity Government, or Premier. | [/sub]

[sub]| Zinsou's cabinet is a mix of technocrats and representatives of the elite families of Dahomey who hold major economic power and were opposed by the previous left leaning government. This new government has announced that it will continue to preside over sessions of the constitutional committee which was established earlier this year, and that it will not radically alter any previous policies. Interestingly, the Contractual Review Committee which was in charge of annulling 'unbalanced' deals with foreign nations has been disbanded. | [/sub]

[sub]| Lt. Kerekou for his part has not been quiet in this new government, taking a direct leading role in the running of government, much to the dislike of Zinsou. The question surrounding the other political elite of Dahomey, namely those of Hubert Maga and Sourou-Migan Apithy who were ousted in the original 1960 coup, with rumors suggesting a possible power sharing agreement to be negotiated with the new government to facilitate their return. Kerekou despite his previous leftist rhetoric seems to have shifted entirely to a new rhetoric emphasizing 'democratic development' and 'economic freedoms' for Dahomey, which has earned him the nickname 'Le Caméléon' in the Dahomean press owing to his almost instinctual ability to change views at will. | [/sub]

[sub]| Kerekou, who is one of the youngest leaders in the world if not the youngest, has wide reaching ambitions and its unlikely that it will die down. With the future of the country in his hands, the next steps will be crucial. | [/sub]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Gough Island, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Tallahan, Ma-Li

September 10, 1962

[sub]Newauroria — Afternoon[/sub]

v

|

Headline: Royal Canadian Air Force Welcomes Canadair C-2 "Bison" - A New Era in Airborne Cargo Transport

Byline: September 10, 1962, Toronto

Introduction: In a historic moment for Canada's aviation capabilities, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) officially inaugurated the Canadair C-2 "Bison" into its fleet. This remarkable cargo aircraft, developed by Apex Systems, marks a significant milestone in Canada's airborne transportation capabilities. With its cutting-edge features and impressive specifications, the C-2 "Bison" is set to revolutionize the way Canada handles logistics and cargo transport.

A Triumph of Innovation: The Canadair C-2 "Bison" stands as a testament to Canadian engineering and innovation. The culmination of years of development by Apex Systems, the aircraft showcases the nation's commitment to pushing the boundaries of aeronautical technology. With its sleek design and state-of-the-art features, the "Bison" represents a new era in airborne cargo transport.

Unveiling the Specifications: The C-2 "Bison" is a cargo aircraft that boasts impressive specifications, making it a powerful addition to the Royal Canadian Air Force's fleet. With a length of 50.29 meters and a wingspan of 48.46 meters, the "Bison" commands a significant presence in the skies. Its height of 17.6 meters emphasizes its robust and capable design.

The aircraft is powered by four Orion-Helios-M1 engines, enabling it to achieve a maximum speed of 917 km/h and a cruising speed of 563 km/h. With a service ceiling of 13,716 meters, the "Bison" is equipped to operate efficiently in various conditions, allowing it to carry out a wide range of missions.

Enhanced Capabilities: One of the standout features of the Canadair C-2 "Bison" is its advanced radar system, designed for all-weather and terrain navigation. This cutting-edge radar technology ensures that the aircraft can operate effectively even in challenging environmental conditions, further enhancing Canada's ability to conduct operations across diverse landscapes.

Defensive Systems for Protection: The C-2 "Bison" is not just a cargo workhorse; it is also equipped with advanced defensive systems. These include the deployment of flares and chaff for countermeasures against threats. While lacking specific radar warning receivers (RWR), counter-countermeasures (RCCM), and infrared warning receivers (IRWR), the aircraft is fortified to provide essential protection during its missions.

A New Era of Air Transport: With the introduction of the Canadair C-2 "Bison" into the Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada is poised to elevate its airborne transport capabilities. The aircraft's impressive capacity to accommodate 105 passengers in its standard configuration, alongside its exceptional cargo capabilities, promises to enhance the RCAF's capacity for rapid deployment and logistical support.

Conclusion: The inauguration of the Canadair C-2 "Bison" marks a significant stride forward for Canada's aviation capabilities. With its innovative design, advanced radar systems, and robust defensive features, the "Bison" promises to transform the way Canada approaches airborne cargo transport. As it takes its place in the Royal Canadian Air Force's fleet, the "Bison" symbolizes a new chapter in the nation's aviation legacy, setting the stage for enhanced efficiency, flexibility, and responsiveness in meeting the country's transport and logistical needs

|

|

Name: Canadair C-2 “Bison”

Model: C-2A or Base model

Type: Cargo/Transport Aircraft

Manufacturer: Canadair - Apex Systems Air Division

Development Time: 1959 - 1962

Production Start/End: 1962 -

Numbers Produced: 2

Unit Price: $1.65M

Crew: 7

Passengers: 105

Flight Performance

Length: 50.29 m (164.99 ft)

Wingspan: 48.46 m (158.99 ft)

Height: 17.6 m (57.74 ft)

Empty weight: 64,269 kg (141,688.89 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 143,000 kg (315,261.03 lb)

Max speed: 917.33 km/h (570.00 mph)

Max altitude 13,716 meters (45,000.00 ft)

Powerplant: 4x Orion-Helios-M1

Features

Combat flaps: No

Take-off flaps: Yes

Landing flaps: Yes

Air brakes: No

Arrestor gear: No

Drogue chute: No

Avionics

IFF system: Yes

Fire control system: No

Radar: Yes

Radio compass for navigation: Yes

Radio for communications: Yes

Survivability and armor

Flares/IRCM: Yes

DIRCM: None

IRWR: None

Chaff: Yes

RWR: None

TDS: None

Veriants

|

[spoiler=[sub]Military[/sub]

Bison

—]

Ababemba

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Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

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The Black Star-

The Sun States

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Vancouver Straits

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[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Ma-Li, Tiernesia

Post by Tiernesia suppressed by Paramountica.

Tiernesia

Greetings... i just joined... and i decided to be Rhodesia but renamed it because i can...

I might do a "Tiernesian" Bush War... since the IRL Rhodesian bush war started in 1964

Post by Kurbelland suppressed by Paramountica.

Kurbelland

Operation World part 1

January 2nd |Vinetiane,Laos

(Kevin was in office looking at some papers when his vice president Kingston Reynolds talks to him)

Kr: mr president

Ks:yes

Kr: how are you going to takover the world

Ks: well first of all I need to do some work on the military and navy get some new weapons and transport and stuff

Kr: ok then what’s next

Ks: then when we need to convince the people we are not invading by investing more in propaganda

Kr: oh how are you gonna fund that that

Ks: by teaming up with north Vietnam for arms and propaganda reasons

Kr: wow that is smart

Ks: then I hire mercenaries to kill the leader of north Vietnam they think it was the USA utterly destroy the us army and then we do an attack by using a bomb

Kr: what kinda bomb

Ks:not bomb bombs

Kr:oh

Ks: we use cluster bombs from Vietnam to destroy Vietnam claim the country as our own and kaboom we just took over Vietnam and the nam war

Kr: wow ok then what shall we do first

Ks: send me the address of the north vietnam leader’s

Kr: ok then uh why you need it

Ks: so I can send him a letter

Kr: oh right away sir

Spainard, Saudi Arabiyah, Maziya

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[sub]1962 Assembly Session: Part III — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

| The CMEA Assembly has voted to adopt A/62/06. This landmark document establishes the transferable ruble as a means for international settlements within the CMEA as well as between the CMEA and third countries. The agreement also creates an International Bank for Economic Cooperation, the capital of which is provided by the CMEA states and is available to them as well as developing countries that trade with the Socialist bloc. In response to a point of inquiry raised by the delegation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Executive Committee of the Council stated that the agreement does not bar CMEA member states from holding reserves of foreign currency. Nevertheless, the Council anticipates that the transferable ruble will become a currency of major import to international trade in the future.

[spoiler=Copies were made available to the international press.]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

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Israelli

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Ma-Li

Maziya

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Nevbrejnovitz

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Nileia

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Osivoii

Paramountica

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Peking Zhongguo

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Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

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Vietnam Sv

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[/spoiler]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1917622

Paramountica, Astarina, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Maziya, Ma-Li

[list]September 1962

[sub]Infrastructure and Politics[/sub][/list]

[list][list] HOUSING FOR ALL, COURTESY OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY - PART ONE

WOHNUNG FÜR ALLE, MIT FREUNDLICHER GENEHMIGUNG DER SOZIALISTISCHEN PARTEI - TEIL EINS

LOGEMENT POUR TOUS, ACCORDÉE PAR LE PARTI SOCIALISTE - PARTIE UN

ALLOGGI PER TUTTI, PER GENTILE CONCESSIONE DEL PARTITO SOCIALISTA - PRIMA PARTE

—[/list][/list]

VIENNA

[sub]ALPENLAND, THE ALPINE REPUBLIC[/sub]

| In Vienna’s 10th District, against the backdrop of the historical George Washington-Hof, Alpine Minister of Foreign Affairs Bruno Kreisky would stand before a gathered crowd of followers, onlookers, and news reporters, ready to outline his plan to provide affordable housing for all in Alpenland. The sun would paint the white facade of the building with a golden hue. It would spotlight the significant location for such an announcement, as the George Washington-Hof had been one of the first public housing projects that rose in Vienna in the wake of the 1st World War. Now, the new republic would be facing a similar housing crisis as its predecessor. World War II had devastated much of former Austria. Cities across Alpenland, even those in states that had not seen any part of the war, such as Zürich, had been met with a flood of migrants from the East, as well as immigrants from other affected nations such as West Germany, France, and Italy. |

| As leader of the Social Democratic Party of Alpenland, Kreisky would be the one to unveil the Socialist vision for Alpenland's new national affordable housing system, a culmination of influences from Vienna's long-renowned housing projects and Switzerland's outstanding engineering. He would outline two distinct styles of social housing, each designed to cater to a specific segment of society: |

[list][pre]Municipal Housing[/pre]The first style would be a spiritual continuation of the omnipresent Gemeindebauten housing courts, or “municipal buildings” in German, that had flourished in Vienna. These low-rise complexes, including the George Washington-Hof, had sprung up along with the Social Democratic Party’s rise to power in the city in the 1920s and 30s. They had been necessary at the time to deal with the massive housing crisis facing Austria after a devastating war, and later with turbulent economic times brought by the Great Depression. The new municipal buildings would share much of the same premise. They would provide sufficient apartments with modern amenities, designed to accommodate young working-class couples and families who had borne the brunt of post-war struggles. To keep people moving and housing available to those who need it most, the bottom line would be that anyone who can afford to move out of municipal buildings should. This would be enforced strictly. As for the architecture of the municipal buildings, they would be much more utilitarian than their predecessors, embracing contemporary design heralded in by the new modernist ideas sweeping the nation with both low and high-rise structures ranging from 5 to 30 floors.[/list]

[list][pre]Cooperative Housing[/pre]The second style would mirror Switzerland's decentralized approach to housing with new cooperative housing communities. These would cater to middle-class families, allowing them to have a stake in their own housing, and fostering a sense of ownership and community. Still a form of government housing, these would be subsidized to keep prices down in desirable areas. With notable examples already completed decades ago in cities such as Geneva, the method would be tried and true. The architectural styles of cooperative housing units would vary greatly from each other, since they would be chosen by the city governments and private contractors tasked with building them, reflecting the country's diverse cultures.[/list]

| As Kreisky’s announcement would conclude, the crowd would applaud, their minds filled with visions of thriving communities, efficient architecture, and improved living conditions. However, a few questions loomed unanswered. Would these grand ideas come to fruition as intended? A comprehensive housing policy such as this one would likely take a decade to complete. An even larger issue than construction though would be that of politics. The entire idea of the “Gemeindebauten” had been innately Socialist at the time, and it would be hard to shake that image from the large number of voters who had grown to dislike the Social Democracy Party. Even the choice to hold an announcement in front of the George Washington-Hof rather than the larger, more famous, yet controversially named Karl Marx-Hof had been an attempt to put ideologically communist ties behind the country. Of course, the large price tag wouldn't help either. Alpenland would have to do something though, and as Marshall Plan funding would run out and construction aid from other countries would stop flowing in, to keep up the immense level of rebuilding still required, the treasury in Bern would have to be opened sooner or later. |

[spoiler=THE WORLD TAKES NOTE . . .

—]

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Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

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Vietnam Sv

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[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Tallahan, Maziya, Ma-Li

Post by Spicy Berries suppressed by Paramountica.

Spicy Berries

KIDIFIKNG

JOMANDIFOSENTINO

MACADOODLEAPOODLETA

ASDORTYINGJIDSIFMROCLABELENA

[list][list]SEPTEMBER 1962[/list]

[list][list]INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOTIVA BRASILEIRA

[pre]BRAZILIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY[/pre][/list][/list]

[pre] O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O [/pre]

STRENGTHENING OF THE NATIONAL INDUSTRY

[sub]BRASÍLIA, FEDERAL DISTRICT, Brazil Toucan — AFTERNOON[/sub]

| Since 1954, the demand for cars manufactured by Volkswagen has become very popular among the Brazilian middle class, now that the Brazilian market is mature, a new competitor has emerged — Renault has recently started its operations in Brazil. Of course, long before Volkswagen, American car brands like Ford and Chevrolet were very popular in Brazil, now Volkswagen has managed to surpass the popularity of American cars and has won the hearts of millions of Brazilians. To bring even more competition to Brazil’s automotive market, Brazilian President SARAH KUBITSCHEK, together with her Minister of Industry and Trade, announced that they will strengthen the national industry and created a program called “Made in Brazil” with initial investments of $50,000,000 that will be made available to the state-owned automobile company FÁBRICA NACIONAL DE MOTORES (F.N.M.) and two new state-owned automobile factories, FÁBRICA DE AUTOMÓVEIS KUBITSCHEK (F.A.K.) and INDÚSTRIA NACIONAL DO PROGRESSO (I.N.P.). |

| For SARAH, investing heavily in the auto industry will be good for the economy. After announcing his new $50,000,000 million program, President KUBITSCHEK traveled to Belo Horizonte, where he visited a state-owned automobile factory. If the government’s program succeeds, experts say domestic production of Brazilian cars will skyrocket. It will take a few years for the new state-owned companies to reach the popularity that Volkswagen and other foreign companies are achieving in Brazil. |

| Wasting no time, after visiting the factory in Belo Horizonte, President KUBITSCHEK returned to Brasília, met with members of the government, and drew up plans for the construction of new state-owned automobile factories in FORTALEZA, SALVADOR, and PORTO ALEGRE. It was decided that the first factory would start construction in January 1963, the second factory in 1965, and the third in 1967. SARAH is determined to work hard to always improve the domestic auto industry. SARAH surprised everyone with her initiative to encourage the manufacture of Brazilian cars, everyone thought she supported privatization, but they were wrong. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

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Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

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Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

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Peking Zhongguo

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Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

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Vietnam Sv

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[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Tallahan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

| The long-awaited 1962 Session of the Assembly of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance is about to kick off in Bucharest, capital of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Heads of states, economic ministers, and central planners from all across the Eastern Bloc have come to discuss and exchange ideas to strengthen the friendship of the international community of socialist countries. In attendance are all the member states of the CMEA, including:

[list]East Germany Ddr

Osivoii (USSR)

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Lieobria (Bulgaria)

Pontianus (Hungary)

The Siberian Confederacy (Poland)

Ranponian (SFRY)

Astarina (CSSR).[/list]

| The Assembly also welcomes the delegation of Greater Kurdistane to observe the proceedings on the Assembly floor and engage in special consultations behind closed doors. The Democratic Republic of Kurdistan has been an observer of the CMEA since the Council's founding in 1950. In the intervening years, Kurdistan has demonstrated admirable socialist resilience in the face of immense adversity. The Socialist and Communist Workers' Parties of the CMEA member countries express their united, unwavering support to the fraternal Revolutionary National Labor Front of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan. The Executive Committee of the Council extends its best wishes to Kurdistan and expresses its heartfelt desire to facilitate Kurdistan's full integration into the Socialist Community.

In accordance with the provisions of the CMEA Charter, the Secretariat of the Council has—in close consultation with the permanent representatives of the member countries—laid out an agenda* for the session:[list]1. Opening Speeches: GDR, Romania, Hungary, SFRY, CSSR

2. Report from the Executive Committee of the Council: Grigore Dinescu's Presentation

3. Adoption of the Agreement concerning Multilateral Settlements: Adopted

4. Adoption of the Principles of International Socialist Division of Labour:

5. Closing Speech from the Romanian Delegation:

[/list]

[sub]* The agenda will be regularly updated with hyperlinks as the council proceeds.[/sub]

[spoiler=The international press has been invited and given limited access to the Assembly floor]

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Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

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[/spoiler]

[pre]| BUCHAREST - 1962 |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]USSR ★ UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик CCCP |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

OPENING REMARKS OF ANDREI ANDREYEVICH GROMYKO, MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE U.S.S.R | ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНОЕ СЛОВО АНДРЕЯ АНДРЕЕВИЧА ГРОМЫКО, МИНИСТРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ДЕЛ СССР

[pre]”Comrades of the liberated world, it is with pride we meet here today to enforce and uphold cooperation across the Socialist world for the betterment of the lives of our people. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance is paramount to this achievement.”[/pre]

[pre]”The votes we cast and decisions we make, shall be made with the foremost attention to the lives of our workers and the quality of our nations. I am sure we all keep that in mind as we vote for these resolutions.”[/pre]

Paramountica, Astarina, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Mutual Economic Assistance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[pre]| 1962 |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]USSR ★ UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик CCCP |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

OGAS A DREAM OF NEW AGE SOCIALISM:

KHRUSHCHEV LEGITIMIZES CYBERNETICS TO THE SOVIET PUBLIC AFTER STALINIST DEMONIZATION OF THE SCIENCE!

ОГАС МЕЧТА СОЦИАЛИЗМА НОВОЙ ЭПОХИ:

ХРУЩЕВ ЛЕГИТИМИЗИРУЕТ КИБЕРНЕТИКУ ДЛЯ СОВЕТСКОЙ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОСТИ ПОСЛЕ СТАЛИНСКОЙ ДЕМОНИЗАЦИИ НАУКИ!

[pre]| The National Automated System for Computation and Information Processing would be a project given a new life after the death of Tyrant Stalin and supported by the First-Secretary Khrushchev. Viktor Glushkov would formulate the idea this year to improve the central planning of the Soviet Union similar to the idea proposed in 1959 by Anatoly Kitov which would be rejected by the Military in fear of sharing information with the civilian planning committees. This plan would consist of a three-tier network with a computer center in Moscow with 200 middle level computer centers in the major cities, and lastly 20,000 local terminals in strategic Economic centers. Glushkov deeply feared an increasingly overencumbered bureaucracy and promoted a future electronic based currency. Although many in the politburo and central planning committees felt hesitant on this endeavor, support from Khrushchev broadened the support base for Glushkov and more talks would commence. Could this be the future of central planning? Khrushchev felt it could be. |[/pre]

[list][list][pre]WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]ТРУДЯЩИЕСЯ МИРА ОБЪЕДИНЯЙТЕСЬ![/pre][/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

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Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

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Ma-Li

Maziya

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Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

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Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

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Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

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Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Astarina, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Cascadla, East Germany Ddr, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

UNDER THE WATCHFUL EYE - BROTHERS OF THE BLACK KOLOVRAT

20 September, 1962

| Though Czechoslovak elections had shown consistently strong support for the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and its junior partners, this did not mean anti-communist elements weren't bubbling under the surface. While liberal and Western-sympathetic movements were efficiently and quickly quashed by the hardline, Stalinist Kostra Government, there were some more secretive, fringe groups that had managed to escape scrutiny. |

| One of those, at least until September 1962, was the so-called 'Brothers of the Black Kolovrat', until now believed to be a sect of Slavic pagans. While attending religious services was discouraged under the state atheism of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, this group was viewed as small and harmless, with the government estimating the BBK had perhaps 100 to 200 members. |

| Funnily enough, it was a kolovrat that flagged the initial concern of the Kostra Government about the BBK. It was unknown what exactly a kolovrat even was until an anonymous report was made, about a symbol hung on a white banner at one of the BBK's 'sermons'. Literally translating to 'spinning wheel', a kolovrat is an eight-armed symbol that, while carrying Slavic pagan connotations, also bears strong resemblance to a swastika. Upon hearing the description of this symbol, StB (Czechoslovak secret police) infiltration missions were initiated on two buildings in Prague known to host BBK sermons, uncovering not just Slavic pagan teachings but also strong anti-communist sentiment and other counter-revolutionary far-right ideals. |

| Unsurprisingly, President Kostra has signed a decree outlawing the BBK and ordering that anyone suspected of being a member be arrested and questioned, on suspicion of treason against the state. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

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Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

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Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

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Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Cape Times | September 25, 1962

NAMIBIA ENTERS THE SOUTH AFRICAN UNION AS ITS 5TH STATE

By Barke Van Der Knaap, Political Correspondent

Years in the making, the Union of South Africa officially welcomes Namibia, officially the State of Namibia, as its 5th state marking the end of its long-standing status as a federal territory of the Union. The passing of the Namibia Act, 1962 in the House of Assembly with the popular support of all major political parties has paved the way for this historic event and the reshaping of South African politics.

For the better part of the 20th century, Namibia has been under the rule of the Union of South Africa, initially as a League of Nations Mandate, later a UN Trust Territory, and finally as a Federally Administered Territory of the Union. It's transition from federal territory to a fully equal state within the Union has been a long time in the making and the result of years of infrastructure development, federal investment, and consultations with the local African Aboriginal population.

The Namibia Act, 1962 has been a matter of serious debate in the halls of Parliament since 1960, as politicians from across the political spectrum and party lines, from the African National Congress to the National Party, and the United Party sought to prevent the upending of the South African power-sharing arrangement and constitutional order. The decision to admit Namibia comes amidst a mix of optimism and apprehension about the future of the Union.

Prime Minister Clayton Nkululeko, of the United Party of South Africa, addressed the nation at the assent ceremony at the Government House in Bloemfontein, along side Governor-General Cornelius Steyn. "My fellow countryman, today we celebrate a new chapter in the history of our great Union," he proclaimed. "Namibias journey to statehood within the Union symbolizes not only the commitment of her people to our Union, but also the strength of our shared values and our unceasing commitment to fostering unity with diversity."

Nkululeko went on to emphasize the importance of representative governance in ensuring a harmonious transition. "As we welcome the lands of Namibia as our 5th state, we must also renew our pledge to uphold the principles of democracy, justice, and racial equality that form the foundation of our glorious Union. Our nations history is one of struggle against and triumph over division, and we are now extending our hand to our Namibian brothers and sisters as they become an integral part of this journey of struggle and triumph."

While admitting Namibia into the Union has marked a significant milestone in the young history of South Africa , challenges undoubtedly lie ahead. Welcoming a State that is majority Black and African Aboriginal into the Union will without doubt put strain on the political system, and draw attention from the international community.

As Namibia takes its place in the Union of South Africa the people and world watch with anticipation, hoping this decision will not only lead to change but contribute to stability in the South African region. The road ahead will require carful navigation from our leaders, and their unwavering commitment to our ideals of unity, equality, and progress.

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[pre]| SEPTEMBER ЯНВАРЬ 1962 |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]USSR ★ UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик CCCP |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

SOVIET CINEMA AND LITERATURE EXPORTATION:

LITERATURE AND CINEMA FINDS NEW HOMES IN NATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE IN NEW CULTURAL INITIATIVES!

ЭКСПОРТ СОВЕТСКОГО КИНО И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:

ЛИТЕРАТУРА И КИНО НАХОДЯТ НОВЫЙ ДОМ В НАЦИОНАХ МИРА В НОВЫХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ИНИЦИАТИВАХ!

