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[list][sub]The New York Times[/sub][/list]

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SPUTNIK-1 LAUNCH CAUSES MEDIA FRENZY IN THE UNITED STATES; THE RACE TO THE COSMOS HAS BEGUN

[sup]District of Columbia | The United States of America[/sup]

[list][sup]October 1957[/sup][/list]

[sub]WASHINGTON - Just hours after the Sputnik-1 artificial spacecraft launched by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States was thrown into a ‘fear-frenzy’ due to the national security threat it may pose. With the heightened tensions of the Cold War, the US has been keeping a close eye on the launch of Sputnik-1. However, several government officials, including President Eisenhower, have said the launch is more of a scientific achievement and not a military threat or change in world power. President Eisenhower also stated that Sputnik's weight "was not commensurate with anything of great military significance, and that was also a factor in putting it in [proper] perspective." Eisenhower said in a statement to the Press. [/sub]

[sub]The launch of Sputnik-1 has completely destroyed the idea of the USSR being a technologically-backwards nation and thus it was a major global propaganda and prestige triumph for Russian communism. Many are saying the United States is becoming a second-rate power and fears of communist and international superpower with no opposing force is beginning to influence the public. There is good news, however, Congress has announced it will begin funding more research into taking action on improving the US standing in the fields of science. Plans are already being discussed on a possible national agency dedicated to the field of scientific research into space exploration.[/sub]

[sub]President Eisenhower has stated that no military actions will take place as a retaliatory measure against the USSR for the launch of Sputnik-1 and has reassured the American public that the United States will continue to secure its airspace and national integrity from any foreign nation by any means necessary and that the US will make its gains in the race to the cosmos. Meanwhile, with the successful launch of the Soviet spacecraft, President Eisenhower has ordered project Vanguard to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned with the United States planning on launching its own satellite into space possibly in early December. [/sub]

Arcanda, Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

Post self-deleted by Kiger.

[list]SEPTEMBER 1955

GENEVA, U.N HEADQUARTERS — EUROPE[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

NEW AMBASSADOR TO THE UN CALLS FOR ADHOC SECURITY COUCIL MEETING[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"Honourable delegates and most esteemed Chair. As a collective body we have ratified numerous treaties and agreements stating our commitment to work on the service of peace, human dignity and friendship. The United Arab Republic is determined to remain committed to those principles and will lead by example for the entire international community. However, we are disturbed and saddened greatly at how war and suffering still impact the lives of many. We demand that more be done on behalf of international institutions to halt these wretched acts and protect the rights of all people. Indeed, the millions of refugees, spread in all four corners of the world, clamour for us to act and stand for what is right and what is moral. Poverty, neglect and disease have hijacked the lives of these millions of innocent civilians. They are subject to the most terrible of crimes, as there remains no true legal body to persecute the most malicious in the world. It is even more shameful that we have failed to act and inspire any hope, all the worldÂ’s governments stay silent when blood is shed and mercy denied! My faithful predecessor, Abbas Sohliyeh, spoke of the need for us to break this silence. It has been months since and yet nothing meaningful has emerged. How many more delegates will need to end their term, how many more people must be sacrificed, in order for a single word to be said? All of us must refuse the leisure of waiting and act decisively. On this day we have the noble duty of creating an institution, capable of enforcing the principles of humanitarianism and civilization that we all have devoted ourselves to. The aim of such an institution is to lead the way for justice, to let us hear the suffering which we have turned our backs on! Where all those needy, those who have nothing, those who have lost their homes and their family ones to numerous tragic atrocities, can testify before us and push us into action."[/sub]

- BUTROUS BUTROUS GHALI[/list]

[/list]

[list][pre]1955 RESOLUTION ON LEGAL JUSTICE FOR REFUGEES[/pre][/list]

[list][list][pre]The Security Council,

SPONSORS: United Arab Republic[/pre]

[sub][pre]Recalling that a Refugee is a person who "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country" according to the 1951 Geneva Conventions on the Status of Refugees.[/pre][/sub]

[sub][pre]Demanding the creation of an internationally binding legal body, specialized in enforcing the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) in the context of Refugee rights. As well as penalizing violators of such rights.[/pre][/sub]

[sub][pre]Reminding the United Nations of its obligation to uphold the rule of law, human rights and the dignity of all peoples.[/pre][/sub]

[sub][pre]Resolved to remain actively seized on the matter.[/pre][/sub]

[sub][pre]1.[/pre] [pre]Decides hereby to establish an international tribunal for the purpose of prosecuting persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the context of Refugees. [/pre][/sub] [/list][/list]

[list][list][list][sub][pre]a.[/pre] [pre]Decides that this court shall be activated per the request of a United Nations member state in addition to the legitimate approval from the UN Economic and Social Committee alongside UNICEF. [/pre][/sub] [/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]2.[/pre] [pre]Decides that all members of the United Nations shall cooperate fully with the International Tribunal and its organs in accordance with the present resolution and that consequently all States shall take any voluntary measures necessary (financial assistance, material assistance, the providing of archived information with relation to the legal hearing and respecting the verdict of such a tribunal, etc).[/pre][/sub]

[sub][pre]3.[/pre] [pre]Decides to model this institution on the legal precedents collected from the Nuremberg Trials and other previous international tribunals relevant to the implementation of humanitarian principles and the law.[/pre][/sub]

[sub][pre]4.[/pre] [pre]Decides that the determination of the seat of the International Tribunal is subject to the conclusion of appropriate arrangements between the United Nations and the sponsor(s) of this Resolution, acceptable to the Security Council, and that the International Tribunal may sit elsewhere when it considers it necessary for the efficient exercise of its functions; [/pre][/sub] [/list][/list]

