Post Archive

Region: Commonwealth of Liberty

History

The new Hungary, the Dawn of the new Communism

After the terrible events of 1956, with the uprising of the Hungarian people urged by anonymous Western agents against the Communist government, and the consequent pacification of the Hungarian nation and the following treaty, which granted a certain autonomy to Hungary in its internal affairs on condition that remain aligned with the Warsaw Pact; Hungary returned to full communist regime, order was re-established and the families of the few victims in this process were compensated with 740,000 Hungarian Forints (about 2,000 current euros), as head of the Hungarian Workers' Party was elected János Kádár, faithful collaborator of the USSR in Hungary and former Prime Minister before the revolution, who re-established his role, and who, initially, adopted a hard fist with the revolutionaries, but later, aware of Hungarian autonomy, he decided to avoid antagonizing the Hungarian people, who already did not look kindly on the re-established Communist Government, in January 1957 all the political prisoners of the revolution had already been released, and the new Government, after the resignation of Kádár in February of the same year, as head of government but not as Party Secretary, so I still retain great influence in governing the country.

The government that was elected later was a compromise government, in fact militants of the 1956 revolution were also involved, obviously from the communist side and highly supervised by the Secretary of the MSZMP, in fact the government is led by Géza Losonczy, a communist politician who had joined the revolution, and after the failure of the and returned to Hungary only after the reforms, and after 3 whole weeks of negotiations with Secretary Kádár, managed to get readmitted to the government with the promise to remain faithful to him, in the name of "He who is not against us is with us" policy. Kádár admitted it to the government to rehabilitate the image of the People's Republic to the Hungarian people, who seeing a revolutionary face, albeit a minor one, in the government would have brought them closer to communism, and above all to Losonczy's "New Communism", which promises reforms in favor of a left-wing pluralism within the party in the coming years, while retaining membership in the Eastern bloc.

Arcanda, Amsterwald, Osivoii, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

The Formation of the Manden Kurufa (Mali Federation)

April 3-4, 1959

|The Malian Constitution also called the Second Kouroukan Fouga (2nd Clearing on Granite Rock), as an homage to the first Malian constitution of 1235, was written and completed on April 3, 1959, nearly 724 years after the first constitution. The Federation officially was born into existence on April 4th.

Modibo Keïta delivered the founding speech before the assembled crowd of over 70,000:

“Ladies and Gentlemen... Comrades of the African Regroupment Party, after months of diligent work by the men and women here we have finally crafted a constitution. This constitution is called the 2nd Kouroukan Fouga to pay homage to our first great constitution created by Sundiata himself, nearly 700 years ago.

The Kouroukan Fouga was revolutionary for it's time. It provided women the right to have representation in all levels of governance. It establish a form of parliament in which every sector and job received a place. Establish environmental protections to ensure clear-cutting of bush and trees could not be done, and regulated where and when farming animals could graze. We of course recognise its limits. The Kouroukan Fouga still upheld the class of slavery, and its parliament was upheld by a class of noble families.

Nonetheless, it is in that spirit of modernity, and that spirit of reform that we revive the old ways. The old constitution, the old names, the old practices, and we modernize them to fit our needs. We may be a Federation of 14 doors, just as we had been in the past with the 12 doors of Mali, but we are one family and one nation!”

| Following the speech, once again politicians of the 14 different ethnic groups or “doors” of Mali stepped forward and signed the constitution, and stabbed their ceremonial spears:

•Mandé Kↄnↄ

•Mandé Kene Ma

•Fulani

•Wolof

•Serer

•Diola

•Balante

•Kissi

•Dogon

•Senufo

•Bobo

•Gurunshi

•Mossi

•Gurma

Despite having done this before. This ceremony would solidify the “eternal” bond of the people of Mali together as one family, and nation. Currently, there is no set date for independence; however, many expect it will be in 1960.

Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Maziya, Brazil Toucan, Chibirique

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=lachsyland/detail=factbook/id=1883716

Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ma-Li

Hiya!

I want to roleplay but I don't think I fit in here. Do you have any ideas of friendly regions that RP, I guess regions you embassy with could be nice?

Edit: I'll figure it out I suppose!

Cascadla, Kewtpuff

APRIL,1959

Maziya People's Party

______________________________________________

| Nearing the end of the month,two Malay men took to the streets of Jalan Brunei in Permata Bersinar.One man was holding onto a copy of [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=50895824]Wěi Yuán Xìnyǎng[/URL] and the other holding a small book,with a lot of pages.These two men positioned themselves at a very busy point in a market at Jalan Brunei,as people were purchasing meat,vegetables and fruits and farmers,fishermen were doing some [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=52307292]bargaining[/URL].One man would clap his hands to get some of their attention,with each clap being louder then the last to try and get more people's attention,due to the nature of the markets usually being very noisy and very much filled with people to the point where it's hard to walk around,on the busiest of days such as this.

| Once the two men were satisfied with the amount of people that seem to be looking at them,one man cleared his throat and introduced themselves as "H.M. Salleh" and "A.M. Azahari" the founder and co-founder of a new party called Maziya People's Party to "rival" Maziya Parti Nasional and bring back stability to the nation.H.M. Salleh would make a speech on leftist ideology in Maziya.

[List][I]"Leftist ideology such as socialism and communism,have been taken in a very negative light due to recent events and it's also the majority ideology of the ethnic Chinese,which due to the race based nationalism in which Maziya Parti Nasional functions on,have made socialism and communism seem like the ideology of Satan and will only bring about terrible things to the nation.

However Fong Wei Yuan,the last and only communist leader,who ever took power in Maziya didn't do much negatives as he tried to calm down race based violence with the [URL=https://www.nationstates.net/page=rmb/postid=48916554]Satu Maziya[/URL] program.However while Fong Wei Yuan,tried his hands at governing the nation,he ultimately made a mistake by holding a special election which gave Maziya Parti Nasional their current position and power in government.As far as I can see,they aren't doing much but the negatives they claim that leftist ideology would do to the nation and its obvious they must be in cahoots with the Royalist Party,why else would they evenly divide the seats in parliament of the Maziyan Communist Party after all members in the MZCP in parliament been shot dead.As far as I can tell the monarchy is also useless and is just a remnant of a bygone era in the Malay peninsula,we need to get rid of them.They get to live in pure bliss while the rest of us common folk have to struggle to survive because of the Aisy Rayyan administration!

While Fong Wei Yuan,may have brought leftist ideology towards the minds of the general public.Perhaps it's time,that leftist ideology should have the power in government and show how it can benefit the nation however it won't be by the Chinese who have adopted the ideology the most instead it will be us the Malays who will spearhead the ideology into government."[/I][/list]

| Once the speech was done,the two men would take off their [I]songkoks[/I] and A.M. Azahari would begin taking down people's names into his small book,for those who want to join Maziya People's Party.H.M. Salleh meanwhile would read Wěi Yuán Xìnyǎng loudly to the public to try and convince them to join his party if they aren't interested already.Meanwhile after listing down their names,Azahari would inform the person who's name he just listed,that whenever with another party member you can take off your [I]songkok[/I] or hijab.

______________________________________________

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Post by Lachsyland suppressed by Paramountica.

Lachsyland

United Carolinia wrote:Hiya!

I want to roleplay but I don't think I fit in here. Do you have any ideas of friendly regions that RP, I guess regions you embassy with could be nice?

Edit: I'll figure it out I suppose!

Try The League

Cascadla

[list]May, 1959

[sub]The end of Saudi Arabia relationship with UAR and Kurdistan and requesting aids from US.[/sub][/list]

[sub]For years the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have a friendly diplomatic relationship with Egypt and Kurdistan, especially with Saudi Arabia help Kurdistan free itself from their Turkish and Hashemite overlord in 1940 and close military and economic relations with Egypt. But now things have change and King Faisal bin Abdulaziz decided to end all diplomatic relations with Kurdistan and Egypt especially ending the guarantee of protection to Kurdistan and all military and economic projects with Egypt. King Faisal have many main reasons to do this.[/sub]

[sub]The first reason was Egypt and Kurdistan close relations with USSR, a superpower who would see the end of all monarchies and establishment of puppet communist regime to spread communism. The second reason was the formation of UAR between Egypt and Syria in October, 1957, which Faisal views as a serious challenge to the security of the kingdom. The third reason is the establishment of the Council for Trade and Mutual Cooperation (CTMC) by Egypt with Kurdistan and the Soviet Union in November, 1958, which Faisal believe that the soviet would spread their communist and anti-monarchies ideology to the Middle East, especially to the kingdom. The fourth and final reason was an attempted coup against him and the royal family by Egyptian trained Saudi Officers who were indoctrinated with pan-Arabism, Nasserist, and republican ideology in March, 1959. All these reasons is why King Faisal decided it was too dangerous to maintain relations with UAR and Kurdistan and decided to cut all diplomatic ties with them. Faisal has order the closure of Saudi embassy in Cairo and Kurdish capital city of Amed and withdraw Saudi Arabia from Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) including all military and economic projects with UAR. Finally, King Faisal send a telegram to President Dwight Eisenhower request arms deal and defense agreement Paramountica to protect the Kingdom from the growing threat of USSR influence in the region and the Nasser’s UAR along with to continue to upgrade the Saudi Military and train them.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Everybody ,have new idea to my government

[list][list]APRIL 1959

[sub]The Arab Betrayal! [/sub][/list]

CAIRO, EGYPT, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC, (Kotakuan Ii) — MORNING

| In the opulent halls of the presidential palace in Cairo, President Nasser of the United Arab Republic received a telegram that carried significant news from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As he unfolded the message, his brows furrowed, and a sense of disappointment settled over him. The words contained within the telegram revealed a decision that shattered the once amicable diplomatic relationship between their nations. For years, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had fostered friendly ties with Egypt and Kurdistan. Their alliance had been solidified by a shared history, particularly when Saudi Arabia had played a crucial role in aiding Kurdistan's liberation from Turkish and Hashemite dominance in 1940. Likewise, military and economic cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Egypt had strengthened their bond. |

| However, a new era had dawned, casting a shadow of change upon the kingdom's ruling monarch, King Faisal bin Abdulaziz. His decision to sever diplomatic relations with both Kurdistan and Egypt struck at the core of their long-standing camaraderie. The telegram revealed a web of reasons intricately woven, explaining King Faisal's drastic action. The first reason cited was the growing concern over Egypt and Kurdistan's close ties with the Soviet Union. King Faisal, like many rulers of his time, viewed the USSR as a superpower with an insidious agenda to dismantle monarchies and impose puppet communist regimes. The fear of communism's pervasive influence had gripped the monarch's heart, fueling his determination to safeguard his kingdom from its encroachment. |

| Another factor that King Faisal found deeply troubling was the establishment of the United Arab Republic between Egypt and Syria in October 1957. The ambitious union, led by President Nasser himself, was seen by King Faisal as a potent challenge to the security of his kingdom. The very formation of the UAR posed a threat to the traditional order of monarchies that had long dominated the Middle East. Further intensifying the king's concerns was the creation of the Council for Trade and Mutual Cooperation (CTMC) between Egypt, Kurdistan, and the Soviet Union in November 1958. King Faisal feared that this collaboration would serve as a conduit for the Soviet Union to spread its communist and anti-monarchical ideologies throughout the Middle East, with his own kingdom squarely in their sights.

|

| However, it was the fourth reason that struck the deepest blow to King Faisal's trust. The attempted coup against him and the royal family in March 1959, orchestrated by Egyptian-trained Saudi officers, had shaken the foundations of his confidence. These officers, imbued with pan-Arabism, Nasserism, and republican ideals, had been manipulated by a vision that clashed with the monarchy's cherished traditions. The betrayal felt by King Faisal cut deep, leading him to believe that maintaining relations with the United Arab Republic and Kurdistan was a risk too great to bear.|

| In response to his fears and disappointments, King Faisal had swiftly implemented a series of measures. Orders were issued to close the Saudi embassy in Cairo and the Kurdish capital city of Amed. Saudi Arabia formally withdrew from the Arab Organization for Industrialization, severing all military and economic ties with the United Arab Republic. With a heavy heart, King Faisal sought solace and support from another powerful ally, the United States. A telegram requesting arms deals and a defense agreement was sent to President Dwight Eisenhower. King Faisal hoped that by fortifying his military capabilities, he could shield his kingdom from the mounting influence of the Soviet Union and the perceived threat posed by the UAR under President Nasser's leadership. As President Nasser finished reading the telegram, he leaned back in his chair, contemplating the profound shift in their relationship. The decision made by King Faisal had severed a once-strong bond and cast a shadow of uncertainty over the future of their nations.|

| The Council for Trade and Mutual Cooperation (CTMC) between the United Arab Republic (UAR), Kurdistan, and the Soviet Union was disappointed yet not entirely surprised by Saudi Arabia's hostile and defensive actions. While the abrupt severance of diplomatic relations shattered their established ties, the CTMC recognised the underlying ideological differences and regional power dynamics that fueled Saudi Arabia's decision. What the CTMC was not expecting, although, was the complete Saudi Arabian pivot from western alignment to a United States puppet regime … |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

May 1959

[sub]Newauroria — AFTERNOON[/sub]

v

|

Alouette 1: Canada's First Satellite Launch

In May 1959, Canada achieved a significant milestone in its space program with the launch of its first satellite, Alouette 1. This momentous event marked Canada's entry into space research and exploration. Let's delve into the dialogue surrounding the Alouette 1 satellite mission, its objectives, significance, and the impact it had on Canada's space program.

Reporter: Ladies and gentlemen, today we witness a groundbreaking moment in Canadian history as Canada launches its very first satellite, Alouette 1, into space. This satellite signifies Canada's entry into space research and exploration.

Scientist: Alouette 1 is a joint project involving the Canadian government, universities, and industry partners. Our objective is to study the Earth's ionosphere, the region of the upper atmosphere that influences radio wave propagation and communication.

Reporter: When is the launch scheduled, and what can we expect from this mission?

Scientist: The launch of Alouette 1 is scheduled for today, May 29, 1959. Once it reaches space, it will enter a low-Earth orbit at an altitude of approximately 1,450 kilometers. Equipped with advanced instruments like Langmuir probes, ion traps, and a top-hat plasma probe, the satellite will collect data on the ionosphere's characteristics.

Reporter: What makes this mission significant for Canada?

Scientist: This mission is of immense importance for Canada, as it marks our first step into space research and development. Alouette 1 showcases Canada's technological capabilities and commitment to scientific exploration. It positions Canada as a leader in the field, being the world's first satellite dedicated to studying the ionosphere.

Reporter: What impact will this satellite have on our understanding of the ionosphere?

Scientist: Alouette 1's data will provide valuable insights into the ionospheric plasma density, electron temperature, ion composition, and electron density irregularities. This information will enhance our understanding of the Earth's upper atmosphere and its interactions with solar radiation. It will have implications for telecommunications, weather forecasting, and radio wave propagation studies.

Reporter: What do you envision for the future of Canada's space program?

Scientist: The success of Alouette 1 paves the way for future Canadian space missions and collaborations. We anticipate continued exploration of the ionosphere and further advancements in space research. This achievement strengthens Canada's position in the international space community and opens doors for partnerships with other space-faring nations.

As Canada launched its first satellite, Alouette 1, in May 1959, the nation embarked on a new era in space research. This mission marked Canada's entry into space exploration and its commitment to scientific progress. Alouette 1's launch contributed to our understanding of the ionosphere and positioned Canada as a leader in the field. This momentous event set the stage for future space missions, propelling Canada's space program to new heights.

|

[spoiler=[sub]General[/sub]

A Satellite Launch

—]

Ababemba

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Maziya, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Greetings free nations of the Commonwealth of Liberty!

Cascadla, Ma-Li

[list][list]MAY 1959

[sub]Economic Miracles[/sub][/list]

[pre]O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O[/pre]

RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil Toucan — MORNINGTIME

[sub]CATETE PALACE[/sub]

| After the end of the war, the Brazilian HENRIQUE PEDRO SANSON expanded his factory in Rio to manufacture boilers. In 1950 he went into oil storage tanks, in 1956 into specialized truck bodies. Along with many other businesses, SAN-SON’s company is experiencing a boom that has increased Brazil’s GNP by 63% over the past ten years and boosted the per capita GNP by 29% — allowing for a population increase from 48,348,000 to 62,725,000. While Sanson and his family see their businesses generate so many profits, economists with conservative views are dismayed by facts and figures that seem to promise serious economic problems. The cost of living has increased 365% since 1948, 27% in 1957 and 1958. More than 120 billion cruzeiros, each worth four-fifths of a cent at the free exchange rate (v. 20.5 billion, each worth 5.4 cents, compared to ten years ago). Having earned $248 million from foreign trade in 1956, Brazil plummeted to a loss of $97 million in 1957, a loss of $166 million in 1958. Loan interest, loan repayments, and huge long-term installments will eat up $338 million in foreign exchange. |

| Although the same size as the United States, Brazil was still a poor, non-industrialized, coffee-based country after World War II. Now Brazil has an extensive network of highways, modernized railroads, more than $1 billion in new hydroelectric dams, improved ports and even a new $100 million capital city — Brasília — which focuses all Brazilian eyes on the unexplored west. Along with this public investment, the private sector grew at an accelerated pace: |

[list][list]▌[sub]Car production went from zero in 1955 to 66,316 vehicles in 1956, forecast to increase to 110,000 this year and 274,000 in 1961—90% made-in-Brazil by weight and 95% by value.[/sub]

▌[sub]Heavy industry grew to produce turret lathes, 50,000-kw generators and 100-ton forgings. Tin and aluminum refineries were also created.[/sub]

▌[sub]Steel production, which was 1,150,000 tons in 1955, rose to 1,500,000 tons in 1958, and is expected to increase in 1962 to 3,500,000 tons.[/sub]

▌[sub]An appliance industry that barely existed in 1955 in 1958 produced 21,000 vacuum cleaners, 50,000 washing machines, 135,000 floor polishers, 150,000 televisions, 200,000 refrigerators, 300,000 electric mixers, 631,000 sewing machines, 660,000 radios.[/sub][/list][/list]

| The economics of the Brazilian boom is a bet with crossed fingers. The government’s development money comes from the printing press, bringing with it inflation, high cost of living, catch-up wage increases and currency devaluation. But the basic plant and factories that are built tend, in the process, to contain inflation — hopefully — by increasing the best inflation control there is, productivity. The net of government policy is a spending philosophy made up of periodic and fruitless efforts to cut the budget deficit, contain imports, juggling wages, prices and the exchange rate. For the inevitable gap between income and outgo, Brazil’s President JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK relies on loans from Washington (which Brazil always pays on time). KUBITSCHEK received $600 million in aid. Recently, American and Brazilian diplomats were negotiating a new aid package of up to $300 million. |

| The odds against KUBITSCHEK’s gamble paying off would drive away foreign support. But Brazil, possessing some of the richest resources in the world, can do it. Over the past four years, $1,784,000,000 in private foreign capital — including 23% of all West German investments abroad — has gone to Brazil in the belief that prospects are good. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Ma-Li

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR[/pre][/list]

______

MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR: "I ALONE" PROCLAIMS DE GAULLE — THE NEW FACE OF FRANCE

[sub]VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, MAY 1959[/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF LIBERTÉ, MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR - | Standing on a platform alongside the 13th century cathedral of Bourges and all its esteemed clergy members, the towering, droop-shouldered figure called out the single word, "Algeria!" Then he paused and peered down at the hundreds gathered in the square before him. The crowd had come to cheer Charles de Gaulle's progress on his automobile pilgrimage to Orléans to celebrate the 530th anniversary of the liberation of that city from the English by Joan of Arc.[/sub]

[sub]Not only the medieval backdrop gave the scene a curiously old-fashioned air. A scrupulous republican, Charles de Gaulle nonetheless seeks to recall a past regal grandeur. Last week his photograph, in the evening dress uniform of an armored-forces general, was ordered displayed in every public building in France. In the same grand manner, De Gaulle at Bourges took up the national nightmare that has haunted Frenchmen for 4½ bloody years: "I say to Bourges, without of course fixing any date, without making any promises, without vaunting any presumptuousness, yet in the full knowledge of the facts, that the day is in sight when Algeria will be pacified. This will come thanks to a general effort by all those who live there to succeed in a profound transformation of this country in order that all its sons—I say all its sons—can determine their fate and the fate of the lands they inhabit."[/sub]

[sub]De Gaulle's pronouncement, perhaps the most optimistic he has allowed himself; sent a wave of applause through his audience and a wave of astonishment through professional politicians. In Algiers last week the French army boasted that the rebels had suffered an average of 900 casualties a week in March and April, which was a claim that scarcely suggested that the Algerian fighting was dwindling. A rebel spokesman, far from denying the French claim, declared that the rebels were in fact losing up to 500 men a day, but that, despite this, their army had grown to 60,000 men. Only three days before De Gaulle spoke in Bourges, one of the worst riots since the Algerian war began broke out in Constantine, Algeria's third largest city. Enraged by a rebel attack outside town on two young Europeans and their teenage dates—one girl was kidnaped, the other three youngsters murdered—a mob of settlers surged through Constantine's streets wrecking Muslim shops, beating up such hapless Muslim citizens as fell into their hands. The next day Muslim youths counterattacked in the streets, wielding knives, razors and steel-tipped clubs against Constantine's Europeans.[/sub]

[sub]Nonetheless, in his oblique fashion, Charles de Gaulle seemed to be indicating that he knew something that everyone else had missed. A heady scent of behind-the-scenes bargaining was in the air. Modifying the rebels' previous insistence that any negotiations must be held in neutral territory, Ferhat Abbas, the self-proclaimed "Prime Minister" of the Algerian rebel government, announced that he would be willing to go to Paris to talk with De Gaulle after preliminary contacts in a neutral country. Abbas added candidly: "There is no military solution to the Algerian problem." In Paris the leftist weekly L'Express flatly reported that the De Gaulle government has been in touch with the rebels, using Indian and Lebanese diplomats as intermediaries. As a sign that bygones were bygones, De Gaulle had invited along the popular British Ambassador as well.[/sub]

[sub]In Paris, De Gaulle summoned Algerian Deputy Pierre Laffont, the liberal publisher of Echo d'Oran, to a meeting, then authorized Laffont to publish its substance afterwards. De Gaulle managed to excoriate :his French critics in Algeria—and satisfy them at the same time. The F.L.N., De Gaulle assured Laffont, "does not represent Algeria or even the Muslims of Algeria. I have informed all bona fide states that France would immediately withdraw its ambassador from any country that recognized this political organization." De Gaulle had no intentions of negotiating independence with the rebels, only a ceasefire. Many began to ask: "But then why had De Gaulle always refused to use the word "integration," meaning that Algeria is as integral a part of France as Normandy? De Gaulle responded: "What have I done since I have been in power? In 1943 I gave the Muslims the right to vote. Isn't this already integration? Those who shout loudest for integration are the selfsame people who opposed this step then. What they want is for somebody to give them back Papa's Algeria. But Papa's Algeria is dead, and if they don't understand that, they will die with it. As for the word's political significance, what does it mean? That Algeria is French? Is there any point in saying so, since it is a fact?"[/sub]

[sub]In thus adopting the language of the French settlers in Algeria, if not necessarily their attitude, De Gaulle overnight eased the settlers' tension. In Algiers next day, the municipal council chose as mayor not the extremist who seemed assured of the post, but a moderate who became the first Muslim ever to be elected head of the city. For the settlers in Algeria there was further good news in the capture of Mustapha Stambouli, one of the rebel F.L.N.'s "secretaries of state," who promptly rallied to the De Gaulle call for "a peace of the brave." Charles de Gaulle had one final message for the jumpy French settlers, who aspire to bend Metropolitan France to their demands: "I alone can bring a solution to Algeria.'' |[/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐌

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Allbania, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

Administrative Imbroglio and the “Rule of the Kafo-Tigui”

1958

Despite the various declarations of unity, and marching together, the immediate shift of Mali from an idea, to an actual nation was fraught with extensive difficulties.

Most important among these was the administration. Already suffering from disintegration from French West Africa, the various understaffed and truncated bureaucratic structures, functionally collapsed with the sudden integration into a wider system. Newly created departments and rules had to be merged, or entirely rebuilt. Exasperating this situation further was the stated desire of the government to begin shifting towards N’ko, a natively created Mandé script and standardized language that very few spoke, or used. On top of attempting to do their jobs, these bureaucrats also had to try and learn a new writing system, which made communication between N’ko-speaking, and non-speaking provinces impossible.

Even at a provincial level, the creation of new states brought people from neighboring colonies into one state further straining their functionality.

This decade-long period would lead to something referred to as the “Rule of the Kafo-Tigui.” or Rule of the County Master, the title given to county administrators. Due to their smaller size, and being less important in the integration scheme, the Kafo-Tigui would be largely left untouched, unmandated, and their borders not redrawn. This meant the Kafo-Tigui were able to exert extensive influence over their constituencies, and often collected and handled federal and state taxes due to the massive disorder within the upper levels of government. Of course, this state of affairs allowed some Kafo-Tigui to become extravagantly wealthy as they skimmed off the top of tax money.

The later villagization projects too would bring groups more under Kafo-Tigui control, with the states mandated to use force to quash the resistance. Many Kafo-Tigui became influential, even after the period ended, with many becoming businessmen or landlords. Even in the modern day, many large businesses and realty companies could trace their father or grandfather to these Kafo-Tigui.

For the average citizen not much changed. the government had always been largely decentralized. In fact, the Kafo-Tigui became seen as a big centralized government due to their imposition of tax collection, villagization; and later tribal war.

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Asharken, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan

[list][list][list][pre]STATUS CIVITATIS VATICANAE

VATICAN CITY STATE

THE HOLY SEE[/pre][/list]

______

SECRETARY OF STATE OF HIS HOLINESS: SAINT PETER'S TOMB EXHUMED REVEALING CONVINCING RELICS

[sub]VATICAN CITY | ROME, JUNE MCMLIX[/sub][/list]

[sub]| SECRETARIUS STATUS SANCTITATIS SUAE - | No body has ever been the subject of such detailed and delicate detective work as the remains of the biblically renowned fisherman, Simon, whom Jesus renamed Peter. For though, according to tradition and Roman Catholic doctrine, Peter was the first Bishop of Rome, from whom the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven have been handed down to the succession of Popes, no absolutely conclusive evidence of his presence in Rome has yet been found.[/sub]

[sub]In the fourth century Emperor Constantine built the first basilica of St. Peter's on the site of his supposed tomb in an ancient cemetery, and in the present 16th century basilica, the tomb of Peter traditionally lies beneath the Altar of the Confession which is reserved to the Pope himself. Over the past 20 years, careful digging has uncovered a number of Christian tombs beneath the altar, with the strong probability that one of them was indeed Peter's; but there was no name or sign to mark it, only a maze of graffiti, scratchings of names, initials and symbols on the ancient stones. Last week Professor Margherita Guarducci, age 56, a slender, youthful-looking spinster who is professor of Greek epigraphy at Rome University, announced that she had found in these graffiti carvings strong new evidence that St. Peter had been buried where tradition has placed him.[/sub]

[sub]For 5½ years Dr. Guarducci and her sister Maria pored over the strange crisscross of signs and letters in the grottoes beneath the altar, comparing them with those in the catacombs in and near Rome. Gradually, the searchers began to find significant repetitions, and meanings began to take shape. The 2nd century Christians, driven underground by persecution, developed a mystical code. Commonest of the symbols, and still in use today, is the chi rho —a combination of the first two Greek letters of the word Christ to form a <SUB>χ</SUB>ρ. Similarly, early Christian worshipers and pilgrims used the Latin letters P and E for Peter, M for Mary, T for the Cross. These were often inserted in the names of the worshipers and those they wished to commemorate. Thus the name CRISPINA is written with a Greek X fused with the P, making the chi rho and indicating Crispina's devotion to Christ; beneath the T in the name RENATO, an E is drawn, signifying Peter's crucifixion.[/sub]

[sub]The PE symbol in various combinations occurs again and again in the crypt beneath the confession altar, says Dr. Guarducci. "Everyone naturally expected to find Peter's name spelled out and was disappointed not to find it. But it is there in monogram form, with the E placed at the foot of the P to make it look like a key." The symbol she described looks something like this: ρ<SUB>∑</SUB>. In one place, on the so-called "Red Wall" running north and south in the excavations and dating to about 160 A.D., Dr. Guarducci sees something still more significant. Under the Greek letters for P, E, T and R are some letters that could be an abbreviation of the Greek word enesti. Taken together, the letters would mean "Peter is buried here."[/sub]

[sub]Following the discovery of bones that had been transferred from a second tomb under the monument, Pope John XXIII said that the relics of Saint Peter had been identified in a manner considered "convincing". Only circumstantial evidence was provided to support the claim. The grave allegedly lies at the foot of the aedicula beneath the floor. The remains of four individuals and several farm animals were found in this grave. Subsequent testing indicated that these were the bones of a 60 to 70-year-old man. Margherita Guarducci argued that these were the remains of Saint Peter and that they had been moved into a niche in the graffiti wall from the grave under the aedicula "at the time of Constantine, after the peace of the church" in 313.[/sub]

[sub]The Catholic Church has yet to reveal the relics of Saint Peter to the Christian world, but Pope John has assured the masses that they will be displayed to crowds once further testing is completed and the Church is one-hundred percent confident that they are in fact the remains of the first Bishop of Rome.[/sub][/list]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto,

Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐄

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Newauroria, Greater Adriatican State

[pre]| NOVEMBER НОЯБРЬ 1958 |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]USSR ★ UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик CCCP |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

MACHINE TRACTOR STATION SET TO STAY:

EARLIER DISCUSSIONS IN THE YEAR TO ABOLISH MTS PROGRAM RETRACTED AS KHRUSHCHEV PROMISES TO KEEP THE PROGRAM WHILE SEARCHING FOR EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS!

СТАНЦИЯ МАШИННОГО ТРАКТОРА ОСТАЕТСЯ:

ПРЕДЫДУЩИЕ В ГОДУ ДИСКУССИИ О ОТМЕНЕ ПРОГРАММЫ МТС ЗАКРЫТЫ, ТАК КАК ХРУЩЕВ ОБЕЩАЕТ ПРОГРАММУ СОХРАНИТЬ В ПОИСКАХ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ!

[pre]| The Machine Tractor Station was a staple in rural Soviet Society. Agencies established across rural regions in the Republics set up to provide farming equipment cheaply to all farmers. Intense debates were held on the topic of dissolvement of the program and selling off the equipment to the kolkhoz. Initial Comrade Khrushchev seemed in favor with this plan of action to give more agency to the Kolkhoz, he went on a tour of rural Kolkhoz and during a trip to a Kolkhoz in the Baranavichy Voblast of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic he had a change of heart. Repeatedly farmers voiced their concerns over possible debts for the purchase of machines and the breakdown of machinery leading to increased in-efficiency across the Kolkhoz system. On return to Moscow, Khrushchev made a statement ensuring the upkeep of the Machine Tractor Station Network. |[/pre]

[list][list][pre]WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]ТРУДЯЩИЕСЯ МИРА ОБЪЕДИНЯЙТЕСЬ![/pre][/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Greater Adriatican State

[list][list]The Kingdom of Greece, Hellas in the Latter Half of the 1950s: A Brief Overview!, 1956-1959

Το Βασίλειο της Ελλάδας, Η Ελλάς στο τελευταίο μισό της δεκαετίας του 1950: 1956-1959

[/list][/list]

[list][list][list]Adriatican Islands, Hellas, 3 Years On! - Hellas, 3 χρόνια μετά![/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]| THE STATE OF THE NATION, GREECE: | Η ΚΑΤΆΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΈΘΝΟΥΣ, ΕΛΛΆΔΑ: |[/pre][/list][/list]

[list]| Following the second landslide victory of the Greek Rally in the 1956 Greek Parliamentary Elections, led by Prime Minister Alexandros Papagos who was now on his second term as PM - the state of Greek politics was now firmly set, Greece was a steadfast center-right wing nation, allied with the West. Political parties such as the People's Party also fell out of favor, and the rise of the Greek Political Centre also began to gain popularity in recent years. The Greek political climate had also calmed down, with the communists slowly fading out of the public memory, Greece was now a stable nation, with almost all internal issues resolved by the Papagos Administration. Along with this, the Greek Monarchy also saw a new rise in popularity, with frequent campaigns by the Greek Royal Family visiting rural areas of Greece, further boosting their already stable image with the public. In June 1958, another event happened that further bolstered the monarchy's popularity - Crown Prince Constantine II's growing-up ceremony. The ceremony celebrated the young Crown Prince's 18th birthday, which also marked the start of him now performing official royal duties. And in September 1958, 10 Years of King Pavlos' reign was celebrated all across Greece. |[/list]

[list]| Prime Minister Papagos and King Pavlos proved to be an excellent duo, some would even compare the two to former Prime Minister Metaxas and King George II of Greece, a mere 20 years before. The duo also proved popular far beyond Greece's borders, with both men being sent on diplomatic meetings with Greece's allies. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]"Η Ελληνική μοναρχία δίνει σταθερότητα στη στεφανωμένη δημοκρατία, είναι εκεί για να ενώνει όλους τους Έλληνες κάτω από έναν ηγέτη. Η μοναρχία μας ενώνει, και συνεχίζει να στέκεται ισχυρή στο έθνος μας. Η μοναρχία μας θυμίζει τις παραδοσιακές μας αξίες ως Έλληνες, και συνεχίζει να κλείνει το χάσμα των μεγάλων πολιτικών διαχωρισμών."

[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre](English: "The Hellenic monarchy gives the crowned democracy stability, it is there to unite all the Hellenes under a single leader. The monarchy unites us and continues to stand strong in our nation. The monarchy reminds us of our traditional values as Greeks, and continues to close the gap of the great political divides.")[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][pre]- Prime Minister of Greece, ALEXANDROS PAPAGOS[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[list]| However, it was not just politics that changed in Greece, her economic sector had changed too. What people are now calling "The Greek Economic Miracle" reached its peak in 1958, with Greece's economy having a growth rate of an estimated 10%, along with a sharp rise in Greek industrial production, exceeding 10% over the past 2 years. Tourism also reached an all-time high in Greece, with more public beaches being opened, making Greece appealing to tourists. This also came with further construction of public and private infrastructure, specifically large apartment buildings, most of them being by the beachside and closer to rural areas in Greece, these apartment buildings being widely popular amongst the Greek and foreign populous. The now famous Greek Line also contributed, with the Line's tourism campaigns contributing a good chunk to Greek tourism, along with a rise in the Greek merchant industry. The merchant industry, in particular, was led by business magnate Aristotle Onassis, with Greece now controlling the world's biggest privately owned merchant fleet. |[/list]

[list]| Greece was also the target of foreign investments, with Greece securing large investment deals, in particular with the Dominion of Canada (Newauroria), with the Canadians investing $500,000,000 into Greek Infrastructure. It was not only Canada who invested, however, with large swathes of Greece's allies investing in Greek tourism too, in particular with the Greek Line, in which the Greek Government was also receiving quite a big cut out of. The Greek Drachma was also devaluated, making Greece's goods more appealing and competitive in the global market. It was not only foreign investments that further drove the Greek economy, however, with large mines being opened throughout Greece, particularly in the Aegean Islands. Greece's large mineral deposits were opened up, further boosting economic growth as metals such as bauxite were now in high demand. the Greek chemical industry was also further utilized, which was now contributing an estimated 4% to the Greek economy. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]"Η ελληνική οικονομία συνεχίζει να ευημερεί παρά τις πολλές προκλήσεις του έθνους μας. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε όλο και περισσότερο κάθε χρόνο και το 1959 είναι μια χρονιά που η ελληνική οικονομία προβλέπεται να αναπτυχθεί έως και 11,5%. Αυτή η ανάπτυξη είναι μια όμορφη επίδειξη του πώς η Ελλάδα μπορεί να σταθεί μόνη της, και απλά πόσο πολύ οι σύμμαχοί της συμβάλλουν στην οικοδόμηση του ελληνικού έθνους. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε στην παγκόσμια αγορά και έχουμε μεγάλα σχέδια για το έθνος μας, πολύ μεγάλα σχέδια μάλιστα."