[pre]| Soviet Cinema and literature, although enjoyed thoroughly throughout the Eastern Bloc and intellectuals across the globe, found immense trouble in translation and getting in front of audiences in neutral and more soft western aligned nations. Soviet artists pushed for new initiatives in order to change this status quo and deals would begin to get pushed through by the Soviet Government. The two most open nations of the initiatives would be that of Israel and La Plata. Soviet citizens knowledgeable in Hebrew and Spanish would begin work in immediate translation of Literature and making subtitles for Cinema in order to begin productions of film reels and books to be exported to Israel and La Plata. The Soviet Union did not view this as an economic transaction but as a form of a new soft diplomacy in these nations to build a Soviet Sympathetic base in the working class and intellectuals alike. |[/pre]

[list][list][pre]WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]ТРУДЯЩИЕСЯ МИРА ОБЪЕДИНЯЙТЕСЬ![/pre][/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Astarina, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[sub]✭ REPUBLIQUE DU DAHOMEY ✭[/sub]

[sup]1962[/sup]

-------------------------

[pre]CREATING NEW MARKETS: A SHORT PEPSICO STORY[/pre]

[list][list][sub]| The shores of Cotonou were unusually quiet, despite contractors hard at work at building the new port of Cotonou, said to be the 'lifeline' of the small impoverished country. This quiet was mostly due to the absence of said contractors as it was an early Sunday morning. This quiet greeted Allen McKellar Jr., a meek African-American businessman, one of the few high profile ones in America. In the 40s, McKeller found himself leading the charge in establishing a new market for PepsiCo, that of the black community in America. Previously depicted as stereotypes, McKeller's campaigns showed them as just middle class consumers. | [/sub]

[sub]| Eventually, McKeller left the company following a change in leadership that was less than progressive compared to the one that hired McKeller. However with PepsiCo. finding itself in neeed of new markets, they sought out the man that originally helped them. | [/sub]

[sub]| A Lebanese man, broad and tall in his mid 30s cigar in hand, greeted McKeller. Lebanese business entrepreneurs are not foreign to West Africa, in fact controlling many important industries and private enterprises. For Dahomey this story was no different with several strong Lebanese clans all vying a stake in the limited economic potential of the country. This new challenger, Jamal Khelaifi, controlled several distribution and construction contractor companies. His help was sought out for this revolutionary new opportunity. | [/sub]

[sub]| "Monsieur McKeller very nice to meet you!" Khelaifi greeted the incoming American. Jamal spoke with a heavy french accent, but his English was fluent. Both men quickly moved to an office in the middle of the city to begin negotiations. PepsiCo was looking to expand and branch into unexplored markets, Dahomey was a country that had a fully developed transport infrastruture, skilled labourers, and a desperate need for any business investment. Therefore it was identified as the best place for this business venture | [/sub]

[sub]| Negotiations progressed smoothly, despite initial reservations from McKeller, Khelaifi's almost charismatic attitudes soothed him over to the idea. A timeline developed, concerns addressed, and a shared vision established meant that fresh ink filled the paperwork of the two men. Dahomey was to serve as a new hub of distribution for PepsiCo, to distribute to nearby countries and not just Dahomey, utilizing its upcoming high capacity port and its transport connections with other nearby nations. Employing dozens and creating new sectors for the country's economy, while paying what are ultimately negligible salaries in exchange for access to a new market. Both men found themselves happy, though the success of this plan will still be seen.| [/sub]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][sup]

(CCP) People’s Republic of China / (CCP) 中华人民共和国

[/sup]

THE THAGLA RIDGE CONFRONTATION RAISES TENSIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA!

塔格拉骑行事件加剧了中印之间的紧张关系

[sub]September 1962 | 1962 年 9 月

[/sub]

[list]

[sub]

THE NAMKA CHU VALLEY, DISPUTED TERRITORY | 有争议领土南卡楚河谷[/sub]

[sub]Sometime in June of 1962, Chinese intelligence had informed military command of the People’s Liberation Army in Beijing of the establishment of an outpost known as the “Dhola Post” on the northern slopes of the Tsangdhar Range, on the right-side of the Namka Chu valley, facing the southern slopes of the Thagla Ridge. The Post generated anger and consternation among the Chinese military establishment, who noted firmly in diplomatic protests that the Post lay north of the McMahon Line, which was the disputed boundary between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India. Diplomatic protests were issued in early August, to no apparent avail.[/sub]

[sub]The Thagla Ridge dispute was the newest “silent conflict” between China and India as tensions between Beijing and Delhi continue to rise over the true borders between both countries in the mountainous north of India and the south of China, near the Tibet autonomous region. Both countries were steadily boosting their military presence in the region, and even despite India’s realigning of its focus onto the region after a brief rise in tensions with Pakistan some years prior, Beijing remained firmly committed to defending the region and its new acquirement of the Tibet region, which it took over in the Fifties.[/sub]

[sub]On the 8th of September, a People’s Liberation Army unit of 60 units descended to the south side of the ride and occupied positions that overlooked one of the illegal Indian posts at Namka Chu. There was no shots fired, but the PLA was put on heightened readiness in the region after the Indian Prime Minister instructed the Indian Army to “free our territory” and discretion to use force had been granted. Chairman and Eternal President Mao Zedong, President of the People’s Republic of China and the founder of the great Chinese proletariat revolution, criticized Delhi for its “reckless political maneuvering” and its “commitment to force, in violation of Gandhi principles”.[/sub]

[sub]After the encounter on the 8th, the region felt general silence as Chinese intelligence units made intermittent reports of mobilization of Indian forces in the region. While Indian forces seemingly were still out of the area, Chinese units over the course of that week took over both banks of the Namka Chu river to consolidate their position. On the 20th of September, grenades were thrown at Indian troops after an encounter gone wrong. While the Indian military alleged no misconduct on their behalf, the People’s Liberation Army clarified the true series of events, wherein PLA personnel reported that India had committed acts of violence first.[/sub]

[sub]As with previous armed confrontations, there was no declaration of war. The focus of both countries were to gain the upper hand in a heavily disputed region that both countries sought to secure for their own benefit. For China, it was a matter of safeguarding the proletariat and empowering the people’s revolution against the frailty of capitalism.[/sub]

[sub]“As we refused to back down in our fight to defend the people of Tibet from the autocratic crutches of our misleading neighbors, we must refuse to back down to protect the people in these disputed territories. China is stronger than ever, and the world shall see that.”[/sub]

[sub]"我们拒绝在捍卫西藏人民免受我们误导邻国的专制拐杖之害的斗争中退缩,我们也必须拒绝在保护这些争议领土上的人民的斗争中退缩。中国比以往任何时候都更加强大,世界将会看到这一点。[/sub]

[/list]

[B]

🇨🇳 🇨🇳 🇨🇳

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, East Germany Ddr, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Tallahan, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list]September 1962

[sub]A Nuclear Future?[/sub][/list]

[pre]E I N I G K E I T U N D R E C H T U N D F R E I H E I T[/pre]

A RESILIENT NUCLEAR ENERGY FUTURE

[sub]KAHL AM MAIN, ASCHAFFENBURG, BAVARIA, New Provenance - EVENING[/sub]

| Cameras clicked quietly as CHANCELLOR WILLY BRANDT beamed at the site director discussing the new control room at the Kahl Experimental Nuclear Power Station, the first nuclear power plant in Germany and an experimental boiling water reactor. Built by General Electric and supplied by Siemens, the plant in Kahl am Main in Bavaria was opened in 1960. The plant marked a significant advance forward for Germany in its quest to develop its own civilian nuclear power capabilities. Since the mid-1950s, research in the civilian applications for nuclear power had been expanded exponentially. No military research was conducted, especially under the Brandt administration who expressly blocked military involvement in the nuclear power program, and the focus was entirely civilian. The plant produced a minimal amount of power and was not yet officially linked to the grid, but had gone online already and was running at the time of Brandt's evening visit. |

| The visit was a part of a trip across the country by Chancellor Brandt of the Social Democratic Party to reiterate his government's commitment to developing the civilian nuclear energy capabilities of the Federal Republic of Germany. Brandt had, to the consternation of some foreign policy doves in Germany's Bundestag, committed to the continuation of a Kiesinger-era energy policy that invested in nuclear energy. While the SPD were not the most vocal on the issue, Brandt's leadership had shifted the party to moderately support the use of nuclear power for peaceful purposes, through the Social Democrats favored stronger regulations on the industry to prevent misuse and accidents. |

| Visiting the Kahl station, which at this point had been running smoothly and according to the books for a substantial period of time already, Brandt expressed his great joy at seeing the "scientific achievement of our scientists and engineers here" and pointed to the plant's success as a sign of "Germany's potential as a trailblazing nation in the realm of science and energy and technology". With his Energy Ministry officials, Brandt announced plans to include nuclear energy in the German energy grid as soon as 1965, to bolster the energy production network of the country. Germany's electric grid was already rapidly growing, but Brandt and his officials presented the inclusion of nuclear energy as a way to diversify the grid and eventually begin producing an energy surplus for the country - a goal of the SPD-FDP government, supported by the CDU/CSU. |

| Government officials under Germany's energy authorities presented a bold plan to build 10 nuclear power stations over the course of 15-years, with each incorporating new changes to strengthen safety and boost MW production for the grid. However, while bold and ambitious, the funding for the project had not yet been secured, as the SPD itself had divided over the necessity of building such a large amount of nuclear power plants in such a relatively short period of time. Nonetheless, however, Brandt endeavored to develop what he called a "nuclear future" for Germany, where "there are no blackouts, and you can turn your heaters up during the winter fully knowing that your energy grid has your back and is doing so in a safe, efficient and non-polluting way." |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

🇫🇮KINGDOM OF FINLAND🇫🇮

September 1962

Finland opens its economy

After the reopening of the country to the world one more time, and seeing the actual political context, the economics expert , Valto Kukkonen, proposed to allow to the private and foreing companies to settle in Finland, searching a grow of the economy. The proposal was sent to the Parlament, where it was voted with a mayority of 75% in favor. After that, the goverment has send a message to te greatest companies to settle in Finland. Anyways, the finnish goverment has expresed his concern to maintain the national industry over the primary sector and the extraction of the Natural resources of the country, sectores where the private industry can work, but in a regulated way to ensure that Finland earns profit from its own resources.

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Mutual Economic Assistance wrote:COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

[sub]1962 Assembly Session — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

[sub]1962 Assembly Session: Part IV — Bucharest, SR Romania[/sub]

| The CMEA Assembly has voted to adopt Basic Principles of International Socialist Division of Labour. A lengthy and wordy document, the Basic Principles serves to bind the CMEA members states together by coordinating plans and "concentrating production of similar products in one or several socialist countries." As formulated by the COMECON session, these principles include a proper regard for maintaining the objectively necessary proportions in the economic development of each country and of the world socialist system as a whole. Another basic goal is a high degree of economic efficiency in the international socialist division of labor, as manifested in rapid rates of growth in production and greater satisfaction of the needs of the population in each country with the least possible expenditure of social labor.

| It is important that international specialization of production be combined with the comprehensive, multifaceted development of the economy of each socialist country, so that the natural and economic prerequisites for production, including labor resources, may be used more fully and more expediently. The international socialist division of labor aims at gradually overcoming the historically determined differences in the levels of economic development of various countries, chiefly through the industrialization of the less developed countries and through the maximum utilization of the internal resources of each country as well as of the advantages of the world socialist system.

[spoiler=Copies were made available to the international press.]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1923050

Paramountica, Astarina, Arcanda, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Tallahan, Ma-Li

FIRST BARREL OF OIL EXPORTED FROM THE TRUCIAL MAINLAND...

[list][sub]| For years, the Trucial States had been dominated almost entirely by the Kuwaiti emirate, which in 1962, easily had the best living conditions in the Middle East, and exported an immense amount of oil. Because of this dominance in the Trucial economy, most issues concerning the entirety of the emirates were decided by the Kuwaiti emir, lest he threaten consequences for the rest. However, this was soon to change, as British companies discovered oil in the Southern Emirates in the late 50s, threatening to change the balance of power present in the region. The viability of an oil-based economy was seen to be low, and the antiquated leaders prevalent in these sheikhdoms had almost not pursued it at all, preferring the status quo of a meager pearl-fishing-based market, to the relief of the Kuwaitis. |[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]| However, unknownst to the sheikhs of the Trucial Council, without the knowledge of his own father, the Emir of Abu Dhabi, his son Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan had exported the first cargo of crude oil from the Southern Trucial Sheikhdoms in 1962. This move had massive ramifications, from the proliferation of oil production to the fall of Kuwaiti hegemony inside the Trucial council, as it became clear that the path forward laid in this black gold. Inside Abu Dhabi, citizens who had been complacent for centuries had realized that there could be better in their everyday, and that the stingy Sheikh Shakhbut didn't need to be a constant in their life. Indeed, his financial views which should have been left in the 1400s had even received ire from the Abu Dhabi elite, who saw potential for the emirate to be a dominant force in Trucial politics. However, the full effects have not been seen, as the world awaits what could possibly come out of 83,600 square kilometers of sand.|[/sub][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]next rp coming out in 2024..[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

OCTOBER,1962

The Senapang Komunis File

______________________________________________

[U]A Collection Of Reports

| President,Hadif Rayyan would commission for a collection of all reports from the Maziyan Civil War,specifically those with contents relating to the weapons utilised by the Maziyan People's Liberation Army.With the intentions of learning how the MPLA managed to keep itself up with the proper military,by using the information gathered by various officers who had to make reports back to their superiors during the war. |

| All of the reports were then organised into a series of files collectively known as the "Tentera Pembebasan File".With a total of 3 files being created with those files being:

[List]-Strategi Komunis File

-Peralatan Am Komunis File

-Senapang Komunis File[/list]

The Senapang Komunis file caught the attention of Hadif.As it wasn't put into the Peralatan Am Komunis file,which is a file dedicated to the equipment utilised by the MPLA. |

[U]The Contents Of The Senapang Komunis File

| The file was dedicated to the rifles that the MPLA had made themselves,as during the years after the war ended.Those rifles were taken back and left inside of storage.But some of those rifles had been used by soldiers of the former Maziyan army during the civil war.According to the reports provided. |

| While they never opened one of the MPLA rifles to analyse the internal specifications of the rifle.Just from the outside they knew it was a copy of their [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1852450]Senapang Pantas[/URL] rifle.As they share not just a very similar appearance but the same action,with the both of them being bolt-action rifles.A total of 104 MPLA rifles had been captured and put into storage. |

| Despite for the physical similarity the MPLA rifle has with the Senapang Pantas.There were some key differences that they could spot.The MPLA rifle has a shorter barrel (514mm),when compared to the Senapang Pantas (730mm),it is overall shorter,with it having a total length of 1,000mm meanwhile the Senapang Pantas has a total length of 1,232mm,it has a pistol grip,it removed the buttstock and it was overall lighter because of the reduction in its length.Although 7 recovered rifles were noted to have the exact same length as the Senapang Pantas and they were deemed as early MPLA rifles that were made and with time they tweaked it to become shorter due to their usage of guerilla tactics.As the longer Senapang Pantas,is harder to maneuver around with in the dense foliage of the jungles and rainforest.However despite these differences,they discovered that the MPLA rifle could still chamber the same rounds of ammunition as the Senapang Pantas.Soldiers who had used a MPLA rifle have reported back that they prefer it over the Senapang Pantas,due to its shorter length and lighter weight. |

[U]SP-C

| With the knowledge of the MPLA rifle.Hadif would make sure that the 104 captured,MPLA rifles would see use in the Bruneian army.As they receive a new designation as the Senapang Pantas-Carbine or SP-C for short.However they would choose not to crack open one MPLA rifle,as Hadif has no intentions of having them be produced. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Post by Kurbelland suppressed by Paramountica.

Kurbelland

Opeartion World part 3

Vientiane, Laos / January 3rd 1962

Dear Mr Kuanish

I hope you will find this letter well as we enter the new decade. I have reason to believe that you may need our help with the war against the USA so as a kind man I will help the war by giving you the following weapons

200 M8 greyhounds

50 T-28 D Nomads

100 Mil Mi-4 Helicopters

I hope this is the start of a brand new friendship between Laos and North Vietnam

Sincerely yours

Kevin Selemon

President of Laos

Sudesam

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR[/pre][/list]

______

MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR: DE GAULLE DELIGHTED AS POLITICAL REFERENDUM TO DIRECTLY ELECT FRANCE'S PRESIDENT PASSES

[sub]VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, OCTOBER 1962[/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF LIBERTÉ, MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR - | Le Grand Charles resorted to his Premier, Georges Pompidou, when the French Parliament voted its vote of approval of the De Gaulle Cabinet early this month, theoretically bolstering the administration and the PSF (French Social Party) agenda. "You must acknowledge that at least we aren't bored", he remarked. The rest of France wasn't either last week as De Gaulle fought to win his referendum on direct presidential elections on October 28.[/sub]

[sub]One evening, a well-known sight appeared on TV. De Gaulle, who was as upright as an Alp and had a puffy face and a steadying voice at the Elysée Palace's library, was seated at a Louis XV desk. He was direct: "My task will be ended, immediately and irrevocably," he said, unless the French electorate not only votes yes in the referendum but also does so by a significant margin. "But if, as I hope, as I am sure, you answer me yes once more," De Gaulle said in his closing remarks, "then I shall be confirmed by all of you in the burden I bear." De Gaulle has already effectively won the referendum; the only outstanding issues are the margin of victory and how it would affect the elections for a new National Assembly taking place next month. The opposition, though, continues to battle.[/sub]

[sub]Direct presidential elections, which could wipe out the majority of France's twelve political parties, each of which is already torn by factionalism, are feared by De Gaulle's opponents. The moderate right is aware that it will never be able to elect its preferred candidate, Antoine Pinay, as De Gaulle's successor. The Socialists are in a similar situation; separated from M.R.P. progressives on the basis of religion, they would only able to elect a President with Communist backing which is now impossible in itself because of the dissolution of the French Communist Party. The impracticality of such a coalition would effectively drive the Socialist right wing, headed by ex-Premier Guy Mollet, into a deal with the moderate right.[/sub]

[sub]The party leaders want to avoid these conundrums and continue playing the game the way it has always been played in France—as a never-ending ronde of Premiers, with seats in office available for every middle-ground group. They shouted "blackmail" at De Gaulle's most recent threat to remove himself from France, as was expected, and some others thought that this would cause a reaction among voters who have been repeatedly pressured to vote "yes" or else. Opposition speakers feel the need to protest that they are not for driving De Gaulle back to Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises, but merely returning to parliamentary administration, despite pre-referendum polls showing De Gaulle with a solid 74% majority.[/sub]

[sub]Political ads and propaganda posters called for "No to the unknown! De Gaulle does not know, nor you either." However, the verbal battle was being won by the Gaullists. In a flyer, the opposition was made fun of: "I am smart enough to vote for a Deputy. I lack the sophistication to choose the President of the Republic. I'm voting against it because I'm a moron." The opposition became more adamant as the referendum day drew near. Former President Vincent Auriol has now publicly accused De Gaulle of "usurpation" and of pleading with the country to "legalize his coups d'etat." Etienne Hirsch, an economist, criticized De Gaulle by joking that he had "forgotten how this translates into Italian, Spanish, or German"—il Duce, el Caudillo, der Fuhrer—since he intended to be the "supreme guide" of France. The words of the late Premier Georges Clemenceau were used on opposition posters: "The cemeteries are full of indispensable men."[/sub]

[sub]As it turned out De Gaulle won, but by a narrower margin than he had hoped for. He drew just under 68% of all valid ballots, but only 54% of registered voters —less than in previous referendums. Despite this fact, it was neither important nor a political setback for De Gaulle and the French Social Party. President De Gaulle now had all of the political authority he required to reshape France and ensure it stays that way. |[/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐌

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Holy Vatican City States

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, Batallon De Dignidad, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][pre]T H E S L O V E N E R E P U B L I C • S L O V E N S K A R E P U B L I K A[/pre][/list]

RAPPROCHEMENT WITH ITALY TOUTED AS TOP ACCOMPLISHMENT OF JAKAC ADMINISTRATION

[list][sup]AN HONORABLE PEACE?

JUNE 1962[/sup][/list]

It seemed that, with Sloveno-Yugoslavian relations cooling, the time for peace in south-central Europe had finally come. The backlash against the Jakac administration on the Yugoslavia issue was confined to a small sector of the population, and polling showed that a great part of the Slovene public was open to amicable relations with the country’s foreign neighbors. Nearly two decades of stomaching financial and human losses for the sake of national pride had apparently eroded all sides’ willingness to participate. The Italian diplomatic corps thus initiated hushed discussions with their Slovene counterparts on the matter in early 1962. The issue presented much for both governments to gain—if portrayed as sufficiently ‘in favor’ of each respective side, a peace could be a public relations boon to the Fanfani and Jakac administrations as well as a demonstration to the rest of Europe that Italy and Slovenia were willing partners in internationalism and safe bets for investment. Such prospects, together with a convenient alignment of talk-ready governments, were too promising to ignore. The key turn came in April; under bright spring leaves, Vienna Secessionist façades and blue, cloud-speckled skies, Ljubljana was host to a surprisingly cooperative summit on the issues, precipitating a string of agreements that summarily normalized relations between the two countries.

As previously mentioned, both stood much to gain—if, that is, they could spin the results of the conference in their favors. In reality, easing the disputes between Italy and Slovenia required considerable gains and losses on both sides. In addition to a Treaty of Friendship, Italy would have to foot a huge $40.9 million (1962) bill in reparations to Slovene victims of Italianization—this was the single most publicized aspect of the agreement in Slovenia. In return, however, the Slovene government would need to spend the coming years giving tax breaks to Triestine Italians, opening an official investigation into one-sided water management in Beneška, instituting Italian- and Istriot-language curricula in select schools, and making a massive legislative push to reform the 1945 constitution and extend minority representation on the National Council to include Venetian Italians. The final measure would be the single most difficult and protracted political fight of Jakac’s presidency so far, and would involve several concessions on its own in a negotiation period lasting well over a year. In the end, though, the Aesthetic League reasoned that its dealmaking paid off; public approval of President Božidar Jakac and the League generally saw a noticeable uptick in the weeks after the so-called ‘Alpine Spring’ came to pass.

[list][spoiler=OOC]Thanks to Arcanda for doing most of the creative heavy lifting behind this one![/spoiler]

Paramountica, Astarina, Arcanda, Lieobria, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list]OCTOBER 1962

[sub]The Precipice of Ignition[/sub]

[pre] B R I N K S M E N S H I P ¹ [/pre][/list]

[list][sub][pre]This government, as promised, has maintained

the closest surveillance of the Soviet military

buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past

week, unmistakable evidence has established

the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is

now in preparation on that imprisoned island.[/pre][/sub]

[pre]CLOSEST SURVEILLENCE. A NAVAL QUARANTINE.

BRINK OF A MISSILE CRISIS. THE DESTROYER OF WORLDS.[/pre][/list]

CABINET ROOM, WEST WING, THE OVAL OFFICE — 11:50

[sub]WASHINGTON D.C., Paramountica[/sub]

[pre]TUESDAY the 16th of OCTOBER 1962.[/pre]

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “. . . It appears like uh, football field.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT sat at the head of the table, meaning the center of the long oval table, flanked by cabinet members both left/right and before him across the table’s reach — To his left was DAVID DEAN RUSK Secretary of State, and to his right, ROBERT S. McNAMARA, the Secretary of Defense. Directly across from him was ROBERT F. KENNEDY, or “Bobby”, the Attorney General and LYNDON B. JOHNSON, Vice President, and next to LBJ, was the National Security Advisor, McGEORGE BUNDY— THE PRESIDENT wore a dark blue suit and blue tie, remarking the sports-related comment as the [Central Intelligence] Agency’s chief photointerpreter, ATHUR LUNDAHL, displayed the black and white photographs to the assembled cabinet. Small bronze busts of LINCOLN and some model sailing ships were on display along the walls of the Cabinet Room. |

[list]| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Mistaken for one, yes Mr. President.”[/list]

| LUNDAHL remarked as an Agency assistant shifted the easel display photographs from one to the next — they had been shot from a great distance, from the soaring height of a Lockheed U-2, single-engine, high altitude reconnaissance aircraft that had flown missions over that imprisoned island of Cuba. With the aide of a very powerful zoom lens, the U-2 had captured something that made everyone, including the PRESIDENT, most uncomfortable. |

[list]| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “On a superficial inspection, these forests. . . and these winding roads appear well. . .”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT shifted in his leather armchair, leaning in to notice the oval-shaped white dots lined neatly next to each other, to the untrained eye it did in fact look like a football field. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | Bobby mentioned to me, they don’t play football in Cuba, only soccer.”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Mr. President—”[/list]

| The Agency ASSISTANT shifted the photographs on the easel once more, as the dots how had labeled arrows along with captions. |

[list]| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Here, Erector Launcher Equipment . . . and here, Missile Trailers . . . followed by Tent Areas.”