[list][list][list][sub][pre]a.[/pre] [pre]Decides that if the Security Council cannot agree on such a framework, that the matter will be passed to the General Assembly. If the General Assembly also fails to agree on such a framework, the matter will be passed onto the UN Economic and Social Committee and UNICEF[/pre][/sub] [/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]5.[/pre] [pre]Decides also that the work of the International Tribunal shall be carried out without prejudice to the right of the victims to seek, through appropriate means, compensation for damages incurred as a result of violations of international humanitarian law, and the due punishment, as mandated by a Security Council resolution produced from the recommendations of this court, of the violating parties;[/pre][/sub] [/list][/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]6.[/pre] [pre]Requests the Secretary-General to implement urgently the present resolution and in particular to make practical arrangements for the effective functioning of the International Tribunal at the earliest time and to report periodically to the Security Council;[/pre][/sub] [/list][/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]7.[/pre] [pre]Decides that members of the United Nations shall support the legitimacy of the court and the legal process used to attain its verdict as outlined in clause(s) 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this resolution.[/pre][/sub] [/list][/list]

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Americaa, Czabalkia, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Gaia Major

[list][sup]OCTOBER 15TH 1957[/sup]

THE SOFT PURGE.[/list]

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[sup]THE EASTERN BLOC[/sup]

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| The leadership of the East Bloc states were unacceptable to many in the USSR. It was mostly lead by either decrepit old men from the Stalin Era, or new reformers that try to either change too much or establish connections to the West. Hand picked leaders would have to be selected and installed, and the Communist Parties of the bloc states purged of factionalists that would continue the problematic policies of their predecessors. The KGB would be invaluable in such an operation, as they have attaché offices in the state security apparatus of every Bloc state. They would arrest, fire, demote and send away thousands in what would be called Mikoyan's Soft Purge. The main figures in charge of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Romana etc would be openly executed by the KGB for various charges. Done as a message to any reformers not arrested or demoted by the KGB. Betray the Union and the Party line and Beware. |

| Poland would form the first target of the "Soft Purge". Władysław Gomułka had recently taken control of Poland after the Polish Communist Party had interpreted the Union's new stance on Stalinism as being anti-Stalin and Pro-reform. It is not. The Union was against the extreme measures Stalin took, but the overall system was efficient and if it got us through the Great Patriotic War it can get us through anything. The KGB in Warsaw will be sent to seize Gomułka and all politicians associated with his faction. His government ministers would be simply arrested and demoted, same with other politicans that support him in the Polish Communist Party, however Gomułka himself would be executed publicly. The KGB would release a public statement saying "Gomułka is to be arrested on charges of Reactionary Bourgeoisie Actions, Abandoning the Workers Struggle in favor of National Superiority, and conspiring with Western Liberals and Hitlerite Fascists to break Poland away from the Eastern bloc. We the representatives of the Leader of the Socialist World find Gomułka guilty and sentence him to be publicly shot. Any attempts to justify Władysław Gomułka's traitor actions is a capital offense and you shall be met with the same fate as all traitors to the Workers Struggle.". Wojciech Jaruzelski would be elevated to the position of First Secretary by order of the USSR. He is a known harsh and pragmatic man. A good option after Poland's brief flirt with reformism. Pragmatism will form the backbone of Mikoyan's policy on the Eastern Bloc. |

| Next would come Czechoslovakia. Lead by Stalinist Antonín Novotný known for his brutal repression of opponents and hardline stance on Communism. The Union needs a more pragmatic man in charge of Czechoslovakia who can guide it away from the rule of silver tongued reformist liars, but isn't prone to removing and killing people who might otherwise be useful. First Secretary Novotný will be demoted and kicked out of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, as will other members of his faction within the party by the KGB under Moscow's orders. The KGB will make another satement on the situation: "First Secretary Novotný is hereby charged with reactionary anti-socialist actions, abandoning the ideals of Communism in favor of fostering a Cult of Personality and using brutal repression to keep it in place. We the representatives of the Leader of the Socialist World find Novotný and his faction guilty and sentence them with expulsion from the Czechoslovak Communist Party and permanent expulsion from politics." Taking his place would be Gustáv Husák, another pragmatist who will prove to be very submissive and dependent to Moscow, very useful for running a satellite state. Up next would be Romania, lead by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. Romania is in the opposite predicament that Poland was in. Whereas the Polish assumed that they were allowed to be reformist now that the USSR was admitting Stalin was capable of faults, the Romanians were cracking down on their stalinist tendencies, and creating a semi-autonomous economic and foreign policy. Even attempting to grow relations with the west. This would not do at all. The KGB would be tasked with removing Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej from power and executing him and only him. Gheorghiu-Dej's faction is only to be demoted, fired and removed from politics. In the end Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej would be executed in public, and the KGB would make a public statement on what has occured "Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej is charged with being a Capitalist Roader Impostor, Abandoning the Workers Struggle in favor of National Superiority, conspiring with the West to enslave Romania to Hitlerite American Interests. We the representatives of the Leader of the Socialist World find Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej guilty and sentence him to be publicly shot. Any attempts to justify Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's traitor actions is a capital offense and you shall be met with the same fate as all traitors to the Workers Struggle.". He will be replaced by Ilie Verdeț, an economics focused man. Very useful for enforcing central-planning and technocracy. He will be strong-armed into giving up Romanian claims on Moldova, and will be forced to abandon Romanian ties to the west. If he refuses many bad things will happen to him. Luckily he values his life and the life of his family. |