[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre](English: "The Greek economy continues to thrive despite our nation's many challenges. We continue to rise more and more each year, and 1959 is a year that the Greek economy is predicted to grow up to 11.5%. This growth is a beautiful display of how Greece can stand on her own, and simply how much her allies contribute to Hellenic nation-building. We continue to rise in the global market, and we have big plans for our nation, very big plans indeed.")[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][pre]- Greek Economic Minister, SPYROS MARKEZINIS[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[list]| Lastly, the Greek Armed Forces were further bolstered over the past three years, with the planned addition of Nike Hercules Surface-to-air Missiles to the Royal Hellenic Air Force by 1960, the skies of Greece were further bolstered following a donation of 50 AF-100 Canuck Interceptors from the Canadians. This gesture was greatly appreciated by the Greek government and further strengthened Greco-Canadian Relations. The Royal Hellenic Army was also strengthened, with the addition of 396 M47 Patton Main Battle Tanks, and 390 M48 Patton Main Battle Tanks from the United States. Along with this, Greece's domestic arms industry was also reformed, with all domestic producers of equipment for the Greek Armed Forces being united into the Hellenic Arms Industry, or the HAI (EBO in Greek). Greece's Medium Tanks too are now under modernization, with projects to release a new GMT-60 Medium Tank, and with plans to buy foreign light tanks. Lastly, the Jewel of the Hellenic Armed Forces, Greece's pride - the Royal Hellenic Navy. In a shocking yet expected move, 4 out of the 6 capital ships of the Greek Navy were decommissioned, as they could no longer keep up with the rest of the fleet, these ships being the two Aetos and Athena Class Battleships, built before World War I, and could be modernized no more. The rest of the fleet continued to be modernized, with both of the Salamis Class Battlecruisers constantly being kept up to date to compete with Yugoslavia's Tito Class Supercruisers. The Greek Navy remained strong, however, with two additional Fletcher Class Destroyers being added to the fleet. There are also plans for a renewed 1960 Naval Expansion Program, which sought to modernize the Hellenic destroyer fleet, and also for additional cruisers. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]"Η ελληνική οικονομία συνεχίζει να ευημερεί παρά τις πολλές προκλήσεις του έθνους μας. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε όλο και περισσότερο κάθε χρόνο και το 1959 είναι μια χρονιά που η ελληνική οικονομία προβλέπεται να αναπτυχθεί έως και 11,5%. Αυτή η ανάπτυξη είναι μια όμορφη επίδειξη του πώς η Ελλάδα μπορεί να σταθεί μόνη της, και απλά πόσο πολύ οι σύμμαχοί της συμβάλλουν στην οικοδόμηση του ελληνικού έθνους. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε στην παγκόσμια αγορά και έχουμε μεγάλα σχέδια για το έθνος μας, πολύ μεγάλα σχέδια μάλιστα."

[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre](English: "The Royal Hellenic Armed Forces is now stronger than ever. We continue to modernize by the day, and we remain a formidable force in the Balkans. Our nation stands as a mighty shield on the European continent, fighting against the evil that is communism. We are here along with our allies, standing as a bastion of European and global defense.")[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][pre]- Greek Defense Minister, KONSTANTINOS KARAMANLIS[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[list]| Overall, the years from 1956-1959 have been good years for the Kingdom of Greece. Greece remains a strong bulwark against communism, being one of the last bastions of hope and democracy in the Balkans. It is a mighty and flourishing nation, 8,288,000 citizens strong. Long Live Hellas, Long Live the Cause for Democracy and Freedom! |[/list]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler][/list][/list]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Allbania, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Newauroria, Greater Adriatican State

Adriatican Islands wrote:[list][list]The Kingdom of Greece, Hellas in the Latter Half of the 1950s: A Brief Overview!, 1956-1959

Το Βασίλειο της Ελλάδας, Η Ελλάς στο τελευταίο μισό της δεκαετίας του 1950: 1956-1959

[/list][/list]

[list][list][list]Adriatican Islands, Hellas, 3 Years On! - Hellas, 3 χρόνια μετά![/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]| THE STATE OF THE NATION, GREECE: | Η ΚΑΤΆΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΈΘΝΟΥΣ, ΕΛΛΆΔΑ: |[/pre][/list][/list]

[list]| Following the second landslide victory of the Greek Rally in the 1956 Greek Parliamentary Elections, led by Prime Minister Alexandros Papagos who was now on his second term as PM - the state of Greek politics was now firmly set, Greece was a steadfast center-right wing nation, allied with the West. Political parties such as the People's Party also fell out of favor, and the rise of the Greek Political Centre also began to gain popularity in recent years. The Greek political climate had also calmed down, with the communists slowly fading out of the public memory, Greece was now a stable nation, with almost all internal issues resolved by the Papagos Administration. Along with this, the Greek Monarchy also saw a new rise in popularity, with frequent campaigns by the Greek Royal Family visiting rural areas of Greece, further boosting their already stable image with the public. In June 1958, another event happened that further bolstered the monarchy's popularity - Crown Prince Constantine II's growing-up ceremony. The ceremony celebrated the young Crown Prince's 18th birthday, which also marked the start of him now performing official royal duties. And in September 1958, 10 Years of King Pavlos' reign was celebrated all across Greece. |[/list]

[list]| Prime Minister Papagos and King Pavlos proved to be an excellent duo, some would even compare the two to former Prime Minister Metaxas and King George II of Greece, a mere 20 years before. The duo also proved popular far beyond Greece's borders, with both men being sent on diplomatic meetings with Greece's allies. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]"Η Ελληνική μοναρχία δίνει σταθερότητα στη στεφανωμένη δημοκρατία, είναι εκεί για να ενώνει όλους τους Έλληνες κάτω από έναν ηγέτη. Η μοναρχία μας ενώνει, και συνεχίζει να στέκεται ισχυρή στο έθνος μας. Η μοναρχία μας θυμίζει τις παραδοσιακές μας αξίες ως Έλληνες, και συνεχίζει να κλείνει το χάσμα των μεγάλων πολιτικών διαχωρισμών."

[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre](English: "The Hellenic monarchy gives the crowned democracy stability, it is there to unite all the Hellenes under a single leader. The monarchy unites us and continues to stand strong in our nation. The monarchy reminds us of our traditional values as Greeks, and continues to close the gap of the great political divides.")[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][pre]- Prime Minister of Greece, ALEXANDROS PAPAGOS[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[list]| However, it was not just politics that changed in Greece, her economic sector had changed too. What people are now calling "The Greek Economic Miracle" reached its peak in 1958, with Greece's economy having a growth rate of an estimated 10%, along with a sharp rise in Greek industrial production, exceeding 10% over the past 2 years. Tourism also reached an all-time high in Greece, with more public beaches being opened, making Greece appealing to tourists. This also came with further construction of public and private infrastructure, specifically large apartment buildings, most of them being by the beachside and closer to rural areas in Greece, these apartment buildings being widely popular amongst the Greek and foreign populous. The now famous Greek Line also contributed, with the Line's tourism campaigns contributing a good chunk to Greek tourism, along with a rise in the Greek merchant industry. The merchant industry, in particular, was led by business magnate Aristotle Onassis, with Greece now controlling the world's biggest privately owned merchant fleet. |[/list]

[list]| Greece was also the target of foreign investments, with Greece securing large investment deals, in particular with the Dominion of Canada (Newauroria), with the Canadians investing $300,000,000 into Greek Infrastructure. It was not only Canada who invested, however, with large swathes of Greece's allies investing in Greek tourism too, in particular with the Greek Line, in which the Greek Government was also receiving quite a big cut out of. The Greek Drachma was also devaluated, making Greece's goods more appealing and competitive in the global market. It was not only foreign investments that further drove the Greek economy, however, with large mines being opened throughout Greece, particularly in the Aegean Islands. Greece's large mineral deposits were opened up, further boosting economic growth as metals such as bauxite were now in high demand. the Greek chemical industry was also further utilized, which was now contributing an estimated 4% to the Greek economy. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]"Η ελληνική οικονομία συνεχίζει να ευημερεί παρά τις πολλές προκλήσεις του έθνους μας. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε όλο και περισσότερο κάθε χρόνο και το 1959 είναι μια χρονιά που η ελληνική οικονομία προβλέπεται να αναπτυχθεί έως και 11,5%. Αυτή η ανάπτυξη είναι μια όμορφη επίδειξη του πώς η Ελλάδα μπορεί να σταθεί μόνη της, και απλά πόσο πολύ οι σύμμαχοί της συμβάλλουν στην οικοδόμηση του ελληνικού έθνους. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε στην παγκόσμια αγορά και έχουμε μεγάλα σχέδια για το έθνος μας, πολύ μεγάλα σχέδια μάλιστα."

[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre](English: "The Greek economy continues to thrive despite our nation's many challenges. We continue to rise more and more each year, and 1959 is a year that the Greek economy is predicted to grow up to 11.5%. This growth is a beautiful display of how Greece can stand on her own, and simply how much her allies contribute to Hellenic nation-building. We continue to rise in the global market, and we have big plans for our nation, very big plans indeed.")[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][pre]- Greek Economic Minister, SPYROS MARKEZINIS[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[list]| Lastly, the Greek Armed Forces were further bolstered over the past three years, with the addition of Nike Hercules Surface-to-air Missiles to the Royal Hellenic Air Force, the skies of Greece were further bolstered following a donation of 50 AF-100 Canuck Interceptors from the Canadians. This gesture was greatly appreciated by the Greek government and further strengthened Greco-Canadian Relations. The Royal Hellenic Army was also strengthened, with the addition of 396 M47 Patton Main Battle Tanks, and 390 M48 Patton Main Battle Tanks from the United States. Along with this, Greece's domestic arms industry was also reformed, with all domestic producers of equipment for the Greek Armed Forces being united into the Hellenic Arms Industry, or the HAI (EBO in Greek). Greece's Medium Tanks too are now under modernization, with projects to release a new GMT-60 Medium Tank, and with plans to buy foreign light tanks. Lastly, the Jewel of the Hellenic Armed Forces, Greece's pride - the Royal Hellenic Navy. In a shocking yet expected move, 4 out of the 6 capital ships of the Greek Navy were decommissioned, as they could no longer keep up with the rest of the fleet, these ships being the two Aetos and Athena Class Battleships, built before World War I, and could be modernized no more. The rest of the fleet continued to be modernized, with both of the Salamis Class Battlecruisers constantly being kept up to date to compete with Yugoslavia's Tito Class Supercruisers. The Greek Navy remained strong, however, with two additional Fletcher Class Destroyers being added to the fleet. There are also plans for a renewed 1960 Naval Expansion Program, which sought to modernize the Hellenic destroyer fleet, and also for additional cruisers. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]"Η ελληνική οικονομία συνεχίζει να ευημερεί παρά τις πολλές προκλήσεις του έθνους μας. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε όλο και περισσότερο κάθε χρόνο και το 1959 είναι μια χρονιά που η ελληνική οικονομία προβλέπεται να αναπτυχθεί έως και 11,5%. Αυτή η ανάπτυξη είναι μια όμορφη επίδειξη του πώς η Ελλάδα μπορεί να σταθεί μόνη της, και απλά πόσο πολύ οι σύμμαχοί της συμβάλλουν στην οικοδόμηση του ελληνικού έθνους. Συνεχίζουμε να ανεβαίνουμε στην παγκόσμια αγορά και έχουμε μεγάλα σχέδια για το έθνος μας, πολύ μεγάλα σχέδια μάλιστα."

[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre](English: "The Royal Hellenic Armed Forces is now stronger than ever. We continue to modernize by the day, and we remain a formidable force in the Balkans. Our nation stands as a mighty shield on the European continent, fighting against the evil that is communism. We are here along with our allies, standing as a bastion of European and global defense.")[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][pre]- Greek Defense Minister, KONSTANTINOS KARAMANLIS[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

[list]| Overall, the years from 1956-1959 have been good years for the Kingdom of Greece. Greece remains a strong bulwark against communism, being one of the last bastions of hope and democracy in the Balkans. It is a mighty and flourishing nation, 8,288,000 citizens strong. Long Live Hellas, Long Live the Cause for Democracy and Freedom! |[/list]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler][/list][/list]

June 1959

[sub]Newauroria — AFTERNOON[/sub]

v

|

Canada to Donate 50 AF-1 Canucks to Greece in a Landmark Gesture of Bilateral Cooperation

In an extraordinary display of diplomatic goodwill and strategic partnership, the Canadian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Hazen Argue, has made a momentous announcement: Canada will donate 50 AF-1 Canucks, the country's versatile and highly capable jet fighter aircraft, to Greece. This decision, motivated by a deep commitment to international alliances and regional security, solidifies Canada's position as a reliable ally and a proponent of global stability.

During a press conference held on a crisp June morning, Prime Minister Hazen Argue stood before a gathered crowd of reporters and dignitaries, ready to unveil the exciting news. The anticipation in the room was palpable as the Prime Minister cleared his throat and began his address.

Prime Minister Argue: Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, thank you for joining us today. I stand before you to announce a historic decision that will further strengthen Canada's relations with our esteemed partners in Greece. It is with great pleasure that I share with you the news of Canada's intention to donate 50 AF-1 Canucks to Greece as a symbol of our enduring friendship and commitment to global security.

The room erupted with a flurry of camera clicks and the murmurs of excitement as the significance of the announcement settled in. Among the attendees was Greek Ambassador Sophia Katsaros, who couldn't contain her enthusiasm at the prospect of this new chapter in bilateral cooperation.

Ambassador Katsaros: Prime Minister Argue, on behalf of the Greek government and people, I want to express our heartfelt gratitude for this generous donation. The AF-1 Canucks are renowned for their advanced technology and capabilities, and we are truly honored to receive such a significant contribution to our defense forces. This gesture further strengthens the deep bonds between our nations and reinforces our joint commitment to regional security and stability.

Prime Minister Argue nodded appreciatively, acknowledging the ambassador's heartfelt words before continuing his address.

Prime Minister Argue: The AF-1 Canucks, manufactured by Avro Canada, have long been the backbone of our defense capabilities, ensuring the safety and security of our airspace. It is only fitting that we extend this same level of protection and support to our valued allies in Greece. These aircraft represent the pinnacle of Canadian engineering and innovation, and I have no doubt that they will greatly enhance Greece's defense capabilities.

A reporter raised a hand, seeking further clarification on the timeline for the transfer of the AF-1 Canucks.

Reporter: Prime Minister Argue, could you provide us with more details regarding the logistics and timeline for the donation of the AF-1 Canucks to Greece?

Prime Minister Argue: Certainly. The transfer of the AF-1 Canucks to Greece will commence next year. However, before the aircraft are handed over, a comprehensive assessment and necessary maintenance will be conducted to ensure their optimal performance. Our teams will work closely with Greek authorities to facilitate a seamless transition, providing any technical assistance required.

The reporter nodded, satisfied with the Prime Minister's response, and the room buzzed with anticipation once again. Another reporter chimed in, inquiring about the significance of this donation in the broader context of Canada's foreign relations.

Reporter 2: Prime Minister Argue, how does this donation reflect Canada's broader foreign policy goals and commitments to international peacekeeping efforts?

Prime Minister Argue: Excellent question. This donation of 50 AF-1 Canucks to Greece is a testament to Canada's dedication to international peacekeeping efforts and our commitment to being a responsible global citizen. By bolstering the defense capabilities of our allies, we contribute to a safer and more secure world, fostering global peace and stability. It also underscores the strength of our bilateral relations and our shared commitment to upholding democratic values and the rule of law.

The press conference continued, with Prime Minister Argue and Ambassador Katsaros answering a myriad of questions from reporters eager to delve deeper into the significance of this momentous announcement. The dialogue and exchanges between the Canadian and Greek officials showcased the mutual respect and camaraderie that underpinned their partnership.

As preparations for the transfer of the AF-1 Canucks to Greece began, both nations eagerly anticipated the next steps in strengthening their bilateral ties and expanding their collaboration in defense and security matters. This donation was more than just a symbol of goodwill; it represented a long-lasting commitment to supporting one another and promoting international peace and security.

In conclusion, Prime Minister Argue and the Canadian government's decision to donate 50 AF-1 Canucks to Greece marked a historic milestone in the countries' defense cooperation. The generosity and strategic foresight displayed in this act of diplomatic goodwill further solidify the enduring friendship between Canada and Greece. As the transfer process unfolds, the world watches with anticipation, knowing that this significant gesture will shape the future of Canadian-Greek relations and pave the way for enhanced collaboration across various fields.

|

|

The Opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway

In June 1959, a historic event took place in Canada—the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway. This monumental project, a collaborative effort between Canada and the United States, aimed to create a navigable waterway connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The completion of this ambitious undertaking marked a significant milestone in maritime transportation and had far-reaching implications for trade, transportation, and economic development.

The St. Lawrence Seaway, comprising a system of locks, canals, and channels, opened up new possibilities for international shipping. By providing a direct route for large oceangoing vessels to access the heartland of North America, the seaway revolutionized trade patterns and transformed the economic landscape of the region. With the seaway's opening, the Great Lakes became a bustling hub for global commerce, facilitating the movement of goods and resources between North America and the world.

The impact on trade and transportation was immediate and profound. The seaway significantly reduced shipping distances and costs, making it an attractive and efficient alternative to other transportation modes. It opened up new markets, allowing Canadian and American businesses to expand their reach and compete on a global scale. The seaway also facilitated the transportation of bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, and grain, supporting the growth of industries and bolstering economic activity in the region.

The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway sparked a period of economic growth and industrial transformation in Canada. Ports along the seaway experienced a surge in activity, leading to the development of new infrastructure, including terminals, warehouses, and manufacturing facilities. The increased maritime traffic created employment opportunities and stimulated investments in industries related to shipping, logistics, and trade. As a result, the region experienced a boost in economic prosperity, with new businesses flourishing and existing industries expanding their operations.

The international trade relations of Canada were greatly influenced by the St. Lawrence Seaway. The seaway strengthened ties between Canada, the United States, and other nations, fostering greater cooperation and collaboration in trade and commerce. It facilitated the movement of goods between North America and Europe, Asia, and other parts of the world, promoting bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. The seaway also played a crucial role in positioning Canada as an important player in global trade and cementing its reputation as a reliable and efficient trading partner.

While the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway brought tremendous

economic benefits, it also raised environmental considerations. The construction of the seaway involved significant alterations to the natural waterways and ecosystems, leading to ecological impacts. Efforts were made to mitigate these effects through the implementation of environmental management strategies, including the construction of fishways and the establishment of protected areas. The ongoing monitoring and conservation efforts continue to ensure the sustainable use of the seaway and its surrounding environment.

In conclusion, the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in June 1959 was a momentous event in Canadian history. It transformed trade and transportation patterns, stimulated economic growth, and solidified Canada's position in international trade relations. The seaway's impact on the region's economy and its role as a vital maritime corridor cannot be overstated. Today, the St. Lawrence Seaway stands as a testament to the engineering ingenuity and vision that have shaped Canada's infrastructure and contributed to its development as a global economic powerhouse.

|

[spoiler=[sub]General[/sub]

A Donation And A Grand Opening

—]

Ababemba

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Greater Adriatican State

Does anyone know the requirements to be able to submit issues?

[list][list]JUNE 1959

[sub]English Country[/sub][/list]

[pre] O U R C O U N T R Y S I D E S [/pre][sup]A Singular¹[/sup]

[list][sub][pre]“The English countryside,

its growth and its destruction,

is a genuine and tragic theme.”[/pre][/sub][/list]

[list][sub]— E.M. FORSTER[/sub][/list]

THE HOUSES OF WESTMINSTER, Great Britain Gb — AFTERNOON

[sub]LONDON, Great Britain Gb[/sub]

| HENRY BROOKE, Baron Brooke of Cumnor — present MINISTER OF HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT under the MACMILLAN MINISTRY — was more known publicly as the driving force behind government efforts to make London a smokeless zone. The position of Housing and Local Government Minister had never been particularly flashy or public — the true focus of the media was on the Home Secretary, the Foreign Secretary, and of course, the Prime Minister himself. Brooke operated quietly and efficiently, serving as a trusted partner and deputy behind Prime Minister HAROLD MACMILLAN — who moved into NO. 10 in 1957. Moving into the new year, and with the SIXTIES and a potential political reorienting approaching, BROOKE had taken it upon himself to assume responsibility for advancing amendments to the TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT OF 1947, that provided for the establishment and creation of GREEN BELTS. |

| GREEN BELTS, under the Town and Country Planning Act, were a general policy for controlling urban growth. The term was coined by OCTAVIA HILL in 1875, and refers to a ring of countryside where urbanization was resisted, maintaining an open area where local food growing, forestry, and outdoor leisure could take prominence. The fundamental aim of the policy was to prevent rapid urbanization and destruction of the countrysides. The first green belt — the METROPOLITAN GREEN BELT — was first proposed by the Greater London Regional Planning Committee in 1935. The green belt policies went national under the Town and Country Planning Act, which allowed local authorities to include green belt proposals in local development plans. Green belts are primarily situated around major urban areas, most prominently around LONDON, LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER. |

| In 1955, former Minister of Housing and Local Government — DUNCAN SANDYS, had proposed for local authorities across the country to protect land around towns and cities by ramping up the amount of land formally designated as clearly defined green belts. He began the process to clearly define the Metropolitan Green Belt and ensure the enforcement of the code that would ensure the “maintenance of adequate open, green space around urban areas” — a policy that Brooke as Housing Minister sought to maintain. |

| With the quiet nod from the PRIME MINISTER, Brooke worked behind the scenes in WESTMINSTER to work towards amendments to the Town and Country Planning Act that would expedite proposals for green belts across the country. The policy was ardently opposed by LABOURITES, who condemned it as being responsible for rising housing costs, as the policy prevented building in significant plots of land around areas subject to greater growth — urban areas. Nonetheless, Brooke and the Macmillan government pledged to expanding green belts across the country, with Brooke describing it as: |

[list]| [sub]HENRY BROOKE, Minister for Housing and Local Government[/sub] | “To maintain the greeneries around our metropolitan areas is to maintain the very essence of Britain, to protect her heritage and her unique landscapes.”[/list]

____________

[sub]¹ A Singular: being a one of one post on a matter, expanded upon possibly at a later date without a pre-drafted connection.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE NATIONALE[/pre][/list]

______

MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE: A NORMAL LIFE IN ALGERIA DESPITE CONTINUED F.L.N. ATTACKS

[sub]VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, JUNE 1959[/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF WARFARE, MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE NATIONALE, FRANÇAIS RÉPUBLIQUE - | It was a bustling Saturday evening in downtown Algiers, and as the Rue d'Isly swirled with last minute shoppers, there was a sharp explosion. When the smoke lifted, there lay underneath a shattered car all that was left of a 16-year-old Muslim who had held on to his grenade too long. Unnoticed among the curious crowd that gathered, a soberly dressed, respectable-looking, middle-aged Frenchwoman quickly bent down and picked up one of the dead terrorist's severed fingers. Putting it in her handbag, she snapped the clasp and slipped away.[/sub]

[sub]There is still hatred in Algeria, but increasingly it is the isolated, furtive exception of the Frenchwoman rather than the general fever that prevailed before De Gaulle stepped in a year ago. Two years ago the explosion in the Rue d'Isly would have brought the paratroopers out in force, perhaps led to dozens of arrests, or might have set European mobs to rioting against Muslims in reprisal for terrorist outrages. However last month, an hour after the grenade blast, the crowds on the Rue d'Isly were as thick as ever; most Europeans looked upon the wreckage and passed by, as if it had simply been a ghastly accident. This changed attitude is not all on the European side. A month before, a terrorist was spotted before he could explode a bomb in a crowded square; he fled with a mob in hot pursuit, and was caught and nearly killed as people banged his skull against a wall. Remarkably, most of the mob were Muslims. "Papa's Algeria is finished," said Charles de Gaulle recently. The changes that began with De Gaulle's social and economic promises to the Muslims, and with an improved military situation, are visible everywhere, reports L'Express Correspondent Jean-Paul Sartre, who first went to Algeria on assignment in 1952, and has returned often since. The barbed wire has come down. No longer is everyone frisked before entering any cinema, shop or hotel.[/sub]

[sub]Army patrols still make periodic rounds, and Muslim taxi drivers must have their passengers fill out special destination forms if they are to be taken outside the city limits. But in Algiers' dark, conspiratorial bistros, the talk these days is more likely to be about "les affaires" than assassinations. De Gaulle has made the army his chief economic arm in raising Muslim living standards, and fat army contracts for roads and schools—plus vast Saharan oil investments—have spread a new prosperity across Algeria. Algiers, Bōne, Oran and the villages on the oil route to Hassi Messaoud are booming. From Algiers to Bordj-bou-Arréridj, a town in an area where the rebels are still active, the highway thunders with big trucks carrying pipeline equipment. A year ago, from Palestro onward—the rebel zone—the same road was almost deserted. The astonishing thing now is that mingling with the steady stream of trucks are families, both European and Muslim, in private cars, ignoring the charred remains of a car by the roadside and taking in stride the signs warning motorists not to stop and that the road is closed after 6:30 at night. For more than four long, strife-torn years, Algeria had little local politics. There have since been three elections under De Gaulle, and as a result the majority of mayors across Algeria are now Muslim, Algiers itself with a population of 500,000 has a Muslim mayor, and Muslims increasingly are taking over administrative posts. The bar of Algiers' Aletti Hotel today resembles a smoking room of the National Assembly in Paris; politicians and lobbyists outnumber hotel guests 3 to 1, and talk about their problems with surprising openness. One Muslim municipal councilor, who won election on the Gaullist right-wing U.N.R. ticket, says: "Do not be fooled by our labels; they are really flags of convenience. The threat of arrest still hangs over us. But we say what we feel."[/sub]

[sub]In the tough back country, French hopes of creating a new Muslim spirit rise with each convert they win away from the rebel F.L.N.; no longer is Muslim support of the French confined to the docile, despised beni-oui-ouis (yes men). One village mayor switched sides abruptly after the brutal 1957 Melouza massacre by the F.L.N. Another convert was hardy Mohammed ben Chickh, only a year ago top sergeant in a crack F.L.N. commando outfit. Last September he rode into a French army post on a mule, and explained he had grown disillusioned with the war. "We've got to put an end to this," he says, "because only then can we start building a new Algeria and recover our dignity." There is irony and a tribute to De Gaulle's astuteness in the fact that the French army, which was talking revolt against the government in Paris a year ago, has been entrusted with the political task of winning the Gaullist peace. Though France's military activity is greater than ever before, the army officers for the most part execute De Gaulle's fraternization policies faithfully. Many now direct their hatred at those who in the days of "Papa's Algeria" created the conditions that provoked the rebellion: the big absentee landlords; the inefficient officials who allowed the predatory caïds to rule as they pleased; the illiterate smalltime clerks, policemen and tradesmen who lorded it over the Muslims, despising, humiliating and at the same time fearing them.[/sub]

[sub]In Sétif, the army mess recently invited more Muslims than Europeans to a tea, and warned Europeans that if they did not mix with the Muslim guests, "only one conclusion could be drawn"—that fraternization was a myth. One French captain wrote a dozen letters to local rebels, promising them amnesty if they left the F.L.N. to resume normal lives in their villages. Several replied in almost friendly fashion, one saying that he wanted to wait and see what came of De Gaulle's forthcoming meeting with the King of Morocco. That meeting, if it takes place, would imply high-level Muslim approval of recent French progress—civil as well as military—in Algeria. However another replied, symbolizing the many Algerians yet to be won over: "You are not fit to serve as the recipient for the excrement of our liberation army." Essential to French success in Algeria is destroying the F.L.N.'s prestige. The recent rebel decision to "increase mobility" by cutting down the size of its units was widely interpreted in Algeria as a sign that the F.L.N. was in trouble. F.L.N. Colonel Si Nasser retorted that "however determined French operational forces may be, they must first make contact with us and force us to fight." The French point happily to the defensive tone of "force us to fight." In an effort to isolate the rebels, the French have increased their artillery firepower along the Tunisian border to the point where it is almost impossible for the rebels to get supplies and men across without enormous losses.[/sub]

[sub]So many times did previous French officials overoptimistically declare that the war was in its "last quarter-hour" that now, when optimism is plainly more justified, it is more soberly put. Time is now proving De Gaulle's greatest ally in Algeria. Faced with increasing military pressure and declining Muslim support, the F.L.N. seems uncertain whether to respond with heightened terrorism or to try political persuasion of its own. With fanfare this week, the rebels released a young Frenchwoman, Marie-José Serio, whose mother had made a direct appeal to the F.L.N.'s sense of humanity. At the same time however, they shot dead a captured Muslim whose sister-in-law, Rebahi Khebtani, is one of the three new Muslim women Deputies in the French Assembly. She was unaware of the shooting as she rose in the Assembly in Paris that evening, but her personal tragedy made her remarks all the more eloquent of the change in Algeria: "A year ago I still wore the veil. It is true that thousands of us joined the maquis, and others helped them. But it was because there had been a series of faked elections, because the Muslims lacked everything: schools, hospitals, maternity centers. It was Papa's Algeria, with its parade of corruptions. I am one of those who never despaired in France, in De Gaulle who restored our confidence . . ."[/sub]

[sub]Whatever sense of optimism the F.L.N. had felt was quickly torn away last week, on a steamy night in Bone, the residents of Algeria's fourth largest city with a population of 120,000 slept comfortably in the knowledge that, despite nearly five strife-torn years of war, the F.L.N. had never dared attack a big town. Less than three miles away, bivouacked in a French orange grove midway between the city and Bone's airport, a commando force of 47 rebels waited tensely for dawn. The tight French defenses on the Morice Line had been partially flooded, and the rebels had slipped through them the day before from a Tunisian base camp, carrying money and supplies to reinforce rebels hiding in Algeria's Kabylie Mountains. They obviously hoped, by a bold stroke, to counter the growing impression that the tide had turned against them in Algeria. But at dawn a French armored-car patrol spotted the rebels, and within an hour more than 3,000 French troops had encircled the tiny orange grove. Thirty green-bereted paratroopers of the Foreign Legion led the first French attack. The rebels, being well dug in behind orange trees and with no place to retreat, put up such steady, accurate fire that the legionnaires fell back. The French commander ordered air support, and for two hours the citizens of Bone from their windows watched wheeling Dassault Super Mystere jets slam rockets into the orchard. Then the legionnaires went back in, this time behind a squadron of tanks, to clean up.[/sub]

[sub]By noon it was all over. In the unequal battle 31 rebels were killed, all but one of the 16 captured were wounded. French losses: 6 dead, 15 wounded. Before capture the surviving rebels destroyed three powerful radio transmitters and 10 million francs intended for isolated rebel units in the Algerian interior. |[/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐌

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, Vancouver Straits, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Ma-Li

79 years ago today 10s of thousands of young men stormed the Beaches of Normandy most of these men where on average younger than 21. yet these Hero's accomplished more in their short life's altering the course of history than any of us could ever hope to achieve.

may all of those who died that day and those survived and lived out their lives with the horrors that undoubtedly haunted them until their deaths after the war. Rest in peace. and may God Bless the few of them who still Remain with us.

🇺🇸🇬🇧🇨🇦🇩🇪

Paramountica, Cascadla, Metropolitan Francais, Adriatican Islands, Allbania, Ma-Li

Post by Lachsyland suppressed by Paramountica.

Lachsyland

The Waste Land wrote:79 years ago today 10s of thousands of young men stormed the Beaches of Normandy most of these mmen where on average younger than 21. yet these Hero's accomplished more in their short life's than altering the course of history than any of us could ever hope to achieve.

may all of those who died that day and those survived and lived out their lives with the horrors that undoubtedly haunted them until their deaths after the war. Rest in peace. and may God Bless the few of them who still Remain with us.

🇺🇸🇬🇧🇨🇦🇩🇪

The Waste Land wrote:79 years ago today 10s of thousands of young men stormed the Beaches of Normandy most of these mmen where on average younger than 21. yet these Hero's accomplished more in their short life's than altering the course of history than any of us could ever hope to achieve.

may all of those who died that day and those survived and lived out their lives with the horrors that undoubtedly haunted them until their deaths after the war. Rest in peace. and may God Bless the few of them who still Remain with us.

🇺🇸🇬🇧🇨🇦🇩🇪

There are only a few thousand still alive so do what you want with that information but we must never forget their sacrifice

Post by Kalzapatia suppressed by Paramountica.

Kalzapatia

funny cause my country was on the axis side

Post self-deleted by Iosheyya.

[sub]GRAN COLUMBIA[/sub]

[sub]LOCATION: VENEZUELA[/sub]

[sub]REGIONAL CAPITAL BUILDING[/sub]

"We want independence! Independence! Say it with me! Independence! INDEPENDENCE!" yells Antonio Iglesias, the leader of the Panamanian Independence Movement. It had been months, and the strain growing in Panama got worse, and soon, the National Guard was called in to stop the protests. Luis Dominguez, a Senator of the Panamanian National Congress, spoke out against the Venezuelans. But, one day in May, everything changed. It was a Monday, and everyone went to work, or was at school. As people were taught and all, a national broadcast came along. Hundreds of people waited to hear their Glorious Leader, Sergio Alvarez. What was said, was a gamechanger for Colombia. "Hello my fellow Colombians. As you may have already heard, there have been protests, around the country. But today, is the end of them. And the reason why, is because Gran Colombia, shall start to unite its people into one. It is time to hear the peoples voice, and listen to their demands, for the future of this country. Amen."