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “Jack— Mr. President, its very clear what this is—”[/list]

| McNAMARA had only caught the PRESIDENT’s attention for a short while as all heads turned to the COMMOTION that was occurring outside of the door, as a little girl, 4 years old waddled into the cabinet room, as CAROLINE KENNEDY, daughter to the PRESIDENT ran up to her father. |

[list]| CAROLINE KENNEDY, [sub]Daughter of POTUS[/sub] | “Daddy, Daddy they won’t let her in!”[/list]

| The somber expressions on the cabinet faces turned to soft smiles as The PRESIDENT proceeded to stand up from his seat and lead CAROLINE back to the door. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | Caroline, have you been eating sweets again?”[/list]

| She didn’t reply back, as The PRESIDENT smiled, a few chuckles from the assembled Cabinet men. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | Answer Caroline, yes, no, maybe?”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT, placing an arm around CAROLINE’s shoulders, vanished for a moment . . . and later returned, gone with the soft smile, and a return to the grave expression as The PRESIDENT sat once more at his place, with his back to the Rose Garden and below the POTUS Seal that hung on the wall frame. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | Arthur, bring those uh photographs here.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT had motioned for the U-2 picture displays to be spread out across the cabinet room, so everyone could exchange the pictures and take a closer ponder at them. |

[list]| DEAN RUSK, [sub]Secretary of State[/sub] | “They’ll never admit to this.”

| McGEORGE BUNDY, [sub]National Security Advisor[/sub] | “They won’t but, here it is — the nadir of Kremlin duplicity.”[/list]

| Mumbling chatter among the assembled 14 Cabinet room attendees, for the Soviets had installed surface-to-surface nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba — less than 100 miles from the American shores, and the CIA had projected the missiles had a range of 1,174 miles; capable of hitting much of the eastern seaboard, and could, if armed, reach Washington in approx. 13 minutes. |

[list]| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Mr. President, these canvas-covered missile trailers, here, next to the launchers . . . there’s about eight in total.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | How do you know this is a MRBM?”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “The length, Mr. President.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | The what? . . . Length?”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Yes Sir, the length has indicated to the Agency that these are in fact, medium-range ballistic missiles . . . We’ve spent the last 36 hours combing over all of this, thousands of images . . . every inch of western Cuba.“

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “With the Mann model?”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Ah, yes Mr. Secretary.”[/list]

| The Agency had discovered the Soviet ploy, with its assorted telltale cables that connected the spotted objections to a nearby oval grouping with the Mann Model 621 comparator. |

[list]| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “We had found that the missiles are identical to those displayed at parades in Red Square [in Moscow].”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | —When will these be ready to fire?”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “. . . We’re um, not sure Mr. President, that all depends on when the missiles are matted with their [Nuclear] warheads. Once that happens . . . a few hours.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | And the Soviets have?”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “They haven’t moved the warheads to the sites, no, not yet.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | How can we be sure.”

| ARTHUR LUNDAHL, [sub]CIA Chief Photointerpreter[/sub] | “Ah, there’s no secure storage facility yet at the sites, Mr. President.”


| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “Is there some reason to believe the warheads are not present and ergo not ready to fire?”[/list]

| McNAMARA, the computerlike mind, formerly head of the Ford Motor Company clicked away openly pondering the chances of a surprise attack. |

[list]| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “We still have time.”[/list]

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs off Staff spoke off, interjecting however. During the War, he had parachuted into Normandy and had commanded Allied forces during Berlin and Korea. |

[list]| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the JCS[/sub] | “There’s a risk in delay, the Soviets could shift their missiles to fire very quickly, and it seems apparent that most of the infrastructure is already set . . . It’s not a question of waiting for concrete pads.”

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “A first strike? Is that what you want?”

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the JCS[/sub] | “Would you rather be second?”

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “Second to what? Nothing right, because you know General—“

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the JCS[/sub] | “I know what it takes, Robert, and you know as well as I do that—“[/list]

| There began a heated back and forth TAYLOR and McNAMARA, as JOHNSON leaned over to LUTHER HODGES, Secretary of Commerce and a fellow Southerner, but from North Carolina — and whispered. |

[list]| LYNDON B. JOHNSON, [sub]Vice President[/sub] [sup](WHISPER)[/sup] | “. . . Khrushchev scared the Hyannisport prick fellow dead back in ’61.”[/list]

| JOHNSON had leaned back calmly almost as soon as he uttered that remark about The PRESIDENT, who remained seated across the table from him, worried and keeping internal anger checked from what was no doubt a betrayal by the Soviet leader. JOHNSON referred to Vienna, 1961 — where the Soviet leader had patronized the young American President, threatening to take West Berlin and lecturing him on “American mistakes” and boasting of the so-called “inevitable” triumph of Communism. |

[list][list][list]░░▒▒[/list][/list][/list]

| The PRESIDENT sat there, pondering to himself as the Cabinet discussed the matter at hand. |

[list]| ROBERT F. KENNEDY, [sub]The Attorney General[/sub] | “—Yes but the question is how do we respond?”

| McGEORGE BUNDY, [sub]National Security Advisor[/sub] | “You want to talk about everything from air strikes to an outright invasion, that’s quite a range—”

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the JCS[/sub] | “You can either knock most of them out, but never 100% . . . Mr. President, any action at all to begin with will result in—”

| ROBERT F. KENNEDY, [sub]The Attorney General[/sub] | “That’s high speculation, General.”

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the JCS[/sub] | “—Will result in an invasion. We need to shore up forces now . . . 150,000 men ready to land in Cuba a week after we conduct initial strikes.”

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “Jesus. Doesn’t someone want to fly Adlai [Stevenson II] in from New York?”

| DEAN RUSK, [sub]Secretary of State[/sub] | “Adlai knows, and he’s staying in Manhattan, confronting the Soviets at the U.N. and all that.”

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “So General, in the meantime the Soviets might launch one or two [nuclear] strikes on American soil.”

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the JCS[/sub] | “But nothing from Cuba.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT finally couldn’t take it as he suddenly stood up, and in a calm manner spoke off. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | Alright . . . We’re certainly going to do number one . . . We’re going to take those missiles out.”[/list]

| But without being any more specific, The PRESIDENT proceeded to walk onwards onto the West Colonnade, next to the Rose Garden and thus concluding the Cabinet room meeting. |

____________

[sub]¹ A Series: BRINKSMENSHIP, During the height of the Cold War in October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union nearly came to the brink of nuclear war over the installation of Soviet nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba. [/sub]

Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Los Estados Unidos De Suramerica, Cascadla, Ranponian, East Germany Ddr, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

The Malian Economy: Model and Overview

After much deliberation the Economic Planning Board would select the State-Capitalist Model to shape the Malian economy.

State Capitalist Model of Mali

•Agriculture:

The bedrock of the entire economy would be the agricultural sector. The average farm is around 3 hectares (7.4 acres) for small farms and 10 hectares (24.7 acres) for larger farms. While independent of government control, these farms would be in close cooperation with the state. The State-Owned Agricultural Bank of Mali would fund the majority of new ventures and expansions, while the Mali Wheat and Grain Board (MWGB) would regulate prices and purchase the majority of staple crops to prevent price distortion because of external markets. Prioritization of wheat, grains, vegetables, and beef would be central to the new economy and Mali would become self-sufficient in these. It would however become woefully insufficient in fruits, and luxury goods and cash crops like cocoa, citrus fruits, and sugarcane.

•State Owned Enterprises:

State Owned Enterprises would form the baseline of most vital industries. This would be to offer a public option for necessities and critical industries. This meant they often dominated their economic sectors. Telecoms, Food Processing, Banking, Infrastructure, Housing, Mining, Fertilizer/agrochemicals, Airlines, and Automobiles would be industries with notable state-owner enterprise domination. These SOEs would operate for moderate profits, balancing the social need with earning revenue.

The total number of SOE’s would

grow to around 70 directly administered by the government, and other 100 that were partially, or sizably owned and controlled by the state.

•Public-Private Partnerships:

As Mali would develop, it's industries would need to as well. One way the Malian government would not only reinforce its private local businesses, and shore up party support would be private-public partnerships. Malian states would request various public projects, the government would contract local businesses. Not only would this gain the government the support of the businesses, but also the constituents who would see an influx of jobs and public services. For businesses, they would establish a stable and steady customer, and endear themselves to local community members.

•Foreign Investment and Business:

The Malian economy would be pro-foreign investment and business. This would be mainly carried out through the establishment of Special Economic Zones. These SEZs would enjoy almost no customs duties and relaxed government market intervention. State Owned Enterprise and National Champion’s control would also be much less calcified in these areas. Banjul, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor, and Serekunda would be the big 4 Special Economic Zones, and where most foreign companies would concentrate.

•Tariffs:

Strategic Tariffs would be used to protect vital industries with the maximum ad valorem tax capping at around 60%. Initially, Agricultural products, and raw minerals would be the only protected goods; however, this would expand in the future to smaller electronic parts, packaged food and beverages, agricultural seed and chemicals, and steel.

•Taxes:

Tax rates would be relatively moderate, neither too high, or low. Corporate taxes at 20%, income taxes between 5-35%, VAT taxes at 10%, and Capital Gains Taxes factored into the 20% of Corporate Income Taxes.

•Labor Rights and Employee-Employer-State Tripartism:

A core tenant of the economy would be collaboration or tripartism. Employees rights would be upheld by a combination of trade unions and employees councils or syndicates. These syndicates would be directly elected from the shop floor and would have a voice in hiring, firing, and management of wages and hours. Trade unions operated more broadly advocating for industry and business wide practices. Laws would be put in place mandating employee councils/syndicates in businesses with over 50 employees, and employees could form councils in businesses with over 5 employees. Employers associations would act as industry wide organizations and be in charge of advocating and protecting pro-business interests. When these two sides could not agree the state would act as an arbitrator. On the national level the The Malian National Trade Union Congress and the Malian National Employers Association, would act as national advocates and collaborate with each other, and the government on economic policy.

•Welfare:

The Malian state would struggle with relatively moderate poverty rates (Around 20% or 1 in 5 Malians would fall beneath the poverty line by the modern day). The state embraces a policy of workfare. Under this policy, the government would require those desiring welfare to provide proof of actively seeking, or currently working a job. Further, recipients would be required to accept whatever jobs/public work programs are made available. So welfare would be made to supplement income where jobs fell short, while those who refused work would be pushed to look for charity and local aid networks.

Special exemptions were made for retirees, and the disabled. Retirees would have a joint-funded employer-employee or private pension plan. Disabled people who absolutely could not work any job, would be granted welfare.

•Main Industries:

Mining, Ore Processing, Consumer Electronics, Food Processing, Leather Goods, Textiles, Construction, Automobiles, Aeroplanes, Oil and Gas Refining, Chemicals, Agricultural Equipment Construction

•Main Exports:

Clothing and Textiles, Shoewear, Aircrafts and Parts, Automobiles and Parts, Consumer Electronics, Agricultural Chemicals, Agricultural Equipment, Petroleum Products, Grains, Meat, Vegetables, Processed Foods, Beverages, Steel, Minerals (Bauxite, Manganese, and Titanium especially)

•Main Imports:

Transistors, Crude Petroleum, Natural Gas, Fruit, Telecommunications Equipment, Industrial Electronics, Heavy Machinery, Automobile and Aeroplane Parts

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Brexasko

[sub]✭ REPUBLIQUE DU DAHOMEY ✭[/sub]

[sup]1962[/sup]

-------------------------

[pre]LE ROI DES MERCENAIRES[/pre]

[list][list][sub]| The coup that took place in Dahomey was significant for many reasons, however one of the most important being one of the first ever involvements of foreign mercenaries, one of the first of its kinds in Africa, possibly ushering in a new era of the foreign warlord. However these foreign mercs seem to have not been content with just helping Kerekou, they want to control their newly inaugurated territory. To this end, 'Le Roi Des Mercenaires' Bob Denard, a 30 something jovial Frenchman who was the main leader of the mercenary effort, has offered Kerekou a deal that he might not be able to refuse. | [/sub]

[sub]| Offering to head a 500-man presidential guard, a large majority of whom are foreign mercenaries, Denard will coup proof Kerekou will advising him on affairs and ensuring that Dahomey's military establishment is well guarded against revolutionary threat. This deal proved too tempting to the young Kerekou, who accepted on the spot and unofficially appointed Denard as his military advisor and head of the Presidential Guard. Furthermore, Denard has been tasked with training military officers. | [/sub]

[sub]| Such arrangement is unique and never seen before, and many questions will arise over how this arrangment will function in reality. However the one thing that is for certain is that Denard has become a quite rich and powerful man, and that Kerekou will host a very dangerous arrangment. Nonetheless, Kerekou is cunning and smart and has shown flair in his ability to rise up the ranks quickly, so its unlikely that Denard will be able to treat Kerekou lightly. With Dahomey set to become the Mercenary Haven of West Africa, its future is shaping up to be a unique one | [/sub]

Paramountica, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Tallahan, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan

Post by Ran Polity suppressed by Paramountica.

Ran Polity

I every body anifing hapend to day ?

East Germany Ddr

Post by Osivoii suppressed by Paramountica.

Osivoii

Ran Polity wrote:I every body anifing hapend to day ?

For real

[pre] T H E S I L E N T S T A R [/pre]

[sub]| On August 3, 2000, the Soviet satellite Kosmos 3590 received a radio emission that originated from the planet Venus. Enlisting the aid of the world's top linguists, mankind was able to decipher a distress signal. After many months of negotiation and preparation, an international crew was put together to travel to Venus and investigate the source of the message. Aboard the Kosmokrator, the vessel chosen to make the perilous journey, are the greatest minds of the 21st century. Their names are Raimund Brinkmann, Talua, Sumiko Ogimura, Sołtyk, Arsenyev, Sikarna, Chen Yu, and Harringway Hawling. |[/sub]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1925008

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Astarina, Arcanda, Lieobria, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Nileia, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan

OCTOBER,1962

Implementation of Tax Incentives

______________________________________________

| To provide an incentive for investing privateers to build more factories in Brunei.President Hadif would meet with his Pegawai of Finance,Airyl.They would discuss how they would create an incentive for privateers to invent in constructing factories and they created their "Program Insentif Cukai Telisai" |

| The program created to provide an incentive would,see that the state of Telisai would become the home of Brunei industrial sector.How it would work is:

[List]-Privateers investing in creation of factories in the Telisai,state are allowed to deduct the expenses of construction and installation of equipment from their tax

-Factory's will receive a 0.5% reduction in taxes,per every 100 citizen of the Telisai state,employed in their factory. |[/list]

| However it won't just be that simple,as to ensure that the rest of Telisai is improved as well.To qualify for the program.The privateers have to invest 2% of the funds being allocated towards the factory,towards the development of the local infrastructure.However to ensure that the factory's built in Telisai are in optimal conditions,the privateer has to ensure that the factory's are in optimal condition for 5 years,then they will receive a bonus,of a 3% reduction in the maintenance taxes of the factory.But once the factory is no longer considered within that optimal range by any inspectors.That 3% reduction in taxes would be revoked,until they can bring the state of the factory back to optimal conditions. |

| However,if the privateer can prove that the state of their income cannot support the renovation of the factory,by showing the local government officials,their financial records.The local government would assume control of the factory,to keep it operational.Until,another privateer comes by and purchases it.With the purchasing of the factory being kept at the price of 1000 Bruneian dollars and is only to be adjusted according to inflation.However before the privateer can purchase it,they will be shown the maintenance expenses,so they can verify if they are ready to take on the financial burden. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan

[list][list][list][pre]STATUS CIVITATIS VATICANAE

VATICAN CITY STATE

THE HOLY SEE[/pre][/list]

______

SECRETARY OF STATE OF HIS HOLINESS: POPE JOHN XXIII OPENS VATICAN II COUNCIL IN ROME

[sub]VATICAN CITY | ROME, OCTOBER MCMLXII[/sub][/list]

[sub]| SECRETARIUS STATUS SANCTITATIS SUAE - | Telstar provided the ceremony's pomp and splendor, including a close-up shot of the Pope's joyous but worn-out face. The bishops, patriarchs, and abbots that marched into St. Peter's to begin history's largest religious council, however, were not what truly awed many present at last week's inauguration of Vatican Council II. Instead, it was their diversity, implied power, and sheer numbers that truly struck observers.[/sub]

[sub]Paul Etoga, a husky African bishop from Mbalmayo in Cameroon, squandered all of his money on travel to Rome and arrived at the Vatican starving. John Wright, a bishop from Pittsburgh, is seen by many lay Roman Catholics as the future cardinal of the United States. There was a former count (Ernesto Sena de Oliveira of Portugal) and a former fisherman (Rufino Cardinal Santos of Manila). The Primate of Communist Poland, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, was present and he lifted a finger to his lips to silence the crowd. They numbered 2,700 in total and were the spiritual advisers to 650 million people. A gilded throne with a white silk canopy that sparkled in the sunlight was also carried at the back of the procession. Pope John XXIII was seated atop it, turning from side to side and continuously blessing the bobbling heads below him with his right hand.[/sub]

[sub]Even though nearly the whole church hierarchy was present in St. Peter's Square, there were several noticeable omissions. Josef Cardinal Mindszenty remained in a chamber on the second floor of the American embassy in Budapest throughout the entirety of his sixth year of refuge. Red China was not represented. Only three of the 19 Czechoslovaks and 21 of the 51 Poles turned up. However, all of East Germany's delegations and the majority of those from Yugoslavia showed up, which Pope John XXIII interpreted as a sign of improved ties between Rome and the communist world. Bishop Petras Mazelis was dispatched by Lithuania, a predominantly catholic nation that has been cut off from Rome for many years. The Orthodox hierarchy in Moscow dispatched two observers to the first official meeting between the Catholic and Orthodox churches in five centuries. The Greek Orthodox hierarchy was incensed by this division in the Orthodox community and became much more adamant in its determination to withhold observers than it had previously been.[/sub]

[sub]After entering St. Peter's, Pope John ascended to his throne beneath Bernini's baldacchino, or, as he put it in his speech following the opening religious services, "beside St. Peter's tomb," rather briskly. He communicated the council's goals to the bishops in precise Latin. The important thing, he declared, "is not a discussion of one article or another of the fundamental doctrines of the church that have been repeatedly taught by the fathers and the ancient and modern theologians." However, even convening a council implies change, and the Pope hesitantly offered the form of that change. "The whole world expects a step forward toward a doctrinal penetration... studied and expounded through the research methods and through the literary forms of modern thought." He effectively allowed a new interpretation of theology while acknowledging the importance of modern Biblical studies. The 28 non-Catholic Christian observers were even closer to the Pope's throne than the bishops, and he spoke to them about the "visible unity in truth" of Christians as well as Catholicism's efforts "to have men welcome the good tidings of salvation more favorably and prepare and consolidate the path toward unity of mankind."[/sub]

[sub]The representatives sent by 86 governments to the council were gathered in front of the Pope the following day in the Sistine Chapel. G. Frederick Reinhardt, the American ambassador to Italy, was also present. John pointed really at the magnificent fresco by Michelangelo depicting The Last Judgment. The seriousness of it, he continued, "gives one much food for thought." "We and all heads of state who are accountable for the well-being of nations must in fact give an account to God." He urged countries to "make the sacrifices that are necessary to save the world's peace" and stated, "Let them give attention to the agonized scream of 'Peace, peace,' which rises up to heaven from every region of the world." John remarked, "It's time for something decisive to be done."[/sub]

[sub]The Vatican Curia was immediately informed that this was to be a council of all the church fathers as the council went to work. When given a list of 16 candidates for the first of ten commissions created by the Curia, Achilles Cardinal Lienart of Lille—the second-oldest cardinal in point of service—said, "These lists are very nice, but they do not tell us anything about the qualifications of these men." He then demanded more information. Josef Cardinal Frings of Cologne, the meeting's chair, adjourned the meeting pending these. The importance was obvious. The Italian Curia, which had already proven its parliamentary prowess, would not rule over the liberal minority. It was obvious that Vatican II would serve as the church's actual parliament. |[/sub][/list]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto,

Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐄

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Iosheyya

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Astarina, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan

Paramountica, Lieobria, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Cheezaslovakia, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Novo Porto Alegre

Post by Kewtpuff suppressed by Paramountica.

Kewtpuff

Ran Polity wrote:I every body anifing hapend to day ?

sum ting happen 2 day 4 sure

[list][list]OCTOBER 1962[/list]

[list][list]FIM DO SISTEMA PARLAMENTARISTA!

[pre]END OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM![/pre][/list][/list]

[pre] O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O [/pre]

THE RETURN TO PRESIDENTIALISM

[sub]BRASÍLIA, FEDERAL DISTRICT, Brazil Toucan — MORNINGTIME[/sub]

| From the beautiful beaches of Rio de Janeiro to the highest and rainiest regions of the Amazon, more than 10 million Brazilians went to the polls to decide which system of government the country would adopt. In September 1961, Brazil’s conservatives imposed a parliamentary system to remove Vice President JOÃO (“JANGO”) GOULART from the government, considered by many to be a dangerous demagogue and leftist. By a 5-to-1 margin, Brazilians rendered a vote of no confidence in the parliamentary system and ordered a return to presidentialism. Brazil’s President SARAH KUBITSCHEK spent months campaigning against the parliamentary government, which drastically reduced the President’s powers. Responsibility for running the country rested with Congress, the Cabinet and the Prime Minister. But congressional leaders became embroiled in endless political wrangling as Brazil’s already severe inflation worsened. Prime Minister followed Prime Minister and U.S. investors, frightened by Brazil’s instability, stopped investing, resulting in a drop from $266 million in 1961 to $62 million this year. To prevent foreign investors from distancing themselves from Brazil, President KUBITSCHEK pressured congressmen to accept the plebiscite, so that the country could once again have a strong government. |

| GOULART’s return to Brazil’s Vice President position would give President KUBITSCHEK peace of mind, as she has become quite unpopular with leftists because of her pro-U.S. foreign policy. Some rumors say that GOULART has plans to visit China, but this may be prevented by the President, as this could weaken Brazil’s relations with the West. When he proposed his Independent Foreign Policy, Sarah declined as it is important to her that Brazil is on the side of the United States [sup]Paramountica[/sup], United Kingdom [sup]Great Britain Gb[/sup], West Germany [sup]New Provenance[/sup] and France [sup]Metropolitan Francais[/sup]. But GOULART is still considered a man of strong influence. In the 1955 presidential elections, he obtained more votes for the vice-presidency than JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK for the presidency. Once again, GOULART was given control of the Ministries of Labor and Agriculture. In the 1960 presidential race, defending the nationalization of energy companies, foreign banks and meat-packing houses, he won the vice-presidency for a second time. |

| President KUBITSCHEK and her allies are working hard to resolve the mess left by Brazil’s prime ministers, while continuing their foreign policy of “being America’s friend.” President JOHN F. KENNEDY sent his brother BOBBY to Brasília to tell the Brazilian government in no uncertain terms that the U.S. could not help a nation unable to pull itself out of political and economic chaos. SARAH tries to rein in Brazil’s ruined economy. Kubitschek’s three-year economic program was drawn up by CELSO FURTADO, 42, a brilliant Brazilian economist. Her Minister of Planning projects a 7% annual increase in Brazil’s GDP. Manufacturing will grow by 11.2% annually, transport facilities by 8.8%, agricultural production by 5.7%. The program will require an investment of $4 billion between now and 1965, of which private industry is expected to contribute two-thirds and government one-third. Brazil intends to help itself by reducing internal budget deficits; taxes will be raised, government spending will be reduced, subsidies on consumer goods will be eliminated. But Brazil will still need financial help from abroad, and for that, of course, it looks to America. Encouraged by KUBITSCHEK’s new signs of responding seriously to Brazil’s financial problems, the U.S. announced an emergency credit of $30 million to help Brazil. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Ranponian, East Germany Ddr, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Maziya, Ma-Li

Post by Spicy Berries suppressed by Metropolitan Francais.

Spicy Berries

ESDFCVGBHNJOKPIJHUYGFTDRDTYCUJNKJHVGCFYXDXTYCFUGVHJ

JBHVGCXYCTFGVHBJKLKJHGYFTRDYTUVIBNKNBHVGUFCXDCFVGBHJNKJBGVFCDCGVBHJ

NBVCGFTHJUJHMNB FDGXFGVCXFDGJKLKL:OKMIJNBHGCGFRDTFRTGBNJKL

VGFCVHHBJVCXDCTVUBGHNMKLKJKNB JHGCFHKJMKNHUBYVFGCXFDFCVGBUYNH GCTFGHNGBFVCDTFRCDVB

BGCVFGHJKHJHGFVCRXSDFRTGHYGUGFVDCRXERSRDFTGHYUJHUYGTFRDESDRFDTGYFHJKL

[list][pre]October, 1962

Watoto Church on Sir Samuel Baker Road, Northern Province, Uganda[/pre][/list]

[list][list]HOME RULE IN GULU AT LAST[/list][/list]

The political demonstrations, the whispers in the streets, the complete mobilization of the populace against the colonial occupation, and the movement in the shadows, had all come to an end. The cries for liberty had at last been heard, the British East Africa colonies were now on the brink of achieving home rule in their homelands. This has been a long time coming, First The Egyptians and South African colonies had gained independence, followed by the Sudanese and West African colonies in the 50s, by the arrival of the 60s the French colonies had all gained independence and broken the chains that tied it to France. The wars of Kenyan and Algerian independence had stayed restless in the last number of years, contributing to the growth of resistance sentiment within various colonies, such as the colony of Uganda, where the National Congress and other Nilo nationalist groups had been stocking up on weapons and preparing for what Milton Obote feared would be a breakdown in negotiations for independence.