| Next to be forced into an early grave is Enver Hoxha, the First Secretary of Albania. He is well known for raising the literacy rate of Albania from 5% to 98%, and for electrifying the country, but is equally known for his brutal stalinist-esque repression which included the establishment and use of forced labor camps, extrajudicial killings and executions that targeted and eliminated dissidents, a large number of which were carried out by the Sigurimi secret police. Hoxha is also known for extremely paranoid and intent on building bunkers across the entire country, and will likely bankrupt albania with his antics. Relations between the USSR and Albania have also been rapidly decreasing as time has gone on, because of the USSR's stance on Stalinism, interpreting the admission of Stalin's faults as a break with stalinism as a whole. This will be his downfall. As in Poland and Romania, the leadership of Albania needs to be removed and its leader made an example of. The KGB will order his arrest and the demotion of loyal Hoxhaists across the country. In the end Enver Hoxha will be executed on charges of "reactionary paranoid repression of loyal socialists, and abandoning the worker's struggle over petty disagreements, threatening to cause a schism in the socialist world.". He would be replaced by Ramiz Alia, a supposedly moderate reformer. The KGB will keep a short leash on him to make sure he doesn't threaten communist rule in Albania. Compared to the other options he is good enough. In Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov was in charge, and was extremely loyal to the Soviet Union. However he still held desires to expand ties with the West, similarly to Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. The KGB would deliver a letter signed by General Secretary Mikoyan himself. The said letter was long and held threatening undertones, with Mikoyan stating that "The Union knows of your attempts to establish extensive ties with the west. If you do not want to see a repeat of the unfortunate events that occured in Romania you will stop all these attempts at once." A similar letter would be sent to Walter Ulbricht. Stating that Erich Honecker was to succeed him and any attempts to change this decision by the Union would be "most unfortunate indeed.". |

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| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

___

Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][list]FRANCE AIMS TO PRIORITIZE ROCKET DEVELOPMENT

7 October 1957 - Paris, French Republic, French Union[/list][/list]

| The launch of Sputnik 1 into orbit around the Earth by the Soviet Union has ignited an intense fear and anxiety among the leaders and citizens of Western Europe and North America. Despite U.S. President Eisenhower's claims that the Sputnik's launch does not amount to a large military gain by the Soviet Union, French leadership has privately acknowledged that the Sputnik 1's launch has signaled to the West at large that the Soviet Union is rapidly beginning to amp up its long-range rocketry abilities, potentially allowing the Soviet Union to deliver conventional and nuclear weapons throughout Europe and America without any fear of impediment by air defense systems. As Sputnik 1 orbits above, the French government begins to launch a multi-faceted response. |

[list]'France is the home of the Enlightenment, of great scientists and scientific achievements. We will continue to aim to mobilize the full potential of our nation in the pursuit of further scientific achievements and establish France as a predominant home of scientific research.'

[list]- President Charles de Gaulle, 5 October 1957[/list][/list]

| France possesses the third oldest space program in the world, behind only the Soviet Union and the United States, and had in recent years achieved large feats in the field of rocketry with the development and successful launching of the Véronique series in Algeria and consolidation of France's extraterrestrial research under de Gaulle's Comité d'études spatiales had done much to keep France competitive in various sectors, but the launch of Sputnik 1 underlined a severe gap between the capabilities of the French Union and the Soviet Union. Despite possessing a significantly smaller population and national GDP when compared to the Soviet Union($510 billion compared to $100 billion), the French Union has and continues to maintain, along with the West as a whole, a significant advantage over the East in terms of intellectual capital. Therefore, in collaboration with the United States, United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany, and other global partners, France has begun motioning its intent to step up intellectual developments in both scientific and military affairs to counter the paradigm shift presented by the launch of Sputnik 1. |

| The first step towards scientific development has been to begin putting in motion a reorganization of France's space program. President de Gaulle and Prime Minister Rene Coty have, in order to oversee this restructuring, tasked CES Director Pierre Victor Auger

to serve as Director of a more centralized, formal space agency, the Centre national d'études spatiales. Paperwork relating to the establishment of CNES has already been filed by the French Government, with plans to establish the organization by December 1958. The CNES will compile the various scientific efforts of the CES, France's military ballistics program, and private scientific developments into a singular, autonomous government organization that will be responsible for operating a variety of space-based research centers and sites. A headquarters shall be provided for CNES in Paris, as well as research and development centers in Hammaguir in Algeria and Kourou in French Guyana. |

| Sources close to President de Gaulle have also reported to the Press the President's intentions of, by executive order, handing over development and management of all non-militarized rocketry programs to CNES upon the organization's establishment. Among these rocket programs would include the Diamant and the Bérénice; however, the military's Véronique and Celeste[sup]*[/sup] rocket programs will remain under the direct operation of the French Armed Forces. With haste, the CNES will be tasked with uniting the efforts of France's scientific complex behind the creation of an advanced rocket and satellite program on par with that of the Soviet Union. Importantly, however, President de Gaulle has made overtures to both President Eisenhower of the United States and Prime Minister Rothschild of the United Kingdom regarding cooperation between CNES and the aerospace programs of the United States and the United Kingdom. Particularly, with the impending independence of Quebec from the United Kingdom and its almost certain joining of the French Union, it is likely that the de Gaulle administration will continue to assert Quebec's participation in joint British-American programs, such as the High Altitude Research Program, which has most of its scientific industry based in Quebec. Should France join H.A.R.P. upon Quebec's independence, it could serve as the groundwork for a trilateral Franco-British-American space program aimed at dominating the developing race to space. |

| What is for certain at this point is that the efforts of de Gaulle to step up France's own aerospace programs will come at a cost. The French Ministry of National Defense confirmed today that it has been investigating slashing budgets on development programs in both the Ground Forces and Air Force, and cancelling projects on certain programs all together. Undoubtedly, the funding referred to is that which has been given to various French aerospace companies to develop jet aircraft which, although previously a priority of the French military-industrial complex, is now being pushed to the wayside as rocketry becomes the pressing issue of both military and scientific developments. Budget cuts will be announced in January, but will be put into effect before the end of the year. |

Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][sup]NOVEMBER 3RD 1957[/sup]

THE LAUNCH OF SPUTNIK 2[/list]

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[sup]USSR, KAZAKH SSR, BAIKONUR COSMODROME[/sup]

___

|Sputnik-1 would not be the only sattelite sent into orbit by the Soviet union in the year of 1957. Sputnik-2 would launch a month later, under the name "Prosteyshiy Sputnik-2", meaning "Simple Satellite 2". Sputnik-2 was actually a part of a greater plan by Sergei Korolev, to not just send the first Satellite into space but send the first living animal into orbit the next month. Said living animal would be Laika, a stray mongrel from the streets of moscow. Laika would not survive the orbit. They did not have the tech to successfully bring Laika back to earth and also send it into space by the 3rd of November to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. The Rocket carrying Sputnik-2 would be the same type of rocket used to carry sputnik-1 as the similarities between missions made it unnecessary to design a whole new rocket for a single mission. it had 5 thrusters, 4 of which would detach on the first and only stage. Sputnik-2 would be in space for 162 orbits and would achieve 25000 orbits before reentering the earths atmosphere. The capsule would burn up in the atmosphere, with Laika already dying 4 hours into the operation.There was not much to the launch besides that it was very similar to the Sputnik-1 launch. it was nearly identical, besides the capsule itself.|

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| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

___

Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

Post self-deleted by Kiger.