Meanwhile, in the Colombian National Congress, there was an argument. One of the Senators who was Pro-West had got into a vocal fight with a Pro-Eastern Senator. Soon, a fistfight broke out, and as this happened, the protests came back. They have one more demand, but as they tried to enter, Police, with National Guard forces, started to fight with the crowd. But then, soon some protestors got into the building, and a all out fight began, between Westerners, Easterners, and the Protestors. All of a sudden, when the fire could've started, tens of hundreds of police started to arrest protestors, and Congressmen alike. The Country was in chaos from there, which led to Colombia asking Brazil and the USA for paramilitary help, with aid sent too. The next day, the protests stopped, and peace was returned to Colombia.

A Emergency Government now started, as centralization efforts began, with force being used if necessary. Sergio Alvarez was overthrown by the Military, and they immediately formed a Emergency Government as stated above, under their control. Reforms were made, and the country was back on track. General Ivan Lozano, a Military Commander, ordered the immediate buildings of roads, highways, mines, and more, and the immediate excavation of rich things in soil, like diamonds, rubies, etc. Oil was drilled, and soon, the economy was booming to a high level. Though, Political Freedom in Gran Colombia, was normal, with things like supporting a political party allowed, but not really speaking out against the government and all. The worst was Civil Rights, which was only limited to Colombian People, and not many Foreigners.

Soon, after Colombia got back on its feet, it started oil drilling on the Venezuelan Coast, as it also started to try and find newer, better, energy sources. But, protests continued, and soon, it looked as it a Revolution would begin. It never began though, as the Government started to fix things, like the Civil Rights and Political Issues in the country. The military was also strengthened, and invested in, and from there, a 3 Year Plan begun, to modernize the country even more, beyond roads and highways. Industrialization began, with Brazil being asked to help send foreign aid and equipment to try and help modernize the country into a South American Powerhouse. At home, Colombia started its Space Program, trying to compete with the other powers side to be the first one into Space and all.

It looks as if Colombia may be on the rise, to maybe even be a world power.

Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

[list]June 1959

[sub]Split in Half[/sub][/list]

[pre]A N E W E R A[/pre]

| The CDU/CSU's Bundestag party conference filed quietly back to their seats after casting their secret ballots at the Christian Democratic Union headquarters in Frankfurt. The party's membership in the Bundestag - numbering 201 members in total - now had the responsibility of essentially selecting the next Federal Chancellor of Germany, after Konrad Adenauer had served successfully for almost a decade. The party and her sister coalition partner, the Free Democratic Party (FDP), still had a majority in the Bundestag, and thus the CDU/CSU leader elected today would become the de facto Second Federal Chancellor. The race was effectively a tossup between Economy Minister Ludwig Erhard and Baden-Wurtttemburg Minister-President Kurt Georg Kiesinger, both of whom were considered the frontrunners in terms of support among the conference and among support from the party base itself, an influential factor. The deciding factor would most likely be the group of socially centrist CDU/CSU deputies who had occasionally voted with the SPD on various social-oriented legislation, and were leaning towards a minor candidate, HILDEGARD BLEYLER. |

| KONRAD ADENAUER, the current Chancellor and the frontrunner for Federal President in the 1959 presidential elections coming in just a few days, was in the hall, speaking to the various candidates. As a member of the Bundestag for the CDU, he would himself be casting a ballot in the race, but he had personally refused to offer any endorsements. It was, however, indicated that he head leanings towards KIESINGER, who many considered as having a slight edge over Erhard, the Economy Minister. As the ballots came in and the votes were tallied, the room was tense. Kiesinger and Erhard were practically neck-to-neck, with all other candidates falling behind rapidly. There was suspense until the end, when; |

[list][pre]FIRST ROUND OF VOTING

KURT GEORG KIESINGER - 72 votes (35.8%)

LUDWIG ERHARD - 65 votes (32.3%)

HEINRICH LUBKE - 30 votes (14.9%)

FRANZ JOSEF STRAUSS - 29 votes (14.4%)

EUGEN GERSTENMEIER - 2 votes (0.9%)

HILDEGARD BLEYLER - 1 vote (0.4%)

ERNST BENDA - 1 vote (0.4%)

KAI-UWE VON HASSEL - 1 vote (0.4%)[/pre][/list]

| The first round came as expected, though a disappointment to Erhard's supporters. According to party rules, a majority had to be reached for a new leader to be elected, so, a second round was decided upon. A recess of two hours was called amongst the conference before the second round, allowing time for the top two candidates - Kiesinger and Erhard - to attempt to sweep up as many votes as possible. It was acknowledged that it would be an extremely close race. Bleyler, Benda and Gerstenmeier - worth 4 votes in total - pledged their support to Kiesinger, while Von Hassel and Strauss endorsed Erhard. The party membership, however, was unlikely to vote along the lines of whomever they had voted in the first round, except for a few diehard supporters. As the conference filed back into the hall, and the second round of ballots were casted, the tension in the room only grew. Kiesinger was seated next to Adenauer, while Erhard was stood near the ballot-counting table. Then - |

[list][pre]SECOND ROUND OF VOTING

KURT GEORG KIESINGER - 105 votes (52.2%)

LUDWIG ERHARD - 96 votes (47.7%)[/pre][/list]

| And perhaps by the slimmest of margins - KIESINGER would be Germany's next Chancellor. Naturally, the vote was yet to take place within the Bundestag, but when Adenauer's resignation comes with his inevitable victory in the presidential election, the Bundestag - with its CDU/CSU-FDP majority coalition government - would elect Kiesinger as the country's second Federal Chancellor. |

| Sure enough, in the Third Federal Convention, convened days later with the Chancellor and the Chancellor-designate in attendance, the presidential vote was held amongst the members who reflected the rough allocation of seats in the various Landtag (state legislatures) and in the federal Bundestag. The CDU/CSU and the FDP had a strong majority, but many expected crossover support from the SPD and the DPD for Adenauer, a popular Chancellor with strong over-the-aisle support. By secret ballot, the votes were tallied, and with a majority necessary - |

[list][pre]THE 1959 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

KONRAD ADENAUER (CDU) - 601 votes (57.8%)

ERICH OLLENHAUER (SPD) - 431 votes (41.5%)

JOSEPH GARTNER (DPD) - 6 votes (0.57%)[/pre][/list]

| To practically nobody's surprise, Adenauer swept the vote in the first round, securing roughly 57.8% of the vote, against 41.5% for Ollenhauer, and 0.57% for Gartner, the third party candidate. The FDP had voted entirely in support of Adenauer, but many believed that whether or not the CDU/CSU's junior coalition partner fielded their own candidate or not, Adenauer would've likely still come out on top with a majority in the first round. Nonetheless, the changes in national leadership were now made official. Adenauer, after almost a decade of service, resigned from the position of Federal Chancellor, and took his oath of office as the next Federal President, succeeding Theodor Heuss of the Free Democratic Party. A day later, the Bundestag convened an emergency session to elect Kurt Georg Kiesinger, the new CDU parliamentary chairman, as the country's NEXT CHANCELLOR. It was a new era in Germany's political world, though it remained a familiar one. However, the CDU had been quietly but bitterly divided between Kiesinger and Erhard, who, it was reported, had reluctantly accepted to remain in the position of Economy Minister under Kiesinger's cabinet. While the election had now concluded, there was still a sort of tension between the two - only to grow with the next general election coming in two years. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, Metropolitan Francais, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

[list]June 1959

[sub]India on the High Seas[/sub][/list]

[list][list][pre]प्रधान मंत्री नेहरू ने नई रक्षा नीति में अरब सागर में एक मजबूत भारतीय नौसेना उपस्थिति का दावा किया

PRIME MINISTER NEHRU TOUTS A STRONG INDIAN NAVAL PRESENCE IN THE ARABIAN SEA IN NEW DEFENSE POLICY[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]JUNE 1959 | जून 1959[/sub][/list]

[list][list] | [sub]The Lok Sabha committee hearings on the Republic's military development and growth plan from 1960-1970 allowed Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru a platform from which he could discuss clearly and thoroughly his government's planned policies with regards to the development of and investment in the Indian Armed Forces. A crucial arm of authority in one of the world's largest functioning democracies, the armed forces had since the establishment of the Union nearly a decade ago (c. 1950) served as the chief defense forces of the Republic. In the crisis with Pakistan alongside the Iranian government sometime ago, the armed forces had served as one of the crucial buffers between the Indian people and all-out war with the country's northern Muslim neighbor. Heading into the new decade, and facing geopolitical uncertainty in the MENA region, the Prime Minister had directed his trusted ministry officials to begin drafting a new defense policy that would re-affirm India's undeniable influence in the surrounding regions.[/sub] |

| [sub]The policy as crafted directed for India to develop her air forces and, primarily, her naval forces, and to focus its presence in the Indian Ocean and more crucially the Arabian Sea, which borders Pakistan, parts of Iran, Oman, Yemen, and Somalia in the Horn of Africa. Before the Lok Sabha - still dominated firmly by Nehru's own INC party - the Prime Minister unveiled this new policy. Heavy financial investments into the Indian Navy would accompany the construction of new shipyards, naval bases, and outposts to extend the nation's security forces' reach into the Arabian Sea 'to the extent required in order for us to defend India's interests'.[/sub] |

| [sub]The policy, naturally, was understood within defense circles as a way of re-affirming India's strength and position in the region. Nehru himself had told defense aides that 'I will not accept a world where our neighbors look at India and see something they can easily push over'. He envisioned privately of an Arabian Sea secured by India and other 'neutral partners', committed to 'peace and unity, rather than division and chaos'. Proposing to the Lok Sabha, he laid out a plan for millions in investment into India's shipbuilding industry, both civilian and military, and for the growth of India's coast guard units to allow them to supplement Navy forces if necessary in a sea-based conflict. The integration of more advanced communications and navigational systems into the country's existing naval fleets would also be proposed for the 1960-1965 time period, with the introduction of natively-built warships being slated for the 1970s and 1980s.[/sub] |

| [sub]Naturally, there was little pushback to a plan proposed by the supermajority government that dominated even the country's judicial system, but nonetheless, questions were raised regarding the extravagant spending around the program. It was clear that this was a significant point of spending for the Indian government, but it was also clear that ensuring the defense and security of India's interests domestically and abroad was also a significant point of interest. Especially in the Arabian Sea and the Middle East, where various nations were vying for power and influence. Nehru himself did not imagine India as a conquering empire, but rather as a 'nation you could approach for support, a nation whose presence is clearly felt'. By the end of the 1960s, he told the legislature, he intended for India to be 'capable of projecting her unique influence and strength across the region'.[/sub] | [/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list][sup]

(CCP) People’s Republic of China / (CCP) 中华人民共和国

[/sup]

SEASON OF FLOODS OCCURS, COMMUNIST POLITBURO MOVES INTO ACTION

洪水季节发生,共产党政治局开始行动

[sub]May 1959 | 1959年5月

[/sub]

[list]

[sub]

BEIJING, CAPITAL PROVINCE | 北京,首都[/sub]

[sub]A creative member of the Chinese Politburo once wrote a Peasant Poem that summed up the government's agricultural policy, and no one in China at the time had any reason to question a word of it. Peking predicted that the nation's farmers will produce an unprecedented 375 million tons of grain in 1959, nearly doubling the output from 1957. The idea that hardly an additional acre of land would have to be planted under cultivation in 1959 seems even more incredible now. The PRC sent in millions of pounds of fertilizer and dispersed specialists across the nation to educate farmers on the benefits of double cropping, closer planting, and deeper plowing. "As great as the revolutionary vigor is," the party assured the farmer, "so great will be the yield."[/sub]

[sub]However, there was a slight shift in the agricultural proclamations as time passed. In his speech to the National People's Congress, Premier Zhou Enlai alluded to the possibility that "output for any particular year may be lower than the previous year." Meanwhile, scathing criticism of local administrators who had been "overzealous" or even dishonest in their assessments of farm yields began to surface in the controlled press. For example, instead of 34 million tons of grain, only 30 million were produced in Guangdong province. The People's Daily criticized the "impractical, inefficient, and dangerous" close planting, saying it has led to "little, if any, increase" in productivity since 1958. [/sub]

[sub]In reality, Mao Zedong's entire "year of the big leap" agenda was a failure that put a strain on farms, cities, and infrastructure due to poor preparation and execution. Fortunately for them, the administration of the People's Republic of China found a method to deflect much of the blame: nature this spring took a cruel hand in China, as it so frequently has in the past. The provinces of Jilin and Hebei experienced drought while large parts of Central China were flooded. Forty million Chinese were anxiously trying to protect a wheat harvest in Szechwan that had been severely damaged by spring's unusual warmth. Six provinces were hit by plant fungus, while in Henan, 5,000,000 farmers were fighting off bug infestations. Official reports confirmed that the "worst flood of the century" had hit the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, and Guangdong, swept past Henan, and then twisted its way down the North and West rivers toward Canton, a city of 1.5 million people. Canton's dikes were successful because of the tens of thousands of people who sustained their defenses.[/sub]

[sub]However, 2,000,000 acres of land were reportedly flooded in the neighboring Guangdong province, according to Beijing. It was reported last week by the New China News Agency that the local battle cry was "Nobody drowns while there are members of the Communist Party around." Less boastful discourse about defeating the flood of Water emerged, though.[/sub]

[sub]中国政治局的一位富有创造力的成员曾经写过一首农民诗,总结了政府的农业政策,当时中国没有人有任何理由质疑其中的一个字。北京方面预测,1959年全国农民将生产前所未有的3.75亿吨粮食,比1957年的产量几乎翻了一番。[/sub]

[/list]

[B]

🇨🇳 🇨🇳 🇨🇳

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan

[list]May 20, 1959

[sub]Saudi-Indian energy and industrial trade agreement signed.[/sub][/list]

[sub]King Faisal bin Abdulaziz seeks to expand Saudi diplomatic relations further with other Asian nations in the east than just Korea, and the he decided that the next nation to establish diplomatic relationship with is India. Establishing relationship with India is a logical choice since both nations share the same sea and ocean with each other and there have been relation between the two since ancient times with trade and cultural links between ancient India and Arabia date back to the third millennium BC. King Faisal flew to India on May 16, 1959 and landed in the capital city of New Delhi where he was greeted and welcome by Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru. They then spent a few days at the PM residence discussing the potential treaty between the two countries until they both agreed. On May 20, 1959, King Faisal and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru signed the "Saudi-Indian Energy and industrial trade agreement" into effect. This agreement would prosper trade between the kingdom and India along with the other provisions such as 1. Saudi Arabia would provide oil and gas, light and heavy industrial goods, luxury products, and textiles. 2. India would provide the kingdom with mineral resources, industrial products, and agricultural goods. A few hours after the treaty's signing, King Faisal left India and headed back home to Saudi Arabia with a copy of the trade agreement.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan

| WORLDVISION SONG CONTEST, 1959 |

[sub]16th of June, 1959

SANTIAGO, LA PLATA[/sub]

| Once again Worldvision Song Contest has visited La Plata, after their fantastic victory last year in Slovenia. La Plata, as of today, is the only country to have won Worldvision Song Contest twice in the same decade. However, once again La Plata has hosted a fantastic contest, with the city of Santiago showing off its fantastic development and modernisation over the last few years. Furthermore, the contest was attended by the leader of La Plata, Mr Peron, and other major high dignitaries of La Plata which in result pushed many Ambassadors to attend, such as the Zairean, British, American and even Soviet ambassador to appear at the contest. |

[list][ WORLDVISION 1959 RESULTS: ]:

1st Place - SOVIET UNION with 231 Points!

2nd Place - ZAIRE with 182 Points!

3rd Place - FRANCE with 168 Points!

4th Place - ISRAEL with 160 Points!

5th Place - UNITED KINGDOM with 145 Points!

6th Place - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA with 119 Points!

7th Place - KOREA with 117 Points!

8th Place - PORTUGAL with 111 Points!

9th Place - SOUTH AFRICA with 106 Points!

10th Place - LA PLATA with 104 Points!

11th Place - POLAND with 90 Points!

12th Place - GREECE with 90 Points!

13th Place - INDONESIA with 86 Points!

14th Place - CHINA with 84 Points!

15th Place - SPAIN with 82 Points!

16th Place - MALAYSIA with 79 Points!

17th Place - IRAN with 75 Points!

18th Place - MEXICO with 74 Points!

19th Place - ROMANIA with 72 Points!

20th Place - ETHIOPIA with 66 Points!

21st Place - INDIA with 60 Points!

22nd Place - BRAZIL with 57 Points!

23rd Place - CENTRAL AMERICA with 53 Points!

24th Place - CANADA with 38 Points!

25th Place - SCANDINAVIA with 25 Points!

26th Place - EAST GERMANY with 20 Points![/list]

| The winner of Worldvision Song Contest 1959 is MARIA POBER with her song HOMESICKNESS from the SOVIET UNION. Historically, this is the first time that an Eastern Bloc nation has won Worldvision. The contest itself was very smooth with La Plata making sure no political incidents take place, but during the final results announcement the American representation left the arena. It is yet unknown whether the United States will send their representative next year to the Soviet Union, but the Worldvision Committee will reach out to the Soviet authorities about organising the contest next year in the Soviet Union. Ms Pober took the stage once more to sing her beautiful ballad as the night ended, with the show being televised, transmitted through radio and recorded for cinema use around the world. |

[spoiler="To the long lasting peace of the world, my song is dedicated to all those seeking to return home to the loved ones." - MARIA POBER, Winner of Worldvision Song Contest 1959]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan

[list][list][list][pre]STATUS CIVITATIS VATICANAE

VATICAN CITY STATE

THE HOLY SEE[/pre][/list]

______

SECRETARY OF STATE OF HIS HOLINESS: CHANGES DECREED AT THE VATICAN UNDER POPE JOHN XXIII

[sub]VATICAN CITY | ROME, JULY MCMLIX[/sub][/list]

[sub]| SECRETARIUS STATUS SANCTITATIS SUAE - | Affectionately, the fatherly Pope John XXIII issued his first encyclical last week, and it proved to be a fatherly message of warning, hope and encouragement. Ad Petri Cathedram (To the Chair of Peter), the circular letter's opening words by which it will be known, is neither a trail-blazing social document like Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum in 1891, nor a detailed doctrinal exposition like Pope Pius XII's Humani Generis in 1950. It is instead notable for the familiarity of its style, the range of its concern and the warmth with which it faces its subject: On Promoting—Under the Impulse of Charity—Truth, Unity and Peace.[/sub]

[sub]The Pope warned against error, ignorance ("the source and root of all evil") and war, which can only bring "appalling destruction and ruin, and this whether the people are victor or vanquished." He urged statesmen "to try every approach" leading to "fraternal harmony of nations." Turning to another kind of harmony, the Pope hoped that the forthcoming Ecumenical Council will move non-Catholic Christians to join the Church as a "wonderful manifestation of unity . . . When we lovingly invite you to the unity of the Church, we are inviting you not to the home of a stranger but to your own, to the Father's house which belongs to all." Then the Pope addressed himself "to each individual section of the Catholic Church":[/sub]

[list][sub]Pope John XXIII's Encyclical: "To the Bishops, both of the Eastern and of the Western Church, who as rulers of the Christian people bear, together with us, the burden of the day and the heat," the Pope expressed sympathy for "the unhappy falling away of so many of your children, who are tricked by the wiles of error. To the Missionaries, no undertaking, perhaps, is so pleasing to God as this, for it is intimately linked with that duty binding all—the spreading of God's kingdom." Of all in mission work in any capacity, the Pope said: "We desire them to know that they have a very special place in our heart. To the Nuns, oh how much these holy virgins accomplish! How extensive and how notable the work they do, which no one else can carry out with the same mixture of virginal and maternal solicitude. To the Sick Weak, and Aged, let them recall that by the sufferings of this life, which cleanse, upraise and ennoble the mind, we can gain the eternal joy of heaven. To the Poor, they cause me grief, not only because we have a father's desire that in social matters, justice, which is a Christian virtue, should rightly control, but also because the enemies of the Church easily abuse the unjust conditions of the proletariat so as to lure them to their own side by false promises and specious errors. To the Persecuted, we wish to give offense to none; nay, we desire freely to pardon all and to beg this of God. But our conception of our holy office demands that we do all we can to protect the rights of our brethren and children, that we persist in our asking that freedom of law be granted, as it ought, to everyone. If the rights of God and religion have been ignored or trampled on, the very foundations of human society, sooner or later, collapse into ruin. . ."[/sub][/list]

[sub]Perhaps the biggest news of the week in Vatican City was a pay raise. Pope John XXIII is giving pay hikes to about 5,000 lay and clerical employees of the Holy See. Curia cardinals will probably be raised $100 from their present $800 a month; archbishops and bishops from $240-$275 to $265-$335. Pay of manual workers—the blue-overalled sanpietrini—will go from about $82 to about $112, with family allowances sharply up from $8 for a wife and $8 for each child to $16 for a wife and $19.70 per child. With the low rents in Vatican apartments and the rock-bottom prices at Vatican City stores, this will give the Vatican citizen a considerable advantage over his Italian peer. A Grade 10 clerk in any Italian ministry, for instance, earns about $104 a month, minus about $11.20 deducted for taxes and social security. His Vatican opposite number will presumably get $147.20 a month without deductions, will pay 20% to 50% less for food and clothes.[/sub]

[sub]The Pope is also planning to change Vatican working hours from the traditional 8 a.m.-to-2 p.m. schedule, to answer the complaints of many foreign prelates, diplomats and newsmen, who have long protested that it is almost impossible to get the ponderous, antique machinery of the Vatican to grind after lunch. Together, the wage boost and hour stretch-out will probably cut down on the Vatican tradition of "moonlighting," i.e., taking on extra spare-time jobs which the Church itself strongly detests.[/sub][/list]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto,

Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐄

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan

Post self-deleted by Osivoii.

[list][pre]July, 1959 | Zat Al-Natikin High School for Girls, El Fula, Kordofan Province, The Commonwealth Of Sudan[/pre]

CONSTITUTION OF 1959, THE MARCH FOR THE REPUBLIC[/list]

El Fula is a small sized city on the western reaches of the Kordofan Province but is notable for its centralized location within the entirety of the Sudanese state, it is here that delegates from across the nation have agreed to hold the constitutional convention of 1959, that shall go towards the establishment of a Sudanese Republic upon the abolishment of the British monarchy from Sudan’s head of state and the dissolution of the Commonwealth government.

The delegates consisted of essentially three representatives from each of the Sudanese provinces. Though the Azheri administration feared that the delegation would lead interests along racial and ethnic lines, the delegates of Khartoum and nearby provinces alone have found themselves outnumber by a coalition of federalist delegates, seeking to implement a federal system in Sudan and decentralized the north’s, mostly Khartoum’ hold of power on the rest of the country.

After weeks of negotiations and deals that had taken place inside a Girl’s high school in the town center of El Fula, the delegates had finally drafted a constitution of the Republic, that would implement ideas and methods contributed by mostly all of the Sudanese regions, bringing with them great representation towards the southern and non Arab minorities of the nation.

The draft of the constitution is as follows, though these are only the basic amendments that go towards the setting up of a political structure that is to serve as the basic foundations for the new Sudanese Republic.

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1892406

The March of the Republic has now begun. Azah, the female personification of the Sudanese state, was on her way out from the lingering arms of Britannia, making her way toward the path of self-determination. She holds a shield with the colors green for the Nile’s fertility, yellow for the Gold of the Nubians, and blue for the sacred rivers that flow through her lands. At her right side is a Rhino that has accompanied her throughout the years, and on her left is a bird of spectacular beauty, a signal of new beginnings. Azah sets her shield right on the conjunction of the Blue and White Niles, here is where she shall now guide the nation on by the will of her Lord that has created her and the lands she roams. Freedom, Justice, and Sudan, that’s all that she says, that’s all that she desires.

(Idk what this bullshi was I felt like I needed to say something)

[list]GOD SAVE THE SUDAN!

AL-NASRU LENA!

AL-NASRU LE SUDAN![/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Adriatican Islands, Brazil Toucan

Just came across an issue where I made advanced education required for all and got a national policy of no sports. Please help

| PANAMA |

| PRO MUNDI BENEFICIO|

Panamanian protestors and Anti-U.S. supporters gather in Panama City. Jose Guerrero, the leader of the Panamanian Free Movement, led a speech, saying that the U.S. was bad, and that they should free them from U.S. rule. But what he was talking most about, was the Canal. The Panama Canal. He said specifically himself, " We want to be free from American Rule, right! Then lets go take their stupid Canal, and lets go f**k em up! Cmon!"After the speech, the large group slowly marched towards a government building, as they fought with police, taking arms, as they smashed windows of Pro-American shops, and raided them of food, water, and more. Soon, they gathered infront of the building, as they cried and rallied supporters from all over the country. The Event would be known as. the Great Panamanian Protest of 1959. As this happened, American forces in the canal ran from one side to another side of the Canal, as they worried about the Canals safety.

The National Guard with Police and some Military Forces fired on the crowd, which used Police Weaponry, aswell as Molotov Cocktails and all, to stop the fighting from the other side. As this happened, A few groups and bands of protestors flocked to the canal, as they raided police stations, gathered supporters, and raided stores and other things along the way. It is estimated that the amount of Protestors, had grown to 500, and counting. When they got to their supposed position and all, they began to climb the walls, fight with American Troops, and use any resources to stop American Counter-Attacks.

Meanwhile, Soviet support was being shipped to the Protestors, as they ordered the Government to surrender. They didnt, but only for a few more hours. At 8:37 PM, on July 9th, 1959, the Protestors took the Government, which surrender a few minutes later. It was announced to the World a few hours later.

Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

MINISTÈRE DE LA CULTURE[/pre][/list]

______

MINISTRY OF CULTURE: FRANCE CELEBRATES BASTILLE DAY DESPITE RESERVATIONS IN REGARDS TO ONGOING FIGHTING IN ALGERIA

[sub]VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, JUNE 1959[/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF NATIONAL PRIDE, MINISTÈRE DE LA CULTURE, FRANÇAIS RÉPUBLIQUE - | As much to honor the Fifth Republic as the Revolution that led to the First, Charles de Gaulle's Minister of Culture, Novelist Andre Malraux. had promised "a July 14 like no other." The 170th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille became, like every Bastille Day, a barometer of France's mood. This time the motif was military and the official theme was glory.[/sub]

[sub]Some Parisian newspapers found it incongruous that a regime so regal as that of De Gaulle's should have appropriated Bastille Day; the anniversary of the people's Revolution. Nonetheless, Andre Malraux dug out the stirring Berlioz version of La Marseillaise originally scored for good instruments and a great chorus of 600 and ordered the bands to play the old revolutionary songs—including the dirge like Hymn to the Supreme Being from the Revolutionary Year II (1794). On the esplanade of the Invalides where colorfully garbed couples from the twelve French-African Community states danced the night away in "the world's biggest ball,'' famed Chanteuse Josephine Baker chose a tall, bronzed Foreign Legionnaire for her partner. Alas, her throaty French fell on noncomprehending ears: he was German. The next morning under a sunny sky, "God is certainly a Gaullist." people said, World War II tanks rumbled down the Champs Elysees with freshly painted names of assorted half-forgotten skirmishes and battles with the Germans. They were the same tanks of the Rambouillet depot that were alerted to descend-upon Paris for an army coup only a little more than a year ago.[/sub]

[sub]The military hardware passed unapplauded. The scarlet-plumed Republican Guard, the blue-and-white cloaked Spahis on their white chargers, the white-kepied Foreign Legion with their sand-scuffling step, the pantalooned Senegalese, the Chasseurs Alpins shouldering their lacquered skis—these, passing like a handful of old-fashioned cigarette cards, delighted the children. The paratroopers in their mud-and-moss camouflage got a single "Vive les paras!" from a tall man with an open-necked shirt. "But what have they got?" asked another spectator. "Broomsticks and berets. We are 30 years behind the times." Many Frenchmen speak as bitterly of obsolescence as do the Spaniards. They speak of the "prestige" of France, writes Editorialist Morvan Lebesque, "as gourmands speak of our 'prestigious Beaujolais' or our 'prestigious coq-au-vin'; a word like any other, a chance word that sleeps around, a prostituted word." But what if, before summer's end, De Gaulle should produce an H-bomb? Then his prestige would be a reality felt anew by his army, his country and his enemies.[/sub]

[sub]On Bastille Day, thousands had turned out only to see him. They strained to catch sight of him as he drove past, standing in his open car, acknowledging the cheers and the Vive de Gaulles with a light but adequate gesture of either hand. "Only De Gaulle can negotiate peace in Algeria" Socialist Guy Mollet told his party convention last week. It was seen that the Parisians themselves were not noticeably in a martial mood on Bastille Day. Draft notices had just gone out to the young men born in 1939. The war in Algeria has taken 1,043 French lives in the past six months, and that day the newspapers reported a big new Algerian battle in which some 80 more French soldiers had died. The humorous weekly Le Canard En-chainé, its circulation doubled in the past year because of its biting irreverence for De Gaulle, wrote an open letter to Mon cher Malraux: "If you say Algeria is France, then it is a civil war, because Frenchmen are being killed there. During the American War of Secession, would you have organized a colossal torch parade in Washington?"[/sub]

[sub]Something of this sort seemed to be in the heads of those French who, once the parade was over, sat at ease on the forbidden lawns under the already browning chestnut trees, watching with disinterest the top-hatted ambassadors, the rugged para colonels, the elegant African women and elderly African statesmen in colored robes on their way to the great reception at the Elysée Palace. As evening fell, there were more fireworks, Roman candles, bright detonating stars, and street dances to accordion accompaniment. However the huge "V for Victory" sign made by the fixed beams of military searchlights behind the Place de la Concorde had about it, with the Algerian war still on, a kind of mockery, or promise postponed. |[/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Iosheyya

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Holy Vatican City States, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Brazil Toucan, Newauroria

| MERKAZI'S REFORM PACKAGE |

[sub]12th of July, 1959[/sub]

| A few months into her service after winning the elections last year, Celine Merkazi has pushed through the National Congress her first reform package. The package has been widely praised by the general public but voices of frustration are coming out of the ruling elite about the package. The package is broken down into three fragments, the POLITICS, the ECONOMY and the SOCIAL. The package has been carefully constructed since January of 1959, stated the Spokesman of Mrs Merkazi to the press. The changes are vital for the the future of the country, he stated further.

POLITICS

The Political part of the Reform Package will bring other parties into the National Congress. The parties will form the new National Congress from August of 1959, with the number of seats for this time being dictated by the results of their leaders in the First Representative elections in 1958. That means that from August, the National Congress will finally be filled with opposition parties; 158 Seats will go the Zaire Democratic Reform Party ; 8 Seats to the Communist Front ; 8 Seats to Freedom & Future Movement ; 2 Seats to Conservative Party ; 224 Seats to the National Liberal Revival Party.

The change has been highly dubbed as one of the most important changes to the Zairean political system, with Mrs Merkazi suggesting that such a change is needed in order to push Zaire to a wider and more modern democracy that it needs to be. The second major change is to the election of the First Representative, which will no longer take place every ten years, instead it will take place every five years, with the next elections scheduled for 1964. Introduction of opposition parties to the National Congress will diversify the voices, and give a wider scope of citizens a chance to have their representative voice them.

ECONOMY

Economically, the reform package introduces a wide range of nationwide investments into infrastructure, energy resources and creation of a more effective employment system. Firstly, Zaire is bound to invest a large amount of money to upgrading and expanding its infrastructure, with two need bridges to be constructed between Zaire mainland and Zairean North-West Provinces, with already two bridges operating. The two new bridges will be dedicated to train travel, allowing for faster travel of resources and people by 1963. The infrastructure projects will also expand current travel, with three new highway systems bound to be created around the country, and smaller towns and villages to be connected by direct routes to larger cities by 1962.

The current operating Dams in Zaire have began to produce enough energy to make Zaire self-sufficient in energy spheres, therefore Mrs Merkazi has announced that rapid infrastructure will be created in order to supply larger amounts of neighbours and African states with energy. Whereas right now Zaire supplies some African states with a small number of energy from its dams, Mrs Merkazi plans on expanding that by 1961, to a much larger quantity of energy provided and the number of states it will provide it to.

Furthermore, the Zairean Oil and Gas Company has been formed through the package, which will actively begin to expand its basin oil production and discovering of new oil fields around the country, especially around the Zairean border lakes which could hold some oil, in accordance to the Zairean experts. The British and American oil companies have declared their cooperating with the Zairean National Oil and Gas Company on discovering and producing oil in Zaire. The reform package also indicates that the 2% of the country still under no electricity which gain access to electricity by 1960 through rapid infrastructure expanded, mostly to smaller villages and towns in the North-East region.

The Employment Status Institution has been formed, which will actively begin its operations in every Zairean city and town, in accordance to supplying jobs to the needy, and linking up those giving out jobs to the job seeking. The Employment Opportunity scheme will allow people to move around the country with the aid of the state in order to match their perfect job opportunity based on their skills, experience and education. The goal of the scheme is to minimise unemployment to no more than 2% by 1962 through the use of the said scheme.

SOCIAL

Socially, the Reform Package targets healthcare, education and the court system. Firstly, the Healthcare facilities around the country are to be fully upgraded by 1961/62. Zaire has began a large import of healthcare equipment from the United States, Japan and France. Furthermore, new hospitals, speciality clinics and vaccine clinics are to be set up around Zaire by 1963. The Vaccination Program will now be fully compulsory for all children, especially new-borns and for all the adults around the country. Large investments will go into education about the vaccines, with the Zairean Vaccine National Centre setting out to work with the British, American, French and South African experts on monitoring and creating/expanding vaccines for any diseases that might turn up.

Educational Reform includes the introduction of compulsory sexual education to the schooling system, with teenagers aged 14 and above being taught sexual education for the next four years. Each school will be equipped with at least two school nurses, who shall be responsible for educating the teens, and on providing necessary advice and help. The reform package, however, does showcase statistic that show that over 98% of Zairean children aged 18 and below are in full-time education right now, and that over 80% of those between 18 and 24 are in higher education whether it'd be a university, college or a career school.

The court system will be reformed through the package. There shall now be several courts taking care of different issues in regards to the law matters. The Tribes Court will be present in smaller rural villages, which will be composed of the tribal leaders who shall take care of minor matters such as neighbourly arguments and qualms. The Tribes Court will only have authority over giving out their advice, not punishment. The Social Civil Court will take care of civil matters such as divorce, family matters, money matters between family members. The Criminal Lower Court will take care of lower criminal offences such as theft, robbery, minor body harm ect. The Criminal Higher Court will take care of more serious crimes such as murder and rape. The Civil Administration Court will take care of administration matters such as administration mismanagement, political corruption and bribery. The High Judgement Court of Zaire will take care of the highest state crimes such as war crimes, treason, slavery, assassination. The Supreme Court of Zaire will oversee that the political beings of Zaire are not breaking the Zairean constitution and freedom, but it will also deal with any cases being given to them from any other lower courts or citizens directly.