Nevertheless, the will of the people and the good act of democracy have surpassed that of fear and worry. The people were now celebrating and cheering on the streets of Ugandan cities from Jinja to Mbale and back to Gulu. Just earlier in the month, the British Parliament would officially approve and pass the “Uganda Independence Act”, effectively ending direct rule from London on the Ugandan colony and altering its status to that of an independent state. The right to sovereignty and home rule had at last come to the Ugandan people and their capital in Gulu.

Whilst Governor General of the Ugandan Colony Walter Coutts would retain his title as governor-general in the new government, his powers in the executive decision-making and command of the Ugandan government would be greatly reduced, with all those powers now reserved for the office of the Prime Minister, to which Milton Obote would take the oath of office becoming the highest ranking civil servant of native origin. Along with Governor Coutts, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second also retains her position as the head of state and monarch of Uganda, given that the Act allowed for Uganda to be a dominion of the crown with the powers of home rule, such as that of Canada, Australia, and other close realms of the Imperial commonwealth.

As head of government, Prime Minister Obote would move quickly to establish a cabinet for his executive office, as well as the planning out a convention for the establishment of a new constitution for the nation of Uganda. The most notable member of this cabinet was Defense Minister Idi Amin, whom Obote was warned about by the Coutts administration, though Obote would pay no mind to the Governor or his concerns to undermine the role and part of the Governor General in the government.

With Tanganyika having gained its independence the year prior, Uganda and Buganda both getting their independence as well at the same time following a state visit by Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, and Kenya on its way to gain its independence at some point in the coming years, it had seemed like the winds of change were indeed blowing through this continent. The last symbol of British imperialism on the African continent was now being snuffed out, both by economic woes following the war, and overwhelming desire for nationhood from the native populations. Yet, Europe’s tight hold on colonial possessions and the atrocious wars to maintain them seem to show no signs of yielding. Algeria still struggled with the tyrannical boots of the French government, and freedom fighters in Angola and Guinea-Bissau still struggled to kick out the Portuguese occupations in their homelands, making the future of Africans seem bleak and dark. Just how much real change were the winds carrying to Africa’s shores?

[list]For God and My Country[/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Post by Tiernesia suppressed by Paramountica.

Tiernesia

OCTOBER,15,1962

Victoria Province, Rhodesia or Known as Tiernesia

[With election to the newly formed Rhodesian\Tiernesian Front, Political Uproar was at a all time high due to Civil Disobedience and Unrest at a all time high. When the RF rejected the UFP’s Plan to end the Racial Apartheid, which resulted in political backlash and more arguments, as by another issue of the Land Apportionment Act, which the UFP contested to be Repealed but this would be heard on death ears. By the RF and other White Political Groups]

(The UFP contested the 1962 general election on a ticket of racial "partnership", whereby blacks and whites would work together. However this wanted to repeal the Land Apportionment Act, which defined certain areas of the land as eligible for purchase only by blacks, how ever this failed due to the “Rhodesian Front” upturning the Vote, by a major landslide by the White settlers as they seem to have more freedom)

[Prelude To the "Tiernesian Bush War" Part (1/5)]

Saudi Arabiyah

[list]1765 – October 1962

[sub]Nepal – The Asal Hindustan, birthplace of Buddha and Sita, and the last Hindu Kingdom in the world.[/sub][/list]

[sub]While the history of Nepal stretches back over 11,000 years, the Nepal as we know it began in 1765 with the establishment of the Gorkha kingdom by Prithvi Narayan Shah. From 1765 to 1768, Prithvi Narayan Shah started unifying all the lands and states and ethnicities of Nepal, and it’s varied land, split into mountains, and of Hindu and Buddhist majority areas, into the Kingdom Nepal and Prithvi Narayan Shah became the first King (Mahārājdhirāja) of Nepal and the Shah dynasty became the royal house of Nepal (which still ruled Nepal to this day). King Prithvi then went on to expand his new kingdom and annexed a large area of Bhutan and Tibet. His designs were later put to action by his successors but their attempts hit a roadblock at the advent of the 19th century when the British East India Company got apprehensive of their expansions and took them head on. The kingdom was soundly humiliated and routed in the Anglo-Nepalese war of 1816 and they had to agree to some of the very insulting terms, on the negotiation table in which they were forced to conceded the entire Gadhwal and Kumaon region to the British India.[/sub]

[sub]Factionalism and constant fighting amongst Prithvi Narayan’s descendents lead to the Kot Massacre in 1846, during which General Jung Bahadur Rana seized power of the government and had himself proclaimed Prime Minister for life as well as assuming the title Maharajah. The rightful royal family of Nepal, the Shah dynasty, were reduced to virtual figureheads and this started the century long conflict between the Shahs and Ranas, the descendants of Jung Bahadur. relations with British India were improved when Jung Bahadur assisted in quelling the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) of 1857 with Gurkha troops. In 1923 Nepal was recognized as an independent kingdom by Great Britain, but remained a strong ally of Great Britain as it had sent many troops to help Great Britain in WWI, which helped spread the Spanish flu back to Nepal. Nepal saw it’s Ranas autocratic regime end slavery under British interference, but the regime kept Nepal in poverty and did not develop much.[/sub]

[sub]When Britain withdrew from India in 1947-1948, the support of the Rana government was weakened and In 1950, King Tribhuvan fled to India and later lead in the democratic movement of the Nepali Congress Party and B.P. Koirala against the Rana government which ended in the return of the Shah family to power and the appointment of a non-Rana as prime minister following a tri-partite agreement signed called Delhi Compromise. A period of quasi-constitutional rule followed, during which the monarch, assisted by the leaders of fledgling political parties, governed the country. During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model. A 10-member cabinet under Prime Minister Mohan Shumsher with 5 members of the Rana family and 5 of the Nepali Congress was formed. This government drafted a constitution called the Interim Government Act which was the first constitution of Nepal. But this government failed to work in consensus as the Ranas and Congressmen were never on good terms. So, on 16 November 1951, the king formed a new government of 14 ministers under Matrika Prasad Koirala, which was later dissolves.[/sub]

[sub]In 1955 King Tribhuvan died and was succeeded by his 35 years old son, King Mahendra. King Mahendra then went on reducing Indian influence in Nepal by firing all Indian that were on his advisory board and replace them with competent Nepalese. He then went on to established the Nepal Rastra Bank and declared that the Nepalese rupee be the only currency to be used to buys and sells items, making the Indian rupee useless. Mahendra then made the Nepalese language the only official language of the kingdom and order that all schools to teach Nepalese only, he also change jobs and governmental appointment requirements for only hiring people who know the Nepalese as the primary language only. This helped greatly reduced the use of the Indian language in the country. Finally, King Mahendra sent all Indian troops that were stationed near the border to China back home to India. All of this decision and actions removed Indian influences and intelligences in Nepal. The first democratic elections in Nepal were held in 1959, and B. P. Koirala was elected prime minister. However, King Mahendra decided to declare parliamentary democracy a failure and carried out a royal coup 18 months later on December 15, 1960. He dismissed the elected Koirala government, declared that a "partyless" Panchayat system would govern Nepal. Subsequently, the elected prime minister, members of parliament and hundreds of democratic activists were arrested. Now two years later in the new Panchayat system of government, King Mahendra made a new plans that will be implemented within two months, a plan on establishing a new constitution that will cement the Panchayat system of government and royal rule, but also introduce new stuffs that will forever be iconic and will be associated with Nepal.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"Let’s defeat anger with love, quarrel with harmony & darkness with light.”

— Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Ranponian, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][pre]T H E K I N G D O M O F S I K H I M • འ བྲ ས་ ལྗོ ང ས[/pre][/list]

MOUNTAIN PASS BLAST PLANS SHELVED INDEFINITELY IN LIGHT OF CHINESE SECURITY CONCERNS

[list][sup]WHAT SHADOWS PARADISE

NOVEMBER 1962[/sup][/list]

Aiming to fasten tighter the ancestral Sikhimo-Tibetan ties that underscore Himalayan politics, the offices of the Chogyal had long hoped to blast through several crucial mountain passes between Sikhim and Tibet to enable expanded travel and commerce on smoother, more accessible roads. Owing to their proximity to the Sikhimese capital of Gangtok, Jelep La (“shepherd’s bronze pass”) and Nathu La (“whistling pass”) had been prime candidates for such blasting, and foreign firms (chiefest among them the American Bechtel Corporation) had been in talks with the government to undertake these projects as late as 1962. However, with guerilla warfare in the aftermath of the 1959 Tibetan uprising subsiding—and the Chinese occupation of Tibet apparently becoming a long-term reality—the Chogyal officially dismissed all talks for pass-blasting in November 1962. A virtual dependency of India, Sikhim could scarcely dare to deepen ties with communist China, nor did it feel inclined to do so after the Tibet debacle. India had been a merciful neighbor in helping to relocate Nepali settlers foisted by the British Empire on the region, but with Sino-Indian tensions boiling over in the eastern Himalayas, there seemed little room to demonstrate any kind of disloyalty to the adjacent Republic.

Indeed, the culmination of those tensions in armed contests at Namka Chu and elsewhere had been subjects of great anxiety in Sikhim, whose ruling class had traditionally hoped to secure an independent Buddhist Sikhim between—but firmly secure from—Chinese and Indian influence. Increasingly, it seemed that either side might make an armed foray into the minute Kingdom to ‘secure’ it, bound to be successful in their attempt or in prompting their opposite to occupy Sikhim themselves.

Paramountica, Victoria Harbor, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Neepal, Maziya, Brazil Toucan

OCTOBER,1962

The Last Straw For López

______________________________________________

[U]The Usual Congress Atmosphere

| López would once again convene with the Andean Congress to discuss to passing of his new reform that is centered around diversifying the economy.So that Andes does not become overly reliant on,one sector of its economy. |

| The atmosphere of the congress is still very cold towards López,despite for all of López previous reforms.While López,only wants the best for Andes moving forwards he still continues to believe that the congress does not have the best intentions of the nation future in mind. |

[U]The Economic Reform

| The reform,would be a extensive list of things that would be implemented,to attempt at diversifying the nation economy.They are as follows:

[List]

• Provide subsidies to opening factory's

• Newly opened manufacturing factory's,will have a reduce tax payment of 5% for 3 years

• factory owners,can take out a low interest loan as long as it's to improve the factory

• Simplify the process,in which a company could register for a licence and permit

• Create two industrial cluster zones to promote competitiveness,by facilitating knowledge sharing

-one in Arequipa,named Parque Industrial de Arequipa

-one in Cochabamba,named Parque Industrial de Cochabamba

• Creation of vocational schools for those who have finished their high school education.This is to create more skilled workers

• Opening of two,one acre of forest land that can have their trees be cut down but after being cut down must have their saplings be replanted.

-one will be opened in Alto Mayo and another in Cochabamba

-This is done to provide the woodworking industry with a stable amount of trees that can be cut down,while retaining a sustainable forest

-The acre,will be outlined with a 7 foot tall wall to keep the public out and to ensure that they cut the trees inside of the acre

• Fishermen are allowed to use their fish as bargaining tools only in markets

-the idea is to promote a very good privilege of being a fisherman to then create more fishermen. |[/List]

| While there would be most certainly negatives to his reform proposal.He ([I]López[/I]) would only preach about the positive aspect that it would not only,strengthen the economy but prevent it from becoming fragile and prone to collapse.Which is something he is afraid of,as Andes economy is heavily dominated by the mining and agricultural sectors of economy. |

[U]The Verdict Of Congress

| Despite for what,was proposed and how López presented it,as a major positive for the nation moving forwards.The proposal was rejected by an overwhelming 76% of members in congress. |

| While López left the room,in a respectful and polite manner.Within López,is a growing desire to bring an end to the last,democratic institution in Andes,and that desire has hit its boiling point and is ready to leak out of the pot. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan

Post self-deleted by Cheezaslovakia.

Post self-deleted by Cheezaslovakia.

Blurb from Channel 9 Bulgarian News about gaining Independence

November 1st | 1 ноември 1962

The People's Republic of Bulgaria

Народна република България

Bulgaria Independent after 31 Years of Soviet Control

България независима след 31 години съветски контрол

| It was in the year 1931, 19 years after WW1 Bulgaria formally the Kingdom of Bulgaria, Was captured by the USSR and became completely a part of the USSR. But now in November 1962 the USSR officially gave Bulgaria Independence. As of now, Bulgaria has officially declared continued support of the USSR by joining Comecon and the Warsaw Pact. Due to this agreement with the increase of State Atheism in the Communist nations, It is unsure if Bulgaria will be complying with these laws or if they will allow a continuation of Eastern Orthodox as the national religion. As for politics a new leader, Gavrill Kuzmin, has been put in place to lead Bulgaria in these joyful times. Hopefully, he will lead the great Bulgarian nation to victory and not surrender. More news will come soon as a speech has been scheduled for November 15th. Here at Channel 9, we all wish you a very blessed day.|

Thank you and goodnight.

благодаря ти и лека нощ

Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Maziya, Brazil Toucan

[list]OCTOBER 1962

[sub]In a Bad Fix[/sub][/list]

[pre] B R I N K S M E N S H I P ¹ [/pre]

[list][sub][pre]This government, as promised, has maintained

the closest surveillance of the Soviet military

buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past

week, unmistakable evidence has established

the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is

now in preparation on that imprisoned island.[/pre][/sub]

[pre]BRINK OF A MISSILE CRISIS.

A NAVAL QUARANTINE.[/pre]

[sup]. . . The Caribbean was in the midst of hurricane season. For a mock invasion on Cuba, more than 40 American warships were sailing toward the Puerto Rican island of Vieques. The approaching naval task force changed direction when Hurricane Ella's winds reached 80 knots per hour to stay clear of the worst of the storm. Plans for a 4,000-man Marine amphibious landing were postponed . . .[/sup][/list]

OVAL OFFICE, WEST WING, THE OVAL OFFICE — 09:45

[sub]WASHINGTON D.C., Paramountica[/sub]

[pre]FRIDAY the 19th of OCTOBER 1962.[/pre]

| Since being informed on Tuesday, the week had passed without relief — The PRESIDENT leafed through the most recent batches of intelligence reports provided by the [Central Intelligence] Agency as the Joint Chiefs of Staff GENERALS filed into the oval office, taking their seats on the dual sofas as The PRESIDENT sat in his wooden rocking chair with its back facing the Resolute Desk. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Appears to be ah, ominous by the day.”

| DoD STAFFER, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff[/sub] | “Mr. President, beyond the original sites—”[/list]

| A Joint Chiefs PENTAGON STAFFER rolls out the printouts of another round of Lockheed U-2 photographs. |

[list]| DoD STAFFER, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff[/sub] | “—in Pinar del Rio, the U-2s have also uncovered a second cluster . . . here, in the center of the island.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “And they too can house—?”

| DoD STAFFER, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff[/sub] | “IRBMs, yes, with the capability of hitting targets nearly 28k miles away, double the range of the uh— first MRBMs we had discovered on the 14th.”

| ADM. GEORGE W. ANDERSON, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | NAVY[/sub] | “Less of an immediate threat, no bigger missiles have arrived on Cuban shores, but the original 14th site is processing rapidly.”

| GEN. MAXWELL TAYLOR, [sub]Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)[/sub] | “The Agency has confirmed to us, three different missile regiments on the island . . . each with 8 missile launchers, making 24 in total.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT flips through the Agency intelligence report. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Ah, let’s see here . . . Two of these are operational, and their missiles could be launched within the timeframe of . . . 18 hours, and yield within the low megaton range.”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “We approximate around 2-5 megatons.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT most certainly didn’t look forward to this meeting, since the Bay of Pigs fiasco, he had set that the GENERALS tended to mislead him, and most of all mistrustful of GEN. CURTIS LeMay, the Air Force’s Chief, the cigar-chomping world war hero, who had under his belt America’s nuclear arsenal via the Strategic Air Command (SAC) at The PRESIDENT’s discretion, of course. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “The Agency reports say 3 Megatons exact as the maximum, General.”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “I’d prefer to use a range, Mr. President.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Well . . . either way ah, if I were Khrushchev, an ah . . . attack on Cuba would no doubt be followed by a Soviet attack on West Berlin . . . which leads me with the only other alternative.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT slumped a bit in his rocking chair as he huffed off the inevitability of an attack on NATO soil. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Firing nuclear weapons, the bomb, a hell of an alternative.”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “Nonsense, Mr. President.”[/list]

| LeMAY retorted to The PRESIDENT, as The PRESIDENT along with the rest of the assembled GENERALS turned to face LeMAY. |

[list]| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “The other way around, Sir . . . Not taking firm action in Cuba would only encourage the Soviets to try their luck in Berlin . . . This ‘naval blockade’ idea . . . will only sent a fatal message, its weakness.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “General, now here, I ah disagree with that accession, as a matter of fact—”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “—It’ll lead right to war, almost as bad as the appeasement at Munich.”[/list]

| There was a stunned silence around the Oval Office, as The PRESIDENT just blinked for a few moments at LeMAY’s audacious insult — in reference Ambassador JOSEPH P. KENNEDY, the father of JFK . . . who had during his time working in the Court of St. James [London] had advocated of a policy of negotiation with the fascists of Europe in the late 1930s and early 1940s — While the PRESIDENT had launched his own political aspirations with anti-appeasement efforts, LeMAY asserted the Kennedy son would be like the Kennedy father. |

[list]| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “Mr. President . . . The United States enjoys numerical advantage over the Soviets, overwhelmingly so. We have approximately 20,000, they can barely clear 2,000. Khrushchev may bluster and shout and threaten, but he has no interest in provoking a nuclear war that he’s bound to lose.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “You’re talking about the destruction of a country, General.”

| ROBERT McNAMARA, [sub]Secretary of Defense[/sub] | “We’ve ought to avoid spasm responses, you can drown in 10 feet of water or 10,000, what’s the difference? A nuclear exchange is a net zero for everybody. 70 million Americans could—”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “—70 a lot better than over 200 all gone.”[/list]

| LeMAY quipped at McNAMARA, before turning to The PRESIDENT. |

[list]| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “You’re in a pretty bad fix at the moment.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “What did you say?”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “You’re in a pretty bad fix.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “. . . Yes we are General, because you’re in there with me.”[/list]

| LeMAY just snarked off a soft laugh, clearly loving the internal anger back as the PRESIDENT sustained his own serious expression. |

[list]| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “We’ll be ready to attack at moments notice, Mr. President . . . Sunday at dawn, but Tuesday would be optimal.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT just kept starring at LeMAY, before standing up and walking out of the Oval Office with McNAMARA following soon after, leaving the GENERALS to themselves. |

░░▒▒

| DAVID M. SHOUP, a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Commandant of the Marine Corps was the first to give a heartily chuckle to LeMAY. |

[list]| GEN. DAVID M. SHOUP, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | MARINES[/sub] | “You, you sure did pull the rug right from under him, Curtis.”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “Jesus Christ, what the hell do you mean?”[/list]

| LeMAY responded in that exciting tone one gives when they want more and more praise. |

[list]| GEN. DAVID M. SHOUP, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | MARINES[/sub] | “Those politicians, they want everything piecemeal . . . that Hyannisport snob is more worried about his image in the history books than whether or not that future will be red or free.”

| GEN. GEORGE H. DECKER, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | ARMY[/sub] | “And the Soviets know that, we can either go in and swing missiles around, or we’ll go in with nothing and we’re screwed.”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “That’s right.”

| GEN. DAVID M. SHOUP, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | MARINES[/sub] | “You’re screwed, screwed, and that’s it. They win by first strikes.”[/list]

WEST COLONNADE, WEST WING, THE OVAL OFFICE — 19:00

[sub]WASHINGTON D.C., Paramountica[/sub]

| It was in the October evening, after a dinner with the Senatorial leadership as The PRESIDENT walked alongside DAVE POWERS, the POTUS’ personal assistant and friend along the West Colonnade of the West Wing, lined with the Rose Garden and flanked by the Cabinet Room and Oval Office. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “I’m ah, unconvinced by the Generals proclamations, their blithe reassurances that Khrushchev would somehow fail to react to the bombardment of his missile sites . . . These brass hats have one huge advantage however . . .”

| DAVE POWERS, [sub]POTUS Assistant[/sub] | “And what’s that, Jack?”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “. . . If we listen to them, as they so desire ah— and do what they want us to do . . . none of us will be around to tell ‘em they’re were wrong.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT and DAVE POWERS continued to walk along the West Colonnade. |

____________

[sub]¹ A Series: BRINKSMENSHIP, During the height of the Cold War in October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union nearly came to the brink of nuclear war over the installation of Soviet nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba. [/sub]

Spainard, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

A Legacy of Failure: The End of the West Indies Dream

November 6, 1962

| Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw sat despondently in his office. Outside he could hear the chaos in the Prime Minister's Residence. He had ignored the knocking and calls of his underlings, fellow politicians, and even British officials.

Despite all his hopes, and his dreams the referendum had failed. By the closest margin of 51% Against to 48% for, the people had spoken.

Low turnout, large amounts of apathy, and general rejection of Pan-Caribbean Nationalism had made the chance of victory slim and the differences proved insurmountable.

Even Alexander Bustamante, his tenuous ally from Jamaica, had defected taking his party with him, effectively scuttling any potential salvaging of the West Indies Federation. In his final moments, Bradshaw and the Labour Party attempted to form an alliance with the National Party, and those that had supported Grantley Adams ideas, yet this would merely drive the Trinidad-Tobago, and Jamaican voters to vote even more in favor of leaving.

There were a couple of options left to Bradshaw, the British Governor-General Patrick Buchan-Hepburn offered to send in the garrisons, suppress the nationalists, and force the union together. This was flatly rejected, not only would it cause an international scandal, but the British would mostly like to remove Hepburn, and Bradshaw and arrest both for treason. The second choice was presented by Grantley Adams, always racist and nationalist, Adams believed the Federation should consist of the 11 British territories, forming the Little 11. This idea was narrowly voted down by upper leadership in the Labour Party. It was perhaps correctly believed, that this small federation would be unable to ever develop itself, becoming a vassal state to the United States or United Kingdom, entirely unable to ever truly develop on its own.

With the failure of any plans, or negotiations to save the Federation, Prime Minister Robert Bradshaw in his final act would sign the dissolution of the Federation, meaning all islands would be given the option of independence, or becoming British territories.

Bradshaw hoped, history would forget him. His ambitions were broken and his people failed, he hoped he would not be remembered as the worst of his people. Still, many questions plagued him. How were the West African States like Mali or Nigeria able to unite? Was there something so fundamentally different about the diaspora? Maybe, it was the islands themselves, that kept everyone too divided ethnically and politically. Perhaps, it was the trauma of colonialization and the slave trade.

So went the mind of Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw. The second and final Prime Minister of the short-lived Federation of the West Indies. As the world grew and evolved, it would not be stuffy detached politicians in their comfortable armchairs, drawing borders without concept of history, and the people themselves, who pushed the world forward, but instead it would be the people themselves. For better or for worse, the people would be FREE.

End.

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Osivoii, Pontianus, Los Estados Unidos De Suramerica, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Post by Tiernesia suppressed by Paramountica.

Tiernesia

November,12,1962

North Matabeleland Province, Tieresia

___________________________________

Tiernesia's Failure to have any Compromise leads to minor skirmishes between ZANLA forces and Tiernesia Security Forces in the western region, resulting in ongoing unrest. Tiernesia claimed it was protecting Western values, Christianity, and traditional family values. The situation remains volatile, with tensions high on both sides.

Tiernesia continues to resist compromise on political, economic, and social inequalities, leading to unrest among the black majority and resulting in economic and diplomatic sanctions. However, the country still maintains a strong professional presence.

Tiernesia's military remained effective despite economic and diplomatic sanctions. Although small, with only 3,400 regular troops currently, they demonstrated their capabilities and success in most engagements against the ZANLA forces which frequently outnumbered them 4 to 1.

[list]OCTOBER 1962

[sub]Midwest & National Urgency[/sub]

[pre] B R I N K S M E N S H I P ¹ [/pre][/list]

[list][sub][pre]This government, as promised, has maintained

the closest surveillance of the Soviet military

buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past

week, unmistakable evidence has established

the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is

now in preparation on that imprisoned island.[/pre][/sub]

[pre]BRINK OF A MISSILE CRISIS.