Spotlight: Olof Palme, the fiery newcomer to the Riksdag

Olof Palme, 30, is the newest member of the Riksdag for the Social Democratic Workers' Party, representing Jönköping County. Palme's background, having been born into an upper-class conservative Lutheran family, is not one you would expect to produce a fiery proponent of socialism. Receiving his education from private tutors as a child, he attained mastery of both German and English at a young age. Palme then enrolled in Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket, considered to be the most prestigious school in Sweden, 1940 and graduated in 1945. The natural next step was to attain a university education, but he was called up for compulsory military service when he reached his 18th birthday, serving with the Svea Artillery Regiment for two years. One discharged, Palme attended a liberal arts school at Kenyon College in the United States on a scholarship, where he graduated with a BA in 1948. Palme hitchhiked around the United States and Mexico for the majority of 1948, returning to Sweden a year later to study law at Stockholm University. He has claimed that his experiences in the United States, where he travelled across the country and witnessed the class divide and anti-black racism, radicalised him. He joined the Social Democratic Party in 1949, and during his time in university got involved in student politics. Palme became a member of the Swedish National Union of Students in 1951, becoming its president a year later. In that capacity, he concentrated on international politics and travelled across Europe. Graduating from Stockholm University in 1953, Palme caught the eye of Prime Minister Tage Erlander and was subsequently recruited to work in his secretariat. He was then chosen as the Social Democratic candidate to represent Jönköping County for the vintervalet, coming out on top in a four-horse race. Having been labelled "a promising young politician" and even "a future Prime Minister", only time will tell if he reaches the potential so many expect from him. Indeed, from working as a secretary to the Prime Minister to sitting alongside him as a member of parliament in only four years time, one can't help but expect his political career to only continue rising from here on out.

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Teymour, Gaia Major

The turmoil in Germano-Soviet relations.

The recent purge was met with silent criticism at the Volkshalle at first. But the further it went- the colder the relations with the Soviet Union became, at least it seemed like it. West Germany was way too close to the other side, and west intervention was quite likely. Moreover, Walter Ulbricht was democratically elected, and bald actions from the soviet union could have caused massive unrest. Finally, the German People's Army was way too small to ensure stability even in the best-case scenario where all the forces stay loyal to the new theoretical leader. This stalemate lasted until November 3rd when Walter announced that the elections of 1958 will be held exactly 12 months later.

Meanwhile, OGAS development continues. Despite the temporary split in the relations, both sides were unwilling to scrap the development plan for years ahead. The decision to continue was announced after the private meeting between Erich Honecker, the leading figure in the german part of the project, and Chairman Mikoilyan himself. From October 20th to November 1st Erich was on a business trip across such cities as Leningrad, Novorossiysk, Sevastopol, and Omsk, reviewing strategic assets for the development of "Proekt Sviaz". Apart from this, Honecker even had time to be a guest in a famous pioneer camp "Artek". Here the journalists managed to hear a small part of the discussion between Honecker and the Chairman. "Anastas, you'll see our pioneer camps one day, when my work here is done. You have my word."

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major

Seeking to improve the international standing and legitimacy of his Junta of National Conservatives built atop the National Guard-enforced lock-out of the nation's Liberal opposition, otherwise known as "El Golpe de los Cuarenta y Ocho", or the Coup of the Forty-Eight, Presidente Wilton Rónald Alarcón Ettinger formally invited David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of the State of Israel, to the capital city of Cacicazgo, fixtured between both the Pinotoco and Chayama Mountain ranges in Azufregalpa province, Val Verde.

When the Israeli Prime Minister's flight touched down at Aeropuerto Internacional de Val Verde, a timely motorcade awaited the maturing David Ben-Gurion with a swathe of international press surrounding the airliner's off-boarding bridge, a line of olive drab green M1 helmeted National Guardsmen stand, clearing a path for the Israeli PM to the limousine where President Ettinger awaited him in a sharp tailored dark blue suit with an outstretched hand, making for more than suitable photo for press headlines when the two men locked hands and waved to the crowd. Afterward, the motorcade would take the entourage to el Palacio Municipal, President Ettinger's property where he prefers to host leaders regarding matters of business and diplomacy. El Palacio Municipal doubled as a cuartel (fortress-like base with barracks) for the National Guard.

As the leader's motorcade approached the Municipal Palace, formations of Guardia Nacional recruits in sweatshirts performed general exercise drills, their officers barking orders and reciting morale songs as the soldiers perform an array of jumping jacks, push-ups, and stretches. The close relationship of Ettinger's government and the National Guard was very apparent. The entourage is led through the gates and into the main entrance through the courtyard, where two M1951 uniformed Guardsmen of the Presidential Protection Unit patrol the entrance with M3 Grease guns. Parked within the driveway the Guards patrol is a 1957 Plymouth Fury and a 1956 Mercury Montclair, facing the main palace entrance. Once inside the Palace, President Ettinger and Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion were brought to the President's office.