The reform package as a whole is a ground breaking one, showcasing just how much Mrs Merkazi has planned for the 1960s that are soon to arrive. In her opening speech to the National Congress, in which other parties are now present, Mrs Merkazi gave a large dose of trust and responsibility to the new Congress. |

[list][ First Representative of Zaire, Celine Merkazi ]: " C'est avec le plus grand respect pour notre peuple que cette chambre reste le phare de la démocratie et du respect. Nous ne rendrons jamais notre pays autoritaire, ce n'est pas ce sur quoi le Zaïre s'est construit. Votre idéologie politique ne doit pas, et j'espère qu'elle ne le fera pas, vous rendre complètement aveugle aux besoins du peuple réel. L'idéologie ne nourrit pas le peuple, l'idéologie n'habille pas le peuple. L'idéologie ne fait pas ressortir le meilleur des gens. L'idéologie est l'affaire des politiciens, des philosophes et des universitaires. L'idéologie n'a pas sa place au Zaïre, nous sommes une nation pratique à l'esprit pragmatique. Nous dénonçons le besoin de baffonerie idéologique, mais cela ne signifie pas que nous nous détournons des débats et des sujets très importants qui sont nécessaires et importants pour notre peuple. Ne mélangez pas l'idéologie avec les vraies réformes. Dès l'instant où nous mêlons l'idéologie à la réforme du pays, nous nous retrouverons en guerre les uns contre les autres. Nous ne pouvons pas nous le permettre, nous ne le permettrons pas et nous nous efforcerons de faire mieux."

[spoiler= "A beacon of democracy is what I aim for Zaire to become." - Celine Merkazi]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

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Brazil Toucan

Canovia

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Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

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New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

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[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Borskiy, Brazil Toucan

[pre]| JULY JULIO 1959 |[/pre]

[list][list][list][pre]RC ★ REPUBLIC OF CUBA

REPÚBLICA DE CUBA

RDC |[/pre][/list][/list][/list]

OSVALDO DORTICÓS TORRADO GAINS PRESIDENCY:

LLEÓ RESIGNS AND FLEES AFTER DISPUTES WITH REVOLUTIONARY FORCES, TORRADO WELCOMED AS NEW PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC!

OSVALDO DORTICÓS TORRADO INGRESA A LA PRESIDENCIA:

LLEÓ RENUNCIA Y HUYE TRAS DISPUTAS CON LAS FUERZAS REVOLUCIONARIAS, TORRADO OBTENIDO COMO NUEVO PRESIDENTE DE LA REPÚBLICA!

| THE MANUEL URRUTIA LLEÓ PRESIDENCY | LA PRESIDENCIA DE MANUEL URRUTIA LLEÓ |

[pre]| As revolutionary fever began to simmer post Castro and Guevara Liberation of Havana the revolutionaries appointed liberal Lleó and his cabal of political veterans and Pro-Business advocates. Helping his cause of liberalism for Cuba was his self-appointed Vice President José Miró. Lleó's starting goal was the elimination of the “degenerative” industries that have been propped up by illegal elements originating from the United States with the Mafia and the thugs of Batista. The workforce that depended on this work demanded proper time to migrate to other industries which Castro quickly pressured Lléo to approve. The revolutionaries also slashed governmental salaries for all positions angering Lleó with his presidential salary being cut by $100,000. Miró surprised the Lleó administration with his resignation. This surprise allowed Castro to be positioned into the role of Prime Minister slowly siphoning the power from the Presidency. Lleó had also begun to label and describe himself as Anti-Communist and claiming Castro has strong ties to the communist groups all though Castro has yet to admit that. Newspaper began to describe Lleó as anti-working class as he was reported to spend lavishly and purchases of luxury private villas being claimed angered the followers of the Revolution. Calls for his resignation began with the Sugar Workers Union leader calling for his resignation and in a grand show of support for the people Castro resigned as Lleó’s prime minister in solidarity. Castro also went to the media denouncing Lleó fervent anti-communist stances. Protests would soon surround the presidential palace ensuring Lleó heard their demands. |[/pre]

| TORRADO APPOINTED PRESIDENT BY PRIME MINISTER FIDEL CASTRO | TORRADO NOMBRADO PRESIDENTE POR EL PRIMER MINISTRO FIDEL CASTRO |

[pre]| With Lleó fleeing the country for the United States, Castro would be tasked with appointing the new President of Cuba. A member of the Popular Socialist Party Torrado found himself a close ally of Fidel during and after the Revolution. After the revolution and his return to Cuba he was appointed to Minister of Revolutionary Law and immediately began to make moves and show himself as competent in drafting Revolutionary legislation to reform Cuba. A lawyer like his Father, Torrado seemed uniquely experienced for the coming reforms that will reshape Cuba alongside his ally Castro! |[/pre]

[list][list][pre]HOMELAND OR DEATH, WE SHALL OVERCOME![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre]¡PATRIA O MUERTE, VENCEREMOS![/pre][/list][/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan

[list][list]AUGUST 1959

[sub]Powerful Woman[/sub][/list]

[pre]O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O[/pre]

NATIONAL TOUR

[sub]PORTO ALEGRE, Brazil Toucan — AFTERNOON[/sub]

| Although the 1960 presidential election is still 14 months away, candidates are running and interest is high. In São Paulo, ex-governor PRESTES MAIA, 63, was elected governor of São Paulo on October 3, 1958, took office on January 31, 1959, resigned on June 5, 1959, and announced his candidacy for the presidency one month later. Another candidate who stood out was Field Marshal HENRIQUE BAPTISTA DUFFLES TEIXEIRA LOTT, 64, Brazilian Minister of War, who took to the podium and irritated the opposition. He had arrested a colonel for entering politics in military uniform, but he himself showed up in uniform and with medals. The opposition once again harshly criticized President JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK for handing over the Ministries of Public Works and Justice-Interior to two pro-Lott politicians. One of them promised to “integrate” his ministry. |

| But the candidate who had the spotlight for himself was far from Rio de Janeiro and was not a man, but a woman. The glamorous and popular First Lady SARAH KUBITSCHEK, 50, is always elegantly dressed and is the preferred candidate of the Social Democratic Party (S.D.P.). Starting her national tour, SARAH traveled to Porto Alegre, had a 35-minute meeting with the leader of the women’s committee of Rio Grande do Sul, created in 1954, and highlighted the importance of strengthening the position of women in politics. Sarah said: |

[list]| SARAH KUBITSCHEK, [sub]First Lady of Brazil[/sub] | “Brazilian politics has always been dominated by men, it’s time for women to have a stronger position in the House of Democracy.”[/list]

| For her two rivals PRESTES MAIA and LOTT, SARAH is really not well regarded for being a woman, she has worked hard to build her political career and will not give up easily. SARAH is supported by Communists, but has already spoken out against Brazilian-Soviet relations, she does not want to be accused of negotiating with Communists. After finishing her national tour, the glamorous Brazilian First Lady has plans to travel to five countries, in order to win the support of the Brazilian electorate abroad. The following countries: United States, France, Israel, Spain and West Germany. At a dinner at the governor’s house in Porto Alegre, SARAH was the subject of countless praise, she would focus on pleasing Brazil’s minority groups. Sarah will return to Rio de Janeiro in September for an S.D.P. convention, then set out to build even more of a following among the working class. A recent poll showed 75% for Sarah, 15% for Prestes Maia. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff

[list]August, 1959

[sub]King Faisal’s foreign policy for the Middle East and the world.[/sub][/list]

[sub]King Faisal announce to everyone in the kingdom of his official foreign policy for the region and the world. After breaking relation with UAR and Kurdistan, many of them called Faisal and Saudi Arabia a US puppet and even being called weak by the emirs of UAE. Faisal take this as an offense to him as he see Saudi Arabia and himself as an allied to the US and not their puppet and still see the kingdom as a strong regional power in the region. Therefore, King Faisal announces what his foreign policy is in four themes which are Saudi power, pan-Islamism, anti-communism, and pro-Palestinianism. The first theme of Saudi Power is to maintain Saudi Arabia as a main regional power in the region and to do that is to build up and keep on modernizing their armed forces and to have Saudi Navy to patrol the Arabian Gulf to show it is under their sphere of influence. The second theme of pan-Islamism is to counter the secularist pan-Arabism sphere headed by Nasser of UAR. As pan-Arabism seeks unity among Arab nations, pan-Islamism seeks unity among all Muslim nations in the world regardless of their ethnicity. The third theme of anti-communism is to oppose communism and to refuse any political ties with the Soviet Union and other Communist bloc countries, as Faisal professed to see a complete incompatibility between communism and Islam. The fourth and final theme of pro-Palestinianism is to support the Palestinian cause of establishing their independent Palestinian state in Palestine and refuse to recognize Israel right to exist as an independent Jewish state in Palestine.[/sub]

[sub]This is King Faisal foreign policy for the Middle East and the world.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

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Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan

Post self-deleted by Borskiy.

Is North Vietnam taken?

[list][PRE]August 1959[/pre][/list]

[list][list][list][list][pre]Alvarez’s Cabinet ReShuffle Reflects Tough Road Ahead[/pre][/list][/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre] P L U S - U L T R A[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][I]Madrid Spainard

[sub][I]THE SPANISH KINGDOM OF SPAIN[/I][/sub][/list]

[list]|[sub]The General Elections 1959 last December have proven in a slim majority that the Conservative Party now renamed the Alianza Popular or People’s Alliance in English. They joined the PSOE in a coalition government after the new regional-nationalist Opposition had gained significant seats to challenge the status-quo politics that had gripped Spain since the dissolution of the first Kingdom with the ousting of Alfonso XIII.[/sub]

[sub]Current trends of the Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea, or Basque Nationalist Party, and the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, or Republican Left of Catalonia in English, have made particular inroads to persuade their constituents with a more liberal and progressive agenda that defers the status quo in Madrid as a “disservice to all Spaniards.” [/sub]

[sub]Prime Minister Alvarez has conceded the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Economics, and the Interior as PSOE members will hold them to promote a collaborative effort. In the face of this collaborative effort, they face the rise of foreign influence ideologically as young adults nationwide yearn to escape from their parent’s old way of thinking and embrace new realities.[/sub]

[sub]This will soon be a nail in the coffin for both the PSOE and the Alianza Popular’s reign in the Cortes Generales, considering they have joined forces to save this ideology and resurrect a false narrative that many Spaniards disagree with someday. [/sub]

[sub]Francisco Portella from Barcelona and leader of the new Opposition as a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia has called out the Cortes Generales as a mogul for “old and pasteurized ideologies.” It is time to forge a new path for Spain that is accepting, representing democracy, and fair and equal representation. [/sub]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Por siempre España; Siempre libre; Siempre Iguales[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

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Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

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Hatzburg

Israelli

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Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

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Nevbrejnovitz

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Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

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Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

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Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler][/list][/list]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan, Free Masovians

Five Years of Peace! Five Years of Celebration!

Five years had passed since the end of the Civil War, new elections were close to being held, and three blocs were disputing the seats in the Thai Parliament: the Democrat Party, mostly consisting of conservatives who had not participated in the coup; the Liberal Democratic Party, formed a few years ago by centrist groups; and finally the alliance between the People's Party of Pridi and the Communist Party of Thailand. However, unlike the past, the climate of peace was perceptible in these elections, Pridi had already announced that he would not run for re-election, with the ruling coalition being led again by candidate Thawan Thamrong.

Despite not wanting to be reappointed as Prime Minister, Pridi worked incessantly so that the anniversary of the end of the war was remembered by all, thus establishing a great celebration in the month of September in commemoration of Peace in the Nation, distinguished members of the Partios, rivals or not, would be invited to address the people in the name of Thai peace and democracy. Civic parades would be organized with different groups and national entities in order to bring the population closer to the government. Even King Rama (former enemy) would make a speech (against his will) defending peace and the elections that were to come.

In the Armed Forces, a climate of calm was in sight, several soldiers who participated in the coup were arrested or expelled, the military academies, now with their curricula reformed, were starting to train the first officers, however there were still few in order to replace all the posts still open. The presence of US officers was of vital importance in the reform of education and doctrinal updating of the Thai forces, considered extremely professional and not susceptible to coup ideals, the Paraamerican military could be considered as one of the main responsible for the maintenance of democracy in Thailand .

Elections Results:

Liberal Democratic Party: 178 chairs (35,4%)

People's Party: 123 chairs (24,8%)

Democratic Party: 101 chairs (20,1%)

Communist Party of Thailand: 98 chairs (19,7%)

[spoiler=Winner] Pote Sarasin (Liberal Democratic Party)

Liberal Democratic Party formed coalition with People's Party and Communist Party of Thailand to achieve majority, Democratic Party stood as opposition.[/spoiler]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Allbania, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Free Masovians

[list][list][list][pre]STATUS CIVITATIS VATICANAE

VATICAN CITY STATE

THE HOLY SEE[/pre][/list]

______

SECRETARY OF STATE OF HIS HOLINESS: A SUCCESSFUL PAPAL VISIT TO RIO DE JANEIRO BRINGS BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF "ORDEM E PROGRESSO"

[sub]VATICAN CITY | ROME, AUGUST MCMLIX[/sub][/list]

[sub]| SECRETARIUS STATUS SANCTITATIS SUAE - | Just as his predecessor had done before him, in a regal fashion this week Pope John XXIII traveled abroad to the robust city of Rio de Janeiro, the heart of Brazilian nationalism and the capital of Brazil itself. Since the days of Portuguese expansionism and empire, in the late 1400's, Brazilian shores have come to know papal authority and the teachings of the one true apostolic faith. Not much has changed in that regard with well over half of Brazil's 70,000,000 plus citizens adhering to Roman Catholicism. Thus Brazil has become one of the largest predominantly Catholic nations in the world and a beacon of prosperity for the Holy See and Rome.[/sub]

[sub]The Pope landed in Rio de Janeiro with his team of papal security and members of the Vatican Curia at around 11:30 in the morning, having stopped in San-Pédro, French Ivory Coast to refuel the papal Douglas DC-7, iconically dubbed "Shepherd One" when in flight. The arrival of His Holiness John XXIII at Galeão Air Force Base was accompanied by tremendous fanfare as Brazilian military detachments paraded up to the aircraft, with red carpet in tow and hundreds of bystanding citizens crammed into a roped off section near the main terminal. All of whom sought to catch even the slightest glimpse of His Holiness as he descended the airstairs in the most angelic fashion, as if he were coming down out of the Heavens themselves. The whole time a military band playing a few short feet away would render the scene of John XXIII's arrival in a utmost sacred fashion. One reporter of the Jornal do Brasil had this to say: "His Holiness Pope John XXIII transcended all greatness as he came down from the Heavens and bestowed upon the people of Rio de Janeiro the closest thing to that of the presence of Jesus Christ himself."[/sub]

[sub]His Holiness descended upon the crowd of ordinary Brazilian citizens, almost forgetting about the Brazilian government delegation and members from the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro that had come to receive him. The Pope would only regain focus when the Brazilian Foreign Minister, Negrão de Lima leaned in and said: "Your Holiness, this way please." John XXIII followed the Brazilian delegation, being trailed by his colleagues from the Vatican Curia which had been tasked with meeting with the clergy members from the various archdioceses that make up Brazil's large collective of Catholic churches and ministries. The Pope himself would go off to meet with Brazil's head of state, President Juscelino Kubitschek and his "revered" spouse, First Lady Dona Sarah Lemos (Kubitschek). The first stop however was at the recently erected statue of "Christ the Redeemer", which stands atop Corcovado mountain and overlooks the city of Rio de Janeiro. The route along the way had been cleared for the papal motorcade, but streets remained lined with cheering crowds and decorated with Vatican and Brazilian flags. Pope John XXIII would consecrate the monument himself. The arrival at the Catete Palace was marked with additional excitement from crowds near the front gates, however they would only receive a slight glimpse and perhaps a wave from His Holiness as the papal motorcade zipped past. Brazil's power-couple had stepped outside the comforts of their lavishly decorated home to greet Pope John XXIII as he exited the vehicle.[/sub]

[sub]Once inside they further exchanged formalities as the Kubitschek's attempted to make the Pope comfortable in their lavish home which was a far stretch from what His Holiness was accustomed to in the ancient corridors and halls of the Vatican City. Regardless of his surroundings, John XXIII made himself comfortable, finding a seat across from the President and First Lady in the enormous study they found themselves in. President Kubitschek himself stuck around only for a few minutes before excusing himself to attend to the business of running the vast nation of Brazil which paled in comparison to the Pope's duties of heading the world's largest faith, but regardless His Holiness understood that "the President of Brazil has far more on his plate to deal with than the elected absolute monarch of a small Roman city state." Thus the Pope and First Lady Kubitschek were left to discuss the issues that concerned themselves such as Sarah Kubitschek's long list of charities that she has supported since becoming Brazil's First Lady. The Pope found more interest in this than the overcomplicated affairs of state anyway and offered to loosen the strings on the papal coin purse to help fund some of Madam Kubitschek's charitable endeavors.[/sub]

[sub]The two of them seemingly became close friends over the extent of their discussions regarding charity and the growth of faith in Brazil. First Lady Kubitschek herself has been a devout Catholic since childbirth and even received the prestigious Grand Cross of the Military Order of Christ in 1957 for her works in expanding Christian charity in Brazil during the first few years of her husband's tenure as president. The total sum thus far given to charities of First Lady Kubitschek's choice by Pope John XXIII amounts to roughly $7,000,000 from the Vatican coffers. A Vatican spokesperson freely admitted that it was a large sum, but remains "relatively small when compared to the $89,000,000 the Vatican shelled out last year" for similar charitable programs. Aside from discussing Madam Kubitschek's charities, the topic of Brazil's declining level of poverty was brought up. His Holiness stated that "Brazil's increasing human development index is surely an act of God's firm hand and guidance in Brazilian social and economic policy." Increasing the level of living standards is also good news for the Catholic Church which depends greatly on how much church members can afford to place in the offerings collection dish during church services. The going rate of requested wages donated during yearly church service collections is 10% of a households gross annual income.[/sub]

[sub]The pair of newly found friends, Pope John XXIII and the First Lady Kubitschek wrapped up their discussions with a humble handshake between the two and a promise to remain in touch, especially in regard to a number of social issues close to Madam Kubitschek's heart as well as those of Vatican interests. The Pope would leave Rio de Janeiro with a warm heart and a reminder that "the Church is always readily available to anyone whom should seek it out and will be evermore present to those that need it the most." The Vatican delegation would return to "Shepard One", boarding for takeoff back to Rome. They would carry with them in their minds a new understanding of Brazil and it's people. An understanding of "Order and Progress" as thus is the national motto of the Brazilian people and indeed one which all Brazilians hold strong and true toward. |[/sub][/list]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto,

Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐄

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Iosheyya

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Monaco-, Andorra-, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan

August 1959

[sub]Newauroria — AFTERNOON[/sub]

v

|

Strengthening Bilateral Ties: Canada and Greece's Landmark Oil Agreement and Defense Cooperation

In an extraordinary display of diplomatic goodwill and strategic partnership, the Canadian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Hazen Argue, has announced a significant agreement with Greece. The agreement involves Greece's purchase of 15 million barrels of oil from Canada in exchange for several concessions aimed at strengthening their bilateral ties.

Amidst the bustling atmosphere of diplomatic negotiations, Prime Minister Argue found himself engaged in a conversation with Ambassador Ioannis Kallergis, a respected diplomat and close friend of Ambassador Sophia Katsaros.

Prime Minister Argue: Ambassador Kallergis, it's a pleasure to finally meet you. Ambassador Katsaros has spoken highly of you and your contributions to our countries' friendship.

Ambassador Kallergis: Thank you, Prime Minister Argue. I've heard great things about your leadership as well. It's an honor to meet you and be a part of this historic agreement.

Prime Minister Argue: The feeling is mutual, Ambassador Kallergis. I understand the importance of this oil supply for the Greek navy, and I'm committed to supporting Greece's maritime interests and regional security.

Ambassador Kallergis: Your support is deeply appreciated, Prime Minister Argue. This agreement will significantly bolster our naval capabilities and allow us to safeguard our waters more effectively. The Greek government recognizes the value of this partnership with Canada, and we look forward to further collaboration in defense and security matters.

Prime Minister Argue: Indeed, Ambassador Kallergis. Our countries share a commitment to upholding democratic values and ensuring global stability. This agreement not only strengthens our defense cooperation but also signifies our mutual dedication to regional security and prosperity.

As the discussion continued, Prime Minister Argue and Ambassador Kallergis delved into the details of the agreement, addressing the logistics and implementation of the concessions offered by Canada.

Prime Minister Argue: Ambassador Kallergis, the discount on docking rights and the provision of three joint military bases until the year 2000 are tangible expressions of our commitment to Greece's security. We believe that by working closely together, we can achieve shared objectives and maintain stability in the region.

Ambassador Kallergis: Prime Minister Argue, your words resonate deeply with our government and people. The docking rights discount and the establishment of joint military bases will enhance our defense capabilities and foster even greater cooperation between our armed forces. We are grateful for Canada's support and the deployment of 15,000 Canadian troops, which will strengthen our alliance.

Prime Minister Argue: Ambassador Kallergis, the deployment of Canadian troops is a testament to our dedication to our allies' security. Our troops will work side by side with Greek forces, sharing expertise and fostering mutual understanding. This collaboration will undoubtedly benefit both our nations in the pursuit of our common goals.

The dialogue between Prime Minister Argue and Ambassador Kallergis exemplified the trust and mutual respect that underpin the Canadian-Greek partnership. Their discussion highlighted the significance of the oil supply agreement, the concessions made, and the shared commitment to regional security.

As the agreement reached its final stages, both nations celebrated the strengthening of their bilateral ties and looked forward to the future collaboration and cooperation that would result from this landmark agreement. The oil supply, combined with the concessions and deployment of troops, would serve as a cornerstone for the further development of their defense cooperation and contribute to the stability and prosperity of the region.

The oil agreement between Canada and Greece, along with the accompanying concessions, marked a pivotal moment in their shared history. It solidified their commitment to each other's security and set the stage for deeper collaboration in defense matters. The dialogue between Prime Minister Argue and Ambassador Kallergis exemplified the spirit of friendship and cooperation that would define their ongoing partnership, ensuring a brighter and more secure future for both nations.

|

[spoiler=[sub]General[/sub]

A Oil Agreement

—]

Ababemba

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Provenancia

[list][list][pre]BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]| CHANCELLOR KIESINGER UNVEILS NEW GERMAN ENERGY POLICY WITH SPD SUPPORT[/sub]

[sub]| KIESINGER I | AUGUST 1959 |[/sub][/list]

| [sub]BONN - Early into the beginning of his tenure, the new Chancellor - Kurt Georg Kiesinger - convened a special conference with Willy Brandt, one of the top SPD chiefs and the mayor of West Berlin, and newly-elected Federal President Konrad Adenauer, Kiesinger's predecessor and the country's most revered elder statesman. Alongside experts and officials from the energy industry, Kiesinger laid out his plans to overhaul German federal energy policy to include a rapid expansion of the presence of peaceful civilian nuclear energy as well as the inclusion of hydroelectric dams in the German power grid, to continue diversification efforts. The key portion of it, naturally, would be the nuclear energy portion, considering the current novel state of the source of energy, and its dangerous origins. Originally devised by the United States as a weapon of war, nuclear energy has since been transformed - or is in the process of being transformed - into a civilian source of practically limitless power. Europe was working towards the construction of high-power nuclear power plants through Europe's atomic energy authority, which was pooling together Western Europe's resources and personnel to develop civilian nuclear technology.[/sub] |

| [sub]Politically, in Germany, both major parties - Kiesinger's Christian Democratic Union and Brandt's Social Democrats - were nominally in favor of developing nuclear power for peaceful purposes. Both parties understood the immense potential of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and were both largely inclined to support efforts to develop them within Germany. The third Free Democratic Party was also largely in favor of it, as was the German Democratic Party. The only time where the parties differed was over the issue of nuclear weapons. By several airtight international treaties, Germany was unable to possess her own nuclear weapons, as was most if not the entirety of the world, though the government of Konrad Adenauer had been seeking to secure the right to station U.S. nuclear warheads in Germany for the purposes of national defense. This had been stringently opposed by the Social Democrats and the Free Democrats, but combined, they could not overpower the majority held by the CDU/CSU and the DPD, both of whom supported a stronger U.S. presence in Germany.[/sub] |

| [sub]Seeing an agreement reached upon, Kiesinger held a press conference in early August to announce his new energy policy. He stated that renewed government subsidies and investments into nuclear energy as well as advanced energy research and development programmes in the country under a multipartisan bill that was supported by the Free Democrats and the Social Democrats, with only the DPD so far providing a non-committal stance. Brandt hailed the multipartisan cooperation as a "good sign" for things to come under Kiesinger's first government, which would be put to the test in precisely two years, when the 1961 general election comes around.[/sub] |

| [sub]For now, however, one of Kiesinger's top priorities would be, as aforementioned, energy, as the need to continue meeting the country's rapidly growing energy demands in light of expansive growth of the country and the economy continues into the sixties.[/sub] |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan, Newauroria

YUGOSLAVIA : A PIONEER IN AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY

August 1959

It was not for Environmental or Ideological reasons that Yugoslavia had put immense focus on sustainable Agricultural practices, but rather to ensure greater access to foods and above all achieve stability of said access. In many Eastern Bloc and Communist States, State control of agriculture (non-existent in Yugoslavia as it is 100% privatized) would generally adhere to state quotas and directives. This new System has served Yugoslavia well since 1951 when it was first introduced, which saw wasted production shrunk consecutively year by year as a result. But there were many lessons learned along the way to enable it to work so well, many of which are unique to Yugoslavia :

- Looks aren't everything : While the best looking produce is purchased by State and Private Retail Businesses alike (20% of Retail is privately owned, 80% state owned), the State purchases all still edible produce from farmers which they cannot sell to markets. This ensures that food which is perfectly edible but is visually displeasing is not wasted, thus increasing the efficiency of farming and reducing the losses of farmers.

- Imperfect Foods are purchased at 60% Market Price of Perfect Foods by State and Private Food Industries, particularly in the canned sector, as the visual nature of these foods is not conveyed when turned into sauces or otherwise incorporated.

- Inedible Foods which farmers have harvested but are for various reasons unfit for direct consumption are purchased by the State Directorate for Farming at 30% Market Price of Perfect Foods, to then be turned into Fertilizers which are sold back to Farmers.

- Milks of all types won by farmers are purchased by the State Agency, who then turn it into a wide array of products such as butters and cheeses. While also providing milk for drinking, if the raw milk provided is above production capacity for certain items then said milk is processed and rerouted to Schools or Pensioners Centers where it is handed out free of charge to prevent waste.

- Basic Farm Goods (Seeds, Machinery, Fertilizers) are sold to farmers at a baseline rate of 5% profit, however as there are multiple private suppliers of machinery and other goods these are offered alongside the Base goods in the event Farmers prefer said items. The State owned Products are to merely provide a stable input of farm goods which is affordable to virtually every farmer. Of course farmers are also free to create their own seeds from existing crop, though crop rotation and switching is recommended.

- The freedom of private farms extends to the farm-plots which many Residential Houses possess in their garden, traditionally consisting of the goods they consume most (thus reducing their food spending). While it is not possible for Residential individuals to sell these goods to market, it is perfectly legal to share or sell among their local community door-to-door and they require no zoning permit for farming. This is a non-negligible share of total agricultural output, as almost all Houses with their own garden possess some form of Vegetable or Herb plot.

- Water, which is state owned along with every surface and subsurface water resource, is provided free of cost to farmers up to a limit to prevent over usage. Drip irrigation is highly recommended as it reduces per acre water usage, however farmers are free to choose their own strategy (if they go over the limit they will pay a tiny fee per liter however).

- Farmers which do possess on-site moving water sources such as streams are encouraged to allow the Government to construct micro hydro installations along them to power both the farm and local streetlights (which is beneficial in rural areas) to reduce rural reliance on urban power generation.

- Farmers Bounty : Certain reliable private farms are selected each year and offered contracts to produce and provide certain crops or fruits, the Bounties pay around 20% on top of the usual market price so it is a lucrative business for many farms. Farmers can however refuses these contracts and continue their existing productions.

- Aquaculture Bounty : Farms which branch out into or focus entirely on fish and other aquatic products will receive a 15% bounty on top of the market price of the goods they produce. This is particularly the case with Shrimp, as Shrimp are pound for pound the most efficient source of seaborne protein. This is part of a Government initiative to provide seafood nation-wide, not just along the Coast or Riverlines.

- EMPLOYMENT access : The State Bureau for Farm Employment has offices in every residential area of 5,000 people or more, and letterboxes in every other residential area. The reason for this is that Individuals can register themselves with the Bureau to work, either full time or part time, for farms within their region (or further away if they specify). The Bureau then works in conjunction with private farms to find the best locations to work. Farmers then pay a basic wage which is boosted slightly by the National Agriculture Budget which pays a "Daily Rent". Farmers do have to pay based on a standard hourly rate, and can either stick to that rate or improve if special jobs are required. Given that no taxes are levied on farm-hands it is unlike in many western states, a rather lucrative affair for an individual with no skills.

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan, Newauroria

[list]September 1959

[sub]United Opposition[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]Opposition Announces Joint Candidates[/sub][/list]

[sub]SEOUL, Rutannia — MORNING[/sub]

| Just weeks ago President Rhee announced his intention to seek a fourth term in office in the upcoming 1960 presidential election, currently scheduled for March 15th. Today the opposition parties consisting of the Democratic Party; the Workers Party; Civic Rule; and the Social Democratic Party have announced that they will be submitting joint candidates for the upcoming elections. Chang Myon, who is the incumbent vice-president, will run again for the position under the joint candidacy, while Kim Il-sung will be the joint candidate for the Presidency. Although the parties have informally worked together in the past, this is the first time they have collectively submitted joint candidates for an election. They will face off against Syngman Rhee in the presidential election, and Lee Ki-poong in the vice-presidential election. |

| The opposition parties are confident of their chances in ousting Rhee as despite the recent improvement in the economy, Rhee has been deepening his grip on the country with the new National Security Law that has broadly curtailed freedom of the press in Korea, and has prevented a chunk of opposition politicians from voting in the National Assembly. Previous candidates for the presidency have also been arrested for violation of the act; just recently Cho Bong-am was arrested for allegedly being a Chinese spy; his first trial resulted in an acquittal, but a second trial found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Cho Pyong-ok an Democratic Party representative who was originally set to contest the presidency, died suddenly following a stomach illness; both deaths have been seen as too much of a coincidence, attempting to get rid of Rhee’s opponents. |

| A recent drop in financial aid from the United States has caused a headache for Rhee’s regime, and provided the opposition with fuel claiming that removing Rhee from office would see financial aid increase once again. The economy is likely to be a key feature of the campaign as well as governance as a whole. Fears have also grown that if Rhee was to be voted out of office the Korean military would intervene given that Kim Il-sung would be the elected president. The military has officially not given any indication of this, but inside sources suggest that sections of the military have become increasingly fed up with Rhee’s appointees to high positions within the armed forces. |

| Even though the election is more than six months away the campaign already appears to have kicked off in full force and is likely to remain intense and full of mudslinging for those six months. It is a campaign unlikely to generate much enthusiasm from the Korean public who have been turned off from politics due to its increasing negativity. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Kewtpuff, Provenancia, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Newauroria

[list]September 1959

[sub]Clark Development Plan[/sub][/list]

[pre]T H E C L A R K C I T Y[/pre]

| On the heels of Congressional efforts to redraw the maps of the national capital, Manila, the GREATER ANGELES CITY COUNCIL put forward an at first unnoticed proposal to the Department of Environment and National Resources (DENR)'s Land Management Bureau to redraw her own borders to establish a new city to the north - CLARK. At first an undeveloped, unsuspecting piece of land, the Clark site had been drawn out and brought to the interest of the Angeles, Pampanga local government and to the Pampanga province's land management agency by the AYALA Y COMPANIA, a major development conglomerate founded during the SPANISH ERA. Attached to public utility, services, power, manufacturing, and especially real estate, the Ayala conglomerate was the largest in the country, second only perhaps to the rising SAN MIGUEL BREWERIES, which was in the process of deciding over a name change to the SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION. |

| To the relevant authorities aforementioned, AYALA brought forward a multi-million peso plan to develop an unused piece of land to the northeast of the city of Angeles into the "new city of northern Luzon" - to be named CLARK. The multi-million peso development would be planned to include luxurious amenities, public housing, new models for city planning that would include more greeneries, more integrated public transportation systems, as well as new business hubs. The company took its plan to the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES after the Angeles city government signed off on it, with the intention of requesting for the establishment of a special economic zone around Clark wherein tax cuts and subsidies would be made available to attract investment not just from other parts of the country, but from around the world as well. The Clark Development Plan (CDP), as it would come to be called, would become the cornerstone of AYALA's operations after successfully building up the Manila business city of MAKATI after the Second World War. Clark, it was planned, would generate millions of dollars in revenue in new taxes, as well as at least 15,000 new jobs in northern Luzon. |

| The administration of Ramon Magsaysay was enthusiastic to see such investments by the private industry. Magsaysay had been planning for major investment schemes and private industry partnerships to expand investment and business opportunities in northern Luzon and in Visayas as part of a wider economic plan to diversify the centralized state of the country's wealth, which was currently focused on the most rapidly growing areas like MANILA and CEBU. Magsaysay while in favor of the thousands of construction jobs that would be developed under the Clark Development Plan refused, however, to sign off on plans to allow for "eminent domain" securing of land for the construction. Parts of the plan under the CDP would require the securing of lands currently owned by farmers, a group of the electorate Magsaysay was personally committed to protecting. He refused to sign off on the project and urged the House to turn down the project as well "if, at any point, eviction of farmers against their own free will is to take place". |

| To compensate, AYALA's developers agreed to instead purchase the plots of lands from the farmers, in a deal that set them back 250,000 Philippine pesos. With the land cleared up, Magsaysay signed off on a House resolution that swiftly passed the Senate to have the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) begin construction of the appropriate infrastructure to link up the coming construction site with the rest of the country, and specifically the nearby city of Angeles. The Angeles government was enthusiastic about the Clark Development Plan as it would likely also attract growth and investment to Angeles as well, and potentially drag competition away from BAGUIO CITY to the north, which had established itself after the war as the central hub in northern Luzon. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche, Newauroria

For the Eyes of the Prime Minister of Mali: Economic Report 1959

September, 1959

From the Office of The Economic Planning Committee: Malian economy is in a severe state of neglect and disorganization. Years of colonial mismanagement, failed projects, and improper integration have left the economy in shambles. To make matters worse the sudden dissolution of the French West African Federation, and quick reunification of several of these member states into the Federation of Mali have significantly impacted the states economies to the negative. Luckily, most local economies have remained relatively intact; however, they are entirely traditional without any modernization.

Upper Volta is by far the worst off of the economies. Negligible natural resources meant there was very little French investment. Instead Upper Volta was a transport corridor between Côte d’Ivoire, Niger, and Senegal. Unfortunately the Sudanese and Upper Volta lines had never been connected leaving them isolated from the new Malian Federation. While being mostly agrarian, the soil of Upper Volta is poor with overall productivity being low. This and frequent droughts left Upper Volta poor and vulnerable. While some reforms have been attempted they have been greatly resisted by 8 different tribal kingdoms, the most influential being the King of Wagadugu, or the King of World.