A NAVAL QUARANTINE.[/pre]

[sup]. . . The long-scheduled campaign trip through the MidWest was not postponed, as to avoid any impression of an emerging crisis that would detract POTUS from his midterm election duties . . .[/sup][/list]

HOTEL SHERATON-BLACKSTONE, CHICAGO — 14:30

[sub]ILLINOIS, Paramountica[/sub]

[pre]▌SATURDAY the 20th of OCTOBER 1962.[/pre]

| It was the afternoon as the dozen or so free press reporters following The PRESIDENT around began boarding the two sliver greyhound buses outside of the Hotel, slated to depart for the next event somewhere else along the vats MidWest. BOBBY KENNEDY, the Attorney General (AG) and brother of The PRESIDENT had already phoned from Washington as PIERRE SALINGER, White House Press Secretary boarded one of the greyhounds to announce— |

[list]| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “. . . The President has a cold and will be returning to Washington.”[/list]

| Before SALINGER could disembark, the uproar of protests from the assembled REPORTERS instantly waved over, as SALINGER stopped and turned to face them, only halfway down the steps of the greyhound. |

[list]| MR. SCHAFFER, [sub]The Chicago Sun[/sub] | “Now now, you really can’t expect us to buy that lot without an explanation?”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “I don’t know what else to tell yah, the President happens to have a cold, and unless you all want to get it and be on bedrest for the remainder of the campaign, I’d suggest letting the President rest this one through.”

MR. SCHAFFER, [sub]The Chicago Sun[/sub] | “Will he be back by Sunday?”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “With some chicken noodle soup and some rest in D.C., sure that’s a possibility.”

| MS. WEINBERG, [sub]New York Times[/sub] | “I’d like to ask a question!”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “To me or Potus?”

| MS. WEINBERG, [sub]New York Times[/sub] | “Now, if you can rely it later.”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “I’ll answer it now, we’ll see about rely.”

| MS. WEINBERG, [sub]New York Times[/sub] | “I don’t want you to get sore, but will [Governor] Rockefeller be President in 1964?”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “Well um, if I were living in New York, he’s be my candidate . . . it’s the only way I’d know how to get him; out of New York state.”[/list]

| And that got the REPORTERS off his back, as SALINGER smiled somewhat at the laugher rising from the REPORTERS as he finally disembarked that greyhound. |

LOUNGE CABIN, AIR FORCE ONE — 15:20

[sub]MIDWEST SKIES OVER Paramountica[/sub]

| The PRESIDENT sat in the lounge with the small “cabinet room” table on Air Force Once, with SALINGER seated on the length sofa by the cabin windows, an accompanying White House STAFFER walked along the single Boeing 707 corridor. |

[list]| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “But you won’t say.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “No, I won’t Pierre. Almost like a tease, if you will.”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “It is a tease, Mr. President.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Well, the moment you get back in Washington, with me, you’re going to find out exactly what this this . . . and when you do, you better be sitting down.”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “Like how I am now?”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “More or less.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT smiled as he looked out of the Boeing 707 cabin window, he had given a brave face to the public, revealing nothing, but now it was time to return, unscheduled back to Washington. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “I feel so terrible and awful as ah— person, over these decisions.”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “Awful and terrible people, they don’t know they’re awful and terrible.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT sits with that for moment before huffing off, giving an actual tease. |

[list]| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “The Pentagon, they’re planning nearly 800 individual sorties into all of this.”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “For what?”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Oh you already know, it’ll cause so much chaos an invasion would become—”

| PIERRE SALINGER, [sub]W.H. Press Secretary[/sub] | “Inevitable? . . . Nothing ever truly is.”[/list]

| The PRESIDENT just glances at SALINGER for a moment before turning back to glance at beyond the cabin window — After four days of debate, the options had narrowed down to two . . . Air Strike or Blockade. |

OVAL SITTING ROOM, THE WHITE HOUSE — 16:00

[sub]WASHINGTON D.C., Paramountica[/sub]

| It was in the residential second floor of the executive mansion of the White House, where The PRESIDENT had gathered with McNAMARA, RUSK, SORENSEN, the GENERALS of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and of course SALINGER. There laid before them two options in folders. The “Air Strike” option had been known as The Bundy Plan, drafted by National Security Advisor McGEORGE BUNDY, who was also in attendance . . . It was supported by the uniformed Joint Chiefs, along with McCONE the director of the Agency (CIA), and oddly enough by DOUGLAS DILLON, Treasury Secretary, both also there. |

[list]| DOUGLAS DILLON, [sub]Secretary of the Treasury[/sub] | “I’m in favor of Bundy’s option, but we’ve ought to give the Soviets a 72-hour ultimatum to remove the missiles before bombardment.”


| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “Mr. Secretary, that’ll just give them 72 hours to quickly arm the damn sites as best they could.”

| DOUGLAS DILLON, [sub]Secretary of the Treasury[/sub] | “Or withdraw it, I bet the Markets would lean on a withdrawal.”

| GEN. CURTIS LeMAY, [sub]Joint Chiefs of Staff | AIR FORCE[/sub] | “The Soviets don’t even know the concept of that sort of thing, look its very clear if we’re doing Bundy’s we’ve ought not even to consider—”

| ROBERT F. KENNEDY, [sub]Attorney General[/sub] | “But its not very clear we’re even doing Bundy’s, is it, General.”[/list]

| ROBERT F. KENNEDY, Attorney General (AG) was also there, seated next to The PRESIDENT. |

[list]| ROBERT F. KENNEDY, [sub]Attorney General[/sub] | “I uh belatedly come around to the option backed by McNamara and the whole group.”[/list]

| McNAMARA, Secretary of Defense. RUSK, Secretary of State. STEVENSON, Ambassador to the United Nations and even the PRESIDENT’s speechwriter, SORENSEN had all come around to supporting the blockade option. |

[list]| ROBERT F. KENNEDY, [sub]Attorney General[/sub] | “While this may be the last chance we shall have at destroying Castro, the blockade ensures the world won’t go down with his grip over Cuba.”

| JOHN F. KENNEDY, [sub]The President[/sub] | “Gentlemen, we’re going to earn what the taxpayer gives us today, and I certainly hope you all do, that your plan isn’t the one selected . . . We’re all very very close to war, and there isn’t enough room in the [White House] Shelter for all of us.”[/list]

| A few chuckled from the assembled Washington men, as The PRESIDENT’s soft smile returned back to his gravely expression, he had in his hand both opening frameworks drafted by SORENSEN dependent on the plan selected, most notably was the shortness of the Bundy plan’s draft. |

[list][list][list]𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄 𝐇𝐎𝐔𝐒𝐄

𝐖 𝐀 𝐒 𝐇 𝐈 𝐍 𝐆 𝐓 𝐎 𝐍

[pre]BUNDY PLAN BROADCAST SPEECH FRAMEWORK — 10/20/62[/pre]

𝚆𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚊 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚟𝚢 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚝, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚒𝚗 𝚗𝚎𝚌𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚏𝚞𝚕𝚏𝚒𝚕𝚕𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚖𝚢 𝚘𝚊𝚝𝚑 𝚘𝚏 𝚘𝚏𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚎, 𝙸 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍 — 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚄𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚂𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝙰𝚒𝚛 𝙵𝚘𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚠 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚞𝚝 — 𝚖𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚘𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜, 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚠𝚎𝚊𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚜 𝚘𝚗𝚕𝚢, 𝚝𝚘 𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚟𝚎 𝚊 𝚖𝚊𝚓𝚘𝚛 𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛 𝚠𝚎𝚊𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚜 𝚋𝚞𝚒𝚕𝚍-𝚞𝚙 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚖 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚘𝚒𝚕 𝚘𝚏 𝙲𝚞𝚋𝚊 . . . 𝙴𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚢 𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛 𝚌𝚘𝚞𝚛𝚜𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚘𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚍 𝚛𝚒𝚜𝚔 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚢 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚘𝚋𝚏𝚞𝚜𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚠𝚑𝚒𝚌𝚑 𝚠𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚠𝚑𝚘𝚕𝚕𝚢 𝚞𝚗𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎- 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚗𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚕 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚒𝚗 𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚟𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚝 𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙰𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚜 . . . 𝙿𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚍 𝚍𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚢 𝚠𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚖𝚎𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚘𝚞𝚜𝚕𝚢 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚍 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚒𝚖𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚊𝚝𝚎 𝚠𝚊𝚛𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚠𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚕𝚢 𝚎𝚗𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚘𝚜𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚕𝚒𝚏𝚎 𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚕𝚕 𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚜. 𝙸𝚝 𝚋𝚎𝚌𝚊𝚖𝚎 𝚖𝚢 𝚍𝚞𝚝𝚢 𝚝𝚘 𝚊𝚌𝚝.[/list][/list][/list]

ACROSS AMERICA, ACROSS THE FREE WORLD

[sub]COUNTRYWIDE, Paramountica[/sub]

[pre]▌SUNDAY the 21st of OCTOBER 1962.[/pre]

| By Sunday, the American press had running the abrupt return to Washington, to a degree that the onset of a cold had ballooned to possibly something more serious as LYNDON B. JOHNSON had also cut a trip 12 hours short, flying to Washington as well all the way from Honolulu, Hawaii. |

[list][list][list]𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐂𝐔𝐓𝐒 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐓𝐎𝐔𝐑 𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐑𝐓, 𝐅𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐓𝐎 𝐂𝐀𝐏𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐋

𝐇𝐚𝐬 𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐝—𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐔𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐁𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐂𝐔𝐓𝐒 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐓𝐎𝐔𝐑 𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐑𝐓 [/list][/list][/list]

[pre]▌MONDAY the 22nd of OCTOBER 1962.[/pre]

| By Monday however, new headlines reached the press; on radio, in print and over the broadcasting television waves— |

[list][list][list]𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐑𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐒 𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐀𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐄 𝐎𝐍 𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐔𝐑𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐘

𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬; 𝐍𝐁𝐂, 𝐂𝐁𝐒 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐁𝐂 — 𝐊𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐃𝐘 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝟕𝐩𝐦 𝐄𝐒𝐓/𝟒𝐩𝐦 𝐏𝐃𝐓[/list][/list][/list]

____________

[sub]¹ A Series: BRINKSMENSHIP, During the height of the Cold War in October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union nearly came to the brink of nuclear war over the installation of Soviet nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba. [/sub]

Spainard, Osivoii, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[pre]| 22ND OCTOBER ОКТЯБРЬ 1962 |[/pre]

[pre]| MOSCOW - МОСКВА 11PM |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]USSR ★ UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик CCCP |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[pre]| When Nikita Khrushchev discovered that his massive missile gamble had probably failed, night had already fallen in Moscow. The White House and the Pentagon had been the subject of reports of strange activity all evening, which culminated in the announcement that the president had asked the networks for airtime to address the American people on an issue of the "highest national urgency." The broadcast was scheduled to begin at 7:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time, or 2:00 a.m. Moscow time, the following day. The call came in as the Soviet leader was returning from a stroll around the grounds of his home on the Lenin Hills. Because of its breathtaking perspective of the city, he had chosen this location for his residence, perched high above a bend in the Moscow River. It was also well-known in Russian history. Napoleon had stood atop this hill as the conqueror of Europe on September 16, 1812, one and a half centuries earlier. The scorched-earth tactics of the Russian defenders turned what ought to have been a time of victory into his worst defeat. The emperor instead saw the trophy he had "hoped to claim, a burning, devastated city." He commanded a widespread withdrawal a month later.[/pre]

[pre]| Khrushchev told his son Sergei that the Soviet leadership should convene a meeting in the Kremlin because "they've probably found our missiles."[/pre]

[pre]| They are helpless. With a single swipe from the air, anything can be destroyed.Khrushchev was rushed across the river in a pair of chaika limos, one for him and the other for his bodyguards. Khrushchev despised gatherings at night. In his nine years in power, he had held few, if any, of them. They made him think of the period of Stalin, when the tyrant would call his scared aides to the Kremlin in the middle of the night. Nobody ever knew what to anticipate. An irate look can signal a promotion. A smile could be fatal. Everything was subject to the tyrant's whim.The historic Senate Building, which has a view of Red Square and is located in the center of the Kremlin, is where Khrushchev was left by the chaika. After exiting a long, high-ceilinged hallway with a spotless red runner along the middle, an elevator transported him to his office on the third story. Two doors down in the Presidium meeting room, his coworkers were already assembling. Although the Soviet Union's government held official power, in reality, all significant decisions were made by the Presidium of the Communist Party's Central Committee. Khrushchev simultaneously served as the first secretary of the Central Committee and the chairman of the Council of Ministers.When the meeting did begin at 10:00 p.m.[/pre]

[list]Malinovsky half arguing and half informing the meeting[/list]

[list][sub]| Soviet Defense Minister Marshal Rodion[/sub]

"It's a pre-election trick. They would need several days to prepare if they were going to declare an invasion of Cuba. We’ve already issued the orders to defend the island at all cost should an invasion occur.”[/list]

[list]Khrushchev now worried about the formula[/list]

[list][sub]| First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev[/sub]

"If they were to use all means without exception, that would include the missiles correct?"[/list]

[list]Rodion would pause. Wondering why Khrushchev wanted the clarification as if the whole table didn’t know already the implications and measures that would be taken.[/list]

[list][sub]| Soviet Defense Minister Marshal Rodion[/sub]

“Well yes. . . The missiles would be used.”[/list]

[list]A tired sigh escaped Khrushchev as he thought of the world being engulfed in a nuclear winter.[/list]

[list][sub]| First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev[/sub]

"A nuclear war would begin as a result. How is that even imaginable?”[/list]

[pre]| Khrushchev had a wide range of emotions. He has the ability to quickly go from exuberance to despair. Without any formal education, he overpowered his coworkers with the force of his personality: he was brash, visionary, and energetic, but also explosive, cunning, and quick to take offense. His wife described him as ‘all the way up or all the way down.’[/pre]

[pre]| Andrei Gromyko, Khrushchev's patient foreign minister, said that the leader had "enough emotion for ten people—at least."[/pre]

[pre]| He was angry with the Americans just now, but he also wanted to prevent a nuclear exchange. A U.S. invasion of Cuba was very much a possibility in Khrushchev's eyes. He was unable to comprehend Kennedy's lack of decisiveness at the Bay of Pigs. In October 1956, counter-revolutionaries seized control of Hungary. Khrushchev waited a few days before directing the Soviet army to put an end to the insurrection. That ought to be how superpowers conducted themselves. It was "only natural,"[/pre]

[sub]Khrushchev would write in his memoirs many years later. "The United States was unable to accept the notion of a communist Cuba off its coast setting a revolutionary example for the rest of Latin America. Similarly, we favor having socialist nations as neighbors because it is convenient for us.”[/sub]

[pre]| Operation Anadyr's main goal, according to Khrushchev, was to prevent an American invasion of Cuba: "We didn't want to unleash a war, we just wanted to frighten them, to restrain the United States in regard to Cuba.”[/pre]

[pre]| The Americans evidently learning about the operation before it was finished was the "problem," he now acknowledged. If all had gone as planned, he would have taken a flight to Havana to attend a victorious military parade when Soviet soldiers would have made their first public appearances in uniform alongside their Cuban comrades. The deployment of several Soviet nuclear missiles aimed at the United States would have officially sealed the two nations' defense alliance. It would have been a done deal for the imperialists.The outcome had been very different. Along with the intermediate-range R-14 missiles, a number of Soviet ships were still at sea. Although the medium-range R-12s had been set up, many of them were still unable to shoot. The Soviets, however, had a large number of short-range combat missiles on the island that were fitted with nuclear bombs that could completely destroy an invading force without the knowledge of the Americans.[/pre]

[list]He stared out the windows into the dark night of Moscow, the implications of what could happen[/list]

[list][sub]| First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev[/sub]

"The tragic thing is that they can attack us and we will respond. A major war could result from all of this.”[/list]

[pre]| The First Secretary now regretted turning down Castro's requests to sign and publicly declare a defense treaty with Cuba prior to deploying the missiles in order to dispel American accusations of deceit. Washington could scarcely object to Moscow acting similarly because it had defense arrangements with nations like Turkey that were near to the Soviet Union.Khrushchev, who was dominating the discussion in the Presidium, listed potential Soviet reactions to the address Kennedy was going to give. One possibility was to promptly announce a military agreement over the radio in order to legally include Cuba under the Soviet nuclear umbrella. Another was to give Cuba control of all Soviet weapons in the case of an American invasion. Then the Cubans would declare they would use the weapons to defend their nation. The last alternative was to let Soviet forces in Cuba defend themselves using short-range nuclear weapons but not long-range missiles that could reach America.The documentation of this significant Presidium meeting is disjointed and unclear. However, they imply that Khrushchev was ready to approve the use of tactical nuclear weapons against American forces because he thought a U.S. invasion of Cuba was imminent.[/pre]

[pre]| His hawkish military minister, who thought that the Americans lacked adequate "naval forces in the Caribbean to seize Cuba immediately," dissuaded him from making a snap decision.[/pre]

[pre]| Malinovsky was concerned that a hasty Kremlin action might cause more harm than benefit. It might even provide the US justification for a nuclear attack.At 1:00 a.m. Moscow time, or 6:00 p.m. in Washington, the U.S. Embassy in Moscow had told the Soviet Foreign Ministry that it would deliver an important message from Kennedy to Khrushchev. Let's hold off until noon, Malinovsky suggested.As Malinovsky spoke, the sound of tanks, missile carriages, and soldiers walking into the Presidium meeting room was carried over the Kremlin's red-brick walls. The R-12 missile, which is now in Cuba and was led around Red Square by members of the Strategic Rocket Forces, an elite military unit in charge of nuclear weapons, was one example of the heavy weaponry. Members of the Presidium were too focused on the impending conflict with the opposing superpower to give much heed. They understood that the impressive military show under their windows was just a practice run for the yearly Revolution Day Parade.[/pre]

[list][list][pre]WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]ТРУДЯЩИЕСЯ МИРА ОБЪЕДИНЯЙТЕСЬ![/pre][/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Spainard, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Cheezaslovakia, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Post by Galicia Ruthenia suppressed by Paramountica.

Galicia Ruthenia

October 30th 1962

A Perilous Situation

An adviser is running though the halls of the Potocki Palace in Lviv looking for the President when he found him in the dining hall he spoke in an urgent voice.

"Mister President you must see this right now, its urgent!" The adviser yells.

"Hold on." the president said to the person who he is speaking to. "What matter must require my attention that you must run with such haste, Vladislav." He asks as he stood.

"The General of the border police has an urgent short report for you." he utters.

"Give me that." He took the folder and began reading.

Galicia Ruthenian Border police

Memorandum

To President Danylo Kovalenko

thirty thousand soviet soldiers are stationed thirty km at the border with the possibility that more with will come. No official declaration of war yet. Skirmishes are starting to breakout between Border police and Soviet Border Troops need military asistance now.

From General Vovk of the Galicia Ruthenian Border police

The President's eyes widen as he finishes reading the report. "Call the General Staff." he mutters.

When the president gathered the members of the General Staff in the meeting hall the mood was one of somber and fear. General Ivan Ponomarenko spoke first. "We should strike the soviets at the border while we have the chance! we have fifty thousand soldiers now aproaching the border as we speak if we surprise them them we could clear the border of soviet troops."

"Are you crazy! if we do that then we will start a war that we can't win!" General Lyashenko yells. He then looks at the President. "Mr. President I propose that the troops be stationed at the border as a show of force so that the soviets will see that we will not let them make us pushovers at the same time we can ensue that they will not issue a declaration of war."

"The problem with that is the fact it can be interpreted as an act of aggression." General Petrenko spoke in a soft voice. "I propose we speak first with Mr. Khrushchev before we do anything drastic."

"I agree." the president concurs. "Vladislav get the phone I need to speak to Nikita Khrushchev."

End.

The Flights of T.V. Soong

Glory to the Republic and to her most loyal. Today, our Premier T.V. Soong has begun his journey across the world to continue to garner support for the Republic. Glory to the Heros, and Hail to her most beloveds. Mr. Soong carries with him the weight of the nation, may he find favor before the great heavens.

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1925761

Arcanda, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Off guard. Off Balance.

It had been several weeks since the attacks in the town of Ibarra which left nearly 20 people dead and dozens more injured. That quiet town just up the road from Quito had been shaken to its core, leaving its residents fearful and angry. That anger only festered when the government's response was to simply slightly raise the military garrison in the town. That mild response seemed to encourage more attacks, with bombings occuring all across the country in the span of less than a month. Bombings and shootings targeted government buildings, police stations, and even border outposts near Brazil, British Guyana and Peru-Bolivia. Each and every time, the FARC claimed responsibility. By late August, 120 people had been murdered, nearly all of them government employees and police officers.

But the attacks didn't stop at bombings and shootings. Soon, the group began to target small towns and villages in Colombia's remote areas. To the south, in the Federal Dependency of Amazonas, FARC militants had occupied and driven out the meager military garrison in the region. The embarrassing defeat was widely published by national newspapers, furthering the image of a government that had been caught off guard and off balance. Betancourt, for all his strength in domestic matters, social and economic reform had no idea where to even begin with an insurgency that had been unthinkable even a few months ago.

In truth, it wasn't all Betancourt's fault. The army had been idle for years and the National Police had been re-organized to fight crime in the cities, leaving rural areas largely without a police presence. Though, FARC was the end result of years of economic mismanagement, failed land reform, inequality and the lasting effects of foreign corporations exploiting Colombian farmers. Despite reforms, the Betancourt government had failed to implement and enforce many of them in certain areas, allowing corruption to fester and leaving many farmers outside the growing development of the cities and adjacent rural areas.

But, many FARC militants were much younger than the angry farmers and rural peasants. Many were young university students, viewing themselves as revolutionaries. Inspired by the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, the 'moderate' nature of Betancourt's reforms and growing income inequality, many of these young men and women had left for the thick jungles of the south and west to fight for a new regime they believed would attend to their concerns and those of the peasants in the rural regions. In order to implement their ideas, they had to fight for them and the uprisings in Cuba and elsewhere had shown them that the very idea of 'socialism' couldn't be implemented peacefully.

Now, the government is paralyzed. Generals urge action. The National Police demand more funding and powers. While the people clamor for Betancourt to do something, anything to bring the nation back to order. But these demands have fallen on deaf ears and now Colombia finds itself in a simmering chaos that if left unchecked could very well end Bolívar's dream

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

NOVEMBER,1962

Gun Ownership Laws

______________________________________________

[U]The Intentions

| With the still ever present threat of,remnants of the Maziyan People's Liberation Army.They still terrorise,the minor towns within Brunei.While not as large of a threat as they were in the past.As many members of the MPLA,have been put into prison or have seen the firing squad.It would be decided,by president Hadif Rayyan.To legalise the ownership of firearms.To give the normal citizen the capabilities of protecting themselves from an armed assailant and,to maintain their skills as a marksman for,if they were a former soldier.As soldiers could be drafted back into service,and if they still have access to a firearm,they could still use it to keep their skills sharp,so it would reduce the amount of training time needed to prepare them once again for service. |

[U]The Law

| The gun ownership law would be titled as the "1962,Senapang Pertahanan Diri" act,or SPD for short.This new law would state that:

[List]

- People can own bolt-action and flintlock rifles

- Ownership of any other form of firearms,is considered a violation of the law.

- People cannot bring their firearms,out of their home.

- People have to appeal for a firearm license.

- Former soldiers,get a firearm license once they've been discharged.