[List]President Wilton Rónald Alarcón Ettinger: "First and foremost, Bienvenidos a Val Verde, Prime Minister Ben-Gurion. Thank you for accepting this formal invitation to my Fatherland. I am assured that our meeting today will solidify a lasting friendship and partnership between our countries."[/list]

—

Unitary Israel

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Zanbala Prz, Gaia Major

[pre]Year of the Fire Rooster

1957 | October[/pre]

国防会议!

[sub]National Defence Conference![/sub]

|On the modern field of battle, there is little that can be said to be absolutely certain. Indeed, war thrives on such uncertainty; battles can be won or lost in a matter of minutes, nuclear bombs can obliterate entire nations in a span of a few insignificant seconds. It is in this dynamic of rapid and decisive conflict that the CCP Politburo Defence Conference of 1957 took place.

During the course of this event, the need for a modernised and highly efficient armed force became self-evident, as China assumes the role of guardian of the Revolution in Asia. The rapid speed of modern warfare may possess few certainties; but nary a day passes that these powerful men grow more convinced of one overarching truth: China must be able to defend itself and its allies from foreign aggression, and China must be able to use its armed forces to pursue its own strategic goals, as well as those of its allies, in order to further the fervour of the Revolution.

To that end it became evident that the current Chinese armed forces were ill-equipped to carry out a task that some consider daunting: defend the workingman of Asia. The Politburo of 1957 inherited a state that had been battered by war, and which had rapidly industrialised and mechanised under the First Five-Year Plan; a state that was resentful of its inconclusive result in the 1953 Battle of Tchan-Tung; and a state that was increasingly capable of producing its own armaments.|

|This influenced the environment in which the Conference took place.

With the People's Republic of China receiving prototypes and designs of the highly advanced and supersonic Ye-4 and MiG-19 fighter aircraft, AVIC has made significant leaps in the development of indigenous aircraft to supplement and eventually supersede the majority of Soviet aircraft in service. As such AVIC has been issued a tender for a new host of aircraft, to be phased into service by the year 1960. In addition to these, a large number of other projects have been established for the rapid military advancement of the PRC.|

|• New Primary Fighter: A design contest will be instituted to design and produce serially an entirely-new fighter aircraft, built indigenously from the ground up by AVIC. Based on Soviet research made available to the PRC, it will incorporate several advanced design features such as canards and delta wings. Having learned lessons in air doctrine from the Battle of Tchan-Tung, the vast gap in fighter technology between China and the West has been exposed for what it is: a decisive advantage for the forces of imperialism. Needless to say, this fighter, labelled in privy circles the Chengdu J-8 and to be constructed by the Chengdu Aircraft Corporation, is designed to close that gap. With specifications that outstrip even modern Soviet fighters in Chinese service, such as the MiG 21A, it is designed to mark a paradigm shift in the nature of aircraft design in China, and demonstrate China’s ability to go toe-to-toe with the West. In its role as an interceptor and air superiority aircraft it will be made available for export to China’s Warsaw Pact allies as well, in the hope that it will provide competitive and affordable opposition to NATO jets. In addition, the Conference selected for production the Nanchang Q-5 strike fighter, designed for precision ground strikes and ground attack roles in order to replace the ageing Il-10 Sturmoviks currently in use, relics of the last war. The construction of this aircraft allows low supersonic speeds at efficient fuel consumption due to its light weight, with advanced construction such as the use of titanium being used to armour the aircraft against AA and other ground-based threats. This aircraft will also be made available for export.|

|• New Civilian Airliner: With the increasing wealth of Chinese citizens, there is a growing market for domestic air travel; more and more people have the ability to spend large sums of money on rapid and comfortable air travel between Chinese cities as well as other regional destinations. As such, two new civilian airliners have been commissioned for use with CAAC, the state carrier: the Shanghai S-10 for international service with a range of 12,000 kilometres, and the Shanghai S-9, a medium-range large-capacity airliner designed for pan-China and regional service, with a range of 4,400 kilometres to allow it to travel from any point in China to any other with a maximum of 1 stopover, as well as the ability to serve multiple regional destinations such as New Delhi, Vladivostok, Pyongyang and Jakarta.|

|• New Strategic Bomber: In response to the growing aggression of the West and their ability to strike targets deep within Warsaw Pact territory with warheads both conventional and nuclear, it is of the utmost importance that a bomber be developed that is able to conduct high-speed, high-altitude penetration missions as well as conventional strategic bombing raids with a large bomb load and improved avionics. As such, a design contest, won by the Xian Aircraft Corporation, was proposed, with demanding specifications of supersonic ~Mach 2 speed and a bombload of 27,000 kg. This competition led ultimately to the Xian H-7, designed to serve in conjunction with the existing Xian H-6 heavy bombers in the capacity of strategic bomber. The H-6 in turn is expected to be phased out within 2 years in PLAAF service by the Shenyang B-22, a supersonic bomber that has been slated for introduction by 1959 which is designed for conventional use as a heavy strategic bomber and will carry much larger loads but lack the speed and stealthiness of the H-7.|

|• Project Red Thunder: With the recent exposition of nuclear weapons by the French Republic, and the known capacity of the United Kingdom and the United States, China, which lacks the ability to retaliate effectively to a nuclear assault, is presented with nothing short of an existential threat. Despite the fact that its fraternal ally, the USSR, already possesses the ability to construct and deploy nuclear weapons, ChinaÂ’s defence is no longer secure until she possesses herself this capability, as well as the means to provide such weapons to her allies. One of the most important developments of the National Defence Conference was the decision to implement Project Red Thunder (红雷: Hóng léi), a push by the PeopleÂ’s Republic to acquire indigenously-produced and -designed nuclear weapons. With overtures being made to the Soviet Union to obtain a small number of nuclear warheads for study, it is assumed that the project will begin soon; however, very little to no information is available about its details at present, save that Qian Sanqiang, the noted Chinese nuclear physicist, and Joan Hinton, the American defector who worked on the Manhattan Project, are said to be heading it along with Qian Xuesen. The services of noted physicist and Warsaw Pact defector Klaus Fuchs have also been enlisted to facilitate the rapid development of “The Bomb”, as it is popularly known.|