Guinea is a hidden gem for the Malian Federation. Mountainous, underdeveloped, and extremely leftist, to most it would seem as if Guinea doesn’t have much to offer economically, and is instead a drain on government resources and money. Below its rough exterior Guinea holds immense potential, Bauxite and Iron reserves are among the largest, with bauxite reserves estimated to be the worlds largest, and iron reserves thought to be in the top 25 in reserves.

Sudan is often called the land of failed reforms. Poor soil, and frequent droughts led to a failed cotton venture by french companies. The French government would attempt to alleviate this as they had their own ambitions as they wanted to rival cotton production Egypt. This would lead to the failed “Black Nile” irrigation project with mass government construction projects failing to mobilize the populace. Native resistance, and sickness caused costs to mount and the attempt overall ended. Since then colonial government reforms to settle and move natives had also overall collapsed in on itself.

Lastly, Senegal was by far the best off of the colonies. With the only major port in the region, Dakar is a bustling center of French administration, small manufacturing plants, and railway infrastructure. Outside of Dakar Senegal was relatively the same as the rest of Mali. Poor soil, little natural resources, and decentralized tribes. The only positive outside of Dakar is the fact that the Kingdom of Sine is firmly under the control of Prime Minister Léopold Senghor, who himself is related to the noble family through blood.

This EPC recommends the following steps within the first 5 years:

•Abolishment of all Tribal Nobility, Kingdom, and their governing powers.

•Implementation of 3 agricultural methods to improve soil quality, and ensure proper watering. Mainly using the Zaï method in which small planting pits in which organic matter (manure, compost or dry biomass) is buried before planting the seed in those pits. Contour bunding the farming practice to plowing and planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy precipitation, allowing more time for the water to settle into the soil. Lastly, crop rotation the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. This practice reduces the reliance of crops on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, along with the probability of developing resistant pests and weeds.

•The beginning of new irrigation projects. As prior mass irrigation has failed, a new smaller method will be implemented. Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation this type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.

•Selection of drought resistant plants, and importing of West African Cattle variants that can grow without being destroyed by heat or pests.

•Centralization of disparate people into central villages that can have better access to government funding and support.

•Movement away from cash crops like peanuts, cocoa, and cotton, for staple crops that can feed the populace as a whole.

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche, Newauroria

[list][list]15 JULY 1945

[sub]Force from which the Sun[/sub][/list]

[pre] O P P E N H E I M E R ¹ [/pre]

EXT. THE TOWER, TRINITY SITE — AFTERNOON

[sub]ALAMOGORDO, NEW MEXICO, Paramountica[/sub]

| The SUMMER of ’45 was rather hot and try on the southwest American mesa. News of Victory at the European front had naturally by now, reached the project but work continued to endure, with longer hours from the tech area. Traffic had increased along the highway headed southward from Los Alamos to Alamogordo . . . a year before, in the SPRING of ’44, OPPENHEIMER had spent three days an nights searching the dry barren valleys in a three-ton Army jeep, searching for an isolated stretch of wilderness, where of course, the Bomb could be tested — and he found it . . . 60 miles northwest of Alamogordo. |

[list][pre]In battle, in forest, at the precipice in the mountains

On the dark great sea, in the midst of javelins and arrows,

In sleep, in confusion, in the depths of shame,

The good deeds a man has done before defend him.[/pre][/list]

| In the late afternoon, on the eve of trinity as thunderclouds began to roll in — OPPENHEIMER in his tan tweed suit, blue collared shirt, porkpie fedora and dark blue tie arrived before the Trinity tower for one last look at “The Gadget” . . . He was alone, and without haste, began to climb the tower. |

[list][pre]“We imagine a future, and our imaginations horrify us.”[/pre][/list]

| With his hands gripping the metal rungs of the ladder, OPPENHEIMER climbed up, a physicist reaching new heights — as a BRIGHT incredible ball of orange and gold, like an ice cream scoop on the desert floor expanded . . . and expanded. |

[list][pre]“They won’t fear it — until understand it, and they won’t understand it — until they’ve used it.”[/pre][/list]

| A storm was brewing, as OPPENHEIMER continued to climb up that metal ladder — as the pillar of fire grew, expanding its spherical radius further and further, rushing like WAVES across the desert floor. |

[list][pre]“Theory will take you only so far.”[/pre][/list]

| The desert winds didn’t deter OPPENHEIMER however, as he climbed further and further, with each rung his polished leather shoes going up further, careful not to slip as he ascended the tower — The great engulfment of fire, hotter than the surface of the sun took over surrounding cactus and mesa rock formations. |

[list][pre]“I don’t know if we can be trusted, with such a weapon — But we have no choice.”[/pre][/list]

| The pillar of fire, the engulfment shook the ground, sweeping away with its BRILLIANT bright sun surface until everything was— |

[list][pre]“This is going to be one . . . they are never going to tell the truth, about what’s happening here.”[/pre][/list]

| OPPENHEIMER reached the platform of the tower, standing there, next to an ugly metal globe studded with detonator plugs . . . everything seemed to be in order, and the landscape of the surrounding mesa desert was intact, and at peace. OPPENHEIMER would descend down from the tower ladder, get back in his jeep and drive back to the McDonald Ranch, only an evening away to Trinity Test. |

EXT. McDONALD RANCH, ALAMOGORDO — AFTERNOON

[sub]MESA DESERT, NEW MEXICO, Paramountica[/sub]

| OPPENHEIMER’s army jeep soon enough arrived at the ranch, where the last of the men who built the psychical Gadget were packing up their gear, their task had after all, been done. At first, GEN. GROVES had oppose the idea of testing the implosion bomb, known as “The Gadget”, plutonium was required for the war effort, and so scarce that there was much debate among those at Los Alamos on whether or not a test was even required — but OPPENHEIMER had convinced him a full-scale test was without question, required. Without a test, there would not be confirmation that what they had embarked on since 1942 would even be possible . . . a test was granted, for the 16th of July . . . and now OPPENHEIMER spoke to CYRIL SMITH, one of the project’s senior metallurgists. Most of the talking was done by OPPENHEIMER himself, and the chatting was aimless about life on the mesa until— |

[list]| J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER, [sub]Theoretical Physicist[/sub] | “Funny how the mountains always inspire our work.”[/list]

| SMITH smirked a bit, at that moment of calm, fully aware of the gathering storm that was to be the climax of the project’s efforts. |

[sup][list][list]To relax the high tension abound Los Alamos, some of the senior scientists of Manhattan created a betting pool — with a dollar a bet, predicting the size of Trinity’s tonnage . . . EDWARD TELLAR, as expected bet incredibly high, with 45,000 tons of TNT — OPPENHEIMER bet a modest 3,000 tons. ISDOR ISAAC RABI with 20,000 tons and Italian-born American ENRICO FERMI alarmed the base’s MPs (Military Police) by loudly and openly betting whether or not the bomb would ignite the atmosphere.[/sup][/list][/list]

____________

[sub]¹ A Series: OPPENHEIMER, the agony and humiliation that he was to endure in 1954 was not unique during the era of McCarthy. He was America’s Prometheus, the father of the Atomic Bomb, and lesser-known but more impactful as the father of modern American psychics.[/sub]

Arcanda, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Greater Kurdistane, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche, Newauroria

[list][list]APRIL 1954

[sub]Such an Eminent Man[/sub][/list]

[pre] O P P E N H E I M E R ¹ [/pre]

[list][sub][pre]The world is changing, reforming— This is your moment.

How can this man, who knows so much, Be so blind?

The force from which the sun draws its power, Has been loose.

Maybe the most important man who ever lived—

The man who moved the earth.[/pre][/sub][/list]

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐘𝐎𝐑𝐊 𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐄𝐒[pre]DR. OPPENHEIMER SUSPENDED BY A.E.C. IN SECURITY REVIEW;

SCIENTIST DEFENDS RECORD; HEARINGS STARTED;

ACCESS TO SECRET DATA DENIED NUCLEAR EXPERT—RED TIES ALLEGED

—[/pre]

STRAUSS ON THE EVE OF THE SKEWED OUTSET

[sub]WASHINGTON D.C., Paramountica — EVENING[/sub]

| LEWIS STRAUSS waited patiently in front of the Washingtonian townhouse of the Republican Senate Majority Leader, WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND, a close EISENHOWER ally. STRAUSS was a rather anxious man, waiting there for his chauffeured limousine to arrive — as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (A.E.C.) — he had, in December of the year previous launched the security board proceedings upon OPPENHEIMER. There had been for a great deal of time a very real concern that the American scientist may try to flee the country, and STRAUSS had hoped that the Justice Department might have intervened and confiscated his passport to prevent such an outcome . . . however such a thing had never even crossed OPPENHEIMER’s thoughts. Indeed, STRAUSS had much to fear from even the right of the politic Americana. The Senator from Wisconsin, EGUENE McCARTHY was on the top of STRAUSS’ mind when it came to those who might interfere to turn what otherwise would be an Atomic Energy oversight into a Congressional one. Recently, the firebrand senator had charged that America’s hydrogen bomb project had been deliberately sabotaged by Communist spies, a charge wholly fabricated but captured the American right’s obsession with such events. |

| ARNOLD PETERSON, senior aide to LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Senate Majority Whip and Republican from Massachusetts, walked out of KNOWLAND’s front door as well, and descended the short stairs to the street sidewalk where STRAUSS stood. |

[list]| ARNOLD PETERSON, [sub]Senior Senatorial Aide[/sub] | “Still waiting I see?"

| LEWIS STRAUSS, [sub]Chairman of Atomic Energy[/sub] | “Yes, they seem to park them further and further nowadays…How’s the Majority Whip? I hadn’t really had time to speak to Leverett this evening.”

| ARNOLD PETERSON, [sub]Senior Senatorial Aide[/sub] | “Oh the Senator’s doing fine— There’s a lot of talk on the Hill about that security hearing of yours.”[/list]

| STRAUSS figured as much, after a Sunday evening dinner and drinks among the country’s most prominent Republican Senatorial establishment, STRAUSS figured he would leave early to prepare for tomorrow’s matter, on Monday the 12th. While he wouldn’t have a direct hand in it, his presence within the building was still required. STRAUSS motioned a tad bit with his fedora, and his tuxedo overcoat was over an arm of his. |

[list]| LEWIS STRAUSS, [sub]Chairman of Atomic Energy[/sub] | “I know that “esteemed” Senator from Wisconsin is never invited to these sorts of things—“

| ARNOLD PETERSON, [sub]Senior Senatorial Aide[/sub] | “—Oh and never will be.”

| LEWIS STRAUSS, [sub]Chairman of Atomic Energy[/sub] | “Right well, there seems to be a great deal of support for what the A.E.C. is doing tomorrow, but I hadn’t been able still yet to speak to Leverett?”

| ARNOLD PETERSON, [sub]Senior Senatorial Aide[/sub] | “Maybe that was for the best, the Senator out of all of them in the conference frankly; if he could expel McCarthy from the Senate . . . he would have by now.”[/list]

| STRAUSS took a moment to process that, indeed, SALTONSTALL could be counted among those Liberal Republicans who had become alarmed at the state of the Republic, following what was noted to be McCARTHY’s constant baseless accusations, heightening a red scare that had by now, worn thin around those who knew better — and when it came to the security hearing against OPPENHEIMER . . . The headline from the NEW YORK TIMES — “. . . DR. OPPENHEIMER SUSPENDED BY THE A.E.C. IN SECURITY REVIEW; SCIENTIST DEFENDS RECORD; . . .” had come as relief for STRAUSS. Although STRAUSS and his team had intended to blame OPPENHEIMER’s lawyers for the leak, the leak came from STRAUSS himself . . . terrified that someone even further to the right of himself may take the OPPENHEIMER case, such as Senator McCARTHY — The Times had proceeded to publish the full text of the letter of charges and OPPENHEIMER’s response, both given and responded to in December of 1953 . . . The article itself had been written by James Reston. Instantly, the news had a polarizing effect; American Liberals were petrified to see such an Eminent Man could be attacked in such a method, indeed unlike America’s right — liberals and the left had regarded OPPENHEIMER very much as that Prophet of public policy, an intelligentsia icon of his day and knower of all of America’s atomic secrets. |

[list][list][pre]”. . . Strauss and the Eisenhower people are certainly getting petty. I can conceive of no move more calculated to bolster McCarthy and to encourage which hunting than this throwback to the prewar years and this attempt to search under the bed of Oppenheimer’s past to see whom he was talking to or meeting with in 1939 or 1940 . . .”[/pre]

— DREW PEARSON, liberal syndicated columnist.[/list][/list]

| Conservative and right-winged commentators however, capturing the right’s swing during the postwar has had gravitated to the story in a positive light. They had, as the decade continued, embarked on a crusade against America’s liberal establishments from the sciences to the arts — blacklisting noted members of nearly every profession from labor union action to college academia, to Hollywood screenwriters and now, makers of scientific public policy. It reached levels of mass hysteria two days prior to the commencement of the April 12th hearings, on Sunday. |

[list][list][pre]”. . . Senator McCarthy, that important crusader against the internal Communist threat around us intends to reveal a key atomic figure had urged that the H-bomb would not be built at all! This famous atomic scientist had been an active Communist Party member and the leader of a red cell included other noted atomic scientists! . . .”[/pre]

— WALTER WINCHELL, His Sunday telecast & radio broadcast.[/list][/list]

| STRAUSS finally turned to glance at PETERSON, as his own chauffeured limousine arrived, and in reference to OPPENHEIMER. |

[list]| LEWIS STRAUSS, [sub]Chairman of Atomic Energy[/sub] | “How can this man, who knows so much . . . be so blind?”[/list]

| STRAUSS entered the automobile, pondering, determined to ruin OPPENHEIMER’s reputation. |

░░▒▒

[list]15 JULY 1945

[sub]Force from which the Sun[/sub][/list]

THE TOWER, TRINITY SITE — AFTERNOON

[sub]ALAMOGORDO, NEW MEXICO, Paramountica[/sub]

[list][pre]In battle, in forest, at the precipice in the mountains

On the dark great sea, in the midst of javelins and arrows,

In sleep, in confusion, in the depths of shame,

The good deeds a man has done before defend him.[/pre][/list]

| In the late afternoon, on the eve of trinity as thunderclouds began to roll in — OPPENHEIMER in his tan tweed suit, blue collared shirt, porkpie fedora and dark blue tie arrived before the Trinity tower for one last look at “The Gadget” . . . He was alone, and without haste, began to climb the tower. |

[list][pre]“We imagine a future, and our imaginations horrify us.”[/pre][/list]

| With his hands gripping the metal rungs of the ladder, OPPENHEIMER climbed up, a physicist reaching new heights — as a BRIGHT incredible ball of orange and gold, like an ice cream scoop on the desert floor expanded . . . and expanded. |

[list][pre]“They won’t fear it — until understand it, and they won’t understand it — until they’ve used it.”[/pre][/list]

| A storm was brewing, as OPPENHEIMER continued to climb up that metal ladder — as the pillar of fire grew, expanding its spherical radius further and further, rushing like WAVES across the desert floor. |

[list][pre]Theory will take you only so far.”[/pre][/list]

| The desert winds didn’t deter OPPENHEIMER however, as he climbed further and further, with each rung his polished leather shoes going up further, careful not to slip as he ascended the tower — The great engulfment of fire, hotter than the surface of the sun took over surrounding cactus and mesa rock formations. |

[list][pre]I don’t know if we can be trusted, with such a weapon — But we have no choice.”[/pre][/list]

| The pillar of fire, the engulfment shook the ground, sweeping away with its BRILLIANT bright sun surface until everything was— |

░░▒▒

CONCERNING THE WINTER OF ’53 & SUMMER OF ’48

| On December 18th, three days before LEWIS STRAUSS, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Committee (AEC), delivered the letter of suspension to J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER, he had gone to the Oval Office to discuss how the Oppenheimer case was to be handled. Although the President was not in attendance, instead meeting with congressional leadership — Vice President NIXON, WILLIAM ROGERS, and White House aides C.D. Jackson and Robert Cutler, along with ALLEN DULLES, the country’s CIA chief were in attendance . . . The opportunity to put this upon the American scientist had come about from EISENHOWER’s Executive Order requiring a ‘reevaluation of all individuals whose files contained “derogatory information” of any kind’. While not targeted to a single person, STRAUSS had ever intend to focus it upon OPPENHEIMER, who had proven to be the most vocal left-winged/liberal voice opposed to the ever-present shift in American nuclear weaponry doctrine. |

| ROGERS had suggested they should do what President TRUMAN had done to HARRY DEXTER WHITE — the long-time Treasury aide whom, after the resignation of President HENRY A. WALLACE, was the first target of the HUAC — a senior American official at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference that established the postwar economic order. He dominated the conference, and his vision of post-war financial institutions mostly prevailed over those of John Maynard Keynes, the British representative who was the other main founder. Through Bretton Woods, WHITE was a major architect of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank . . . In August of ’48, a month after the TRUMAN Presidency began, WHITE had been accused of being a Communist, and aiding the Soviet Union. After testifying and denying the accusations, he had a heart attack, and passed away two days later . . . The suggestions from ROGERS had irritated those in the Oval Office, and he withdrew the suggestion of making a public scene for OPPENHEIMER. |

[list][list][sup]The group instead shifted to STRAUSS’ suggestion, to have OPPENHEIMER appear before an administrative review panel, the American scientist would be offered a choice — He could depart from public life quietly or he could appeal his suspension of his security clearance before a panel appointed by STRAUSS — OPPENHEIMER had chosen the panel.[/sup][/list][/list]

____________

[sub]¹ A Series: OPPENHEIMER, the agony and humiliation that he was to endure in 1954 was not unique during the era of McCarthy. He was America’s Prometheus, the father of the Atomic Bomb, and lesser-known but more impactful as the father of modern American psychics.[/sub]

Arcanda, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Kewtpuff, Jasumaa, Greater Kurdistane, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche, Newauroria

Post by Turkmyanitajapserbia suppressed by Paramountica.

Turkmyanitajapserbia

Now I’m here and I definitely [sub]won’t[/sub] commit horrible atrocities 🤭❤️✨😍

September 1959

[sub]Newauroria — AFTERNOON[/sub]

v

|

The Avro Canada F-3 "Lance": Canada's Variable-Geometry Fighter Aircraft

The Avro Canada F-3 "Lance" is an ambitious project currently under development by Avro Canada, aimed at creating a versatile and capable fighter aircraft to complement the existing capabilities of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). With a focus on meeting the evolving needs of modern air warfare, the F-3 "Lance" incorporates advanced technologies and a unique variable-geometry design to excel in various operational roles. This article delves into the features, advantages, and significance of the F-3 "Lance", highlighting its potential to elevate Canada's aerial capabilities and contribute to international security efforts.

The development of the F-3 "Lance" began in June 1959, spurred by the realization that the existing Arrow aircraft had limitations that needed to be addressed. Avro Canada embarked on an ambitious project to design a third-generation jet fighter that could fulfill multiple roles, including air superiority, ground attack, and reconnaissance. The variable-geometry design of the F-3 "Lance" emerged as a solution to enhance maneuverability and adaptability, enabling the aircraft to excel in diverse operational scenarios.

The F-3 "Lance" incorporates advanced avionics, radar systems, and sensors that provide exceptional situational awareness and targeting capabilities. Its powerful engine delivers impressive thrust, enabling high speeds and altitude performance. The variable-geometry feature allows the aircraft to adjust its wing configuration during flight, optimizing its performance for different mission profiles. From high-speed intercepts to low-altitude ground attacks, the F-3 "Lance" offers versatility to effectively engage and neutralize a wide range of threats.

The F-3 "Lance" is currently undergoing extensive testing and evaluation to ensure it meets and exceeds all performance and safety requirements. Avro Canada's dedicated team of engineers, technicians, and test pilots are working tirelessly to bring this advanced fighter aircraft to fruition. This rigorous development process aims to ensure the F-3 "Lance" readiness for future deployment.

Once in service with the RCAF, the F-3 "Lance" will significantly enhance Canada's aerial capabilities, safeguard Canadian airspace, and contribute to international peacekeeping and security efforts. This cutting-edge fighter aircraft represents a significant step forward in Canadian aviation technology, reflecting Avro Canada's commitment to innovation and excellence. With its state-of-the-art features, adaptability, and future-proof design, the F-3 "Lance" is poised to become a cornerstone of the Canadian Air Force's fighter fleet, ensuring Canada's readiness to tackle the evolving challenges of modern warfare.

The Avro Canada F-3 "Lance" embodies the spirit of innovation and excellence, aiming to elevate Canada's defense capabilities with its advanced features and versatile design. As development progresses, the F-3 "Lance" promises to be a formidable asset in the RCAF's fighter fleet, empowering Canada to effectively respond to diverse operational requirements. With its anticipated deployment, the F-3 "Lance" will bolster Canadian security, strengthen international partnerships, and contribute to global peacekeeping efforts. Avro Canada's commitment to delivering a cutting-edge fighter aircraft ensures that the F-3 "Lance" will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of Canadian aviation technology.

|

[spoiler=[sub]General[/sub]

A Lance to finish a Arrow

—]

Ababemba

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Jasumaa, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche

A Solution to Monarchy?

October 1959

| Prime Minister Robert Bradshaw sat in his office awaiting a meeting with the leader of the Opposition Alexander Bustamante. The two of them despite being on opposite sides of the aisle was amicable, especially in comparison to the last prime minister. Both wanted the same things, and for the Federation to succeed, and while they disagreed on how much autonomy there had to be, they were both many steps towards the center, especially compared to the fringe authoritarian right and left.

Bradshaw stood up as Bustamante was led into his office by a secretary. They shook hands before sitting down.

AB: ”Prime Minister Bradshaw!”

RB: ” Mr. Bradshaw, it has been a while since we’ve met. This time it is of the utmost importance that’s threatening our country.”

AB: ” If I had to guess I’m assuming this is about the monarchy? The protesters certainly are causing us immense issues.”

RB: ” I’ll be perfectly honest with you Alexander, I don’t give much of a damn about the monarchy either way. I only fear what the radicals will do. If I abolish it the moderates will revolt, if I keep it the furtherest edges of my party will break away.”

AB: ” I feel the same. The monarchy while unimportant provides us an important opportunity to maintain economic ties with the United Kingdom, and the rest of the Commonwealth. It costs us almost nothing except for an image.”

RB: ” But the loss of that image. The continued colonization, even if in name only. A population of mostly black, mixed race, and native people being ruled by a white monarch, what does that say? Men like Grantley Adams will cease upon, say this is a weakness, our colonized minds continuing.”

AB: ” The only option it seems for us is to deal with everyone in a way in which there can be no complaints. We must avoid compromise on this, lest the issue rears its head later.”

RB: ” Then the only way I can see forward is a referendum… yes yes, I know I hate the idea as much as you. Allowing it radically up to chance, in the hands of the voters, but we have no other choice.”

AB: ” I agree, there is no other option. But, I’ll put forward this, to let this referendum go through, the Conservative Party will not endorse a candidate, if the Labour Party agrees as well.”

RB: ” I’ll make sure the leadership stays in line. I’m sure there will be smaller fish who want to throw their support either way, but as a party, there will be no endorsement.”

| Bradshaw and Bustamante stand up and shake hands

AB: ” Thank you Mr. Prime Minister, may we put this issue to bed once and for all. May I say, you are far more hospitable to work with than your predecessor? Good day.[/I]

| With that Alexander Bustamante left the office. Sitting down Robert Bradshaw chuckled and shook his head, maybe this federation would work out after all.[/I]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche

[list]October 1959

[sub]The Rose Coalition, Pt. 1[/sub][/list]

[list][list][pre]अंबेडकर और नारायण के रोज गठबंधन ने सभी बाधाओं के खिलाफ समानता सुधार को आगे बढ़ाने पर जोर दिया

AMBEDKAR AND NARAYAN'S ROSE COALITION PUSH TO ADVANCE EQUALITY REFORMS AGAINST ALL ODDS[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]OCTOBER 1959 | अक्टूबर 1959[/sub][/list]

[list] | [sub]In the 1957 general election two years ago, several opposition parties including the Communist Party, the Praja Socialist Party, the People's Democratic Front, and the Republican Party of India all formed together to establish a historic center-left Rose Coalition opposition alliance. The plan was to unify under a singular banner in the 1957 elections; a plan that eventually failed and led to a vote-splitting that, if avoided, could've brought the INC significantly closer to defeat. Now, however, the opposition had been strengthened thanks to historic gains in the election aftermath (The PSP and CPI alone gained 21 seats), and they had since then been working to disrupt the Indian National Congress party's operations and 'unravel the deranges mess of bureaucracy that covers up corruption and inaction'.[/sub] |

| [sub]Post-election, the INC was able to re-secure the premiership under Jawaharlal Nehru, but still faced strong questioning and interrogation from the still relatively small opposition that was now emboldened by the election results. For reference, the Congress party had won a plurality of all votes - 46.2% total. Combined, the Rose Coalition had won 25.8% of the vote. Compared to their 1953 performances, the opposition was strengthened - but not strong enough. Nehru was still able to push forward significant parts of their post-election agenda, composed primarily of tax cuts for businesses, deregulation of the agriculture and fishing industries, injections of funding into the Indian Armed Forces - the navy and air force branches in particular - as well as funding set aside once more for "advanced development programs" linked heavily to the Armed Forces and to national security leaders.[/sub] |

| [sub]The opposition worked their hardest to oppose it. The PSP and the CPI - the second and third largest parties in the Lok Sabha respectively - voiced their strong opposition to tax cuts for large businesses and agricultural and fishing deregulation, calling them 'a clear indication that the INC is finally giving way to special interests in a way more obvious to the Indian people'. Jayaprakash Narayan, who since the 1957 campaign has been polishing his image and prestige in what some are saying is a precursor to an attempt to mount a presidential bid to succeed President Mahatma Gandhi, called out Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru for 'not focusing on real issues like housing and income growth and equality'. After the Congress party challenged the PSP and the CPI, the Rose Coalition to the surprise of many joined arms and drafted a comprehensive housing bill that would see to the construction of public housing and road upgrading projects across the country worth tens of millions of dollars over ten years. The bill, also to the surprise of Prime Minister Nehru, was received lukewarmly by his own party members.[/sub] |

| [sub]While the Prime Minister's whips were eventually forced to table the bill in the Lok Sabha in a controversial move dubbed as clearly politically motivated, the effort empowered the opposition and informed them that Nehru could not oppose them firmly on things the general public supported. While India was officially non-aligned, its public and the government were still firmly anti-communist and particularly opposed to Soviet influence just to the north, in Central Asia. However, some socially progressive social policies such as more spending on public infrastructure, housing and healthcare were heavily supported. The INC itself was a left-leaning political party, but thanks to the rising conservative wings of the party, it had drifted slightly rightward in what some interpreted as an effort to counter the growth of Syama Prasad Mukherjee's Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) party, which had won 7.5 million votes (6.3%) and 12 seats in the Lok Sabha - making them the fourth largest party.[/sub] |

| [sub]Empowered by the housing bill debacle and the negative media reception to the INC's tabling of it, the Rose Coalition unveiled their second major joint project - a bill that would guarantee historic equality through the guaranteeing of voting rights for all Indians, including - to the extreme joy of B.R. Ambedkar's Republican Party - universal suffrage protections for the so-called Dalit ("Untouchables") class. While the concept of universal suffrage protections and the extension of funding for India's electoral commission to allow for greater turnout than ever in one of the world's largest democracies, the clause that protected suffrage rights for the Dalit was socially shocking at the time. While the Republican Party had brought light to the sufferings of the Untouchables in the hierarchical Indian society, at-large many still abided by the Hindu caste system and were skeptical or even outright opposed to any effort to dismantle it. Nonetheless, Rose Coalition leaders argued, their commitment to equal voting rights was 'unwavering'.[/sub] |

| [sub]The bill was unlikely to pass. But against all odds, they chose anyway to propose it, raising intense criticism from Hindu nationalists and raising cheers and applause from the millions of Dalits across the country who had transformed into the primary voting base for Ambedkar's Republican Party. Narayan cheered the bill on as a 'historic step forward for India' and urged INC legislators to vote in favor. Expectedly, however, INC legislators killed the bill by permanently tabling it until further notice, motivated potentially by the fact that Hindu nationalists formed a key voting group for the INC who were slowly but surely departing their mother party for the rising BJS under Syama Prasad Mukherjee. While the bill had not passed, it still sent a message of the continued unity of the Rose Coalition despite their electoral loss two years ago. Now, they looked towards the next general election in 1961, where they were looking at Mahatma Gandhi's being out of the picture as a potential opening.[/sub] | [/list]

Paramountica, Alwaynia, Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Nikkan, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

| BOOMING MUSIC INDUSTRY OF ZAIRE ; GROWING HOMOSEXUAL COMMUNITY OF ZAIRE |

[sub]19th of October, 1959[/sub]

| The music industry in Zaire has been ever growing since 1948. In 1948, CELESTINE AUGURU rose to fame with his song "Love Flames", which mixed the modern at the time lyrical structure of a song with the ancient Zairean instrumentalization that used to accompany many tribes. The song became a sensational hit, and foreign artists began to decline in Zaire within the radio and stage. In 1950, ALEXANDRA BERUGUDE opened her own music recording studio, the BERUGU STUDIOS, which since 1952 has rose to becoming the biggest Zairean music production studio. In 1951, Berugu Studios promoted MYLENE URGUNDI who became the first female music superstar of Zaire, as by 1954, URGUNDI was touring the whole country to sold out concert halls and stages.

By 1954, Urgundi was facing competition. PHILIPE OBONO brought Rock & Roll to Zaire from the United States, and the genre began to spread like rapid fire. OBONO quickly became the rising star of the moment, with younger women loving his style and the New York Times calling OBONO in 1957 "...the Elvis of Zaire..." However, quickly to take the stage was BEATRICE LUSUFU who took the American Rock & Roll to a new level by incorporating a Zairean twist to it in 1955. LUSUFU quickly gained international attention, and in 1958 she toured the United States with her songs.

In 1957, in the meantime, the mother of Zairean Pop Music MYLENE URUGUNDI strayed away from Rock & Roll, instead introducing what she called the NIGHTLIFE MUSIC, music dedicated specifically to the nightlife of Zaire. Her songs are now constantly played in night clubs and cafes, giving Zaireans a fresher and more zesty vibe of the night. URGUNDI in 1958 ended her contracts with BERUGU STUDIOS and started her own studios, MYLENE MUSIC which is on the search of fresh talent, such as GARSON HUTU who has rose to fame in early 1959.

HUTU, charismatically took the stage of Zaire after his fantastic performance at the Grand Opening of the Zairean National Concert Hall, the largest concert hall to date in Africa. His magnetic performance gained him the attention of MYLENE MUSIC. By April of 1959, he released his first album that mixed the genres of Zairean Nightlife Music and Rock & Roll, whilst pushing him to nationwide stardom. Stardom that was quickly challenged by ELINOR BUGUNDI, who turned towards the ballads. Ballads that have brought her to the attention of MYLENE MUSIC, ballads that have exported her to France and Italy. BUGUNDI is increasingly popular in France and Italy with her beautiful rendition of French Ballads, and her tours are becoming a must see around Europe. Very much in similarity to ANGELA RUBENSTEIN who has become a Zairean sensation in the United Kingdom. The Jewish-Zairean born singer is taking over the British charts with her lovey-dovey waltzing songs. Both stars have become what Zairean newspapers are calling ZAIREAN EXPORT POWER, Zairean artists that are being pushed out into the world to bring the country fame and fandom.

Therefore, it is without a doubt that MYLENE URUGUNDI, GARSON HUTU, ANGELA RUBENSTEIN, ELINOR BUGUNDI, BEATRICE LUSUFU and PHILIPE OBONO are the current giants of Zairean music industry, but they should watch their backs as new stars are on the rise as the 60s approach, and Zairean music continues to evolve. |

| HOMOSEXUAL COMMUNITY ON THE RISE |

| The homosexual community has been on a steady rise since 1944, officially. In 1944, the term was coined openly in Zairean politics, and by 1951, Homosexuality became officially legalised, to not keep anything in grey areas. Since 1951, the Zairean homosexuality community has become one of if not the most liberated in the world. But what exactly allowed such a community to become so liberated?

Firstly, and most importantly, the decline of the Church and the Secularisation reforms pushed by MARGOT OKOMBI. The Church, in the first years of Zairean independence, had bad connotations with it. Many saw it as an enabler to the cruelty and the suffering of so many under colonialism, and many began to keep away from it. That only intensified by the mid 50s, when those born in free Zaire, the youth, didn't see much of a need in the Church and its ways of being. Why's that?

OKOMBI, the famous yet controversial Expert to Culture & Innovation in Zairean government between 1944 and 1955, Okombi drafted and pushed through many social and cultural reforms such as the Educational Reform, which introduced sexual education & all-faith teachings, the Secularisation Reform which outlawed any religious interference into political and social life of Zaireans or her most controversial Social Cultural Reform which began major cultural and social changes in Zaire since 1951. Okombi both capitalised on the decline of the Church as much as she had sped it up.

In such an event, the attitude towards homosexuality in Zaire, in larger majority, is that of either no care or positive. Therefore, the homosexual community of Zaire is now present in every larger city of Zaire, with specific cafes and clubs opening for the community, and a specific fashion industry forming around such community. What it has also brought with, is the creation of the ZAIREAN BUTTERFLY JUNGLE RESORT in the South-West of Zaire in 1957. On the exterior it's just another tourist resort of Zaire, but on the interior it is a specifically designed homosexual resort which has seen a growth of foreign tourists, in majority men from around Europe and North America.

The Homosexual Community is only one of the thriving minority groups in Zaire. SLOVENIANS are another great example of a community that has adjusted just perfectly to life in Zaire, becoming well-respected engineers and professors around the country. The JEWISH community that was saved from the horrors of Europe and began to grow, found themselves in many aspects of Zairean life, spreading across the country. In reality what that means, is that Zaire is a growing melting pot of communities who have created a society, a country since 1940 that is built upon survivors who have chosen to live in harmony and peace, boosting each other further. |

[spoiler=" It has to be said that we are seeing a new era of African excellence and culture being transported around the world, a showcase that just twenty years ago would be absolutely undoable." - MYLENE URUGUNDI, Zairean Pop Artist]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Alwaynia, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Brazil Toucan, Slavissiche

[list]JANUARY 1959

[sub]NOVYY KHANSON - KORYO ASSR, Osivoii[/sub][/list]

[list][list][pre]|ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KORYO ASSR IN TAURIDA[/pre][/list][/list]

[LIST][LIST][pre]|СОЗДАНИЕ КОРЁСАРАМСКОЙ АССР В ТАУРИДЕ[/pre][/list][/list]

[LIST][LIST][pre]|타우리다에 高麗 소비에트 社會主義 共和國 自治共和國 樹立[/pre][/list][/list]

| People of Korean nationality are amongst several indigenous peoples of Primorye and the general far eastern region. Having inhabited both the peninsula, and inner and outer Manchuria for thousands of years the people were removed from their traditional homelands by forced deportation. Suspected of collaboration during heightened conflict between Soviet Union and an imperially ambitious Japan, leadership sought their deportation as a means to stem Japanese aggression. This, as recognised by the existing General Secretary, was a historic mistake based in Stalinist paranoia and not the facts of the day. Hundreds of thousands would, as deportation spells, be ripped from their homeland and forced to settle the frigid steppes of the Kazakh, Kirghiz and Uzbek SSR’s. The new inhabitants, remaking their lives, would excel in all aspects of society and would construct a model Soviet community with historic future implications.