- Prior to purchasing their firearm,they must show their firearm license to the cashier. |

[/List]

| This new law,also outlined the punishments that would be given for violation of these laws.At best,you get a 1000 dollars fine or a one day trip to prison.At worst would be a month long prison sentence.This is to attempt at scaring the public with a punishment,that most people wouldn't want,so they would abide by the new law. |

| The reason,why the bolt-action rifle and flintlock rifle was chosen as the only form of firearm that could be owned.Its because,they are when compared to other rifles action.A lot slower in their rate of fire and generally,take a longer time to reload,unless the bolt-action came built with an external magazine.The reason to why handguns,weren't legalised to he own,is because of their size.They are easily concealable,meanwhile the rifles would stick out like a sore thumb,with their long barrels and butt-stock. |

| This new law,would also benefit the nation economy in a way.As new jobs would be open,as gun shops to purchase firearms and ammunition would need to opened.As well as firing ranges for people to test/sharpen their marksman skills. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[spoiler=PLAY ME FOR AMBIENCE: The Military System – Metal Slug 3]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vW_cEtXrr0[/spoiler]

[list][sup]July 1962[/list][/sup]

[pre]𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐒𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐆: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑 𝐀𝐆𝐀𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐓 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄[/pre][sup][pre] | PORTUGUESE ANGOLA[/pre][/sup]

[sup]As early as 1945, Salazar had concluded that world trends would make it harder to preserve Portugal's pluri-continental status. Proven so with the arrival of the 60s, as nations from across the world began throwing their support behind various anti-government groups operating within the mainland proper and the overseas provinces. The world was making ever more unwelcome demands on Portugal, especially concerning its territorial presence in Africa. It would all culminate in 1961, when a series of hammer blows shocked Salazar and his regime, garnering media interest in the previously long-overlooked country, producing media speculation that Salazar's days were numbered. The first shock struck on the 22nd of January 1961, when Henrique Galvão and 23 Portuguese and Spanish political rebels seized control of a Portuguese passenger ship carrying 600 passengers, the Santa Maria. Galvão was a Portuguese military officer, writer, and politician who had been exiled in Caracas, Venezuela since 1959. His intent behind what he called, Operation Dulcinea, was to ignite a general uprising in Angola, Portugal's most important colony. Galvão placed his hopes on the Portuguese whites rising up and that a chain reaction of events would drive a much weakened Salazar from power. However, the liner never reached Angola, where a revolt did erupt in Luanda on the 3rd of February 1961, not amongst the whites but the city's black population who protested against the conditions of black workers. In the end, the Santa Maria hijacking would take a backseat to the wider scale crisis that erupted in Angola, as full-scale rebellion erupted in rural northern Angola. Understandably, this crisis soon eclipsed the 'Santa Maria Affair' in importance, but the latter was an embarrassment for Salazar while it lasted. World media tracked the odyssey of the hijacked ship as it headed for Brazilian waters. Portugal's image as an oasis of calm was at long last shattered. Salazar was indignant when the Brazilian government granted the hijackers political asylum after the ship docked in the port of Recife. Salazar would also rage when Portugal's oldest ally, Britain, when they abstained from condemnation. But an even grater displeasure was shown by a much stronger ally of Portugal. On the 13th of March 1961, the United States voted with numerous African and Asian countries in supporting a United Nations resolution condemning Portuguese colonialism.[/sup]

[sup]The bloodiest phase of the Angolan crisis began when the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), backed and financed by Zaire and the United States, began to organize strategies and action plans to fight Portuguese rule. The FNLA had been trained and armed by the Banza regime, while the CIA provided the bull work of financial support for operations. On the 16th of March 1961, party leader, Holden Roberto, lead an invasion into Angola, commanding a force of 4,000 to 5,000 militants. The FNLA funneling into the northern provinces of Uige, Zaire, and Malanje took farms, government outposts, and trading centers, killing everyone they encountered. White or black, the FNLA was ruthless in their conduct, not even the black estate workers would be spared from their brutality. Roberto would go to justify his actions on Zairian TV, his final line hauntingly stating, “this time the slaves did not cower.” For the whole of march, Northern Angola was ravaged by the FNLA as the response in Lisbon was sluggish, and it wasn't until the 13th of April that Salazar appeared on television to make a dramatic broadcast that he was assuming the post of minister of defense and that Portuguese troops would be sent rapidly and in large numbers to regain control of a situation, one which had led to bloody counter massacres carried out by enraged local whites with the help of mixed race Portuguese. At the height of the FNLA invasion, the small border city of Maquela do Zombo was occupied in late March. Under the control of the FNLA, Zombo would become a horror show, a taste of the tribulations to come in the struggle for control.[/sup]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Osivoii, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

T.V. Soong in Burnei

Glory to an ally in Brunei, the government in Brunei has held a meeting with the Republican Government and has agreed to speak to Premier Soong in regards to political and trade matters. The meeting being part of a major of the international tour of the world and to establish as many allies as possible. Our voice goes with your Mr. Soong!

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1926083

Paramountica, Arcanda, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Abessinienreich, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[pre]L E ‎ P A R I S ‎ ‎D E L' O R I E N T[/pre]

[sup]1 9 6 2[/sup]

----------------------

[sub] | CH1: NEW ALLIANCES, OLD FRIENDS |[/sub]

[list]U[sub]nder the leadership of President Chehab, Lebanon has found itself in a rare position where it has been relatively free of violent sectarian tensions in large part thanks to President Chehab's control over the sects of Lebanon. However with his term soon coming to an end, questions over the future of Lebanon have been raised. The Lebanese constitution only allows a one term limit for any sitting president, however it is without doubt that should the President which to alter it, he would find enough support to do it democratically, let alone through the powerful security apparatus he has built in secret.[/sub]

[sub]Nonetheless, plans have been put forward in motion to attempt to secure the future of Lebanon should Za'im Chehab refuse to run for a second term. Reigning Prime Minister, the so-called 'el-Effendi' (the gentlemen) Rashid Karami has met up with the 'Amid (leader) of the National Bloc, Raymond Edde, in an attempt to bring about a government of national unity that can withstand any future divisions. Edde, hailing from one of the country's most elite political families, much like Karami, is a rare presence in Lebanon. As he is a nationalist but secular, again much like Karami, presence. Unlike many of Lebanon's parties, neither of these men is associated with a militia, and Karami is not a part of any political parties.[/sub]

[sub]This attempt is a unique one, as rarely has a Christian and Muslim in Lebanese politics begun such talks to find a middle ground. President Chehab has of course supported the two men's effort and has attempted to host both of their talks as they work out an agreement for a new government. Both of them are not strange to each other, as they both served in the four man 'unity government' formed right after the 1958 Lebanese 'revolution' under President Chehab.[/sub]

[sub]Raymond Edde has maintained a concern over Karami's intense support for Pan-Arabism, while Karami has come to conflict with Edde about economic and social policy. Nonetheless, talks have not broken down which serves as a highly positive sign in the fractured political scene of Lebanon. While Karami does not maintain a political power base in the same way Edde has, him supporting the National Bloc would serve as a huge symbolic boost to the National Bloc's desires to be a secular, not sectarian, political party.[/sub]

[sub]President Chehab on his part, has attempted to also reconcile with the National Bloc over public falling out over the increased presence of the military and intelligence services on Lebanese politics. President Chehab has attempted to alleviate concern, citing recent instability in fellow Arab nations such as Morocco as proof of a need for a strong backbone.[/sub]

[/list]

___________________________

[sub]| BEIRUT......THE NEW ARAB HOLLYWOOD? |[/sub]

[list]T[sub]he position of the Egyptian film industry, the 'Hollywood on the Nile', as the premier and most important filmmaking hub in the Arab World has long stood unchallenged, with classics and a fully mature industry dating back to the 20s, it is no wonder that everywhere you go in the Middle East and even beyond that you see cinemas, you see at least one Egyptian movie posters. However, in the most recent of years, Beirut has stepped up to challenge this.[/sub]

[sub]With government support, and one of the most well developed economies in the Middle East, new studios have popped up all over in attempts at creating a production that rivals that of Cairo's. With high production values, emerging starlets, a strong cultural base, and a rare lack of censorship, the Lebanese industry is indeed poised to see itself succeed in the next few years, bolstered by the flow of Arab directors from all over coming to Beirut to escape oppression or find an industry that is still in its formative years.[/sub]

[sub]However many critics have pointed out the lack of national identity within Lebanese cinema. Especially as it has come to use non-Lebanese Arabs in an attempt for a 'Pan-Arab' appeal. This seems to have become a concern, one that is being readily addressed by Lebanese literature and critics who have championed the few auteurs that aim to impart a sense of identity and Lebanese culture in their movies.[/sub]

[sub]It remains to be seen if Lebanese cinema will advance from this phase it finds itself in, but the future is bright as ever for 'Cinéma d'Orient'[/sub]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Osivoii, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

NOVEMBER,1962

Discipline Is Important

______________________________________________

[U]Why Create The Law?

| President,Hadif Rayyan decides to create a new act,called the "Disiplin Kanak-Kanak" act.Which is done,so Hadif could curb the ever growing presence of child,rebelliousness and disrespectful behaviour towards authority and their seniors. |

| With the growing presence of rebelliousness and disrespectful behaviour within the youths of Brunei.While,Hadif cannot find the route cause of it which he could then create a new policy that could eliminate that cause.He could try and curb the problem to the ground,by introducing a law that confirms with parents that by law,they can use a physical form of child disciplining |

[U]The Act Itself

| The act,while never stating that parents should resort to using physical disciplining.They are just encouraged to use it.Other parts of the law state that,at a maximum:

[List]-If a child lies,they are to be canned 5 times

-If a child stole something,they are to be canned 15 times

-If a child got into a fight,they are to be canned 30 times

-If a child bullied someone,they are to be canned 60 times

-If a child vandalised,they are to be canned 120 times

-If a child was disrespectful to their elders or any authoritative figure.They are to be canned 240 times.[/list] |

| When it comes to bullying,fighting and vandalisation the act states,that the school or police,should tell the parents before they can perform child disciplining.Along with that,the parents are only allowed to use,their hand,slippers or a rattan cane. |

| If it's discovered a parent,used anything aside those 3 things.They will be given a small fee of 50 - 100 Bruneian dollars to pay. |

[U]The Result Hadif Hopes

| Hadif hopes,that once this act is put into effect.Cases of child delinquency will go down and a more stable society will come from it as well.Along with that,Hadif hopes that the first generation who are being effected by this act.Will continue to use this act to discipline their own children. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Osivoii, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Paramountica, Astarina, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR[/pre][/list]

______

MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR: A NEW ALGERIAN REALITY FUELED BY ECONOMIC GROWTH AND A BRIGHTER FUTURE

[sub]VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, DECEMBER 1962[/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF LIBERTÉ, MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR - | There is an altogether new reality in Algeria. In the Arab quarter of Oran, barefoot youngsters last week piped a bitter sweet cheer learned from their parents: "We fought for independence, and we lost it, but now we make up for it with our booming markets." In Algeria's fifth month of post war development, their chants had almost become a self-proscribed propaganda towards a newly found pro-French and pro-European attitude.[/sub]

[sub]The war-weary country has actually gained from the war, more French and European middle-class technicians and business owners who remain its biggest employers. About 1,000,000 new Pieds-Noirs have settled in Algeria alongside the already existing 2,000,000. Several new schools are opening while Algeria sees a 45% increase in the number of its teachers and professors. The formerly vast unemployment rate of over 13% of Algerians has dropped to only 4% of the population as the number of operating factories has increased by a third; industrial production is up 38% already. The congested and busy waterfronts of Oran and Algiers are almost never quiet as materials flow in and out of port. At least 3 to 4 passenger ships dock every day, hauling in another load of immigrants from Metropolitan France.[/sub]

[sub]As for Algeria's Interior Minister Ahmed ben Bella, who clawed his way to power two months ago by winning appointment from President Charles de Gaulle, his persona has been greatly admired by the Algerian Arabs as well as the PSF (French Social Party) for his strides towards accomplishing party agenda and conforming ideals that benefit the post war Algerian people. Ben Bella's latest response when questioned about events in Cuba was this: "I would be failing in my duty to the Algerian people and indeed the West as a whole, not to mention discarding my party's doctrine if I had supported reproachment with the East as some of our European brethren would like to achieve. The troubling events in Cuba are a clear signal to the West that now is a time for action, not appeasement."[/sub]

[sub]There are still yet plenty of neocolonial errors to fix. Ben Bella is finally tackling the problem of land reform, which he himself has often vowed is Algeria's most urgent goal. On a three-day tour of the barren, war-ravaged bled, he pledged redistribution of 3 million acres of farm land that had been on lease by the Moroccan government and was abandoned shortly after the start of the bloody Moroccan Civil War. The French government has developed an agricultural policy based on compensating and assisting farmers due to the Algerian War, approving grants to new farmers, and increasing the number of water irrigation systems and maintaining the ones already in existence. Around Setif, thousands of acres of formerly state-owned land has been given to private cooperatives for further development. Even so, this prospect did not cheer many peasants, whose deepest craving is for some land of their own.[/sub]

[sub]There is great fanfare that greets every aid shipment coming from France, which is pumping $25,000,000 a day into rebuilding and expanding upon the ideal of French Algeria one day becoming a reflection of Metropolitan France across the Mediterranean. The amount of government aid is to be drastically increased after Jan. 1, and mainland France will continue to be Algeria's biggest market and capital source until new trade deals can be made with neighboring countries in Africa and elsewhere. Meanwhile new oil, gas, and mineral findings will continue to propel Algeria's economic growth. Two currently existing oil pipelines transport 40 million tons of oil from over 120 Saharan wells to the coast and construction has began on the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline which is set for completion in 1965.[/sub]

[sub]While Algerian oil and gas continues to fuel European cars and homes, likewise European money fuels the economic drive of hardworking Algerians. Last year the French government set out a quota to reach $3 billion in investments by the start of 1963. Currently those investments are almost double the amount of the expected quota. |[/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐌

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Holy Vatican City States

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, East Germany Ddr, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, Batallon De Dignidad, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Tallahan, Provenancia, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

"A Troubled Country" | 1962

Seán Lemass' Ireland has struggled to catch up to the modern world. In a time of near total upheaval, who could possibly expect one man—one servant of the people—to please everyone?

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1926302

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, East Germany Ddr, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Provenancia, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

[pre]F O R E I G N E N T A N G L E M E N T S[/pre]

[sub]| A young agent in the Ministry for State Security's Foreign Reconnaissance Division prepares for a mission abroad. |

RELEVANT PING: Republican Irishmen[/sub]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1926345

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Provenancia, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Republican Irishmen

[list][pre]December, 1962

Al-Aqsa Mosque, The Old City, Jerusalem Province, State Of Israel[/pre][/list]

[list][list]AZHERI’S HISTORIC VISIT TO ISREAL[/list][/list]

[list]President Azheri :| “O Allah, send your peace and blessings upon Mohamed and his companions, as you have sent your peace and blessings upon Abraham and his companion in your glorious right. O Allah, shine on Mohamed and his companions as you have shined on Abraham and his companions in your glorious right.”

The President would then proceed to look at his right shoulder first as he says, “Peace and blessing be upon you”, right before looking to his left shoulder and saying the very same thing. His lifelong intent to complete a prayer at Al-Aqsa Mosque was now complete. He would then get up having uttered his gratitude to God, before walking out of the mosque. Azheri had come here hoping to have gained the good rewards and deeds that Muslims across the world believe would come with praying in the third holiest site of Islam.[/list]

About three days ago before Al-Aqsa, President Azheri would arrive at Lod International Airport near Tel Aviv, with the goal of make a momentous achievement with the first historic state visit by an Arab head of state to the almost 15 year old independent Jewish nation, which resides and shares the Middle Eastern region with many of Sudan’s close partners, allies and neighbors. It is for that reason the Azheri’s visit to Israel had come in part of the Administration’s plans to extend an olive branch to its neighbors to the north, and to begin a campaign for peace between Israel and Sudan’s closest partner in the region, the United Arab Republic, in hopes that israel would finally be welcomed as a partner and a member of the bloc.

[list]Day One: Summit With Prime Minister Ben Gurion[/list]

Of course, the Middle East itself was a hotbed of geopolitical tensions, with Sudan confiding this somewhat secretive, democratic cooperation with Israel, amidst a rising power grab between the Saudis and UAR, not mentioning the intense hostilities between Hashemite Arabia and Kurdistan. As Azheri arrived in Tel Aviv, his entourage would be taken to the first state summit with Prime Minister Ben-Gurion at his office near Qiryat Moshe. The summit included discussions of trade, geopolitical concerns and events deemed vital to the affairs of both nations, and the establishment of a new pledge towards national cooperation and friendship.

Following the conclusion of the summit between the two respective leaders, Two separate agreements had been drafted, one that was revealed publicly to both the Israeli and Sudanese people and respective legislatures, but also another secretive agreement kept confidential in an effort to protect the national security of both nations. The public deal of course came in the announcing of a Trade Agreement over the exportation of Sudanese cotton products, clothing, shoes for the import of Israeli polished gem cutting, agricultural development goods, and other textiles. Sudanese Rail Corporation had also managed to secure a deal that would see the imports of specific Israeli made mechanical train parts that shall go towards the overall production of domestic made in Sudan locomotive engines and cars.

President Azheri and the delegation have also talked more on achieving a security partnership that would see Sudan’s Security Intelligence and Response Agency (SIRA) working together with the Israeli Mossad to acquire training and education on intelligence gathering, and an overall information sharing initiative between the two countries. A secret protocol carried confidentiality by the Sudanese executive office was also initiated, that would eventually lead to an influx in Sudanese shipping on Israel's port of Eliot, in the Gulf of Aqaba. The shipment of course would consist of nothing more than Israeli goods and products, however their destinations or purpose for this sudden influx in Sudanese maritime merchant activity in southern israel had yet to be stated or clarified by the either governments.

[list]Day Two: The Israeli People[/list]

On the second day after the summit, President Azheri made it a point to walk through the streets of old Jerusalem. Azheri had greeted and exchanged short pleasant conversations with many civilians on the ground, Jews, Christians, Muslims, Arabs, foreigners alike, he had even crossed paths with some of his fellow countrymen of the Christian faith who had come to Jerusalem on holy pilgrimage.

Azheri had notably prioritized meeting and conversing with the Arab Palestinian citizens of the city and of Israel, to see for himself how they were doing under the military rule imposed on them, since the outbreak of war upon Israel's troubled independence in the late 40s. Though of course, Azheri wouldn’t see any form of the injustices against Palestinians, as it was typically rumored about back in Sudan and throughout the Muslim world. But nevertheless, the idea of a specific population of a country having to face military tule separate from the rest of israel, had unsettled Azheri’s ideology of national unity through national struggle. However he knew that Israel, like any democratic institute, was a nation capable of change.

Just yesterday, during a private conversation between Azheri and Ben Gurion, he had shared the very same concerns to him, explaining to him that peace can begin with home. Of course the Prime Minister shared Azheri’s concerns and entailed him on the possibility of a political breakthrough, towards the abolishment of military rule by an act of the Knesset. It is for that purpose that Azheri prioritized meeting with Arab community leaders and even MKs, seemingly lobbying them towards the benefits of integration within Israel and upholding the new Israeli identity, that would open up their right to free movement within their own homeland, and within the greater Arab Muslim world.

[list]Day Three: The Holy Sites[/list]

The trip comes to its final day, with Azheri having planned a visit to the holy landmarks of the city, to observe various acts of worship from the world’s abrahamic religions. He started the day with a visit to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, simply to marvel at the ancient ingenuity of it all. He would then walk with his entourage through the streets of the old city, surrounded by security personnel and curious crowds. Azheri would make his way to the western wall, observing Jewish prayers and rituals at the site of the old temple, right before taking a walk to the Tomb of King David and laying his respects, for Islamically he in known as Dawud peace be upon him, an example of righteous men who ruled by the will of God.

Now heading to the complete this trip, Azheri had walked back through Zion’s gate, beginning his trek towards Temple Mount where he will visit the the dome of the rock, where it is believed that the Prophet Mohamed had landed once he had arrived from Mecca in the infamous one night trip, and then risen the heavens to receive one of God's greatest messages to humanity. He would finally come to his final task by performing Duhur prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which holds the third highest degree of importance after the Masjid Al-Haram in Mecca and the Masjid Al-Nabaui in Medina. As Azheri comes out of the mosque, he would deliver a speech to the press and other crowds awaiting him outside on the steps leading to Temple Mount.

[list]President Azheri :| “Jerusalem, you have been good to me and to the delegation that has come with me... Truly I have had such a spiritual awakening having observed how the citizens of this great land live side by side, with a purpose aimed at building a homeland for them and their loved ones. This is the kind of civic nationalism ideals that I wish to take to my homeland and install it in my people… perhaps in this visit, both our country can learn that in the face of an ever more unstable and uncertain world, we can find solace in our shared interests, Peace, Justice, and Country. Everyone deserves the human right to feel and live at peace within his or her homeland along with fellow countrymen and fully human being no matter what, and it is important in the face of this consequential world, that we do not sacrifice those very ideals of Peace, Justice, and loyalty to one’s Country.”[/list]

By then, Azheri would head to his motorcade, beginning the trip back to Lod International Airport, boarding his private plane headed to Khartoum. On the way back home, he had anxiously listened to the radio, anticipating Sudan’s overall public opinion regarding this legitimization of the Israeli State. As he tuned onto SBC, it seemed that the country’s media and public were preoccupied, with a much more pressing and anxiety ridden series of events transpiring across the sea. For better or for worse, Azheri’s historic visit to Israel had seemingly been overshadowed, as the dark clouds of terror engulfed the globe, anxiously anticipating the nuclear exchange between the Soviet Union and United States over Cuba.

[list]AL-NASRU LENA!

AL-NASRU LE SUDAN![/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Israelli, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Provenancia, Maziya, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

[pre]L E ‎ P A R I S ‎ ‎D E L' O R I E N T[/pre]

[sup]1 9 6 2[/sup]

----------------------

[sub] | CH2: THE PALESTINIAN QUESTION |[/sub]

[list]T[sub]he controversial remarks by a Phalagnist member of parliament today, calling on the Palestinian diaspora in Lebanon to 'stop stealing Lebanon's bread, stop occupying jobs that belong to (Christian)Lebanese, and leave at once' has again sparked the debate over the Palestinian question. Lebanon's ethnic and religious balance has long been fragily maintained, and the arrival of thousands of Palestinians in the wake of the Israeli war of independence in 1948 threatened to throw this fragile balance into something ugly.[/sub]

[sub]The Palestinian diaspora in Lebanon find itself in a weird position, it is undesired yet it is also at the forefront of the cultural and economic development of Lebanon. The country's largest bank, IntraBank, is owned by a Palestinian, meanwhile several of its most widely read newspapers are edited by Palestinians. Just this year, Palestinian writer Ghassan Kanafani took the country by storm through his novel 'Men in the Sun' which was by all accounts acclaimed and widely read.[/sub]

[sub]Yet this dynamic community has also been dealt much criticism and attack by Lebanese citizens over their perceived leeching off state resources. Many solutions have been raised, but none seem feasible. Giving Palestinians equality and citizenship threatens the fragile balance and will tip over the Muslim-Christian balance decisively over to the Muslims. Meanwhile maintaining the status quo, or even expelling them, has been met with outroar by the Arab nationalist Lebanese, who dominate political discourse.[/sub]

[sub]President Chehab has so far adopted a moderate stance, though many rumors have arose that he holds special contempt towards the Palestinian business elite. Nonetheless, no side seems to have an answer. Meanwhile the Palestinians themselves have no ability to contribute to this national discourse without finding themselves as a proxy in the ultimate struggle between the Lebanese faction in their ambitions to control all of Lebanon.[/sub]

[/list]

___________________________

[sub]| EMIR ABDELKADER FILM GREENLIT BY BEIRUT STUDIOS |[/sub]

[list]W[sub]ith Youcef Chahine's epic, al-Nasser Salah ed-Din aiming to release in 1963, Lebanon's movie exectuvies have now found themselves aiming to take a piece of the pie themselves, and have greenlit today the highest budget movie ever in the history of Lebanon's young film industry, that of 'Emir Abdelkader'. An epic about the Algerian military leader whose bravery and military ability has long been praised by many throughout the years.[/sub]

[sub]The movie has already found itself with impressive names attached, with acclaimed young director Georges Nasser attached to direct, as well as famed actress Sabah in a supporting role, and actor Salah Tizani in a break from his usually comedic roles towards something more serious. The movie has also been backed by a huge budget, reportedly one of the biggest in the Middle East.[/sub]

[sub]The movie is aiming for a late 1963 release date, though that remains to be seen if it will be feasible in regards to the scope. The story is set to adopt the latter years of Emir Abdelkader, specifically during the Druze-Maronite struggles of the 1860s, in a way that will hopefully send a message about national unity, with Abdelkader, a Muslim, saving Christians in Syria. Despite the location of the story, the movie will be shot in Lebanon, taking advantage of its varied locations and building sets when necessary.[/sub]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Provenancia, Maziya, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

DECEMBER,1962

The Last Democratic Institution

______________________________________________

| Lopéz decides,that after his attempt to maintain some level of democracy after his military coup of the Andes,has failed.He will shift what he envisions for the future of Andes,as not a country that maintains some levels of democracy,but instead a nation with a powerful central figure in charge of the nation's legislative and executive and a few trusted ministers and government officials,to help guide that figure,who is currently Lopéz by providing their ideas to him.Which he would then consider before making his government decisions. |

| This meant that Lopéz,was ready to issue the first mission for the [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=53026783][B]Mano Del Protector Supremo[/URL].With their first mission being the capturing and [I]erasing[/I] of the members of congress who had voted to deny,his [I](Lopéz)[/I] [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=53198644]economic reform.[/URL] |

| When the next congress meeting was held.The remaining living members of congress,noticed the sudden absence of many of their members.They felt rather uneasy,looking at Lopéz,who's face was the same.As if it was just a normal meeting with congress to discuss the passing or denial of any of his ideas.This time Lopéz wasn't suggesting,a new idea.He just wanted to get rid of a institution that he believes will never work in Andes.He proposed to them,the dissolvement of congress.Which was obviously 100% denied. |

| While Lopéz already had the result,he wanted to obtain ready.As he wasn't gonna take no as an answer.He wanted to see who of the remaining members in congress gets to continue existing.As he already had members of the army stationed outside of the room they were holding their meeting in.Lopéz,just silently left the room but never dismissed them.Afterwards the members of the army entered the room and forced all the members of congress to their knees.Lopéz would then come in and tell the soldiers to bring them to a forest in Alto Maya.Where they will then be put out of their lives. |

| Lopéz would,then issue out a second mission for the Mano Del Protector Supremo.For them to just simply,call up every single police station in Andes.Telling them not to pursue the case on the members of congress,suddenly going missing.In fact,the police stations should just dump their evidence somewhere and not tell any reporters who come in asking for information on the missing members of congress. |

| Lopéz,would then begin the implementation of his [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=53198644]Economic Reform[/URL] that was previously denied by congress. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Provenancia, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

Paramountica, Rutannia, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Cheezaslovakia, Provenancia, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Al-Jammahirya Al-Arabiyya, Bhaarat Lok

THOSE WE LEAVE BEHIND — PART I | 1962

| Ireland remains a divided country on almost every issue. A new Ireland is being hammered out in the Government Buildings in Dublin, but not everybody is in the boat for Seán Lemass' "rising tide". Take a visit to see some of the players on Ireland's Left, and the vision they have in store for the country.