|• Army Mechanisation: The People’s Liberation Army, although a formidable force, is at present largely infantry-based, and thus competes at a disadvantage with the mechanized and fast-moving armies of the West, which use tanks and motorised infantry to great effect and have forces that can manifest rapidly across the battlefield. The Soviet Union’s own success in mechanising its military force, which was at the conclusion of the Second World War largely infantry-based, shows that this process is not as formidable an undertaking as is typically portrayed. Since 1949, the PLA has made significant inroads into modern military organisation, with the introduction of mechanised divisions and larger components of armour participating in battles. However, it is to be noted that the tanks and personnel carriers used by the army are largely obsolete by this point, consisting mainly of cheap World War-era T34s and other vehicles that cannot effectively compete on the quality front with modern tanks. In light of this, a request has been sent to the USSR for access to the design of Object 430, a new tank undergoing trials in the Soviet Union which appear to suit China’s needs perfectly. Once this is granted, production of the new tank as well as mechanisation of all infantry formations save for airborne and garrison troops. To this end, a request is put forth for access to the Soviet BTR-60 APC, which along with other Soviet vehicles will assist in transforming the PLA into a formidable modern fighting force.|

|• People’s Liberation Army Navy: The Chairman has seen fit to completely dissociate the PLAN from the PLA as a whole, in light of its soon-to-be-finished expansion and manifestation as the largest navy of an Asian nation. As such, it is to be renamed the People’s Liberation Navy, and left distinct from all institutions of the army. In addition, the PLN Aviation Wing has been established, to train and prepare pilots for carrier-based operations from the anticipated Zhongguo-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. In addition, the PLN Submarine Force is due to expand rapidly, with the proposed purchase of design rights to a large number of Soviet nuclear submarines, which, it is anticipated, will provide one arm of the new nuclear programme’s strike force.|

Arcanda, Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]THE NEW FRENCH NAVY!

14 September 1957 - Bizerte, Republic of Tunisia, French Union[/list][/list]

| Surrounded by an escort fleet including light cruisers, destroyers, and submarines, the freshly-completed F.S. Marne makes its way into Bizerte's large military port, long a home of French military vessels since the establishment of the French Protectorate in Tunisia in 1881. Under the command of Contre-Amiral Zacharie Raoult, the ship arrives in Bizerte to a cheering throng of French sailors and soldiers standing along the docks and wharfs of the city's military and public ports. As part of the French Navy's Carrier Strike Group 2(Mediterranean), it and the Algiers-based F.S. Verdun, as the core of Carrier Strike Group 2, are the most recent testaments to the growing strength of the French Navy. |

| As part of President de Gaulle's vision for France as a modern, pre-eminent power in a post-colonial age, the establishment of a large navy with global capabilities has presented itself as a foremost issue for the French Armed Forces. France had, many times, had its colonial ambitions halted due to its former historical rival, the United Kingdom, utilizing the strength of the Navy to a degree the French dynasties of old had not. Since 1910, when France developed the first aircraft carrier, successive French governments have posted fluctuating but consistent importance on the role of the navy in France's national security and foreign affairs. In the post-War era, with France's role abroad growing larger and its military being utilized to defend stability and justice across the region and the globe, the de Gaulle administration has sought to incorporate military modernization into the forefront of it's policy. In particular, the ability of France to not only defend against but actively counter encroaching Soviet influence in Europe, the Near East, and Africa has become increasingly recognized by Gaullist conservatives as a necessity France must meet in order to ensure the continued existence of the French system. |

| The Verdun-Class Carriers represent a half(or, more accurately, two thirds) of President de Gaulle's new carrier fleet. With a total displacement of 45,000 tons and a length of nearly 860 feet, the conventionally-powered CATOBAR aircraft carriers have been designed by the French Navy specifically to provide fast, long-range air support across the French Union and in neighboring states. Four Verdun-Class Carriers have been commissioned, two completed: the FS Verdun, the inaugural ship, launched from the Nantes shipyard in 1956 and stationed at Mers-el-Kébir; the FS Marne, completed just two months ago at the Nantes shipyard, now stationed at Bizerte; the FS Amiens, due for completion next year at the Saint-Nazaire shipyard with its port of call at Tchan-Tung; and lastly, the FS Artois, to be stationed at Djibouti, in French Somaliland. The other third of de Gaulle's carrier-centric overhaul of the navy consists of the Darlan-Class, described both as 'heavy carriers' and as 'supercarriers' in the French press. |

| The class has been named after French Admiral François Darlan, who led France's Navy during the Second World War until his assassination by an Orleanist assassin in 1942. With a total displacement of 65,000 tons when fully loaded, comparable to the United States' own Forrestal-Class Supercarriers, the Darlan has been designed specifically with the territorial defense of France in mind. The two ships of its class, FS Darlan and FS Petain, will enter service in 1960 and 1961, respectively. The two ships are powered by two 165MWt nuclear engines each and carry not only some seventy five aircraft, but will also be equipped with a vast array of anti-air missile systems, anti-submarine systems, and forward torpedo tubes. The FS Darlan shall call the port of Brest, on the Atlantic Coast, its home as the flagship of the French Navy, while the FS Petain shall reside in Toulon, on France's southern Mediterranean Coast. |

| The construction of the Verdun and Darlan classes will be in tandem with a general restructuring of the organization of the French Navy. While the FS Joffre will remain in service, the recently modernized FS Brittany and FS Brest carriers will be refitted to serve as barracks ships in Toulon and French Polynesia, respectively, for the French Marines. The French Union plans on decommissioning the Brittany and the Brest by 1968, if not sooner. Additionally, as the new Verdun and Darlan classes are phased into service, the structure of the French Navy will be modified to reflect a more NATO-integrated organization through the creation of Carrier Strike Groups. The main two carrier strike groups, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, will be organized as follows: |