Koryo people would participate valiantly in the defence of the motherland during the Great Patriotic War. On the front line, in the mines, factories and fields of the Soviet Union, Koryo people would play a disproportionate role in the success of the state over fascism. Despite such effort however, Koryo people would still face official discrimination under stalinist policy until the official rehabilitation of the people would be given under Nikita Sergeyevich. Rehabilitation would spur a mass wave of migration from Central Asia to the open and fertile in the south of the Soviet Union, eventually becoming the majority in certain localities and the dominant ethnic group in “Taurida”, alongside returning Crimean Tatars partially rehabilitated. As a result of the mass arrival and establishment of places of compact residence, the state would propose elevating the areas to the status of an autonomous republic giving the local residents greater control over the operation of the republic.

To formalise the establishment of the Koryo ASSR, the people of the area of compact residence held a referendum where more than ⅔ of voting participants agreed to the establishment of the autonomous republic. As per law, the results of the referendum were sent to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR which considered and approved the results of the referendum. The Supreme Soviet of the union republic would, on behalf of the residents of the area of compact residence, send the results of the referendum to the Supreme Soviet of the Union. The Supreme Soviet, agreeing with the motion of Koryo residents, would accept the results of the referendum officially establishing the Koryo ASSR and a period of transition for local governance. During the period of transition, the Government of the Koryo Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic would establish itself in the newly named Novyy Khanson (Simferopol) under the leadership of Marina Ten. Tasked with overseeing the transition, Ten would seek the complete transition of power from the union republic to the autonomous republic within the period of no more than three years. Ambitious as it seems, the First Secretary has the full support of the people and the state and is determined to complete the task of delivering self-governance to the people of the region. The establishment of the ASSR represents a new chapter for aspiring areas of compact residence, and a new wave of korenizatsiia under Nikita Sergeyevich. |

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list][list][pre]BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]| BONN-DORTMUND RAILWAY CORRIDOR PASSES FEDERAL REGULATORS, BEGINNING LANDMARK INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT

| KIESINGER I | OCTOBER 1959 |[/sub][/list]

| [sub]BONN - The Federal Ministry of Transport was, as the name suggested it, the chief German government ministry responsible for the operation and maintenance of state-owned or state-operated transportation networks, and for the maintenance of the autobahn (highway) system across the country. The Ministry had, for the last few months, been engaged in close discussion and practical unification with the Federal Ministry of Regional Planning, Building and Urban Development as both agencies oversaw the preparation of the proposal for one of the most ambitious mass transportation corridor projects the Federal Republic had seen in its decade of existence. Under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, the first plans for the proposed Bonn-Dortmund Corridor had been laid out to the Federal Ministry of Transport by a congregation of various railway and transport companies spearheaded by Oskar Schroder's Deutsche Bahn AG.[/sub] |

| [sub]The Bonn-Dortmund Corridor was a proposed mass transportation/mass transit project that would involve the construction of rapid speed passenger and cargo rail between the cities of Bonn, Colonge, Dusseldorf, Duisburg, Essen, and Dortmund at the very end. Alongside the development of expanded economic opportunities by allowing citizens to live and work between the four cities, investments in transportation, railways and the transformation of the four cities into "Germany's largest economic corridor" would also be planned. It would be a multi-year, multi-million dollar project that would take up a substantial portion of the Transport Ministry's time. From the very start, it was an attractive opportunity for the Adenauer government who was looking to continue investing and growing in major urban areas, in an attempt to maintain economic growth (which had been stagnating in recent months) and appeal to urban voters, which at this time largely voted for the center-left Social Democrats.[/sub] |

| [sub]From January, when the proposal was first put forward, all the way to the end of the Adenauer government in June with the Bundeskanzler's ascension to the position of Federal President, preliminary discussions on the feasibility and potential positive and negative effects of the projects took place. It was largely agreed upon that the project would generate tens of thousands more jobs for a growing pool of youth workers from the urban areas of Cologne, Bonn and Dortmund particularly. When the handover of power took place from Adenauer to the country's second chancellor, Kurt Georg Kiesinger - also of the CDU/CSU party - pledged to continue investigating the project's feasibility and benefits. Eventually, receiving the support of his coalition partner, the FDP, and of the opposition German Democratic Party (DPD), Kiesinger signed off on pushing the proposal forward to the Federal Bundestag.[/sub] |

| [sub]It would be around this time that the project would officially enter the public eye. The German public generally took it positively, especially as the industrialist Oskar Schroder embarked on a national tour to convince the country it was a good program - and indeed, it would represent investments and jobs for an economy that wasn't growing as fast as it used to (but still growing rapidly nonetheless). The Social Democrats were lukewarm towards the proposal, but Erich Ollenhauer - the Leader of the Opposition - voiced his party's opposition to the project, calling it 'bloated and a money sink in the wrong place and at the wrong time'. He offered a counter, proposing that the government should focus on 'building housing and building diplomatic relationships' rather than building 'trains, trains and more trains'. The comment struck with the large German railway industry, which led to Ollenhauer subsequently retracting his statement. Nonetheless, however, the SPD stood its ground and affirmed her intention to oppose the bill. Willy Brandt, the popular, young mayor of Berlin who was widely expected to run for the Chancellery in two years time, stated that the bill had good intentions but that 'it invested into too central of a location'. He asked the government under Kiesinger to focus 'on the wider country, on all Germans' rather than 'those living in and around the capital and solely them'.[/sub] |

| [sub]The SPD's opposition and criticism were weak at best, so there was no issue getting the project approved by the Federal Republic's legislature. A lengthy regulatory process would take place immediately after, with the CDU working closely with private companies to begin setting up a plan for long-term contracts and grants in the meanwhile. Federal regulators eventually gave their green light to the construction of the first railway links that would run from Bonn to Cologne, and from Bonn to Dortmund, with stops in Duisburg and Essen in October of 1959, two months after the Bundestag voted to green light the project themsleves.[/sub] |

| [sub]To strengthen his presently lukewarm and somewhat detached public persona, the new Chancellor - Kurt Georg Kiesinger - held a public event at the groundbreaking for a new train station in Dortmund that would serve as the end point for the Bonn-Dortmund Corridor passenger line. 'This is just the first of many investments into a Germany of the future!' Kiesinger declared confidently. His presence was firm, his professionalism clear, his people skills certainly stronger than his predecessor's - but he still had tinkering to do, himself not used to large crowds as his prior position in government had been as the Minister-President for a small northern German province.[/sub] |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Spainard, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Peking Zhongguo, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list]November, 1959

[sub]King Faisal allow girls to enter public schools.[/sub][/list]

[sub]In a historical and surprising move, King Faisal bin Abdulaziz issues a royal decree that will allow girls to enter public schools and colleges for the first time in the kingdom’s history. This decision to allow females to receive education was made by both the king’s belief in women right to receive the same education as men and by the influence of his favorite wife, Queen Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan who also believe in female’s right to equal educations. Girls will be allow enter current public schools such as Riyadh University be will be separate from the men and in current and soon to be completed female only schools and women’s education will be supervised by the ministry of education. However, this decision made by Faisal angered the clerics and are protesting against it. King Faisal hold talks with the clerics and he was able to persuade most of them of the importance of this decision by using their own logic. This was enough for the Council of Senior Scholars to issue a fatwa to sanction the royal decree and allow females to enter public schools and receive education.[/sub]

[sub] King Faisal has once again manage to pass another important reforms for the kingdom.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Ranponian, New Provenance, Peking Zhongguo, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list][sup]

(CCP) People’s Republic of China / (CCP) 中华人民共和国

[/sup]

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC CELEBRATES TEN YEARS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY VICTORY AMIDST THREAT OF FAMINE

人民共和国在饥荒的威胁下庆祝革命胜利十周年

[sub]October 1959 | 1959年10月

[/sub]

[list]

[sub]

BEIJING, CAPITAL PROVINCE | 北京,首都[/sub]

[sub]It was on the first of October, exactly ten years ago, that the People’s Republic of China was formally proclaimed in the great Tiananmen Square in the center of Beijing, of the Capital Province. It was ten years ago that Communist forces formally proclaimed victory over the nationalist Kuomintang forces under the rogue General Chiang Kai-shek, who since had fled to the small island of Formosa, establishing a breakaway Chinese state. Ten years ago, the Communist reign of the Chairman and Paramount Leader, Mao Zedong, begun. In the ten years since then, there is no doubt about the extent to which the Chinese state and the revolution had come. Under the directorship of the new Communist Party seated in Beijing, the People’s Republic sought to usher in a new Golden Age of China that put the Han dynasty to great shame. While many obstructions remain to the establishment of Communist China as a major world power, the reign of the CCP remains firm and strong ten years on, and it shall remain so a thousand years evermore.[/sub]

[sub]In commemoration of the event, the Communist Party assigned the Politburo to draft a month-long celebration that would begin in September with celebrations of the renewed strength delivered to the laboring workers of the Communist Revolution of 1949, and would end on the first of October with a major military parade including the best and finest of the great People’s Liberation Army, followed by an address by the Paramount Leader to the People of China from Tiananmen Square, from the very same balcony from which - ten years ago - he had personally proclaimed the establishment of a new Communist republic under his rule.[/sub]

[sub]Preparations would begin over a year in advance, with the People’s Liberation Army conducting regular practice maneuvers with the assigned regiments and divisions to ensure complete and total abidance by the script developed. The parade would be filmed by state media and broadcasted to the people of China and to the world at large as a statement on the strength and ferocity of the new Communist Chinese state. In the words of Zhou Enlai, the Premier and the Foreign Minister, the parade would “represent the indisputable fact that there is no competition to China - to our new China”.[/sub]

[sub]On schedule and under close monitoring from the Central Government, celebrations began in September of 1959, with parades and holidays taking place throughout the month as the people celebrated enthusiastically the imminent 10-year-anniversary of their People’s Republic. Months ago, factory owners and state-owned corporations had been informed of the need to exceed their production quotas for the months of September and October. The reports of these “immensely exceeded quotas” were touted by the central government as proof of the great success of the Communist experiment, and its superiority over the flawed capitalist system.[/sub]

[sub]On the first of October, the nation fell under a national holiday as it gathered around what little television sets were present across the Chinese provinces to tune in to the largest military parade in the country’s history. Row after row, members of the People’s Liberation Army, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force, and the People’s Liberation Army Navy marched past, their heads eternally turned towards the waving and smiling Chairman Mao and the top Politburo officials who flanked him on the famous balcony. From there, on that day, the Chairman once more proclaimed:[/sub]

[list][pre]"过去十年人民革命的成功,只是巩固了我们伟大的人民共和国的另一万年的成功,并打败了她的所有敌人!"

“The success of the People’s revolution for the past decade only cements our great People’s Republic for another ten thousand years of success, and the defeat of all her enemies!”[/pre][/list]

[sub]Over the presence of celebration and joy, however, underneath the reports coming in from the provinces were more sinister. Reports of lacking quotas and failings to produce sufficient food supplies were coming in to the lower ministries and the lower members of the Communist Party, potentially as a result of Chairman Mao’s landmark Great Leap Forward initiative. These reports, however, were “cleaned” and “modified” to “ensure accuracy” before being passed up the hierarchy. Over the mask of victory and optimism was a lower government attempting to hide the symptoms of a potentially disastrous problem.[/sub]

[sub]Nonetheless, according to state reports issued by the higher Politburo and associated committees, the country once more exceeded quota expectations in October.[/sub]

[sub]就在十年前的10月1日,中华人民共和国在首都北京中心的伟大的天安门广场正式宣布成立。正是在十年前,共产党军队正式宣布战胜了流氓将军蒋介石领导的国民党军队,蒋介石自此逃到了福尔摩沙小岛,建立了一个分裂的中国国家。十年前,主席和最高领导人毛泽东的共产主义统治开始了。在此后的十年中,中国国家和革命的发展到了什么程度,是毫无疑问的。在坐在北京的新的共产党的领导下,人民共和国试图迎来中国新的黄金时代,让汉朝感到非常羞愧。虽然在建立共产主义中国作为世界大国的过程中仍有许多障碍,但中国共产党的统治在十年后仍然坚定有力,而且将永远如此。[/sub]

[/list]

[B]

🇨🇳 🇨🇳 🇨🇳

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

Post self-deleted by Victoria Harbor.

[list][list]NOVEMBER 1959

[sub]The President J.K.[/sub][/list]

[pre]O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O[/pre]

PALACE OF THE ORANGE TREES

[sub]RIO DE JANEIRO, FEDERAL DISTRICT, Brazil Toucan — MORNINGTIME[/sub]

| With 14 months left until the end of his government, JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK was proud of the factories, the new roads and the new cities that were emerging in the interior. For J.K., as Brazilian journalists call him, each new day is always welcome, a chance to measure new successes. At 5:45 a.m., on an ordinary day, the president got out of bed to get the newspaper. Fifteen minutes later, he was answering the various phones in the house (four beside the bed, four in the bathroom, three in an adjoining study); KUBITSCHEK had summoned three ministers, one admiral, two generals, two secretaries, the chief of staff, the food supply coordinator and the administrator of the new capital of Brasília. At 7 a.m., in a silk bathrobe and polka-dot pajamas, he walked down the hall of Palace of the Orange Trees, his official residence in Rio, J.K. has a long list of things to do, like going to the barber to shave, having a facial massage, manicure, interviews, English lessons, more phone calls. It would be a morning of decisions: |

[list]| JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, [sub]President of the Republic[/sub] | “I think you should get the road that connects Belo Horizonte to Brasília ready by January, not April. Why can’t contractors do this now and charge it to next year?”[/list]

| At 1:30 p.m. he had lunch with his beautiful wife the first lady SARAH KUBITSCHEK and their two daughters MÁRCIA and MARISTELA, then flew to São Paulo to inaugurate a new Willys gear and axle factory and attend a party of medical colleagues. |

[list]| JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, [sub]President of the Republic[/sub] | “I achieved my goals and even exceeded them. They say it’s crazy to go so fast. We have to go fast. Our country has a population of 63 million people and almost 2,000,000 more people each year to feed, clothe, provide energy and tools. Brazil went from zero car production in 1956 to 170,000 this year; we had oil production from 5,000 bbl. a day in 1956 to 100,000 bbl. this year.”[/list]

| KUBITSCHEK has 6,000 flying hours in the air, preferring the helicopter to the car to get around Rio. J.K.’s critics do not deny that he has been a builder, but ironically say that Brazil’s official motto, “Ordem e Progresso,” has become “Disorder and Progress.” KUBITSCHEK has printed almost as many cruzeiros (66.9 billion) as were printed in all of Brazil’s history. He ignores Congress, transfers its funds to his projects — roads and Brasília. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

THE OPIUM FLOWS

Tami has been farming in the Golden Triangle for years, it makes enough money, and housing is cheap here. He's not happy, but he's surviving.

He's been working for a local drug cartel, ran by remenants of the Kuomintang in the region that weren't absorbed by the Tatmadaw. They have been untouched by Burmese authorities for now, and have kept their land safe from bandits, with them having vast stocks of old World War 2 era weapons.

Today has been going as usual, farming the opium, chatting with his coworkers, until he heard the sound of vehicles in the distance, he ran out to a small hill, and realized what was happening.

Several armoured cars were driving towards the farm with a large group of Tatmadaw soldiers following them, right in front of them was an old Kuomintang tank, driven by the recently integrated Kuomintang soldiers.

Tami ran to a nearby building, and triggered the alarms, quickly, the cartel soldiers ran put and began firing at the Tatmadaw, and the Tatmadaw quickly responded. For the next hour, the 2 sides fought a bloody battle for the farm, bodies of workers and soldiers were ridden across the fields of poppy flowers. Tami started running, he had a family, he needed to make it out.

He didn't get far away, being mistaken by a cartel soldier for a Tatmadaw soldier, and being shot several times.

The farm was eventually captured by the Tatmadaw, whatever remained of the cartels soldiers fled to the forests.

Their mission was successful.

Arcanda, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list]November 1959

[sub]Changdeok’s Red Lines[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]The Changdeok Faction Meets[/sub][/list]

[sub]SEOUL, Rutannia — MORNING[/sub]

| The winter sun glistened on the morning frost that coated the grass and plants of Gyeongbok Palace, the city was still quiet as people relaxed into their weekend with a long slumber. For the Changdeok Faction the weekends were a time of activity; meeting most weekends at variable times to prevent suspicion. Gathered in the throne room were the Prince Imperial; Major General Park Chung-hee; Army Chief of Staff Chang Do-yong; Lt Col Kim Jong-pil and Brigadier General Kim Tong-ha. The Changdeok Faction had largely transitioned into a meeting between major figures in the army as well as the Prince Imperial, who commanded the Naegeumwi a unit of around five-hundred royal guards. |

| The throne room wasn’t as chaotic as it had been in the past. The meeting was running smoothly, the five men gathered at one table drinking and smoking as they discussed the ongoing problems in Korea and the Rhee Government. The recent news about police shutting down both a Workers Party rally and a Democratic Party rally had led them to begin drawing up what they considered red lines for intervention and ousting Rhee from power. | [list]

[sub]MG Park Chung-hee: “Naturally with the ongoing election, I think if the election is obviously rigged that is enough for an intervention.”[/sub]

[sub]Chang Do-yong: “I think that would be far too early for ousting Rhee. If the election is rigged in his favour we have to leave it until we can see how the public reacts. If they protest then we have to go in.”[/sub][/list]

| The other two men would nod in agreement with the Chief of Staff, with Park conceding the point with a shrug of his shoulders as he began lighting up his second cigar of the meeting. The Prince would exhale deeply as cigarette smoke drifted upwards to the ceiling of the room, adjusting his seating position before speaking up. |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Why don’t we let some of them die first. See how much the public really want rid of Rhee.”[/sub][/list]

| The four men would turn sharply to the Prince who wore a small smirk on his face, Kim Jong-pil caught off guard by the comment would cough and splutter, moving the cigarette away from his face. A small smile would creep onto Park’s face as turned to look towards the Prince, who was taking another puff of his cigarette. | [list]

[sub]BG Kim Tong-ha: “We what? Let some of them die?”[/sub]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Let the protests go on, see how the public handle it. No doubt Rhee will put down any protests harshly, we have to see how badly the public want change. It also gives us secondary cover. We can’t have the government murdering protesters can we?”[/sub]

[sub]Chang Do-yong: “Are we seriously suggesting we let people die in the name of removing Rhee? Surely we should intervene the moment it looks like people are going to die?”[/sub]

[sub]MG Park Chung-hee: “I can see Haneul’s logic. If we intervene too early we could blow the operation if the protests are only short term, if people are killed it will make the people more angry, then we swoop in and remove Rhee.”[/sub]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “And that's where our fun begins.”[/sub][/list]

| As the Prince trailed to the end of his speech he let out a small chuckle, most of the men convinced save for the Chief of Staff Chang, who reluctantly nodded along to the idea still not comfortable with the idea of letting people die in the name of completely trashing Rhee’s name, believing he’d done that enough himself. He’d be awoken from his thoughts as Lt. Col. Kim clapped his hands together before he began speaking. |[list]

[sub]Lt. Col. Kim Jong-pil: “Now gentlemen, what about the prospect of Kim Il-sung as the next President?”[/sub][/list]

| The four other men would begin chuckling to themselves, grabbing more drinks or lighting up another cigarette, Chang shaking the previous conversation away and beginning to laugh along with them. The meeting continued on. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list]1959

[sub]Politics[/sub][/list]

[list][list] FIRST ELECTIONS IN ALPENLAND

ERSTE WAHLEN IM ALPENLAND

PREMIÈRES ÉLECTIONS DANS LES ALPINS

LE PRIME ELEZIONI IN ALPENLAND

—[/list][/list]

BERN

[sub]CAPITAL CITY OF ALPENLAND[/sub]

| For 160 years, the seats of Bern were reserved for the Swiss. Now, with the first elections in the newly formed country of Alpenland complete, nearly half would be occupied by those who until now, had been Austrian. Combining the electoral systems of Switzerland and Austria had presented a daunting task for the new electoral administration. A joint commission had been established, consisting of legal experts, election officials, and representatives from both nations. Their primary objective had been to accommodate the diverse political landscape of the new nation. It had been an arduous task, requiring delicate negotiations, compromises, and extensive deliberations to ensure a smooth and unified electoral process. The citizens of Alpenland would exhibit an extraordinary level of enthusiasm for participation. The prospect of shaping the destiny of their young nation would ignite a fervor among the populace. Public squares, town halls, and community centers across the Alps from Geneva to Vienna would buzz with lively political debates, rallies, and campaigns. When the day had finally come they had eagerly cast their votes, with a profound understanding of the significance of their choice. |

| The Constitution of Alpenland would lay out a unique requirement for the first presidential cabinet of the nation to include members of each party with 10 or more seats in the National Council. This would be designed to give many different political beliefs representation in the highest office of the nation during the crucial first presidency. After all, this small group of people would decide the precedents that would define their government forever. |

| Peering down at their ballots, voters would have dozens of candidates to choose from for every level of federal office. Five major parties would quickly rise to the top:

[list]█ The Free Democrats, the center to center-left coalition of moderate liberals from across the country, would have existed for almost 100 years alongside the Helvetic Republic. With career politician Hans Schaffner at the head, a man hand-picked by the outgoing Swiss President Max Pettitpierre as a successor, the FDP would be the safe, classical liberal option for most French and Italians, as well as upper to middle-class Germans.

█ The Christian Democratic People's Party, another well-established faction in Switzerland, would merge with the Austrian People’s Party to become the go-to center to center-right party of Alpenland. Alfons Gorbach, a man who had lost a leg fighting in World War I and was imprisoned at Dachau in World War II, would jump ahead as the party’s leader, taking over from outgoing Austrian President Julius Raab. His base of conservative rural and middle-class families would form nationwide support.

█ The Social Democrats of Switzerland and Austria had also quickly joined forces as the progressive, left-wing party of the nation. A relatively young Bruno Kreisky would be the obvious pick for party leader due to his working-class background which had drawn him to the party at age 15 and his experience on the Austrian presidential cabinet. A practicing Jew, Kreisky had escaped the holocaust to Stockholm and returned to rebuild the government of his home country.

█ The Communists, having been a banned ideology in Switzerland since its inception, would be mostly concentrated in parts of Vienna and former Soviet-occupied territory. Many, like the party’s leader Johann Koplenig, would mix far-left politics with Austrian nationalism to oppose the creation of Alpenland altogether. Koplenig himself had joined the Bolsheviks in the revolution against Russia after being taken prisoner of war and sympathized with the Soviet occupiers upon his return to Austria.[/list]

Voter turnout would be 91% for men. Despite having every right to vote on paper, women would still be denied suffrage by many local municipalities. For some, especially those in Swiss cities, this election would be their first, as no women could vote in the Helvetic Republic previously. |

RESULTS

[sub]SELECT "READ DISPATCH" BELOW[/sub]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1659057

[spoiler=THE WORLD TAKES NOTE

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list][pre]T H E S L O V E N E R E P U B L I C • S L O V E N S K A R E P U B L I K A[/pre][/list]

NATIONAL GALLERY MIRED IN CONTROVERSY AS PLAINTIFFS ALLEGE TIES TO WARTIME GERMAN THEFTS

[list][sup]THE DAMNING GAZE OF HISTORY

DECEMBER 1959[/sup][/list]

Judeo-Slovenian¹ art collector Dušan Švarc preferred a private profile. The Lendava-dwelling academic—a student of disciplines ranging from Rabbinic literature to the very symbolism espoused by the Aesthetic League—had written to liberal Slovenian newspaper Jutro explicitly clarifying his “distaste for the limelight”. However, out of “historical conviction”, he was now among an array of collectors and activists taking the National Gallery of Slovenia to court over its possession of several works inherited from Brdo Castle near Kranj, the summer estate of Prince Paul Karageorgevich: the final ruler of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and a collaborator of necessity with wartime Germany.

Among the artwork now in the possession of the Gallery were thus dozens of pieces purchased by Prince Paul or gifted by German benefactors to the Prince during the War, many of which had been seized from their rightful owners in occupied territories. In one instance—the one at the center of the case—the owner had been a now-deceased Jewish financier in Gradec, then the city of Graz in German Austria. Art collectors like Švarc had initially sought to merely expose the deeds of the Gallery, but when a consultant clarified the prosecutability of such a case in the summer of 1959, a genuine legal effort began. After the Gallery officially rejected requests to return the artwork to its rightful heirs in October, public attention turned to the case in earnest. By the winter of 1959–1960, the dispute had become a political powder keg. The Koprivnikar government rightfully feared the consequences of a public conviction of its national gallery, but the admittance of theft and its implications for the inventory of the Gallery seemed just as damning.

The case is set to rumble on throughout 1960 as Slovenian authorities commence a full investigation of the former art collection of the Prince.

[list][sup]¹ Slovenia had largely avoided a wartime German presence, and its postwar liberal democracy and universities attracted a considerable population of Jews fleeing the Titoist armies of Red Yugoslavia. The Judeo-Slovenian community numbers several thousand, predominantly urban, with a cultural capital at the multicultural Sloveno-Hungarian town of Lendava.[/sup]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

[list]December, 1959

[sub]Protests against allowing women to enter schools.[/sub][/list]

[sub]Despite issuing a decree that allow female to receive public education and the fatwa council sanctioning it there are those who oppose the new law. Those who oppose it believe that women shouldn’t receive any education and that their only duty is to be a housewife and obedient to their husband. The opposition got so bad that in December radical and ultra conservative citizen amass outside schools in Buraydah, Jeddah, Makkah, Madinah, and Riyadh to prevent women from entering school. When King Faisal heard of this, he orders the military to disperse the protesters in order to allow girls to enter school freely. The conflict between the protesters and the military were bloody that there were casualties on both side, but in the end the military managed to disperse the protesters and girls were able to enter schools freely. King Faisal hope that this event will discourse anyone who dare to protest against his reforms.[/sub]

[sub]Once again, King Faisal has managed to preserve his reform against those who seek to remove it.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche, Ashika

[list][list][sub]2.𝚇𝙸𝙸.1958[/sub]

[sub]IL RITORNO DEL RE[/sub]

THE KING'S RETURN[/list]

[list][list][pre]Eleven years after his passing,

King Vittorio Emanuele is granted a state funeral in the Pantheon.

[/pre][/list][/list]

ROMA, REGNO D'ITALIA

[sub]The Pantheon

[nation=flag]Arcanda[/nation][/sub][/list]

[list]| The fruit of a decade-long rumbling had finally come to bear. Umberto II, King of Italy, has seen it fit to transfer the mortal remains of King Vittorio Emanuele III from the family crypt at Superga to the hallowed hall of the Pantheon. Although the traditional burial place of all former Kings since the Unification, the Pantheon had not welcomed Vittorio Emanuele at his death. The fallen monarch, vilified by much of Italy's populace after enabling the rise of the P.N.F. before the war, had been forced to abdicate by 1946, letting the younger and more popular Umberto II take the reigns of power, and his official burial in the capital was never conducted for fear of igniting popular resentment. With the memories of the war growing distant, and a recovery across the country in both political and economic terms, 1958 seemed a good year to lay the King to rest. Although a birthright of the King, the relocation of Umberto's father still underwent a parliamentary process, at the behest of the King himself, who always remained attached to signs of democratic assent. With vigorous protests from the left-wing, a motion was passed by the Democrazia Cristiana and the Monarchist Party to transfer the King's remains. The official funeral was to take place on December 2nd, with the King, the House of Savoy, and the cabinet present, but without the attendance of any foreign officials. |

| the burial, conducted in the gray morning of early December, had drawn crowds of supporters — Few, if any, from the capital itself; most had undertaken the voyage from the South. Monarchists were heavily composed of peasants and small-town bourgeois families, elderly pensioners, blue-blooded officers and select noble families from Northern Italy. Slowly, the horse-drawn hearse passed the crowds, to the sound of clip-clopping hooves and a slow funeral march. The elite Royal guards corps, the Corazzieri on horseback, wore their distinctive shiny cuirasses, green, white and red horse-hair crests, white epaulettes, black boots and riding gloves, solemnly escorting the Monarch. On the sides of the road, supporters held portraits of the deceased King, and sparsely along the balconies, Italian flags could be seen. Vittorio Emanuele, who had reigned for 46 years, had witnessed nearly half a century — The Great War, the squalor and decadence of its immediate aftermath, Fascism, the war in Ethiopia, and finally the Second World War. His old-world manners and his malleability had made him fail the stand of time; the ranks of his supporters had thus understandably thinned. Few of his former subjects followed the radio coverage of his entombment, or the eulogy pronounced within the giant open-sky dome of the antique Pantheon. Indeed, the vocal majority cared little for what was a relic of the past. The past decade, far from erasing political divides, had made them less urgent. While the Communist Party organized marches in the urban centers of North and Central Italy to protest the transfer, most citizens of the Kingdom ultimately cared little for the fate of a man who had been so overtaken by other, more poweful forces during his reign. |[/list]

[list][list][pre]▌ R.A.I. — Radiotelevisione italiana

[ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaV57jzjMYg ][/pre]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Commonwealth of Liberty

[/sub]EVVIVA L'ITALIA!

—]

[nation]AbaBemba[/nation]

[nation]Adriatican Islands[/nation]

[nation]Alzarikstan[/nation]

[nation]Amsterwald[/nation]

[nation]Anglo Channel[/nation]

[nation]Arcanda[/nation]

[nation]Bayern Kahla[/nation]

[nation]Bescania[/nation]

[nation]Brazil Toucan[/nation]

[nation]Canovia[/nation]

[nation]Cascadla[/nation]

[nation]Central Arstotzka[/nation]

[nation]Connomia[/nation]

[nation]East Germany DDR[/nation]

[nation]Great Britain GB[/nation]

[nation]Greater Kurdistane[/nation]

[nation]Hashemite Kingdoms[/nation]

[nation]Hatzburg[/nation]

[nation]Honghai[/nation]

[nation]Israelli[/nation]

[nation]Kewtpuff[/nation]

[nation]Kotakuan II[/nation]

[nation]La Granadinas[/nation]

[nation]Ma-li[/nation]

[nation]Maziya[/nation]

[nation]Metropolitan Francais[/nation]

[nation]Moroavia[/nation]

[nation]Nevbrejnovitz[/nation]

[nation]New Provenance[/nation]

[nation]Nileia[/nation]

[nation]Nippon-Nihon[/nation]

[nation]Nonador[/nation]

[nation]Nosautempopulus[/nation]

[nation]OsivoII[/nation]

[nation]Paramountica[/nation]

[nation]Paseo[/nation]

[nation]Peking Zhongguo[/nation]

[nation]Pontianus[/nation]

[nation]Provenancia[/nation]

[nation]Ranponian[/nation]

[nation]Reyzen[/nation]

[nation]Rutannia[/nation]

[nation]Socialist Democratic Republic Romania[/nation]

[nation]Spainard[/nation]

[nation]Sri-Lanka[/nation]

[nation]Sudesam[/nation]

[nation]Taiiwan[/nation]

[nation]Teymour[/nation]

[nation]The Black Star-[/nation]

[nation]The Sun States[/nation]

[nation]Turkiye 1st[/nation]

[nation]Ubertica[/nation]

[nation]Vancouver Straits[/nation]

[nation]Victoria Harbor[/nation]

[nation]Vietnam SV[/nation]

[nation]Virnall[/nation]

[/spoiler][/list][/list]

Paramountica, Alwaynia, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche

Freedom?

January 1960

The day had finally come, the Federation of Mali would finally declare it’s independence. The declaration itself; which was delivered before a gathered crowd of 50,000 would be quickly spread out to the other parts of the nation. Griots delivered the details of the events orally, and the ceremony itself was greatly steeped in mythology, with some griots claiming Sundiata and Musa both appeared as angels. In the somewhat larger and more connected towns and cities, newspapers were read aloud by the few literate members within the city, or read by town criers. The richest in Mali would listen to the speech broadcast over the radio, silently pondering what this would mean for their profits and businesses. For those living on the furtherest fringes of society word wouldn’t reach them for months.

The French had already began to tear down their administration since the announcement of the federation in 1959. Those like Pierre Messmer and the leftovers of his administration felt troubled. He had left his mark on the West Africa, he had harassed and destroyed numerous communists and leftists. On the other hand he had seen the rise of tropical fascists, and authoritarians in Togo, Benin, Niger-Azawad, and Côte d’Ivoire.

For the members of the African Regroupment Party the declaration, and independence was overall a bittersweet event for them.

For those on the left like President Keïta and Deputy Minister Touré, those that had the most loudly, and ferociously beat the drum of independence were left empty. While they were free in some ways, they were still beholden to French influence. Financially the Federation of Mali would still be roped into the CFA Franc. This would greatly constrain the nations ability to act independently, being still pegged to French currency, and being forced to maintain acceptable levels of fiscal policy. Economically, they still largely depended on paying back French loans, and most economic infrastructure would be tied to trading with France, at least initially. Diplomatically they were locked in the French Community, and would be forced to walk the balance between East and West, lest France intervene in the internal state of Mali. Overall, the independence the left had most desired turned into a rather bitter pill for them to swallow.

Meanwhile the right wing of the ARP was facing an entirely different kind of bittersweet feeling. Léopold Senghor had never desired independence. He had wanted all of West Africa to remain apart of France forever. He had advocated for a truly federal system that would see west Africa being an equal overseas department like French Guiana. When he finally had to accept independence, Senghor and his supporters had tried to create the Mali Federation encompassing the entirety of French West Africa. Instead, Senghor was now the in charge of running a rump state, that he had never wanted to happen. He was a failure, his dreams turned into nightmares, Senghor was a Prime Minister trapped in a cage of his own design.

Outside of the political parties, most Malians felt mixed. In cities like Dakar, and Bamako people took to the streets to celebrate independence. Parades, and celebrations were held as the old Imperial banner, emblazoned with a lion, the symbol of the symbol of the Lion King and founder of the Empire, Sundiata. Intellectuals, the middle class, and businessman of all stripes flocked to the new banner of freedom and nation. Everyone else, farmers, and factory workers, who made up 95% of the population, felt mostly ambivalent towards independence. While they had hated France, and being ruled over by French authorities, they also were extremely suspicious of the French educated African intellectuals.