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1926621

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, East Germany Ddr, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Provenancia, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

[list]December 1962

[sub]Death of an Icon[/sub][/list]

[list][list][pre]गांधी का निधन; भारत शोक में

GANDHI DIES; INDIA IN MOURNING[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]DECEMBER 1962 | दिसंबर 1962[/sub][/list]

[list] [sub]. . . Renowned civil rights leader and founder of the Indian independence movement, former president MAHATMA GANDHI, age 93, is in critical condition, according to aides who are informed on the matter of the former president's health. Widely hailed as the father of the independent Indian Republic and as the balancing force to PM Nehru's policy on various issues, Gandhi left the Union Presidency in 1961, having served multiple consecutive terms in the largely symbolic office. Reports indicate Gandhi is being treated in an unidentified Delhi hospital, but his condition remains unknown. The nation and the world holds its breath as we await further updates on Gandhi's health. The national government has yet to issue any statement, but PM Nehru recently affirmed that Delhi facilities would be 'more than adequate' to provide for any issues that may arise surrounding Gandhi's health.[/sub] [/list]

| [sub]On December 12, 1962, the aforementioned article was reported in the Times of India newspaper - the most circulated paper in India - and confirmed the worries of many Indians, and especially those within the governing Indian National Congress (INC) party. Mahatma Gandhi, the leader and de facto father of the Indian independence movement, and the country's first President, was in critical condition in a Delhi hospital over complications surrounding his age. Already 93, Gandhi had served as President of the Republic of India since its independence in 1950 until 1961, when he passed the torch to his independent vice president. After his presidency, Gandhi withdrew from the political spotlight, granting the leadership of his own Indian National Congress to Jawaharlal Nehru, the country's Prime Minister from 1950 to the present. Gandhi had served as the balancing act to Nehru - opposing efforts to militarize India's borders and defending India's cooperation with the West from Nehru and his allies, who favored a non-aligned foreign policy that would see cooperation with the likes of the Soviet Union against China, especially after the Sino-Soviet Split.[/sub] |

| [sub]On December 14, two days after the Times of India article, Prime Minister Nehru's office reported that the PM had visited a Delhi hospital for undisclosed reasons with heavy security, leading to rumors that he had visited Gandhi. There were no further reports on the health of Gandhi until December 19, when it was reported Gandhi would be undergoing emergency surgery and was already in intensive care, but no further updates were given. The Prime Minister issued a statement asking the public to "respect the wishes of privacy" of the Gandhi family. On December 21, at around 6:09 am local time, flags at the Presidential Palace were lowered to half-mast, as were flags at Indian embassies across the world.[/sub] |

| [sub]An early morning session of the Lok Sabha (lower chamber of the Indian congress) was suspended, and parliamentary members filed out quietly and were directed to return to their homes. Government work was suspended for the day, and the announcement was made.[/sub] |

[list][pre]MAHATMA GANDHI, FATHER OF INDIA, PASSES AWAY AT 93

(Times of India reports) . . . The Times is extremely disheartened to inform you that Mahatma Gandhi, the first President of the Republic, and the father of the Indian independence movement, has passed away at 93 in the early hours of 21 December 1962, at 5:54 am Delhi time, four hours after an emergency surgery. Family sources report his death was peaceful and calm, and the Office of the Prime Minister has issued a statement calling a month of national mourning and the lowering of all Indian flags to half-mast. The Times stands in solidarity with the Gandhi family, to whom we offer our condolences and our deepest respect.[/pre][/list]

| [sub]At the age of 93, former president Mahatma Gandhi was dead. As India stands in mourning, behind the scenes, the Indian National Congress party he leaves behind prepares for one of the most seismic political shifts in the party and the country's relatively short history . . .[/sub] |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Provenancia, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list]December 1962

[sub]Ferdinand E. Marcos[/sub][/list]

[pre]A N G B I S E P R E S I D E N T E[/pre]

| In the 1962 elections, the focus was largely on Ramon Magsaysay's appointed successor, CAMILO OSIAS, who went on to win the presidential race. What many people did not focus on, however, was his young and ambitious vice president, who - those who new him agreed - almost certainly had future presidential aspirations. FERDINAND EDRALIN MARCOS was the Vice President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He had been a Congressman, then a leading official in the Philippine Senate, before joining his former colleague Osias' presidential ticket with the promise of aiding his higher ambitions. Marcos was a member of a relatively minor political dynasty in the Ilocos Norte province in the very north of Luzon, where his family held political sway before the war. Marcos was the patriarch of his family, with three young children, Imee Marcos (b. 1955), Bongbong Marcos (b. 1957), and Irene Marcos (b. 1960). He was tasked with reviving his family's political name after he and his father were implicated in a pre-war murder plot. By all measures, he has succeeded, now one step away from the presidency of the nation. |

| Ambition has guided his time in politics, and he is not likely to leave public service any time soon. As a Senator, he earned a strong public reputation for being a firm griller and a master negotiator. He had charisma, which he invoked to win a Senate position - significantly harder than in other countries because Senators are voted on by the entire country, rather than by one province. Now serving as vice president, Marcos was extending his portfolio to include leading the Osias administration's infrastructure and agriculture projects, regularly referring to his involvement in passing numerous agricultural and infrastructure bills. He envisioned a massive subway system for the larger Manila region built with Japanese support, and discussed the rapid expansion of the Philippine Armed Forces within five to six years. He was a member of the center-right Nacionalista Party, but he was a big spender, and he didn't hide it. Some of his opponents expressed concern about his ties to other political families, but there were no worries because there's yet to be a major corruption scandal since the Roxas administration in the early Fifties. |

| His ambitions for now remain aimed at the presidency. While Osias secured a term to succeed Ramon Magsaysay, the Liberal Party closed the gap and came within 5 percentage points of winning the presidency for the first time since the 1950 election. Many worry that the Liberals are likely to make major gains in the 1964 midterms, which will serve as the precursor to a Liberal landslide in the 1966 presidential elections if Osias were to run again. Some factions of the Nacionalista Party are already quietly eyeing Marcos as a potential successor, and he has not been shy in expressing his interest in higher office. Some consider his charismatic, down-to-earth style of campaigning a firm call back to Magsaysay and his "ordinary Joe" style of politics, but others consider his ambition as something that may harm his commitment to public service. |

| Regardless of opinion, however, its clear that he intends to take a more hands-on role in governing in the Osias administration. He's already made his rounds, inaugurating new science high schools in the larger Manila area and sitting down with construction conglomerates to discuss major highway and railway expansions across the island of Luzon. He's particularly been loving to his home province of Ilocos Norte, where he is currently actively fighting for significant investments into advanced energy programs, and potentially a nuclear power plant - another ambition for the country that he is spearheading advocacy for. Supporters of Osias worry he may try to upstage the quiet, softspoken new president, but the public mostly are in agreement that Marcos may very well have a bright political future ahead of him. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[pre]L E ‎ P A R I S ‎ ‎D E L' O R I E N T[/pre]

[sup]1 9 6 2[/sup]

----------------------

[sub] | CH3: THE DEVIL YOU KNOW |[/sub]

[list]I[sub]n a historic first in Lebanese politics, National Bloc leader Raymond Edde, and respected Arab nationalist statesmen Rachid Karami have announced today the signing of the 'Byblos Declaration'. This declaration, observed by and encouraged by President Fuad Chehab, outlines a roadmap towards the creation of a national alliance between the liberal-Maronite 'National Bloc' and various allies of Rachid Karami. This alliance will see Karami and his allies endorse the National Bloc in the upcoming 1964 elections as Karami himself is not party of any political party and instead represents the independent Nasserite strain.[/sub]

[sub]The decleration has also allowed for the National Bloc to form a new 'unity' government with Rachid Karami. This government saw an equal share between the factions, with 5 seats allocated to each in the Council of Ministers. A few hours after this declaration, a new unity government was finalized with Raymond Edde and his allies gaining important positions such as the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Interior.[/sub]

[sub]This deal represents progress in many aspects. For one, it is the first Muslim-Christian alliance in the history of Lebanon. This is also one of the few collations in Lebanon's famously or rather, infamously fragile and fractured political scene. According to the declaration, the alliance is formed mainly out of a desire to support President Chehab, and is primarily a so-called 'Chehabist' alliance. The declaration also emphasized the secular nature of both factions, and opposition to the characterization of this as a Muslim-Christian alliance, but rather a Lebanese alliance first and foremost.[/sub]

[sub]"We are of course very happy with this...'Détente' between us. Edde is a great man who I enjoyed an great working relationship with, but fellout near the end of the 50s. However we finally reconciled, with the help of His Excellency, President Chehab." Karami was quoted saying to leading newspapers in a press conference earlier this week.[/sub]

[sub]The agreement has sent shockwaves through the Lebanese political scene, the main Christian parties, mainly Kata'b and National Liberal Party have entered talks into forming a rival collation, meanwhile many Arab Nationalists and Leftists have called this a 'betrayal' by Karami, and have also entered talks into forming an Arabist National Front in opposition to the alliance. Ironically, it seems that this act will usher in a unity rarely seen in the opposition as well as government.[/sub]

[/list]

___________________________

[sub]New Government composition:[/sub]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1926749

Paramountica, Rutannia, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

DECEMBER,1962

A Purchase From Morocco

______________________________________________

| [B]23/12/1962 Field marshall,Muhammad Thasnim Bin Khalif would set foot in Morocco.He was set to be in charge of a ship carrying,[URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1924592]4 SP-C's[/URL] and [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1882989]550 FPT-58's[/URL].Along with that,5 crates of their respective ammunition each. |

| Field marshall,Thasnim was accompanied by a couple of army cadets,alongside the ships crew.The reason to why they Thasnim and the cadets were being sent to Morocco.Is to show how the firearms operated,how to dismantle them and how to maintain them. |

| Thasnim would have each cadet pick up one of the guns and load them.But the cadet who was holding the FPT-58,wasn't wearing gloves and burned his hand when the hot gases left the barrel and blew towards his hand.Thasnim would use that as an example of what not to do,when armed with an FPT-58.When armed with an FPT-58,it needs to be mandatory to wear gloves just as a safety precaution. |

| After the demonstration and the unloading was complete,it was turning evening,and Thasnim,the cadets and the ship crew,boarded the ship and set off back to Brunei. |

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Post self-deleted by Ngiera.

[pre]★ REPÚBLICA REVOLUCIONARIA CUBANA ★[/pre]

[sub] || Dec 1962 || [/sub]

[list][sup]CH1: ONE STEP FORWARD, THREE STEPS BACK[/sup]

[sub]The aftermath of the Cuban Crisis had left a bitter aftertaste in the mouth of many int he Cuban high command, the events that followed had led to an almost cooling of enthusiasm for their Soviet allies. Nonetheless, the seeds have been planted long before that have convinced Castro that a change of course must be taken following initial missteps and failures on his part. With this in mind, Castro as usual took to the radio and freely admitted that the revolutionary government has made mistakes. "Our main philosophy is the ruthless criticism of everything that exists, why then must we shield ourselves from self criticism?" he said during the broadcast[/sub]

[sub]While many of the exiled population and western capitalists would hope that this would mean the end of Cuba's communist experiment, it seems that its instead a strengthening of its resolve. Marxist rhetoric has been heightened if everything, shifting the blame on 'the lack of productive forces' and a 'misunderstanding of Cuba's level of development'. Indeed, it seems that the Cuban regime is instead attempting to shift towards a more...Cuban Marxian path of development rather than stray away from it[/sub]

[sub]To this end, the Cuban government has launched what it called 'The Great Debate', in which it invited local economists and even foreign ones of suggesting economic solutions for Cuba. Three camps have so far emerged, the first is the Guevarist camp, which supports the continuation of the current policies and blames the current situation on a lack of faith and support in the system. These Guevarists have indicated that Cuba will reap the benefits of the system in the future rather than in the short term. The advocates of this model have pointed out increasing literacy rates, steady industrial growth, almost double steel and iron production, the mechanization of sugar harvesting, and other feats as pros of the system.[/sub]

[sub]The other camp, titled the 'Soviet' camp, have advocated for stronger economic centralization, the complete nationalization of all businesses (currently, over 20,000 small and medium businesses still exist in Cuba), and emulating the Soviet strategy. However the third, and by far more popular camp, has been the Yugoslavist camp, headed by Cuban economists who have heralded the Titoist model in Yugoslavia. It advocates for a moderate social-market economy, the rolling back of several Soviet inspired reforms, and a focus on public-private partnerships.[/sub]

[sub]Outside of the economic sphere, Premier Castro has started to quietly launch a reconciliation dialogue with those that fell out with the revolutioanry regime during the initial years. At least 72 prisoners have been released without much fuss and allowed to leave for Miami on the promise that they would not support much opposition to Castro. In return, Castro has promised to address concerns in the future, and pursue a more 'democratic' line that would hopefully alleviate concerns.[/sub]

[sub]"Our....resolve, its only getting stronger" Castro told a foreign journalist, "I have seen how Socialism has liberated Cuba, we have made mistakes but who hasn't? We are committed to transforming Cuba into a true worker state" he continued. For the time being, Cuba's revolution is not under any real threat, Castro enjoys popularity unparalleled elsewhere, and the Bay of Pigs and Cuban Crisis only served to increase his popularity. Whether Cuba will commit to its new strategy or not remains to be seen.[/sub][/list]

___________________

[pre]

VIVA CUBA!

VIVA FIDEL![/pre]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

[list]December 16, 1962

[sub]King Mahendra introduces and promulgated the new Constitution of Nepal into effect.[/sub][/list]

[sub]It has been two years since king Mahendra lead a successful coup that ended the short failed democratic experiment and partyless" Panchayat system that would govern Nepal, now King Mahendra plan on establishing establishing a new constitution that will cement the Panchayat system of government and royal rule, but also introduce new stuffs that will forever be iconic and will be associated with Nepal. In May 8, 1962, the King formed the Constitution Drafting Commission with the Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs Rishikesh Shah as chairman and Kulshekhar Sharma as Member Secretary and Mrs. Angur Baba Joshi as the only female member. The King assigned the commission was to submit the draft constitution to him within 23 days until June 1, 1962, which they successfully did and Mahendra like it, but order the commission to keep on editing the constitution to complete it. Finally, on December 16, 1962, the constitution was finally finished and King Mahendra officially promulgated it, thus institutionalizing a four-tier Panchayat system. That same day King Mahendra delivers a speech on the radio to everyone announcing the adoption of the a new constitution as a rule of governance for the kingdom and outlining major provisions and constitution:[/sub]

[sub][list]- The Kingdom of Nepal shall adopt a four-tier Panchayat system form of government.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- Nepal's political form of government will be that of a hereditary Hindu monarchy.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- Nepal shall be a unitary state.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The King of Nepal is the supreme head of state, the protector of the Hindu religion, the incarnation of Lord Vishnu, and enduring symbol of national unity of the Kingdom. The king represented Nepal when visiting foreign nations and signed treaties. The king is the head of the executive branch and shall hold vast executive powers (such as dissolving the Rashtriya Panchayat, vetoes laws, and appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, modify the constitution, suspend the constitution in case of emergency etc.) the king is also the head of the cabinet and chairs the cabinet meeting. The king also holds sovereign immunity.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Prime Minister is the head of government. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the king, and they can be removed from office either by the king.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Rashtriya Panchayat shall be the legislative body of Nepal's royal government. The Rashtriya Panchayat is unicameral and shall meet annually in Kathmandu from February 2 to December 22. The Rashtriya Panchayat shall be composed of 124 members, 105 members were directly elected by the people thorough a 4-tiers system, while the 19 members were nominated by the king. The 124 members are to served as members of Rashtriya Panchayat for six years.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The judiciary branch shall be completely independent of the legislative and executive branches. The Supreme Court shall be the highest court in the kingdom, comprising of 11 Justices, all of whom shall be appointed by the king for life.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Panchayat system shall be divided into 4-tiers systems which are the Gram Panchayat, Block Panchayat, District Panchayat, and Rashtriya Panchayat.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Hindu faith shall be the state religion of Nepal, freedom of religion is allowed in the kingdom, but converted people into another by force or dirty persuasion is outlawed.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Shriman Gambhir, shall be the official national anthem of Nepal and recognized as the kingdom very first anthem. The new update flag, created by Shankar Nath Rimal, shall be the official flag of Nepal. The introduction of a new coat of arms for Nepal.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Lali gurans is recognized as the national flower of Nepal, the crimson colouris recognized as national colour of Nepal, the cow is recognized as the national animal of Nepal, and the Danphe is recognized as the national bird of Nepal.[/sub][/list]

[sub][list]- The Nepalese people shall have civil and voting rights, regardless of wealth, status, race, and gender. These freedoms shall be freely and fully exercised by the Nepalese people.[/sub][/list]

[sub]King Mahendra also announces that the election to the Rashtriya Panchayat shall take place in five months. This is the start of a new age of law and order in Nepal, the age of the Panchayat and royal rule.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"Let’s defeat anger with love, quarrel with harmony & darkness with light.”

— Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Cascadla, Ranponian, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

[list]1962년 12월 30일

[sub]Korea Officially Recognises Israel[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]National Assembly Backs Recognition of Israel[/sub][/list]

[sub]SEOUL, Rutannia — AFTERNOON[/sub]

| Korea has formally voted to recognise the State of Israel, following a row over the hosting of the Non-Aligned Movement Conference in Beirut, Lebanon who refused to invite the State of Israel to the conference a backlash by various delegations eventually saw Lebanon withdraw as host, leaving the movement searching for a new host. Although at the time the Korean Government gave no indication it would withdraw from the meeting if Israel was not invited it did place a magnifying glass on Israeli-Korean relations which had never been formally established following the establishment of both nations nor indeed after Korea’s unification in 1953. |

| However despite a lack of formal relations, the two nations did enjoy amicable relations throughout this period with Israel sending $100,000 worth of food and medical supplies. Initially Israeli Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion supported sending Israeli troops to join UN forces in the country, however Israeli political party Mapam opposed such a move due to its support for the DPRK, thus the compromise of sending food and medical aid was reached. Since then Korea and Israel have enjoyed cordial relations, with the diplomatic fallout of the NAM Conference invitees the relationship was somewhat strained when Korea made no official statement on whether it would attend before Lebanon’s hosting fell through. |

| This spurred the minor opposition Social Democratic Party to initiate the recognition of the State of Israel by submitting an opposition motion on the matter. The SDP had slowly become the moderate voice on the left in Korean politics as the WPK slowly drifted back towards its roots although maintaining an official democratic socialist ideology. The SDP initiated motion garnered a lot of press attention, forcing the Government to reluctantly schedule a vote on the matter, more often than not opposition motions were dismissed or purposefully voted down, however this vote became a matter of international relations. On December 30th the National Assembly began a nearly six-hour long debate about the recognition of Israel with it becoming clear how the votes would be divided. A vast majority of the Workers Party AMs spoke out against the motion, joined by several more far-right members of the National Party. The Government indicated it would give a free vote to its members, while the opposition WPK whipped their members to vote down the motion. |[list]

To Establish Formal Relations and Recognition of the State of Israel:[list]

[*] In Favour - 224

[*] Against - 161

[*] Abstentions - 12[/list][/list]

| The results provided a clear answer that Korea would recognise the State of Israel and establish formal diplomatic relations, however the sizable vote against the motion raised questions on what would happen if a change in government took place. All 152 members of the Workers Party voted against the motion, the other nine votes coming from members of the National Party. Six abstentions came from the National Party, three from the Democratic Party the other three from the Workers Party all of whom had pre-approved reasons for missing the vote. Prime Minister Park responded immediately following the vote stating he would begin the formal process of establishing official relations. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[pre]L E ‎ P A R I S ‎ ‎D E L' O R I E N T[/pre]

[sup]1 9 6 2[/sup]

----------------------

[sub] | CH4: INDUSTRIAL DRIVE,

ENSURES PARADISE |[/sub]

[list]L[sub]ebanon, despite its immense wealth in comparison to its neighbours, has never had a serious industrialization effort. Even today, industry compromises a meagre 10% of the country's entire GDP, with the bulk being eaten up by the services and financial sectors. However most Lebanese economists and intellectuals realize a flaw in Lebanon's strategy, it's current economic foundations are inherently fragile, subject to the whims of the world economy and the financial needs of neighboring countries for a stable financial hub.[/sub]

[sub]This fact has not been lost on President Chehab, who has devoted a large portion of his presidency so far on ensuring social justice and economic vitality. After the introduction of a new government, thanks to the Byblos pact, he has consulted and attempted to come to a solution. Understanding that even within the framework of Lebanon's market economy, and its commitment to economic freedoms, the state must take an active hand in ensuring the industrial development of the country, President Chehab has officially authorized the creation of the 'Lebanese Company for Industrialization and Development' (Société libanaise pour l'industrialisation et le développement; or SID)[/sub]

[sub]This deal represents progress in many aspects. For one, it is the first Muslim-Christian alliance in the history of Lebanon. This is also one of the few collations in Lebanon's famously or rather, infamously fragile and fractured political scene. According to the declaration, the alliance is formed mainly out of a desire to support President Chehab, and is primarily a so-called 'Chehabist' alliance. The declaration also emphasized the secular nature of both factions, and opposition to the characterization of this as a Muslim-Christian alliance, but rather a Lebanese alliance first and foremost.[/sub]

[sub]SID, which has been officially established with a Presidential decree and a capital of US$ 235m, has been given the mandate of launching industrial programs to ensure the development of Lebanon's industry. This marks one of the few active attempts by the government to involve itself within the Lebanese economy, with the only other government-owned services being the tobacco monopoly of Regie and the control of basic services such as electricity. SID was established in cooperation with Lebanese industrialists, who envision SID as a helping hand which will ensure fairness in the market.[/sub]

[sub]It has already announced ambitious plans, with goals of doubling the share of industry in the GDP to 20% up from 10% by 1968, increasing employment to 130,000 employees from 75,000 currently employed in Industry, and providing over 75% of the country's total exports. The company aims to this by acting through different means, first the subsidization energy costs which currently are expensive and hard to secure, which has been usually named as one of the obstacles of opening a factory. Secondly it will create its own factories in strategic locations such as Beirut, Tyre, Sidon, and Tripoli to create local goods for market consumption, mainly in the areas of textiles (which it envisions as employing the lions share of workers at 50,000 by 1968), and food production.[/sub]

[sub]It has also announced a loan system that will offer incentives and lower interest rates than the various banks to aid in industrial development. The SID has already announced plans to cooperate with leading industrialist Boutros el-Khoury, who was heavily involved in its creation, to fund and invest in a cement plan in Tripoli as well as a textile factory in Beirut. President Fouad has pledged that this would only be the start, and that further steps would be taken in the future.[/sub]

[/list]

___________________________

Paramountica, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

[list][list]DECEMBER 1962[/list]

[list][list]SARAH FAZ PEREGRINAÇÃO A JERUSALÉM

[pre]SARAH MAKES PILGRIMAGE TO JERUSALEM[/pre][/list][/list]

[pre] O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O [/pre]

BRAZIL AND ISRAEL RENEW DIPLOMATIC TIES

[sub]JERUSALEM, Israelli — MORNINGTIME[/sub]

| A few days before the trip, the 54-year-old head of state SARAH KUBITSCHEK, met with Israel’s ambassador to Brazil. For her, it is extremely important that Brazil renew its ties with Israel, as it is an important ally of Brazil in the Middle East. In 1947, when Brazil was in charge of the presidency of the General Assembly of the United Nations, then President OSWALDO ARANHA defended the creation of the State of Israel, Brazil was also one of the first countries to recognize Israel in 1949. On January 27, 1960, ARANHA died at age 65 of a heart attack, days after SARAH took office, Brazil’s government said it would finance the construction of a statue in Rio de Janeiro in honor of ARANHA. At the Planalto Palace, ministers supported the idea of building the statue with gold, but Brazil’s Finance Minister said it would be too expensive to pay, so they chose bronze. After the meeting, with a smile on her face, SARAH shakes the Israeli ambassador’s hand and tells journalists that she will make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, with the aim of expanding trade, attracting Israeli investment to Brazil, proposing student exchange, among others. |

| Around 8 a.m, President KUBITSCHEK was having breakfast with her husband, Brazil’s First Gentleman JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, at 8:15 a.m. Sarah got up from her chair and walked towards her Foreign Minister to greet him. She had personally received some documents about Israel from him to study during the trip. At 8:45 a.m., the presidential couple went to the car waiting to take them to Brasília Airport. Vice President JOÃO GOULART and his wife, Brazil’s Second Lady MARIA THEREZA GOULART, would also go to Israel. Upon arriving at the airport, President KUBITSCHEK was surrounded by journalists, but the security guards at her side did not let them get too close to her. She and her husband quickly made their way to the presidential plane. |

| A few hours later, Brazil’s presidential plane lands at Jerusalem Airport, SARAH dressed in a beautiful white dress walks towards Israeli Prime Minister DAVID BEN-GURION and shakes his hand in front of journalists, then SARAH walks beside her husband to one of the cars provided by the Israeli government. Before heading to the meeting with Israel’s head of government, SARAH will take a tour of Jerusalem to visit the Western Wall, the Mamilla Mall, the citadel (Tower of David), and the Knesset (Israeli Parliament). SARAH became the first Brazilian president to visit Jerusalem. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

An Experiment in Democracy

Rómulo Betancourt, Colombia's President for over two decades and the first to be democratically elected in almost a century has resigned. Occupying the office since 1936 and subsequently elected fairly since then stepped back in the midst of what appeared to be the beginning of an insurgency. Opinion amongst ordinary Colombians was divided. On one side, his supporters were devastated. Many truly believed Betancourt would remain their President for many years to come. Only last year, Betancourt had given energetic speeches promising higher standards of living, rapid industrialization and social progress. Yet, as he delivered his resignation speech many saw a tired man, who seemed completely unprepared for this situation. And in a way, they were right.