[list][*] Carrier Strike Group 1 ( Atlantic ):

[list][*] FS Darlan

[list][*] Carrier Air Wing 1:

[list][*] Fighter Squadron 1: FAI F.215N Senones

[*] Fighter Squadron 2: FAI F.215N Senones

[*] Interceptor Squadron 1: Me 716

[*] Interceptor Squadron 2: Me 716

[*] Ground Attack Squadron 1: FAI F.215N Senones

[*] Anti-Submarine Warfare Squadron 1: Bréguet Br.1050 Alizé

[*] Rapid Response Squadron 1: FAI Alouette II[/list][/list]

[*] FS Surcouf

[*] FS Kersaint

[*] FS Cassard

[*] FS Suffren[/list]

[*] Carrier Strike Group 2 ( Mediterranean ):

[list][*] FS Petain:

[list][*] Carrier Strike Wing 2

[list][*] Fighter Squadron 3: FAI F.215N Senones

[*] Fighter Squadron 4: FAI F.215N Senones

[*] Interceptor Squadron 3: Me 716

[*] Interceptor Squadron 4: Me 716

[*] Ground Attack Squadron 2: FAI F.215N Senones

[*] Anti-Submarine Warfare Squadron 2: Bréguet Br.1050 Alizé

[*] Rapid Response Squadron 2: FAI Alouette II[/list][/list]

[*] FS Bouvet

[*] FS Dupetit-Thouars

[*] FS Chevalier Paul

[*] FS Saint-Louis[/list][/list][/list]

| Four other Carrier Strike Groups shall also be established: Carrier Strike Group 3(Africa), with its flagship, the FS Verdun; Carrier Strike Group 4(Caribbean), with its flagship, the FS Marne; Carrier Strike Group 5(Indian Ocean), with its flagship, the FS Artois, at Djibouti; and Carrier Strike Group 6(Far East Asia), with its flagship, the FS Amiens, at Tchan-Tung. The six carrier strike groups will be utilized to guarantee the protection of French, French-aligned, and NATO interests abroad on a global scale and participate in global operations such as anti-piracy actions and freedom of navigation operations. |

| Beyond the aircraft carriers, the French Navy has also been slated to see substantial development within the next ten years. As the de Gaulle administration begins to scale down and streamline the extremely bloated French aerospace complex, a surplus of funds which has been generated from the cancellation of various jet aircraft programs has allowed the Ministry of National Defense to request expansions of France's destroyer, cruiser, and submarine ranks. The developments include: |

[list][*] Construction of 4 La Résolue-Class Helicopter Cruisers[sup]1[/sup] by 1966.

[*] Construction of 8 Henri d'Orves-Class Destroyers by 1966

[list][*] 1x Masurca Surface-to-Air Missile

[*] 1x 100mm naval gun

[*] 2x 324mm torpedo tubes

[*] 6x 57mm/60 modèle 1951 gun

[*] Displacement of 5,350 long tons at full load

[*] Speed of 34 knots[/list]

[*] Construction of 8 Duperré-Class Destroyers[sup]2[/sup] by 1961

[*] Construction of an additional 3 Surcouf-Class Destroyers[sup]3[/sup] for a total of 15 by 1961

[*] Construction of an additional 4 De Grasse-Class Cruisers[sup]4[/sup] for a total of 5 by 1962

[*] Construction of 8 Narwhal-Class Patrol Submarines[sup]5[/sup] by 1962

[*] Construction of 6 Aréthuse-Class Attack Submarines[sup]6[/sup] by 1963

[*] Construction of 1 Solaire-Class Nuclear Submarine by 1965

[list][*] 6x Torpedo Tubes

[*] 2x Oerlikon 20mm cannons

[*] 10.06MW Nuclear-Reactor

[*] Speed of ~21kn

[*] Displacement of 4,109 tons submerged[/list][/list]

_____

[sub]1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_Jeanne_d%27Arc_(R97)[/sub]

[sub]2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_53-class_destroyer[/sub]

[sub]3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_47-class_destroyer[/sub]

[sub]4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_De_Grasse[/sub]

[sub]5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Narval-class_submarine[/sub]

[sub]6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A9thuse-class_submarine[/sub]

Arcanda, Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][list]8 December 1957 - Québec City, Capitale-Nationale, Republic of Quebec

THE QUIET REVOLUTION: PT. V

𝘓𝘢 𝘓𝘪𝘣𝘦́𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯![/list][/list]

| After four years of vicious campaigning, civil unrest, and ideological skirmishes, the people of Quebec have finally achieved their independence. After winning the 1956 General Election, the RPQ was quick to put forward an independence referendum that December which, to the jubilation of the party leadership and the Independentists throughout Quebec, had succeeded with 52.4% of Quebec's population voting in favor of independence with a total turnout of nearly 85% of Quebec's population. On 8 December 1956, the day after the election results were certified, Quebecois Premier Marcel Chaput announced that Quebec would begin preparing for full, total independence a year from that day. |

| A year has passed, and everything has gone accordingly. At long last, and with representatives of the British government present, Marcel Chaput signs the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Quebec, followed by the 52 Members of Parliament belonging to the Rally. After signing the Declaration, Premier Chaput is declared 1st Premier of the Republic of Quebec and delivers his first speech as leader of a free country. A rather straightforward speech compared to his typically flamboyant diatribes, Chaput shows the more refined, high-class version of himself he had hidden during the past four years to advance the cause of Quebecois independence. Now a leader of a fully autonomous state, Chaput has already begun to adopt the attitude of a statesman rather than just a politician. |

| In his speech, Chaput emphasizes the unity of all Quebecois and New World French as a whole including Acadians, Cajuns, Quebecois, and the other disparate groups. He promises to pursue a policy of economic dirigisme, self-sufficiency regarding defense, and a close foreign policy with the French Union. Short of announcing his intention to join the French Union, he promises he will begin to fully chart a new course for Quebec after the 1957 Quebecois General Elections, which is expected to result in a handy victory for the RPQ again. |

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

1957

Prepping for Independence:Elections for a Free Mali

Overview

As the era of colonialism drew to a close on West Africa, it was time to officially draft an official post-independence plan. The first step was holding local widespread elections to establish the parties for the parliament for Mali, and the rest of the free states.