While Keïta delivered a fiery impassioned speech declaring independence for all Malians, and Senghor delivered a polite and formal address, the two sides of the party sat frustrated, and dejected. Despite this, for all of them, and all of the people within the Federation itself they still had one thing. Hope, for all the fears and the relatively poor situation Mali found itself in economically, politically, and socially, there was still hope. The people despite being divided and disagreeing, still marched together for a better future. As long as the Malian people remained hopeful, the Federation would have a chance.

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Slavissiche

January 1960

[sub]Newauroria — AFTERNOON[/sub]

v

|

Developing the Canadair C-2 "Bison": Expanding Cargo Capabilities for the Canadian Air Force

The Canadair C-2 "Bison" is a groundbreaking aircraft currently under development by Canadair, designed to address the Canadian Air Force's need for enhanced cargo capabilities. In response to the limitations of the existing C-1 "Yukon" cargo aircraft in carrying wider cargo such as armored personnel carriers (APCs) and tanks, Canadair initiates the C-2 "Bison" project in December 1959. The aim is to create a versatile cargo aircraft capable of accommodating various cargo types, providing a seamless solution to the Air Force's evolving requirements.

The development of the Canadair C-2 "Bison" is driven by the primary objective of expanding cargo capabilities, specifically addressing the need for wider cargo dimensions. The dedicated team at Canadair meticulously designs the C-2 "Bison" to ensure it delivers optimal performance, range, and operational efficiency, all while accommodating a diverse range of cargo.

The Canadair C-2 "Bison" incorporates innovative design elements to facilitate its wider cargo capabilities. The cargo bay of the aircraft is meticulously engineered to accommodate the dimensions required for transporting armored vehicles, large equipment, and wide-bodied cargo. This feature enables efficient and secure transport, meeting the Air Force's mission requirements with ease.

Canadair's development team works tirelessly to bring the C-2 "Bison" to fruition. Extensive research, design iterations, and rigorous testing are conducted to ensure the aircraft meets the highest standards of performance, safety, and reliability. The project involves thorough evaluation to optimize the C-2 "Bison" for seamless operational deployment.

Once operational, the Canadair C-2 "Bison" revolutionizes the Canadian Air Force's cargo transportation capabilities. Its ability to accommodate wider cargo dimensions offers the Air Force the flexibility to transport a broader range of equipment and supplies, greatly enhancing their operational effectiveness. The C-2 "Bison" plays a vital role in supporting military operations, disaster response efforts, and international peacekeeping missions.

By seamlessly integrating wider cargo capabilities into the Canadair C-2 "Bison," Canadair aims to provide the Canadian Air Force with a cutting-edge solution that enhances their operational effectiveness and flexibility in transporting diverse cargo types. Through extensive development and testing, Canadair's dedicated team is working diligently to ensure the successful realization of this ground-breaking aircraft.

|

|

Status Report Canada (1960) Edition

Dominion Of Canada

Capital City: Ottawa

Official Language: English, French

Religion: 92%Christianity, 3%Jewish, 1%Other religions and 4%No religious affiliation.

Demonym: "Canadian" and "Canuck"

Government: Federal Parliamentary Democracy

Legislature: Parliament of Canada

Upper House: Senate

Lower House: House Of Commons

Population: 22.8 Million

Life Expectancy: 75 Men and 77 Women

Fertility Rate: 4.2 per Women

Area: 9,976,140 square kilometres (3,854,083 square miles)

Water(%): 8.92%

Total Land Area: 9,093,507 square kilometres (3,508,946 square miles)

GDP: $78.9 Billion

Per Capita: $3,453.51

Currency: Canadian Dollar (CAD)

Time Zone: Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)

Date Format: dd/mm/yyyy

Calling Code: +1

ISO 3166 Code: CA

Military: Canadian Armed Forces

Branches: Army, Airforce, and Navy

Active Personnel: 300,000

Reserve Personnel:490,000 Ready Reserve, 1,050,000 Total Reserve

Budget: $2.367 Billion

|

[spoiler=[sub]General[/sub]

Big Boy

—]

Ababemba

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li

[list]January, 1960

[sub]The Consultative Council appointment.[/sub][/list]

[sub]It been almost a year since the Basic Law of the kingdom came into effect and despite promising to establish the Consultative Council and appoint members to it within five months, King Faisal decided to hold the appointment. The reason is the growing tensions in the region and trying to protect his kingdom from influence of UAR and its ideology. Now that he feels that he secures the security of the kingdom and the monarchy he finally announce in January, the establishment of the Consultative Council and the appointment of members of the council. The Consultative Council is unicameral legislature and has 150 members (all of whom are independent not aligned with any political ideology) and will be chosen by the king from amongst scholars, those of knowledge, expertise and specialists and the Speaker of the Council will be a member of the Al ash-Sheikh. While most of the members of the Council will mostly be male, King Faisal has reserve 10 seats for female to be member of the Council. Although the Consultative Council has only advisory role, it has the power to propose laws to the King of Saudi Arabia and his cabinet to prove it and pass it. The Council will have its sessions in the Al Yamamah Palace (the official residence of the King and the Royal Court).[/sub]

[sub]King Faisal has finally fulfil his promise of establish a legislative council for Saudi Arabia.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Slavissiche

[list][list]JANUARY 1960

[sub]Brazil’s Former Head[/sub][/list]

[pre]O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O[/pre]

BRAZILIAN EMBASSY

[sub]BUENOS AIRES, BUENOS AIRES, Kewtpuff — AFTERNOON[/sub]

| Brazil’s former head, GETÚLIO DORNELLES VARGAS, 77, was a dictator and also a constitutional President, but was removed from the Presidency by the military five years ago and now directs Brazilian affairs in La Plata. VARGAS now had a routine, he met three times a week with the La Platan officials, and he made a tireless effort to keep Brazilian-La Platan relations always prosperous. VARGAS also had a meeting with President JUAN PERÓN himself, to further increase cooperation between Brazil and La Plata. But VARGAS’ objective was different, to contain Perón’s growing influence in the Andes, Brazil cannot and will never remain in the shadow of its neighbor. But for that, he needs America’s help, as Washington still has a great influence on the continent. |

| At the Buenos Aires airport, after his meeting with La Platan officials, VARGAS traveled to the United States, where he would meet with influential American politicians and President DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER and discuss the growing influence that La Plata has demonstrated. While Vargas is concerned about this, he needs to remember that he is no longer the head of state of the largest nation in the Southern Hemisphere, but an ambassador appointed by President JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, who shows no concern for La Plata. After meeting the American president, he traveled to Rio de Janeiro to speak with his boss, President KUBITSCHEK. Vargas tried to convince KUBITSCHEK to meet with the Americans to contain PERÓN’s influence in the Andes, but without success, KUBITSCHEK was now more focused on finishing the construction of his capital than on foreign policy. |

| His trip abroad was a failure, the U.S. President demanded the participation of the Brazilian head of state in these matters, but KUBITSCHEK seems not to care about the problem that could harm Brazil in the future. As Brazil is not interested in containing the growth of La Plata’s influence in the Andes, VARGAS has chosen not to pursue his objective, he will only focus on preserving the good relations that the two nations maintain. VARGAS has three meetings scheduled with two Peronist ministers and with La Plata’s ambassador to Brazil, but many journalists wonder if ex-President VARGAS intends to return to Brazil and compete in the 1960 presidential race, for him the Presidency is out of the question when KUBITSCHEK visited his farm in São Borja, VARGAS only agreed to take care of Brazil’s business in La Plata and nothing more was said. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Arcanda, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Ma-Li, Slavissiche, Lebanon Cedar

[list]JANUARY 1960

[sub]Excélsior[/sub][/list]

[pre] L A P A T R I A E S P R I M E R O [/pre]

[list][sub]Mexico City, Mexico Alwaynia — MORNING[/sub][/list]

[list]| [sub]The Congress of the Union has passed legislation to establish the Civil Service Social Security and Services Institute (Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado). This institute will work with the private sector Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) to ensure that public and government workers have equal access to social security. This move will improve healthcare coverage across the country.[/sub]

[sub]The government organization created by President Adolfo López Mateos has been signed into law and is viewed as a significant victory for the country. The Secretariat of Health will oversee the organization. This move addresses labor unrest caused by citizens challenging government policies on salaries, paid holidays, vacations, overtime, and bonuses for civil servants.[/sub]

[sub]One of the main priorities of Mateo’s government was to address poverty, resulting in the allocation of a historic high of 19.2% of total expenditure towards social welfare spending. The government wants to establish various social welfare programs aimed at helping low-income individuals and enhancing existing ones. As part of this effort, healthcare and pensions will continue to see improvement, and new social services, such as hospitals and clinics, are planned to be constructed.[/sub][/list]

[list][list][spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler][/list][/list]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Ashika, Lebanon Cedar, Aligirnia

[list][list]January 1960

[sub]The Land of Milk & Honey[/sub][/list]

[pre] D I S P A T C H W O R K ¹[/pre]

BEIRUT, Lebanon Cedar — MORNINGTIME[/list]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1897176

[list][sub]Lebanon was the site of some of the oldest human settlements in the world—the Phoenician ports of Tyre (modern Ṣūr), Sidon (Ṣaydā), and Byblos (Jubayl) were dominant centres of trade and culture in the 3rd millennium BCE—it was not until 1920 that the contemporary state came into being. In that year France, which administered Lebanon as a League of Nations mandate, established the state of Greater Lebanon. Lebanon then became a republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1943.[/sub]

____________

[sub]¹ DISPATCHWORK, dispatches/factbooks designed by Para in the Commonwealth of Liberty (COL)[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche

[list][list][list][pre]RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY

PALAIS DE L’ELYSÉE[/pre][/list]

______

ÉLYSÉE PALACE: A FRANCE LONGING FOR STABILITY LETS GO OF IT'S IMPERIAL AMBITIONS

[sub]VTH FRENCH REPUBLIC | PARIS, JANUARY 1960 [/sub][/list]

[sub]| HELM OF DÈMOCRATIE, PALAIS DE L’ELYSÉE - | With a single, eloquent evocation of the common sense and grandeur that should be France, Charles de Gaulle last week changed the mood of his nation. Until he delivered his ringing "no retreat" speech, France had been drifting seemingly unchecked toward civil war in Algeria. After he spoke, there was hope and growing assurance that the situation could be saved.[/sub]

[sub]When the European settlers of Algiers began their uprising a fortnight ago, it seemed unthinkable that 1,000,000 Algerian "Frenchmen"—60% of whom are Spanish, Italian or Maltese by ancestry—could topple a government satisfactory to the majority of their 45 million fellow citizens in Metropolitan France. However as last week wore on, metropolitan Frenchmen came to realize that it was not the insurgent settlers they had to fear; it was the French army, which stood revealed as neither a neutral witness nor an unwilling accomplice, but as the active and continuing patron of the settlers' revolt. "The army," lamented Paris' Les Echos, "has become the first party in France." Convinced that in Algeria they are defending not only France but the West against Communist imperialism, many French officers were quick to see yet another political betrayal in De Gaulle's offer last September of self-determination to Algeria. When the European extremists of Algiers went to the barricades, the army's commanders made a few tough noises, then lapsed into undisguised sympathy with the insurgents. When news of the army's attitude reached Paris, the effect on De Gaulle's civilian subordinates was shattering. Some members of the government all but openly took the army's side; even more panicked.[/sub]

[sub]In this chaos, the same kind of chaos that toppled the Fourth Republic, all that restrained the army was the fact that France's head of state was Charles de Gaulle, who clearly had overwhelming public support in Metropolitan France. Public opinion in the Metropole was behind De Gaulle partly because the likeliest alternative to his government was civil war, partly because his contemptuous refusal to bow to the insurgents' pressure gave good republicans the kind of leadership they had lacked in 1958. Frenchmen also saw Algiers' unseemly display as a blow to France's claim to be a great power. Public opinion was also behind De Gaulle, because France in 1960 is preoccupied with normality. What neither the army nor the settlers had counted upon was that issues which once aroused France's deepest political passion have lost much of their power to do so. In endorsing De Gaulle's return to office, the French were expressing above all their desire for a stable and legitimate government that would allow them to forget the extremes of politics and get on with the job of expanding the prosperous, productive society they had built since World War II. Now where Algeria had once been a source of national pride, it now seemed a threat to that hard-won political stability. [/sub]

[sub]With a wave of "self-determination" sweeping itself all across Africa and France expending much of it's energy and resources attempting to hold onto it's "crown jewel" in it's collection of colonies that have made up the French Empire, now the French Community; Charles de Gaulle gave the go ahead to grant independence to several French colonies. The newly independent group of nations which still make up the French Community are Cameroon, French Togoland, Madagascar, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Chad, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Mauritania, and the Mali Federation. It is hoped by many in the French government that France can officially get a hold on the situation in Algeria by giving France's colonies a form of pseudo-independence where they still in fact rely heavily upon "Mother France" in many aspects, however they can enjoy the freedom of political self-determination. France proclamations for her colonies are check marked with regulatory clauses that basically ensure that those colonies remain beholden to France itself economically, militarily, and politically even though they are now officially independent. "It may not be the independence they all wanted, but it is independence they will receive at least for the time being," commented one Le Express news reporter. | [/sub]

[list]______[/list]

[list][list][pre]VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE![/pre][/list][/list]

[list][spoiler=[sub]𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘[/sub]]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Allbania

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Andorra-

Annyeong Korea

Arcanda

Asharken

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Bhaarat Lok

Canada Leaf

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Holy Vatican City States

Honghai

Iosheyya

Islahh

Israelli

Jasumaa

Kabushiki Gaisha Sega

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Lebanon Cedar

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Mesuvia

Molbovia

Monaco-

Nevbrejnovitz

Newauroria

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Northern-Epirus

Osivoii

Osivoiii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Puerto Somoza

Qysaland

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sudesam

Taiiwan

Tallahan

Teymour

The Persic League

The Siberian Confederacy

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

Whitokazi

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, New Provenance, Greater Kurdistane, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche, Lebanon Cedar

YANGON BLEEDS

January 11th, 1960

Union of Burma

For the past 2 years, Burma has been plauged by instability. The main political party having been dissolved and in its wake several other political factions fighting for power. Ne Win, the head of the Tatamadaw and contender for the Prime Ministership, has decided to take another approach to getting in power.

He has assembled a team of loyal Tatmadaw officers and soldiers to coup Prime Minister U Nu, they have cut all telephone lines to the Capitol Building and blocked several important road connections to and away from the Capitol Building, the plan is to storm the building, kill U Nu, and have the rest of the Tatmadaw secure control over the country with him in power.

1 hour before the coup begins, Ne Win and the other officers and soldiers participating in the coup gather in several buildings outside of the Capitol Building. Roads have been blocked for "maintenance", the streets are clear.

30 minutes before the coup begins, Ne Win and some officers enter the Capitol, most of the soldiers stay behind, Ne Win nervously watches as his watch ticks by, each minute he is a little bit closer to taking over Burma.

4 minutes before the coup begins, the rest of the soldiers enter the Capitol, being stationed at the entrances.

The coup begins, Ne Win and his entourage storm the Office of the Prime Minister and apprehend him, Ne Win hands U Nu a letter of resignation, promising that if he signs it, his life would be spared. Both of them know that isn't the case, and U Nu isn't willing to give up control to Ne Win.

U Nu quickly grabs a blade hidden in his left shoe as Ne Win watches in shock, U Nu stabs him in the knee, causing Ne Win to tumble before U Nu stabs him in the throat.

The Tatmadaw soldiers shoot U Nu dead, but it is too late. Ne Win is dead.

The soldiers are stunned, unsure of what to do now. Their leader is dead, as is the Prime Minister, they quickly erupt into argument as some of the officers attempt to gain control over the soldiers and succeed Ne Win. The argument turns violent, and the soldiers begin firing at each other.

Violence spreads beyond the Capitol, as the other teams of soldiers involved in the coup continue to fulfill Ne Wins orders, however these operations are only partially successful, being able to kill some cabinet members, but not being able to take control over the Parliament.

In the end, Yangon bleeds, and Burma has no leader. The coup plotters and the Prime Minister are dead, as well as several other cabinet members, the Tatmadaw is disorganized with the loss of its leader and several important officers, and Parliament is trying to prevent Burma from collapsing without an army to back it.

If order isn't restored soon, the violence could spread far beyond Yangon. The question is, who will pick up the pieces?

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Lebanon Cedar

January 1960

[sub]Newauroria — AFTERNOON[/sub]

v

|

Lynx Light Tank Officially Unveiled at New Year Military Parade in Ottawa

Ottawa, January 1960 - In a momentous event that showcased the advancements in military technology, the Lynx Light Tank, developed by Horizon Motors, was officially unveiled during the New Year military parade held in Ottawa. The parade, which took place on January 17, featured a fleet of 12 tanks, including the groundbreaking Lynx, marking a significant milestone in Canada's defense capabilities.

As the sun rose over Ottawa, military enthusiasts and spectators eagerly gathered along the parade route, awaiting the unveiling of the highly anticipated Lynx Light Tank. The distinctive silhouette of the Lynx, with its sleek design and formidable presence, hinted at its advanced capabilities.

The parade began with precision marching bands and military personnel marching in unison, setting the stage for the grand reveal. The crowd's excitement intensified as the sound of tank treads grew louder, announcing the arrival of the Lynx Light Tanks.

With their polished exteriors gleaming under the winter sun, the Lynx tanks rolled through the streets of Ottawa, showcasing their impressive dimensions. Measuring 6.8 meters in length, 2.6 meters in width, and 2.4 meters in height, the Lynx demonstrated its compact yet powerful stature.

As the Lynx tanks took their positions in formation, military officials and engineers from Horizon Motors stood alongside them, radiating pride and anticipation for the unveiling ceremony. Dignitaries, including government representatives and military leaders, gathered to witness this groundbreaking moment.

Amidst the crowd's anticipation, a senior military official, accompanied by a representative from Horizon Motors, stepped forward to address the audience. Their words conveyed the significance of the Lynx Light Tank's integration into Canada's defense forces, highlighting the tireless efforts of the development team and the unparalleled capabilities of this new addition.

"The Lynx Light Tank represents a significant advancement in our nation's defense capabilities," the military official proclaimed. "Its cutting-edge design and exceptional performance will undoubtedly enhance our military operations and safeguard our national security."

The representative from Horizon Motors expressed their gratitude to the dedicated engineers, technicians, and designers who had brought the Lynx to life. "We are honored to have been part of this collaborative effort," they stated. "The Lynx Light Tank stands as a testament to the skill, innovation, and unwavering dedication of our team."

Following the speeches, the moment everyone had been eagerly awaiting arrived—the official unveiling of the Lynx Light Tank. With synchronized precision, a large cover was pulled away, revealing the Lynx's formidable turret and robust hull. The crowd erupted in applause, marveled by the tank's advanced features and sleek design.

As the Lynx Light Tank was unveiled, its specifications were read aloud, highlighting its powerful engine, automatic transmission, and torsion bar suspension system. The tank's armor composition and weaponry, including the main gun and secondary armaments, were explained, emphasizing the versatility and effectiveness of the Lynx in various combat situations.

With the unveiling complete, the Lynx Light Tanks, now unveiled and showcased to the world, rumbled forward, prepared to demonstrate their capabilities in a dynamic display. The tanks maneuvered with agility, showcasing their speed, firepower, and precision. The audience was captivated by the Lynx's mobility and combat readiness.

The Lynx Light Tank's official unveiling during the New Year military parade in Ottawa marks a significant milestone in Canada's defense industry. Its integration into the fleet solidifies Canada's commitment to modernizing its armed forces and ensuring national security. The Lynx stands as a testament to the expertise and innovation of Horizon Motors, as well as the dedication of the military personnel who will operate these remarkable vehicles.

As the Lynx Light Tanks continued their parade through the streets of Ottawa, leaving behind a trail of pride and inspiration, they symbolized Canada's readiness to face the challenges of the future and its determination to remain at the forefront of military technology. The legacy of the Lynx, Horizon Motors, and the collaborative efforts of all involved will be celebrated as a remarkable achievement in the realm of Canadian defense.

|

[spoiler=[sub]General[/sub]

Big Boy

—]

Ababemba

Abessinienreich

Adriatican Islands

Alzarikstan

Amsterwald

Anglo Channel

Arcanda

Bayern Kahla

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Central Arstotzka

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Honghai

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

La Granadinas

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Moroavia

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nonador

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Reyzen

Rutannia

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Black Star-

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Amsterwald, Victoria Harbor, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Lebanon Cedar

THE KABUL TIMES

[sub] J A N U A R Y[/sub]

[sub]1 9 6 0[/sub]

King Zahir suffers heart attack, Crown Prince Ahmad Shah Khan assumes power as King recovers!

[sub]Writer: Muhammed Ghulam[/sub]

[list][pre]Many people today woke up to the heartbreaking news that their country's beloved monarch, King Zahir Shah, suffered a heart attack that caused him to be hospitalized. It is said that King Zahir, who is not known to suffer from any underlying health issues, was rushed to the hospital by his family early in the morning before the Fajr prayers began. Official statements have stated that the King is in a stable state and that he will be released within the next week. For the time being, Crown Prince Ahmad Shah has been authorized to take over the position of his father as monarch and to perform his duties alongside Prime Minister Mohammad Daoud Khan on a temporary basis.[/pre]

[pre]It was with great speed and efficiency that Prince Ahmad Shah was sworn in this morning, and he promised that while his father recovers he would continue to work on reforms and modernization in the Kingdom. There have been meetings between the prince and the government and the policy has begun to be formulated with the aim of ensuring that everything runs smoothly in the future.[/pre]

[/list]

---------------------------------------------------------

New literacy and first aid programs launched for Afghan women

[sub]Writer: Habibullah Mirza[/sub]

[list][pre]A large-scale literacy program has been launched by the Ministry of Education at Baba Rahman High School for rural women and girls, targeted toward those without the ability to attain a high level of education due to their socioeconomic status or background. A basic First Aid and Nursing course was also launched to facilitate the training of women so that they would be more aware of basic first aid and be able to perform it in an effective manner in order to be of assistance to any rural medical services or simply to provide first aid to anyone in need.

The courses last only 14 weeks and they only aim to introduce students to basic literacy and the use of first aid, however more extensive courses are also available, but without the benefit of no payment, although students who finish the basic courses will receive a reduction in the fee.

The courses however have drawn the ire of several tribal and religious leaders, who have called them 'un-Islamic' and demanded that the government respect their wishes to enforce a strict stay-at-home policy for women and girls, denying them the right to education[/pre][/list]

---------------------------------------------------------

Paramountica, Rutannia, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Lebanon Cedar

[list][list][pre]BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]| A YEAR AHEAD, PROSPECTIVE SPD CANDIDATE WILLY BRANDT MAKES NATIONAL ROUNDS

| KIESINGER I | FEBRUARY 1960 |[/sub][/list]

| [sub]The next general election is still almost two years away, being slated for August of 1961 in accordance with the German Basic Law. However, the chief opposition party's leading figure has been making the rounds in preparation for a campaign that many consider will take place during the most vulnerable time for the governing Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party, which has had uninterrupted rule over the Federal Republic's chancellorship and legislative majority for the entirety of its eleven years of existence so far. With the departure of its long-time leader, Konrad Adenauer, to serve as the country's Federal President, and economic forecasts indicating a slowdown in the rapid economic growth of the Fifties, the CDU is at its most vulnerable position in years. The left-leaning Social Democratic Party (SPD) is the chief opposition party, and in the 1957 election they were able to make serious gains - an increase of around 30 seats, give or take. They only trailed the CDU by about 9% and 40 seats in those results.[/sub] |

| [sub]It was well understood, however, that a special candidate would be needed to serve as the frontman for the SPD's large-scale operation to secure the chancellery and a legislative majority - in tandem. The elder moderate, Erich Ollenhauer, had served as party leader since 1952, when Kurt Schumacher passed away. Ollenhauer had pulled his party away from the socialist roots and anti-Western policies that the polarizing Schumacher had brought to the party in the postwar. Now, he made it ardently clear that he was ready to pass on the batton. The most likely candidate and in fact the de facto SPD candidate for chancellor in the '61 elections would be Willy Brandt.[/sub] |

| [sub]Willy Brandt was the young, charismatic mayor of the City of West Berlin - his official title being Governing Mayor, and his official responsibility also including East Berlin - though, practically, his authority there was negligent. He had ascended through the ranks when he became Governing Mayor after the passing of his predecessor, before sweeping the polls in the 1957 elections for his first full term. He was a chief official on the SPD's executive committee, and was regarded as a young candidate who could appeal to the working-class and to swing voters as well. In West Berlin, he flaunted a strong list of achievements, endowed upon him by the SPD majorities in the local city legislature. He touted his strong housing program, strong job growth, and the development of the city police and fire departments into respectable agencies of their own. He was particularly praised even by some to the right of center for his effort to build up Berlin's subway and rail system, and his efforts to keep the isolated former capital of Germany connected to the rest of the Federal Republic.[/sub] |

| [sub]It was clear that he was the best candidate for the Social Democrats moving into 1961, the government's most vulnerable year yet. That's why he faced barely any opposition when he expressed his intention to 'go national' in the coming general voting. Ollenhauer would remain as leader of the party, but it would be Brandt representing them as the candidate for Chancellor - as he also held a seat in the Bundestag representing West Berlin. Konrad Adenauer had been the Christian Democrats' frontman for the past few cycles, and each and every time, they pummeled the Social Democrats and the opposition. They never quite reached a majority - they came 1 seat short in the 1957 elections - but their performance was staggeringly strong. Adenauer was still an influential political force, most likely the most influential one, but he had now relinquished party leadership and the position of Chancellor to Kurt Georg Kiesinger, a relative moderate with a soft-spoken personality, more akin to Heuss than Adenauer. Kiesinger was a very electable candidate, yes, but against Brandt, how would he fare?[/sub] |

| [sub]Head-to-head preliminary polling conducted by various institutions and commissioned by leading members of both parties indicated a dead heat race - for the first time in the country's history. Kiesinger held a strong 33% of the vote, but Brandt was close behind with 31%. Yes, Kiesinger still held the lead, but worryingly for both sides, 18% of respondents stated that they had yet to make a decision. The smaller parties like the center-right free market FDP and the center-right republican DPD were unlikely to take any significant shares of the vote this time around. Kiesinger was regarded as a stable hand, and his political platforms were largely supported by the general public (especially as he touted his strong executive experience as a former Minister-President), but Brandt was charismatic, and he presented bold plans for German foreign policy and housing. Most crucially, the SPD prospective touted the policy of Ostpolitik - effective detente and slow cooperation with the East, in favor of a more stable continent. This policy was worrying to many especially those foreign policy hawks and those in border regions, which could affect Brandt's performance among those members of the electorate.[/sub] |

| [sub]It would be in this environment that Willy Brandt would begin making extremely early pre-election national rounds. He met with SPD officials first in Frankfurt, as well as with transportation officials and with leading officials in the nascent German aerospace and defense industries. He visited Bonn itself, the capital, where he touted his housing policy to a crowd of renters and factory workers before meeting with Ollenhauer, other SPD party leaders, and with - interestingly - Joseph Gartner, leader of the DPD. The time for Brandt was still wide, but he was clearly taking advantage of time on his hands. Kiesinger, on the other hand, had the task of governing to focus on, and thus was unable to begin making the national rounds as early as the Governing Mayor. Whether this will even have an effect on the electorate so far out, only time will tell.[/sub] |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Lebanon Cedar, Padesahi-Ye Afganistan

[list][pre]T H E S L O V E N E R E P U B L I C • S L O V E N S K A R E P U B L I K A[/pre][/list]

‘KISLOV’ SPACE INSTITUTE FOUNDED IN THE WAKE OF ADRIATIC ROCKET TESTS

[list][sup]TO STRIVE SKYWARD

FEBRUARY 1960[/sup][/list]

Nearing the prospective renewal of a five-year contract with the Potočnik aerospace engineering firm, the Slovenian Chemistry Institute evaluated the successes of its corporate collaborators with a sweeping rocket test from the Edvard Rusjan Air Base in Trst in late 1959. An experimental set of hydrogen peroxide-fueled rockets—a technology inevitably nurtured by Slovenia’s robust chemical sector—was launched before scores of scientific observers, sending plumes of smoke arching into the sky. They doubtlessly seemed to quaint Adriatic villages like comets brought to earth.

To the relief of the watchers, no disaster resulted. Instead, the technology seemed a genuinely viable entrance point for Slovenia into rocket science, and the Institute chartered an entirely new division focused on hydrogen peroxide propulsion systems in December 1959. In February 1960, however, the Slovenian government reassigned the division to an altogether new organization: the Kozmični inštitut Slovenije (“Slovenian Cosmic Institute”, KISLOV). Also included in the Institute—codified as Slovenia’s space agency—were rights and access to the Črni Vrh Observatory and the University of Maribor’s Kredarica Weather Station, the latter of which was additionally in use by the World Meteorological Organization. Indeed, as the Republic will no doubt spend arduous years—perhaps decades—pining for successes in spaceworthy rocket science, KISLOV’s main practical functions will be confined to astronomical research and education. Plans for any project in the vein of Sputnik will not be realized for many years to come.

With the October 1960 presidential election drawing ever nearer, each governmental motion was slanted by the Koprivnikar administration toward the glorification of the President himself. KISLOV, the press staff of the Presidential Palace claimed, was “Nikola Koprivnikar’s hand, extended to the cosmos in friendship”.

Paramountica, Rutannia, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Lebanon Cedar

OK WHERE IS PARAMOUNTICA I NEED TALK

hi am governes am a part of the varnsese empire https://www.nationstates.net/nation=varnese

[list][list]FEBRUARY 1960

[sub]The Red Menace[/sub][/list]

[pre]A L J U M H U R I Y A H A L L U B N A N I Y A H[/pre]

JOUNIEH, Lebanon Cedar — MORNINGTIME

[sub]PRESIDENTIAL PALACE[/sub]

| Lebanon’s head of state FOUAD CHEHAB does not live in Beirut, but in a beautiful palace in the north, he only travels to the capital to resolve state affairs. At 7:50 a.m., rising from his comfortable bed, CHEHAB puts on his navy blue silk robe, reads his newspaper and makes calls to a few ministers and businessmen. Suddenly, one of the officials announces that he has some unexpected visitors, Premier RASHID KARAMI, two ministers and one ill-tempered general. The document they brought angered President CHEHAB, it was written that the Syrian-Lebanese Communist Party had blown up a highway in Beirut in protest against the pro-U.S. government. Around 9:00 a.m., CHEHAB telephoned three hard-line generals and summoned them to a meeting. His plan: recruit soldiers from the Lebanese Armed Forces to form an anti-Communist group. |

| But to make his plan a reality, President CHEHAB would have to negotiate with the Americans, British and French for the supply of military equipment. Initially, it was to recruit 6,000 men, but Premier KARAMI suggested 4,500 men, it will be increased in the future if necessary. At around 11:05 a.m., in a reserved room of the Presidential Palace with the presence of the President, KARAMI, in his capacity as Minister of National Defence, spoke about the strategies that the anti-communist group will use in the mission, pointing to the map of Beirut. After a few hours, CHEHAB spent 40 minutes calling senior U.S., British and French government officials. The negotiations worked. In addition to military equipment, President CHEHAB guaranteed investments for his plan. |

| Following his decision to act against communism in Lebanon, CHEHAB made a trip to Tripoli, to meet with like-minded generals, who agreed to fund the anti-communist group as well. The President also took advantage of the trip to visit the local school and give a speech to some enthusiastic students, then he greeted the teachers and the director, Lebanese flags were everywhere. After his visit to Tripoli, he traveled to Beirut and spoke with Maronite Christian politicians. President CHEHAB was willing to fight the left group, even if it divided Lebanon ideologically: West v. East. The Parliament is well aware of such a plan, although some Muslim politicians are opposed to it, saying it would harm the stability of the country, but powerful politicians, generals and senior members of the Lebanese government and the President himself want to side with the West.|

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok

go away

Cascadla

Dogradoo wrote:OK WHERE IS PARAMOUNTICA I NEED TALK

You can either telegram him or join our server to dm him.

[list][pre]February 22nd, 1960 | Pearl Square in the Khartoum International Fair, Al Ma’arad Street, Green City, Khartoum Province, The Republic Of Sudan[/pre]

THE BIRTH OF A REPUBLIC, THE END OF BRITISH DOMAIN IN SUDAN[/list]

Started by a failed pro-Egyptian revolt in Khartoum in the summer of 1925, Sudan had been severed from its relations with Egypt to cement British interest in the country. It was in that separation that a belief would emerge from the idea that Sudan could become a nation for the Sudanese people. This idea had since then been built on by men like Abdallah Khalil, who had been named the father of the nation, Khalil had given his life’s purpose to Allah and his people, working with all that he to make Sudan work, uplifting the people from a mentality of second class citizens, eroded the idea of African and or Arab Inferiority to the Anglo Saxon and European colonizers, and in doing so he gave his countrymen their country. Uniting Sudan’s different religions, races, ethnicities, tribes, and colors under the white rhino was no easy task that he could accomplish on his own, he worked with those different regional leaders in creating a democratic system to ensure the voices of the people, and as well as a federal system that ensures the participation of Sudan’s many diverse regions in upholding its unity. Khalil was not alone in his vision, federalism in Sudan came in part from southern statesmen like Benjamin Lwoki and Buth Diu who envisioned self-autonomy and greater power to local governments, democracy was contributed by the work of Anglo and Euro Sudanese citizens, Nationalism and sacrifice for the country was brought into the national identity by men like Mahgoub and Azheri.

Khalil’s time as Governor-General had seemed like that of a ceremonial role, aimed at appeasing the local population, but the creation of the first colonial legislature equally split between Sudanese and British members had allowed him considerable influence over the legislature, which served as the first experiment of Sudanese sel-government, it is in this experiment that the colonial administration would coin the term Sudanization, the process of granting further power and societal roles to the native population to create an identity unique to Sudan and separate of its neighbors like Egypt and Ethiopia.

The process of Sudanization had picked up rapidly with the outbreak of the Second World War, which had ushered Sudan right into a battle amongst the hills and valleys of Eritrea, fighting side by side with the allied forces to liberate its eastern neighbor from the clutches of the Volkist ideology and the axis forces. During the occupation of Eritrea that followed, Sudan was filled with new patriotic fervor and a belief that Sudan had joined her imperial brothers in equal rank, and was rewarded with brand new military power and autonomy as a result of its loyalty and sacrifice for the Empire.

As the war ended by the late 40s, Sudan’s cities were becoming increasingly connected by the train system, the north and the south were now closer than ever before, a Parliament was established and democracy was ensured to the people, and all that’s left was Sudan’s fast sprint towards dominion day which would go towards the creation of an independent home rule government, ascending Sudan as a full member of the family of nations and had put the white rhino on an equal pedestal with the beaver, the kangaroo, the kiwi, and others.