Those who opposed him celebrated his departure. Conservatives, nationalists, socialists, communists and other minor critics were more than happy to see the end of Betancourt's 'imperial presidency'. While elections were consistently judged fair by the United Nations, many of Betancourt's opponents criticized the almost overbearing presence of Acción Democrática candidates in local and Federal elections. Regardless of their opposition, it did little to slow down the popular President, who was elected by increasingly large margins. In 1960, Betancourt had won with nearly 65% of the vote. A historic high for the AD politician.

Those in the middle of the ongoing debate were much more concerned with the nation being leaderless at a time of crisis. FARC's attacks across the country were only increasing and while the nation was currently under the leadership of a 'Provisional President', the constitution didn't give them the same powers of the presidency. Unlike the United States, Colombia did not empower the Vice Presidency with any sort of executive power in the event the President were to become incapacitated, die or otherwise resign. Instead, executive power rested upon the Colombian Congress. This made making decisions difficult, allowing the FARC and their allies to gain ground despite independent efforts by the military and the National Police to curtail them.

With opinion divided and Betancourt officially retired from politics, a general election was inevitable. Article 5 of the Colombian Constitution stated that if the President dies, is incapacitated or resigns the Vice President (in this case, Alberto Lleras Camargo) succeeds the President as 'Provisional President'. Section 3 of Article 5 outlines the duties of the Provisional President, stating that they will only hold the powers of the presidency as outlined by the Federal Congress essentially vesting all executive power upon Colombia's national legislature. Historically, Provisional Presidents have only served as ceremonial figures acting on behalf of members of the Congress.

Article 5 also outlines what is to be done once a President leaves office. Within 30 days a general election is to be called, allowing the citizenry to elect new members to both chambers of Congress and the Presidency. This was one of the compromises reached in 1935 when democracy returned to Colombia. This prevented a de-facto unelected leader, the Vice President, from running the country until the next scheduled elections. By limiting their power and forcing fresh elections, the drafters of the new constitution (among them was Rómulo Betancourt) believed that the nation would be able to further the power of the people over the government. Back then, some opposed these changes and even now, some doubt the viability of an election. Regardless, the election was set to go ahead.

Despite the prevalence of the AD in Federal and local elections, a multitude of other parties had successfully contested elections and served as viable opposition to the AD. In fact, many Departments and Municipalities had changed hands between the AD and several other opposition parties. Since 1936, the AD had lost various local elections to opposition parties giving them much less control over local administrations. The success of these local elections have many people hoping that the upcoming general election will be held successfully.

Over ten parties will be participating in the elections, with over two dozen more contesting local elections, including seats in the National Assembly and the Senate. However, the aforementioned parties have the highest chance of attaining any sort of success, even at a regional level. Among those ten parties, only a handful are expected to perform well in the general election. Many of the political groups running were unbanned or founded before or after the restoration of democracy in 1935. Others have been founded since then, allowing them to set up grassroots support across the entire nation.

Among the prominent parties set to contest the elections are the Liberal Party (PL), the Conservative Party (PC), Democratic Action (AD), the Democratic Republican Union (URD), the Colombian National Party (CNP), and the Independent Electoral Organization Committee (COPEI). Other political parties contesting the election include the Left Revolutionary Movement (MIR), the Liberal Revolutionary Movement (MRL), the National Democratic Front (FND), and the Nationalist Revolutionary Action party (ARN). While the former have firmly established themselves as the leading forces in the Colombian political sphere, the latter have rapidly risen in popularity especially after the resignation of President Betancourt.

While most political parties have ideologies and fall somewhere near the center on the left or right spectrum, others have embraced much more radical politics to either the right or left. However, most political parties follow a particular leader and often don't strictly follow their outlined ideologies. Policies can vary wildly depending on who holds control of the party's leadership. Therefore, most observers of Colombian politics tend to focus on the candidates running for election, rather than the party's themselves.

Leading the Liberal Party is Julio César Turbay Ayala. Known widely simply as 'Julio César', the Senator for Bogotá has distinguished himself as a 'man of the people' type. Coming from humble origins and outwardly rejecting the typical luxuries adopted by many of the nation's politicians, Turbay has stood out as one of the more humble candidates in the general election. Espousing a social liberal platform, he has vowed to tackle land reform, indigenous rights, and to liberalize the economy to promote economic growth. However, Turbay's campaign has been mired in critics and mockery due to his typically disheveled appearance and lack of a formal education.

The Conservative Party camp is being led by retired General, Wolfgang Enrique Larrazábal Ugueto. Coming to prominence during the 1935 Coup D'etat Attempt which tried to end efforts by General Enrique Gallo to restore democracy, Larrazábal led a group of infantry to seize putschists forces in the then capital of Caracas. While only a young officer then, he was hailed as a hero by newspapers who labeled his efforts as being instrumental in preventing the continuation of military rule. Since then, Larrazábal has dabbled in politics. He successfully ran for mayor in his native Carúpano before becoming a member of the Senate. While Larrazábal is not an avid or skillful politician, he has the popular will of the people and widespread support among soldiers across the country. Larrazábal is openly conservative and has embraced the Conservative Party platform which supports protectionism, a closer partnership with the United States and social conservatism.

Further on the right-wing side of the spectrum is perennial candidate and former mayor, José María Velasco. Velasco has, since 1940, run for various offices including the presidency and has lost each and every time. In 1953 he was elected mayor of the city of Cali for a single term. His administration was embroiled in various corruption and bribery scandals, making him lose the subsequent election. Since then, Velasco has taken the reins of the faltering Colombian National Party, espousing populist policies, social conservatism, the return of so-called lost territories from Britain, Panama and Perú-Bolivia and the suppression of 'progressive' ideas.

Serving as Provisional President since Rómulo Betancourt's resignation, Alberto Lleras Camargo has become the popular President's natural successor. Serving as Betancourt's third Vice President and running mate for the elections in 1952, 1956, and 1960, Lleras Camargo was seen as a potential successor to Betancourt. Despite their close friendship and Camargo's extensive government experience, his conciliatory attitude and moderate stances have made some doubt his ability to properly succeed the unapologetically progressive Betancourt.

Representing the center-right is the Democratic Republican Union and its leader, Guillermo León Valencia. Valencia has been a distinguished diplomat for many years. Among his various positions include Permanent Representative to the UN, ambassador to the United States, Brazil and Spain, and finally as foreign minister. Despite his conservative bias and disagreements with President Betancourt, he agreed to work with him as an Independent. After his resignation, Valencia resigned as well and returned to take up the presidential candidacy URN. Valencia has stood out as the leading voice of the nascent liberal-conservative movement in Colombia, espousing views that are both to the right and left of the political spectrum. Among his views is the introduction of limited free trade, improved social services, poverty alleviation, giving more power to the Departmental governments, improved ties with Latin American countries, and the removal of the Betancourt Doctrine which he has labeled as "too extreme."

Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez is the leader of COPEI and one of the foremost figures in the Christian Democracy movement. Beginning his life as an academic, he served as professor and wrote numerous books and essays on labor rights and law. In 1936, he became one of the founding members of the National Student Union which broke off from the left-wing Federation of Colombian Students. Later on, he ran for elected office and became the Governor of the Autonomous City of Caracas before being elected Senator for the city. While in office, Caldera promoted and popularized the ideas of Christian democracy and humanism. These ideas have translated into actual policy proposals including the expansion of social services and welfare, vast housing and infrastructure projects, poverty alleviation, mass literacy campaigns and support for farmers and workers in general.

Representing the most left-wing party of prominence is Manuel Agustín Ríos. An academic and left-wing thinker, Agustín is considered the foremost leader of the democratic socialist movement in Colombia. Rejecting Soviet 'revisionism and imperialism', Agustín Ríos and his MIR party have advocated for a neutral foreign policy, extensive land reform, higher taxes for the wealthy and the end of the Ecopetrol nationalization deal. He has condemned Betancourt as being too soft on social and economic policy while simultaneously denouncing the violent acts of the FARC. A pacifist and staunch believer in the idea of 'panhispanism' he has repeatedly outlined his belief in a multinational brotherhood of Latin American nations.

Raúl Leoni Otero leads the more centrist counterpart to MIR, the MRL. A former member of Democratic Action, Leoni was one of the few AD members to denounce Betancourt's 'imperialism presidency' and his tight hole over the party's structure. Departing after the 1952 election, Leoni helped found his current party and has become one of the loudest opposition voices in Congress. While agreeing with Betancourt on pretty much every policy, Leoni has taken a much more populist stance. He has also adopted a much more anti-American worldview, while viewing the Soviets and even China as potential partners. Leoni has also advocated for presidential and congressional term limits, and has self-proclaimed himself 'Colombia's defender of democracy'.

Occupying the spot of the election's most 'populist' candidate is Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy. Arosemena has spent most of his life in the National Assembly and has the unique distinction of switching political parties more than five times over the course of his decade-long career. Having a reputation for being fickle and opportunist, Arosemena has adopted many of the popular policies of Betancourt and has adapted them depending on public opinion. Popular among the poor despite his reputation, Arosemena has positioned himself fairly in the center and has become a leading figure in Colombia's surging syncretic politics. An open admirer of Juan Perón and former Colombian Supreme Chief Alberto Enríquez Gallo, Arosemena has pledged to bring back the times of peace that defined the brief yet historic term of the late General, while promising economic reforms.

While the old Colombian National Party is in decline, another party on the far right is on the rise. At its helm is Gilberto Alzate Avendaño. Alzate is the founder of 'Alzatismo' a Falangist, ultranationalist and populist ideology that advocates for the establishment of a strong state with a corporatist economy and a large military. Describing Benito Mussolini and Francisco Franco as his 'figures of inspiration', Alzate has picked up on the de-facto disenfranchisement of Colombian right-wing voters and disillusioned nationalists. Betancourt's lengthy presidency, resignation and the rise of FARC have given him even bigger appeal. Promoting the idea of a wider communist uprising in Colombia, he has pledged to crush the insurgency, expel foreign corporations and even to restore Colombia's rightful borders.

Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

JANUARY,1963

Islam Is Not The One True Path

______________________________________________

| President Hadif,would decide to abolish a policy that he feels isn't a necessity in Brunei.The [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=51304829]Islam Jalan Yang Benar[/URL] policy. |

| Hadif,would decide to publicise the abolishment of the policy by holding an interview,with a newspaper journalist.Hadif would say to the journalist,interviewing him:

[List][I]"The Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy,has been active since November,1955.Which is quite a long time for such a pointless policy to be active.Nearly 10 years.This policy and the 1954,[URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=50788179]Muslim Attire[/URL] are what I believe,to be useless and have only provided negatives to our nation."[/I][/list]

Hadif would then decide,to voice his opinions on Maziya Parti Nasional.Which were once the dominant force in politics.

[List][I]"Maziya Parti Nasional,calls themselves Malay Nationalist which I don't believe is accurate.They should be calling themselves something to do with Islam,rather then anything to do with Malay culture and identity.They are just a bunch of fools,who believe that a foreign religion (Islam) which came all the way from the Arabic peninsula,via trade routes into the Malay archipelago.As integral parts of Malay culture and identity.Personally I believe that Buddhism and Hinduism,would be more integral to our (Malay) culture and identity then Islam."[/I][/list][list] | [/list]

| With the abolishment of the Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy,comes a new policy to take its place.Called "Pengakuan Warisan Budaya" which was designed to be a reversal of the Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy. |

| The new Pengakuan Warisan Budaya,policy states that:

[List]- All religions,within Brunei are recognised.[I]The Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy,had previously denounced all religions asides from Islam.[/I]

- There would be no official national religion for Brunei.[I]Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy,had stated that Islam would become the national religion.[/I]

- Practicing of religion in temples and other religious sites are allowed.[I]The Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy,had banned the practice of religions outside of one's own home.[/I]

- Fasting season is no longer mandatory for all citizens.[I]Islam Jalan Yang Benar,stated that all citizens no matter their religion should practice fasting alongside the Muslims.[/I]

- Muslims are allowed to convert to any religion of their choosing.[I]Previously in the Islam Jalan Yang Benar policy,it stated that Muslims cannot convert to a different religion,in Brunei legally.[/I]

- Chinese New Year,Christmas and Diwali are national public holidays,alongside Eid al-Fitr.[I]Islam Jalan Yang Benar,had stated that only Eid al-Fitr would be celebrated.[/I] | [/list]

| However,Hadif would also implement some punishments as part of the new Pengakuan Warisan Budaya policy.They are:

[List]- Insulting another religion is punishable,by 2 years of prison.

- Vandalising a temple or other religious sites is punishable by death.

- Unauthorized destruction of a temple is punishable by death.Only the government is allowed to grant authorisation for the destruction of temples.

- Performing acts of indecency in temples or religious sites is punishable,by 10 years in prison.

- Performing acts of [I]sexual intentions[/I] in temples and religious sites is punishable by death. |[/list]

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

[pre]★ REPÚBLICA REVOLUCIONARIA CUBANA ★[/pre]

[sub] || JAN 1963 || [/sub]

[list][sup]CH2: CASTRO RETREATS, ADVISERS ENTREAT[/sup]

[sub]In the rugged mountains of Sierra Maestra, Fidel Castro has found his retreat from the chaos and disappointment of the past few months, smoking his pipe and staring at the natural beuty, he seems a little lost. A bit lankier than usual, though that has been the case for most Cubans in the wake of the American embargo. However his attitude, his naturally charismatic and fiery self is subdued. To whoever listens, Castro has complained about many issues, from the resolution of the Missile Crisis to the economic situation.[/sub]

[sub]Meanwhile within the busy centre of Havana, a 5-man 'Emergency Revolutionary Committee' convened by President Almeida has been formed that includes moderates Faustino Perez, Enrique Olruski, and Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, hardliner and brother of Fidel, Raul Castro, and finally the President himself Almeida. While under the premiership of Fidel, the role of President was devolved into nothing more than a figurehead, under Almeida it has regained several of its powers owing to Almeida's position as an advisor to Fidel and one of his close confidants.[/sub]

[sub]Endless debates filled the night as the men struggled over solutions to push Cuba back into its prosperity, with Yugoslavian and Soviet economic advisors occasionally chiming in. The five men discarded idea, and explored idea as the days went. Eventually the conclusion had settled on the development the Cuban economy through a controlled market mechanism before transitioning into the socialist economy, in a way resembling that of modern Yugoslavia, and New Economic Policy Soviet Union.[/sub]

[sub]Other topics ere part of these lively discussions, from foreign affairs in which a small pro-China camp advocated closer ties with Beijing at the expense of Moscow, to those that rejected this idea for the continuation of the lucrative relationship with the Soviet Union, to other topics such as culture in which plans were drafted to push Cuban entertainment, from cinema to music to the mainstream as a way to spread Cuba's soft power.[/sub]

[sub]Back to the Sierra Maestra, Castro has begun attempting to review all the missteps of the last 3 years, in an attempt to reform a strategy that will be able to lead Cuba into revolutionary glory. Surrounded by his close family, but often resigning himself to seclusion, Castro has adopted an almost pessimistic attitude to the affairs of the country, but has reminded himself of the need for Cuba to not fall down a path that it could not recover itself from. Fiery and vigor restored after a number of days reorganizing, Castro has returned to Havana with fire in his eyes, views for the future clearer and passion restored.[/sub]

[/list]

___________________

[pre]

VIVA CUBA!

VIVA FIDEL![/pre]

Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

PALAIS DE L’ELYSÉE[/pre][/list]

______

THE ÉLYSÉE PALACE: FRANCE JUGGLES THE IDEA OF FURTHER NUCLEAR COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES

[sub]VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, JANUARY 1963[/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF DÈMOCRATIE, PALAIS DE L’ELYSÉE - | The press conferences held by President Charles de Gaulle always resemble a ritual ballet. The Élysée Palace's crystal-chandeliered Salle des Fêtes serves as the stage, and the 700 newsmen who make up the corps de ballet are crammed rump to rump in rickety, gilt-painted seats. TV cameras, lights, and a desk positioned in front of a raspberry-red curtain serve as the props. Le grand Charles appears and tilts his head ponderously, peering through the TV flares and flash bulbs. Before the questions start, De Gaulle makes some opening remarks with a wave of the hand and a clearing of the throat.[/sub]

[sub]Charles de Gaulle cheerfully wished a happy new year to the reporters present at his annual press reception by raising his champagne glass. However he declined to address the subject that was on every reporter's mind: President Kennedy's proposal to provide France Polaris missiles. Le grand Charles responded with amazing restraint when a newsman brashly reminded the president of France that "Kennedy is offering them to you." Charles de Gaulle himself was unable to predict with precision what form the Polaris offer would ultimately take. Kennedy agreed to outfit the missile with British nuclear submarines in Nassau in exchange for the government pledging its Polaris fleet to NATO for the defense of all of Western Europe. The parameters sent to De Gaulle were "similar," but according to Administration officials; they could not have been "identical" without significant revisions to U.S. law. Due to the fact that France, unlike Britain, would almost definitely want aid in order to miniaturize its own crude warheads, which weigh 1,543 Ibs., or twice as much as the payload on the Polaris missile. France would also likely request assistance in designing new nuclear submarines for the missile.[/sub]

[sub]In a maybe-yes, maybe-no response to Kennedy last week, De Gaulle noted that such technical matters would require serious examination, even if he acknowledged that the suggestion was "interesting and important." Kennedy was reminded in the final paragraph of his letter of France's "national imperatives," or independent nuclear deterrent known as "Force de frappe". France cannot give up on its own project or renounce its efforts in the future just because Washington decides to make some suggestions, De Gaulle said. "We cannot accept Polaris missiles if that means we cannot continue our national effort at the same time. As a result, we will always support the national effort. We possess the Atom bomb, the Hydrogen bomb and very soon our own three-stage missiles will be readily available." De Gaulle continued: "The French interest is not always in line with the American interest. Situations alter. Interests can change. This will become increasingly true in the future, as we seek to give Europe a greater and greater weight and lowering the relative importance of outside influence as a result."[/sub]

[sub]The French attitude towards the U.S. stems mostly from their view point on nuclear technology as a whole which was discovered by a French physicist Pierre Joliot-Curie in 1939 when he proved at the Collège de France that neutron bombardment can sustain a chain reaction. That same year he took out a patent on both an atomic bomb and an atomic reactor. In May 1939, the French made a deal with the Belgians to develop both nuclear bombs and nuclear power for commercial use. The US refuses to recognize the French patents, it refuses to give the French any credit, and it refuses to compensate France for the heavy water it secured from Norway. Thus the French attitude is justifiable in the mind of De Gaulle. When U.S. Ambassador Charles E. Bohlen returned to Paris to personally inform De Gaulle that there is plenty of opportunity for discussion on the U.S. offer after traveling to Palm Beach to meet with Kennedy; a prompt choice didn't seem likely. These are extremely complex issues noted French Foreign Minister Maurice Couve de Murville. In De Gaulle's own words: "These are immensely far-reaching problems. One doesn't give them a single answer. One responds to them every day for ten years." |[/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐌

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Jammahirya Al-Arabiyya

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Arcanda

Batallon De Dignidad

Bhaarat Lok

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Cheezaslovakia

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Holy Vatican City States

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Los Estados Unidos De Suramerica

Ma-Li

Mayel Lyang

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Monaco-

Neepal

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Republica De Cuba-

Republican Irishmen

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Tallahan

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, Batallon De Dignidad, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Shari-Ubangi

[pre]| JANUARY JANVIER 1963 |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]CAR ★ THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka KTB

République centrafricaine RCF |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

THE HEART OF AFRICA - A YOUNG REPUBLIC:

CENTRAL AFRICANS ATTEMPTS TO ESTABLISH A WORKABLE GOVERNMENT AMONG TRIBAL AND FAMILY LINES!

LE CŒUR DE L'AFRIQUE - UNE JEUNE RÉPUBLIQUE :

LES CENTRAFRICAINS TENTENT D'ÉTABLIR UN GOUVERNEMENT FONCTIONNEL ENTRE LIGNES TRIBALE ET FAMILIALE !

[pre]| The heart of the African country had long been exploited or forgotten by the powers that be. Slavers raided the interior and colonizers took the little resources they could find to bring them to the coastal Colonies. The Central African Republic now surrounded by independent nations needed to establish itself in this new neighborhood, less it be a puppet for its neighbors. To it’s north and south sits the equally isolated Equatoria and Tchad, to the west coastal Cameroon with its ability to have decent ports it already surpasses The Central African Republic in every way, and to the east Sudan a Anglosphere state that could see The Central African Republic as easy pickings. |[/pre]

| INDEPENDENCE AND THE BOGANDA YEARS | L'INDÉPENDANCE ET LES ANNÉES BOGANDA |

[pre]| A man fatigued from his time in French politics advocating for Black Africa would return to Oubangui-Chari in 49’ and seek equality from the French Empire for Black Africa. Forming the foundations of MESAN {Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa} to fight for equality in the French Empire and would be stocked mainly with people from the villages and peasantry. This fight brewed till the 50s when French politics began to concede some of its control in the colonies to the people of the colonies and MESAN being an early proponent of this gained massive influence in the Colonial government. Boganda dreamed of a Equatorial Federation but alas he had to settle for establishing The Central African Republic as an autonomous territory allowing him to begin planning for the full independence of the CAR. Boganda would never see this occur though as he was killed in a plane crash in 59’ a year before independence was officially established from the French Empire. A man whose goals he hoped lived on through MESAN and would forge a bright path for the Young Republic would never see if this would occur. |[/pre]

| DACKO AND MESAN | DACKO ET MESAN |

[pre]| David Dacko the first President of The Central African Republic and the presiding ruler of the country gained influence and control swiftly after the death of Boganda. Dacko was of the Mbaka ethnic group and distant cousin of Jean-Bédel Bokassa, a military man. Before Independence Dacko was a part of the education system in the colony working in a large school in Bangui & head of a university and taking part in experimental French education programs in the colony before becoming an ardent supporter of Boganda during the independence movement. After The death of Boganda he took control of MESAN and led the Young Republic to independence from France. Dacko used his position of head of a newly created nation he established himself in full control of whatever was needed to keep him in power keeping the positions of Minister of Defense and Keeper of the seals and established MESAN as the sole political party of the Young Republic under the guise of securing stability and preventing the destruction of the Republic through part politics! A Young Republic formed with voting mattering only if your vote was for MESAN. Dacko established the power structure of Central Africa, everybody wants the power, but once you have it you are in more danger than you ever were in before… |[/pre]

[list][list][pre]UNITY, DIGNITY, WORK[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]UNITÉ, DIGNITÉ, TRAVAIL[/pre][/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Adriatican Islands

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Turkiye 1St

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Amsterwald, Pontianus, Saudi Arabiyah, Batallon De Dignidad, Metropolitan Francais, Abessinienreich, New Provenance, Tallahan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Assembled with Dot's Region Saver.
Written by Refuge Isle.