However, upon Sudan’s independence as a dominion, it would face challenges both at home and abroad with the beginning of the Eritrean war, led by revolutionary fighters from the former allied occupied territories against the Ethiopian empire. Eritrea’s independence was vital to Sudan’s interests and its existence was therefore supported in secret by both the Khalil administration and the increasingly problematic far-right Nationalists gangs loyal to Mahgoub. Victory in Eritrea emboldened the Nationalists which caused them to repeat the same tactics in Sudan as they sought to free Sudan from the dominion of the British monarchy, although they failed, the anti-monarchist movement that followed their failed insurrection in El Daein had become a focal point of the 1958 elections which inaugurated the Republican Government of Ismail Azheri.

Nationwide demonstrations, popular referendums, a constitutional convention, and two years later, Sudan’s time as a dominion and its sovereignty belonging to Queen Elizabeth the Second of Great Britain had now cometn end. February 22nd, 1960 in Khartoum, The church bells tolled in consecutive rhythm, and the minarets of mosques throughout the city repeated the same words throughout the morning, “Allahu Ackbar, Allahu Ackbar, Allahu Ackbar, will Allah al hamed” giving to God the thanks for this day. The sounds of cheers and celebrations filled the streets, green yellow, and blue filled the public domain, some shops were closed for the day and some were open exclusively to sell more of the Republican flags, but of course, most of the city inhabitants were on the streets and public squares.

At Pearl Square, opened as part of the Khartoum International Fair Grounds, now proclaimed President Azheri and other members of Parliament and officials of government would attend a ceremony for the raising of the Republican flag up the largest flagpole in the city. Members of the Sudanese Defense Force adorned in red uniform march in a line carrying the folded flag. Four fighter jets of the Air Force flew overhead with black, green, yellow, and blue smoke trails left behind. The crowds were eccentric as the new flag was raised and fluttered in the winds, and people's cheers grew louder. President Azheri had shaken hands with the outgoing governor general Knox Helm, who announced his resignation and dissolution of the governor's office on Independence Day. Knox had passed on to Azheri a torch that signified to the country that Azheri was now Sudan’s single head of state and head of

government, and the people its only sovereign. As the raising of the flag ceremony was concluded, Azheri would deliver his first public address to the country from on top of a stage at the square, a speech filled with optimism and hope for the future.

[list]President Ismail Azheri :| “My dear people, our destiny is now in the making of our hands! Our nation has once and for all put the symbols of the past aside, and looked up to our future. Let us celebrate and let us remember that the struggle for our country did not come in the form of violent revolt and loss of life, but in the form of cooperating and brotherhood amongst ourselves and amongst the former imperial brotherhood. We fought for this country with sweat and tears and it’s only with hard work and sacrifice that our country will be preserved, and it takes you, all of you, Arabs, Africans, Europeans, Muslims, Jews, Christians, and others to take part in the building of our new found vision. We owe our lives to the commonwealth institutions that built our foundations, and now it’s time for the younger generations to take hold in the construction of our Sudanese Republic. May Allah give blessing upon our people, and may he have mercy on our martyrs that died in Darfur, in Eritrea, North Africa, and all those from days gone who have given us as much of an inch in our country’s existence. May he bless our children and their children and May he protect us in our determination and our service, protect our unity, our hopes and ambitions, and hold us steady in determination and love for our country. And by his will must our nation work towards being a state for all her people, that is the promise, my promise to the Republic, and it is, therefore, the promise to you the people! VICTORY VICTORY TO SUDAN!”[/list]

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1406472

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1368576

[list]GOD SAVE THE REPUBLIC!

AL-NASRU LENA!

AL-NASRU LE SUDAN![/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Bhaarat Lok, Slavissiche, Dogradoo, Lebanon Cedar

[list]March 1960

[sub]States Reorganization Act[/sub][/list]

[list][list][pre]राज्य पुनर्गठन अधिनियम पारित होने के चार साल बाद व्यापक कार्यान्वयन देखता है

THE STATES REORGANIZATION ACT SEES WIDESPREAD IMPLEMENTATION FOUR YEARS AFTER PASSAGE[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][sub]MARCH 1960 | मार्च 1960[/sub][/list]

[list] | [sub]The demand for the states of the Union to be organized on the basis of linguistics rather than largely arbitrary borders grew into prominence well before India received independence or even colonial autonomy from London. A linguistic movement was first started in 1895 in Odisha, and the movement gained momentum in later years when they demanded a separate Orissa Province, from the existing province of Bihar and Orissa. The goal was eventually achieved in 1936, and Orissa became the first Indian state pre-independence to be organized on the basis of common languages. The period after British independence in 1950 saw the rise of political movements that sought the creation of new states built on linguistic rather than arbitrary lines. A movement to create a Telugu-speaking state out of northern Madras state gathered strength, and in 1953 the state of Andhra was born. Small changes were made between 1950 and 1956, but otherwise, no significant momentum for larger-scale reform was initiated.[/sub] |

| [sub]In 1956, however, the Indian political world was making a move. Together with a swathe of INC politicians, B.R. Ambedkar's Republican Party and the Praja Socialist Party had signed on to a cross-party initiative to formalize the recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission into the new state and Union Territories boundaries of the Indian state. The Commission was established in 1948 to succeed the Dhar Commission. The Commission initially removed language from the list of factors in creating new boundaries, but political pressure led by Ambedkar and local groups who supported Potti Sreeramulu, an activist who demanded the formation of a Telugu-majority state before passing away in a hunger strike, resulted in the Commission renouncing their previous position. In 1953, they had been commissioned formally by the government of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to investigate boundaries for implementation within ten years. On the 30th of September, 1955, the Commission submitted their final report to the Indian Union Government in Delhi.[/sub] |

| [sub]In 1956, the Lok Sabha (the lower chamber of India's parliament) began debate on the legislation. The opposition, breaking with Ambedkar and the Republicans, introduced an amendment to abide by the Commission recommendation to unify Telangana of Hyderabad state with Andhra state, formed in 1953. Hyderabad's executive government, led by INC officials, decried the move, calling it "calculus by Communists for political gain". The amendment would eventually fail by party-line vote, but a gentleman's agreement between Telangana and Andhra was reached that allowed for the formation of a unified Andhra Pradesh province later in the year. Other issues, like the establishment of a Punjabi Suba province, merger of several provinces with Madras state, and the establishment of a separate Vidarbha State, all permeated society during the debates by the Lok Sabha. Eventually, with support from the INC, the Republicans, and some wings of the PSP and the CPI, the States Reorganization Act of 1956 was passed. The reorganized states will be as follows.[/sub] |

[list][sub]1. Andhra Pradesh (merger of Andhra with Telangana)

2. Assam

3. Bihar

4. Bombay State (enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra, Kutch, parts of Berar, Nagpur, and Marathwada)

5. Jammu and Kashmir

6. Kerala (merger of Travancore-Cochin with Malabar district and Kasaragod)

7. Madhya Pradesh (merger of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal State)

8. Madras State (Southern Travancore-Cochin-Kanyakumari and Sengottai Taluk added)

9. Mysore State (enlarged through addition of Coorg State, Kannada-speaking districts, southern Bombay Presidency, western Hyderabad state)

10. Orissa

11. Punjab (Patiala and East Punjab States Union added)

12. Rajasthan (enlarged by addition of Ajmer state, parts of Bombay and Madhya Bharat)

13. Uttar Pradesh

14. West Bengal (Purulia district added)[/sub][/list]

| [sub]According to the Act, the following would be converted into Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Manipur, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, and Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands.[/sub] |

| [sub]The Act was passed into law for implementation starting the first of November, 1956, but on the ground, the reorganization process would take time. Prime Minister Nehru quietly hailed the bill's passage as a step forward for Indian unity, but behind the scenes, the Congress and those to his right flank lamented the fact that certain divisions - the establishment of Andhra Pradesh particularly - would politically benefit the opposition, the Communists specifically. Nonetheless, implementation processes began alongside a renewed effort by the Union government to build up transportation infrastructure. New signages and stations for trains and buses were built with the new provincial and state boundaries in mind, and, by 1960, it would be reported that the conversion of state boundaries had been fully implemented. A complicated process, to be sure, but one that the opposition and moderates within the ruling Congress party celebrated alike.[/sub] |

| [sub]The concern among some, however, was how the new boundaries would affect the country's political landscape. The Indian National Congress remained the dominant political force, holding over 70% of the seats in the Lok Sabha, but in the most recent general election, the opposition had unified itself somewhat and gained ground against Nehru's government. With President and party leader Mahatma Gandhi shrinking away from public view due to clear health concerns, and a growing support for the opposition's policies, many within the INC were concerned about the possible effects on their party at the next polls, expected sometime between 1961 and 1962. Fracture within the Congress was also growing, as statesman and lawyer C. Rajagopalachari voiced his concerns about the "increasingly socialist and statist nature" of his party. He and his classical liberal supporters hinted at the possibility of a breakaway at the next election, which threatened to split the INC vote. Nonetheless, confidence remained as the INC remained firmly in control of practically all facets of power in Indian government.[/sub] | [/list]

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Paseo, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Lebanon Cedar

[list]March, 1960

[sub]King Faisal’s diplomatic trip to the United Kingdom and the United States.[/sub][/list]

[sub]King Faisal bin Abdulaziz announce at the beginning of March and he will be taking a trip to Great Britain and the United States for diplomatic purpose and to strengthen ties with them. Faisal hope that doing his trip to UK and US that he will secure their support of his kingdom and supplies military weaponry, military aircrafts, and naval ships. His Majesty will be first visiting Great Britain and then will visit the United States and will leave for this trip in the middle of March.[/sub]

[sub]May this trip bring good news and tiding to both King Faisal and Saudi Arabia.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Lebanon Cedar

[list]March 1960

[sub]1960 Presidential Election[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]Syngman Rhee Re-elected, Lee Ki-poong Elected[/sub][/list]

[sub]SEOUL, Rutannia — EARLY MARCH, EVENING[/sub]

| On the 15th March Koreans headed to the polls to elect their President and Vice-President, incumbent President Syngman Rhee was running for a fourth term in office, while his ally Lee Ki-poong was vying to unseat the opposition Vice-President, Chang Myon. Throughout the day there had been several small-scale protests and scuffles between supporters of the Liberal Party and those who supported the opposition alliance. As the early evening rolled around and the results of the Presidential election were announced region by region the nation settled into a quiet shock as the hope of the day quickly turned to anger. | [list]

[sub]Presidential Election[/sub][list]

[*][sub]RHEE SYNGMAN (Liberal Party) - 80.41%, 15,337,608[/sub]

[*][sub]KIM IL-SUNG (Worker’s Party) - 19.59%, 3,736,646[/sub][/list]

[sub]Vice-Presidential Election[/sub][list]

[*][sub]LEE KI-POONG (Liberal Party) - 79.19%, 15,104,902[/sub]

[*][sub]CHANG MYON (Democratic Party) - 17.51%, 3,339,900[/sub]

[*][sub]KIM JUN-YEON (Independent) - 3.30%, 629,452[/sub][/list][/list]

| The wide margin in which the opposition candidates had been beaten, especially considering it was widely predicted that Chang Myon would win re-election, instead he ended up losing with just 17.5% to Lee’s near 80% sparked immediate accusations from the Democratic Party. The story was much the same in the presidential election with Kim having his worst performance in an election since reunification, and results from the Workers Party’s strongholds somehow gave Rhee a narrow lead. It was immediately obvious that the election results had been manipulated by the government in order to secure re-election, immediately sparking protests in cities and towns across Korea. |

| In the city of Masan, where the Democratic Party headquarters are, a huge crowd of protesters had gathered outside the HQ in support of their candidate Chang Myon. The 5,000 strong crowd quickly found themselves outnumbered by the police, who had ordered a city wide black out and ordered the protesters to return to their homes. At 7:30pm when the protesters continued to disobey the orders, by which time the crowd had swelled to 15,000, the police began to open fire on the crowd in an attempt to disperse the crowd, who in return had begun throwing rocks at the police. Scattered protests continued across the country for the next week as Rhee and his government doubled down, ordering curfews across Korea’s major cities. |

| Protests in Seoul, Pyongyang, Gwangju and Busan were put down violently by the police and some sectors of the military in cases where the police were outnumbered. Thousands of protesters had been injured in the scuffles but no deaths have yet been reported, by either the government or the protesters, however a dozen people have been reported missing following the larger scale protests largely in Masan where the Democratic Party is strongest outside of Seoul. The protests have been disproportionately made up of university students and young adults who have become increasingly angry over their job prospects and the economy. |

[sub]GYEONGBOK PALACE, SEOUL, Rutannia — MID-MARCH, EVENING[/sub]

| As the protests began to fizzle out by the end of March, largely due to the sheer ferocity in which they were being put down by the police, the Changdeok Faction hosted one of their weekly meetings despite the increasing risks given the President's suspicions. This meeting was different though, political opposition figures had joined the meeting at the invitation of the Prince Imperial, including Chang Myon and Kim Il-sung. The room was lit only by the dim desk lights and occasional candle; the men gathered had lost their usual humour, for them Korea was on the brink of collapse. |[list]

[sub]Chang Myon: “So, this is what you’ve been doing all this time? Making arrangements for Rhee’s eventual downfall?”[/sub]

[sub]MG Park Chung-hee: “Yes, in quite a bit of detail too I might add.”[/sub]

[sub]Kim Il-sung: “Sat by while we fought against him everyday of our lives, you just here doing nothing?”[/sub][/list]

| The men around the table would purse their lips as if the reality of what they’d been doing began to sink in, their silence was disturbed by the Prince Imperial lighting a fresh cigarette, looking across the table at the dozen men gathered in his throne room. |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Nothing? Oh no, not nothing. Who do you think is preventing their men from being called up to fire upon protesters right now? Who do you think had Kim Chang-ryong killed-”[/sub]

[sub]BG Kim Tong-ha: “We did?”[/sub]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Well I personally did you a favour by killing him.”[/sub]

[sub]Chang Do-yong: “Hold on a second, did you kill your brother too? When you disappeared into the night on that trip to Tokyo?”[/sub]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “We are, uh, we are getting off topic here. My point is we have carried out a number of activities to satisfy certain sectors of society. Ousting Rhee too early could have massively backfired, right this instant is not the time either.”[/sub]

[sub]Chang Myon: “Then when is the right time? People are on the streets demanding Rhee stand down, it seems like the right time to me.”[/sub]

[sub]Lt. Col. Kim Jong-pil: “When the people fill the streets with ferocity and anger en masse once again, we will be there.”[/sub][/list]

| The meeting stretched on into the early hours of the morning, Korea a divided and shattered nation once again. Despite the corrupted situation they found themselves in, the Changdeok Faction found itself once again waiting for the trigger of mass and violent outrage in order to time their intervention which now seemed inevitable. Despite the initial reservations of the senior politicians the random events of the last half a decade all seemed to line up pointing towards the Changdeok Faction having undermined Rhee since his re-election in 1956. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Ranponian, Saudi Arabiyah, Vancouver Straits, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Lebanon Cedar

1st 5 Year Plan Part 1: Land Reform

1960-1965

As the first 5 year plan began and Mali attempted to begin modernizing, the issue of land reform came up. When it came to deciding how to pursue land reform the Economic Planning Committee was split on how far to go.

While the EPC had been deliberately stacked with people aligned with Mamadou Dia there were still deep divisions between the left and right. These divides were much less pronounced than in the African Regroupment Party, but they would still continue to plague the Committee.

The more left leaning members of the Committee called for total land reform. This called for the reappropriating of white colonial owned land, and its redistribution to tenant farmers, and cooperatives. This idea would solve many of the immediate calls for land reform, and rally the populace toward the new government. On the downside, it was unlikely the new farmers would have the necessary skills and access to capital to run the new farm. Such a significant drop in productivity would disrupt the already fragile economy.

From the right were those who called for free enterprise over land reform. They argued that the failures of the past had not been about power imbalances, instead a lack of native African access to credit and capital. Instead, the more right-leaning members saw attacking white farmers as needlessly discriminatory and overall hurtful to the free market. The free enterprise plan would cause an immediate backlash especially among those harmed by the most abusive of landlords and farmers. It would also reinforce the old colonial order and ensure their dominance would continue.

Mamadou Dia heard the proposals of both sides and create what he called “strategic land reform”. This would combine elements of both sides and as always, straddle the center. The Economic Planning Committee would draft the plan and send it over to the government which would pass and sign the bill into law, much to the grumbling of the absolutists within the party.

Land Reform Act of 1960:

•The reclamation of land, from those Europeans who have left following decolonization.

•Survey of the best land for agriculture. This land will be the site of constructed Central Villages

•Raising taxes on unused farmland.

•Creation of the state-owned Agricultural Bank of Mali, to offer low to no interest loans to farmers for vehicles, supplies, and land in the new central villages.

Paramountica, Rutannia, Paseo, Amsterwald, Cascadla, Ranponian, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Newderland, Brazil Toucan, Lebanon Cedar

Post by Orion Aria suppressed by Paramountica.

Orion Aria

Dogradoo wrote:OK WHERE IS PARAMOUNTICA I NEED TALK

Governes wrote:hi am governes am a part of the varnsese empire https://www.nationstates.net/nation=varnese

Te Marama wrote:go away

Saudi Arabiyah wrote:You can either telegram him or join our server to dm him.

It has been a long time since somebody spoke something other than news.

[list]April 1960

[sub]The Spring of Discontent[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]The Body of Kim Ju-yul[/sub][/list]

[sub]MASAN, Rutannia — MORNING[/sub]

| On the morning of April 11th fisherman in the harbour of Masan who were preparing for their day of fishing saw something washed up on the steps of the sea wall, upon their investigation they discovered the body of a teenager immediately reporting it to the authorities. Authorities were on the scene to recover the body within twenty minutes, however before that a crowd had gathered trying to work out for themselves what had happened. A local high school student recognised the body, claiming it belonged to Kim Ju-yul who had gone missing on March 15th during the initial Masan protests. The outrage that had begun to fade, was sparked once again as police took the body to a local hospital to find the cause of death, releasing a short statement claiming that Kim had died by drowning. A large crowd had gathered outside the hospital protesting against the police, none believing the statement that was released. |

| The protesters began to push forward, forcibly entering the hospital building, pushing the guarding officers to the ground. A large contingent of protesters along with independent press members made their way to the morgue where Kim’s body was being kept, in order to find the truth. Inspections of the body by the protesters discovered that Kim in fact had not died by drowning, but instead they found that Kim's skull had actually been split by a 20 centimetre-long tear-gas grenade, which had penetrated from his eyes to the back of his head. This indicated that the police had shot the tear gas in an almost horizontal position towards Kim when he died. Pictures of Kim when his body was first found and his cause of death began to circulate around the press circuit, despite Rhee’s continued attempt to repress the free press, the article and pictures eventually landed on the desk of the Associated Press to be sent out globally. |

| The news quickly spread throughout the city of Masan and by evening an estimated 40,000 people had gathered on the streets demanding that President Rhee stand down from office, the violent clashes with the police in continued in certain areas of the city, but many officers found themselves completely outnumbered by the enraged mob. The protests were largely made up of highschool and university students, many of whom had attended school with Kim Ju-yul who had almost become the face of this new wave of violence. |

| Protests spread like wildfire around the country as the story of Kim Ju-yul was spread around the nation. In Seoul on April 18th students from the University of Korea began to stage a non-violent walkout. The walkout quickly spread around many of the other highschools and universities across the capital, despite the non-violent intentions of the protesters, they were quickly beaten back by gangs of Rhee supporters who punch and beat the students in order to force them to return to their campuses. On the following day despite preceding events a 100,000 strong crowd of highschoolers, students and professors marched onto the streets heading along Hyoja-ro and Samcheong-ro Road which encircled the Gyeongbokgung Palace estate, both the roads led directly to the Blue House the residence of President Rhee. Police defending the estate on which the Blue House sat, began to open fire on protesters who had rounded the corners towards the main gate of the estate. The protesters quickly scattered as people began to drop to the floor as the police continued their fire, by the end of the day an estimated one-hundred and eighty protesters had been killed and thousands of them injured. |

| Following the attempted march on the Blue House, President Rhee officially declared martial law in all eight grand regions of Korea. Believing he could restore order swiftly, Rhee returned to the Blue House, and news stories blaming communists for the protests began to circulate throughout the press loyal to Rhee. Meanwhile just south of the Blue House, where the roads were stained red with the blood of protesters was the residence of Prince Haneul, as he watched protesters flee the scene with gunfire echoing across the city he walked over to his telephone quickly dialling in a number. |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Yes. Tomorrow.”[/sub][/list]

| Before the conversation could continue any further the Prince placed the phone back on its holder, disconnecting the call, and walking into the gardens where several jeeps had gathered along with a couple of hundred troops. The blossoming gardens had provided a perfect cover for the troops stationed in his gardens, looking to the troops some of whom had spotted him, he simply nodded before heading back inside again. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Pontianus, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche, Newauroria, Lebanon Cedar

[list][list]APRIL 1960

[sub]Inauguration of Brasília[/sub][/list]

[pre]O R D E M E P R O G R E S S O[/pre]

BRASÍLIA — FROM UTOPIA TO CAPITAL

[sub]BRASÍLIA, FEDERAL DISTRICT, Brazil Toucan — MORNINGTIME[/sub]

| One every 30 minutes, 2,333 trucks left Rio de Janeiro towards the interior of Brazil. In Brazil’s central plateau, planes landed at Brasilia Airport every two minutes with Tempelhof-like precision. In front of 200,000 people, Brazil’s head of state JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK will inaugurate Brasília, his $500 million capital. Brasília is a city that has transformed itself from an inhospitable place into a metropolis. The millionaire cost that KUBITSCHEK had with the capital destroyed the country’s entire economy. Forty-five million cubic meters of red earth were removed by a $50 million army of machines. The final price will exceed Brazil’s annual budget. During U.S. President DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER’s visit to Brazil in February, he was reminded of when the United States had its capital transferred from Philadelphia to Washington D.C. But on the move to Washington in 1800, only 126 bureaucrats made the journey by carriage and horse, while state papers went by ship. Brasília will initially have 120,000 citizens and 500,000 within ten years. |

[list]| JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, [sub]President of the Republic[/sub] | “We turned our backs on the coast and entered the heart of Brazil. Now the Brazilian people realize their strength.”[/list]

| In June 1958, KUBITSCHEK enjoyed the day at his Palácio da Alvorada (called “NIEMEYER’s cardiogram” because of its concrete pillars). Novacap President ISRAEL PINHEIRO placed plaques marking the completion date on all buildings; ministries rose in 45, 36, even 28 days. More than 5,000 miles of road, mostly in a straight line, stretched to São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza and Belém. COSTA’s cross on the map became a skyline. In the monumental axis, all the main government buildings are ready. A six-lane, limited-access boulevard has already been paved and 3,455 apartments are ready. The water level in the artificial lake has risen and has already flooded hundreds of workers’ shacks. Cemeteries will be built at each end of the residential zone. But Brasília is still nothing more than a construction site, with 600,000 newly transplanted trees and a few patches of grass. Brasília has only one 180-room hotel, which most often hosts 500 guests and feeds 1,000 at each meal. Kubitschek’s modern and luxurious $4,000,000 Palace of the Dawn has been called “the most beautiful summer home in the world,” implying that Brazil will have two capitals. |

[list]| JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, [sub]President of the Republic[/sub] | “When I look at Brasilia, it comes to mind that all the work that was done was worth it.”[/list]

| In the coming years, the government will certainly be split in two. Embassy Row is a row of cornerstones and pilings on the allotted sites, leading KUBITSCHEK to “invite all ambassadors to Brasília for dinner once a week until they tire of coming all the way from Rio” (a 2½-hour plane trip). But the first 3,000 angry bureaucrats, who moved to Brasília, knew they were there to stay. Both Candidate SARAH and her rival, ex-São Paulo Governor PRESTES MAIA, promise to continue on the Brasília job. After Kubitschek transferred the seat of government to Brasília, Rio de Janeiro became the capital of a new state called Guanabara. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Ma-Li, Slavissiche, Newauroria, Lebanon Cedar

Post self-deleted by Finno Karelia.

[list]April 1960

[sub]The April Revolution[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]The Changdeok Faction Takes Action[/sub][/list]

[sub]SEOUL, Rutannia — MORNING[/sub]

| Across Korea cities have been placed under martial law, none more strict than the one currently affecting Seoul. Checkpoints have been established at every major junction in the city, and were particularly heavily guarded leading up to the National Assembly and the Blue House. Lt Col. Kim Jong-pil had been stationed at the checkpoint at the north end of the Hangang Bridge; BG Kim Tong-ha was stationed at the army headquarters directly south of Gyeongbok Palace; while MG Park Chung-hee had been stationed at the northside of the crossroads that led up to Gwanghwamun, the main gate of Gyeongbok Palace. |

| It was a crisp and quiet morning, the night too had been eerily quiet, an unsettled atmosphere had descended over the city when martial law had been declared. At around 8:00 am people had slowly begun their work days, although it had been noted among those guarding the checkpoint there was a significant drop in the number of people attending work. For the members of the Changdeok Faction this could only be perceived as a good thing. Meanwhile directly north of where Kim Tong-ha had been stationed Prince Imperial Haneul and Army Chief of Staff Chang Do-yong had been preparing the troops in the ground of Gyeongbok Palace, largely consisting of the Princes’ Naegeumwi who had been armed with M1 Garands instead of their traditional weaponry, the two men stood together observing their troops. Chang was dressed in his military uniform, and a pair of sunglasses rested on the brim of his hat as he spoke to the prince; who himself had ditched his traditional clothing opting to wear his officers coat he’d donned in the rebellion against his brother back in the 1940s. |[list]

[sub]Chang Do-young: “Everything we prepared for, now is the time to see if we can truly pull this off.[/sub]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Indeed, I just hope we can bring people on board, including the rest of the military.[/sub]

[sub]Chang Do-yong: “The officers you’ve managed to amass, I can't see it failing now.”[/sub]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “I’d like to be so confident, if it does go horribly wrong-”[/sub][/list]

| Chang Do-yong was about to protest but as he went to speak the Prince held up his hand gesturing that he hadn’t finished his point |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “- I just want to say it’s been a pleasure working with you for the last five years.[/sub][/list]

| Chang would return a smile to the Prince as the two men nodded to one another walking down to the five jeeps that were ready and waiting to exit out of the main gate. Meanwhile across the city Kim Jong-pil had spotted protesters approaching his checkpoint, he couldn’t be too sure how many were in the column of protesters, he’d estimate probably somewhere near 5,000 maybe more. His troops looked to him nervously as some began to point their weapons at the protesters, who were chanting democracy slogans and holding up anti-Rhee banners. Gesturing to the men, they lowered their weapons in confusion as others who had been in loop clambered into the two jeeps located at the checkpoint. |[list]

[sub]Lt. Col. Kim: “Lower your weapons men, abandon the checkpoint, and fall in on the protesters. Today President Rhee falls.”[/sub][/list]

| As the protesters reached the check point the troops unquestioningly fell in line acting like an armed escort for the protesters who reacted with a loud cheer realising what was happening. The two jeeps drove up a head to the southern check point on the bridge to seize control of it, the troops stationed there once again fell in line with the protesters as they marched towards the National Assembly. |

| At the army headquarters BG Kim Tong-ha was observing protesters gathered outside the building, the large gathering was made up mostly of students and their teachers along with some veterans of the Korean army. He was jolted from his trance-like state as a radio call came in from Kim Jong-pil informing him that he’d fallen in line with the protesters, acknowledging the call he’d quickly return his attention to the protesters. Nodding to his troops, they’d spring into action encircling other troops not currently under Kim's command telling them to lower their weapons. |[list]

[sub]BG Kim Tong-ha: “Under the authorisation of Major General Park Chung-hee; Chang Do-yong; and Prince Imperial Haneul I am taking control of this building along with the protesters, you can either fall in line or surrender. The choice is yours to make.”[/sub][/list]

| The protesters watched on in confusion, not entirely sure what was going on, having just seen one group of soldiers surround another, some of the surrounded soliders simply dropped their weapons raising their hands in the air, others chose to point their weapons to the ground and simply join under Kim's command. Rallying the protesters Kim would gesture for them to begin walking towards the main entrance following his troops. The hesitant protesters stayed put for a moment believing it to be a trap, sensing the hesitation Kim would turn with a smile. |[list]

[sub]BG Kim Tong-ha: “I’m under strict orders from Prince Haneul and the Army Chief to seize this building, working together military and civilians we can oust President Rhee and make Korea the nation it can be. Manse!”[/sub][/list]

| Upon hearing the chant of Manse, the protesters began to spill past the checkpoint marching with Kim Tong-ha and his troops to seize the headquarters. Many of the workers in the building had been unaware of the planned coup, but the few that did overpowered the police stationed in the building in order to ensure an easy entrance for the protesters. Just before he entered Kim would take a flare gun out of his jacket aiming it at a roughly 80 degree angle towards the palace grounds he’d pull the trigger. |

| Park Chung-hee had been chatting with his troops, who were aware of what was happening, they were disturbed from their chatting as Kim’s flare exploded and a bright cloud of orange smoke was visible just above them. Looking around as they looked to the approaching protesters from the south and the east, Park gave a simple nod to his men as they raised the checkpoint barriers to allow the protesters to simply pass through. The protesters almost seemed to surge forward upon the realisation they were being let through, the protesters let out a loud cheer as Park and his troops hopped into their jeeps to escort the protesters on their way to the Blue House. As the protesters approached the gates of Gyeongbok Palace, several jeeps would exit the palace grounds, standing on the back of one of the jeeps was Prince Haneul dressed in his well known officers coat, waving to protesters he’d give the order for the groups to split and take both roads up to the Blue House. |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “Today the Korean military, and I stand by your side to remove President Rhee and his regime from office. Today Korea shall once again be reborn as a stable nation, today is the start of a new Korea!”[/sub][/list]

| The crowd would erupt in cheers once more, seeing the military and royal family stand with them, gave them the confidence to believe that change may be about to finally happen. On the approach to Rhee’s residence thousands more poured into the column from the side streets, the press estimated that roughly half a million people had flooded onto the streets across Seoul protesting President Rhee’s regime. Across the country other cities had seen masses of people flood onto the street in protest as other military units either stood aside or marched with the protesters, seizing town halls and regional government buildings. The severely outnumbered guards on the Blue House checkpoint quickly surrendered to the protesters and Coup forces, just as they began to enter the grounds of the Blue House a helicopter flew up from behind the trees, with many believing that President Rhee was on board, they surged towards the Blue House. |

| At lunchtime all of the key government buildings had been seized by the protesters and the members of the Changdeok Faction, as late afternoon approached it was announced that Prince Haneul would address the gathered crowds as well as the press that had gathered. Flanked by the members of the Changdeok Faction as well as opposition political figures like Chang Myon and Kim Il-sung the Prince would step up to the stand to the cheers of thousands, many had been celebrating in the streets, while some had simply returned home believing their job to be finished. |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “I have just spoken to Rhee Syngman who has confirmed his resignation as President of Korea as well as Vice-President Lee Ki-poong and his family-[/sub][/list]

| His speech would be interrupted by the large crowd as people began to clap and cheer once more waving their banners with enthusiasm. |[list]

[sub]Prince Haneul: “. . .I can also confirm the Minister of the Interior and Chief of Security have also resigned from their positions. This has left Korea without an effective government, so we have agreed to establish the Council for National Reconstruction in order to rebuild Korea from the bottom up. Elections will not immediately take place until we have removed all known Rhee supporters from the government and established a constitution that reflects the Korea we all desire. We intend to transition back to civilian rule as quickly as possible. You, the people of this nation, want to be involved in rebuilding Korea, and as much as we will see that happen, the council will hear from the people what they want to see the new Korea to look like.”[/sub][/list]

| The Princes' speech continued on for another twenty minutes confirming how the Council would made up, and how the people could help guide the council, as he finished up his speech the figures that flanked him began to applaud, and the crowd erupted into cheers that quickly became a unified chant of ‘Manse’, the Prince would bow humbly to the crowd of hundreds of thousands before returning to the Palace. The Council had a long few years ahead of it, trying to unify a country that has been through many changes in the last century would be a long and difficult task, but Prince Haneul and the Changdeok Faction had planted the seed of restoring the monarchy as the chant of Manse had become the unifying factor like it had during the March 1st Movement following the suspicious death of former Emperor Gojong. |

[spoiler=[sub]Written for the RMB Screen of the[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Paseo, Amsterwald, Pontianus, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Saudi Arabiyah, Metropolitan Francais, New Provenance, Brazil Toucan, Ma-Li, Slavissiche, Newauroria, Lebanon Cedar

[list]March 20, 1960

[sub]King Faisal arrived at the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.[/sub][/list]

[sub]On March 20, 196, King Faisal bin Abdulaziz has landed in London, the capital of Great Britain Gb where he will begin his diplomatic mission. As he was walking down from the plane he was greeted by both Muslim and non-Muslim British who came to see the ruler of a great kingdom in the east and the guardian of the two holiest cities in the Islamic world. Faisal enters into the limousine and was escorted by black cars driven by British secret service to the PM residence. Once he arrived, King Faisal was greeted with a warm welcome by UK Prime Minister Harold Macmillan who took the king to his audience room in his estate. Now Faisal is finally ready to talk to PM Harold Macmillan where he hope to not only convince him to have the UK support his kingdom and supplies them with military weaponry, military aircrafts, and naval ships.[/sub]

[sub]Now it is time to see if this meeting will turnout fruitful or futile.[/sub]

[spoiler=[sub]"There is no power and no strength save in God.”

— Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Founder of the Third Saudi State[/sub]

COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY

—]

Ababemba

Adriatican Islands

Al-Morocco

Al-Oman

Amsterwald

Arcanda

Bescania

Brazil Toucan

Canovia

Cascadla

Connomia

East Germany Ddr

Great Britain Gb

Greater Kurdistane

Hashemite Kingdoms

Hatzburg

Israelli

Kewtpuff

Kotakuan Ii

Ma-Li

Maziya

Metropolitan Francais

Nevbrejnovitz

New Provenance

Nileia

Nippon-Nihon

Nosautempopulus

Osivoii

Paramountica

Paseo

Peking Zhongguo

Pontianus

Provenancia

Ranponian

Rutannia

Saudi Arabiyah

Socialist Democratic Republic Romania

Spainard

Sri-Lanka

Sudesam

Teymour

The Sun States

Turkiye 1St

Ubertica

Vancouver Straits

Victoria Harbor

Vietnam Sv

Virnall

[/spoiler]

Paramountica, Rutannia, Amsterwald, Socialist Democratic Republic Romania, Cascadla, Metropolitan Francais, Brazil Toucan, Slavissiche, Newauroria, Germmmany, Lebanon Cedar

Assembled with Dot's Region Saver.
Written by Refuge Isle.