Togoland

Firstly the future of Togoland. The

nation would be led under a one party conservative authoritarian democracy, this group the Party of Togolese Unity was led by Sylvanus Olympio. After securing the party nomination the popular Olympio quickly became local governor cooperating with French forces to begin transferring control slowly back to loyalist forces. Olympio also began purging suspected communists and traitors from positions of power.

Dahomey

Dahomey while still, a battleground had exterminated most of it's communist rebellions. Many of these victories came from the soldiers rallying behind a man from the lineage of old Dahomey Kings, Togni-Ahoussou Ahosu he had allied with Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin to form a Party for Dahomey Freedom. The pro-monarchist party adopted many of Imperialist and left-wing policies as Keïta and his Sorelians.

In the main opposition to Justin and the pretender King, the Party of Beninese Workers. While not associated with the communists were a hardline anti-monarchist, anti-french, and left wing Democratic Socialists.

Ivory Coast

The self-described Jewel of West Africa, the Ivory Coast had maintained as a stable and flourishing economic and democratic power. On the right wing was Félix Houphouët-Boigny and the Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast. Felix was a staunch African-nationalist, and conservatism. Felix was massively popular but faced opposition from the Ivory Coast Liberation Front, a centre left and social democratic front led by Tanoh Brou Antoine.

Mali

The most contentious of the post independence states would be Mali. Prince-President Keïta, as most were referring to him, stepped down, saying he could not serve as monarch and president. First up, the Far Right, Partie Bonapartiste, led by Malick Mansaré. The party advocated for militarism, jingoism, and authoritarianism. Centre Left, the Partie Pour Les Valeurs Traditionnelles, led by politician Mamadou Dia. This party was the only real major opposition to Keïta. Favoring Islamism, and traditional social structuring. The Centrist, Partie du People Touareg would serve as a major thorn in every party's side. No matter who won the PPT would hold a majority in Azawad and constitute nearly 2 million votes. The Left Wing, Partie Socialiste du Mali would cooperate closely with the Sorelians, advocating for welfare and worker reforms as well as limiting the power or post colonial Europeans. Finally there was the Partie Sorelian-Keïta, this third positionist party led by Keïta’s hand picked successor of Louis Lansana Beavogui combined the socialist ideologies of the left and the monarchist and nationalist policies of the right. Proposing the Socialist market economy, and Cooperative economics of the left-wing movements tied with reformist Islam and social equality social values appealed to less radical leftists. The Malian nationalist and militaristic values combined with Federalist policies appealed to many on the right-wing.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][sub]The New York Times[/sub][/list]

International

UNITED STATES LAUNCHES FIRST AMERICAN SATELLITE INTO ORBIT, EXPLORER-1,

[sup]Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida| The United States of America[/sup]

[list][sup]January 1958[/sup][/list]

[sub]CAPE CANAVERAL - After the Soviets had launched their artificial satellites, Sputnik-1 and Sputnik-2 in November of last year, the United States immediately began increasing its efforts to invest in its own space program. Increased emphasis was placed on the US Navy's Project Vanguard to launch an American satellite into orbit. However, with the failed launch of Vanguard TV-3 in December of 1957, there was a renewed interest in the existing Explorer program. The Explorers Program began as a U.S. Army proposal (Project Orbiter) to place a "civilian" artificial satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year. Although that proposal was rejected in favor of the U.S. Navy's Project Vanguard, which made the first sub-orbital flight Vanguard TV0 in December 1956, the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957 (and the resulting "Sputnik crisis") and the failure of the Vanguard 1 launch attempt resulted in the Army program being funded to match the Soviet space achievement. Thus, at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, the United States made history, launching the first American satellite into space sending a wave of relief after the Soviets launched Sputnik-1 and Sputnik-2.[/sub]

[sub]Explorer 1 was launched from Launch Complex 26 (LC-26) at approximately 03:48 UTC. The satellite is aboard the Juno I RS-29. The Juno I rocket was launched, putting Explorer 1 into orbit with a perigee of 358 kilometers (222 mi) and an apogee of 2,550 kilometers (1,580 mi) having a period of 114.8 minutes. Goldstone Tracking Station could not report after 90 minutes as planned whether the launch had succeeded because the orbit was larger than expected. Celebrations and a wave of relief spread across the country as the United States launched its first American satellite into orbit. Although it may have not been the first, it certainly will not be last. The launch of Explorer 1 marks a new dawn in humanityÂ’s race to the cosmos as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America, the two contenders of the world and the two opposing superpowers that have the world in a tight grip between capitalism and communism, reached for the cosmos. President Eisenhower has congratulated the team who worked on the Explorers program and is seeking to create a nationalized agency for AmericaÂ’s involvement in space exploration. A new day is dawning upon the United States and the world, as the Space Race, as it now called, has officially begunÂ…[/sub]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[pre]Year of the Fire Rooster

1958 | January[/pre]

毛泽东在圣地!

[sub]Mao in the Holy Land![/sub]

At the request of Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, Chairman Mao finds himself travelling West; further West, in fact, than he has ever been before, on a state visit to the equally-fledgling State of Israel. China's forays into international diplomacy outside Asia have been scant since the end of the Century of Humiliation, and it is hoped that this meeting, proposed by the Israelis, will be a productive one and lead to wider international recognition for the People's Republic, as well as potentially finding for China a strong partner in the Middle East.

Chairman Mao's state aircraft, the modern and mighty Shanghai S-9: a turbojet version of the Soviet Tu-114 and the largest and fastest airliner in service, glides down the dusty runway at Lod airport and taxies to the terminal and to a halt, the scorching Middle Eastern sun glinting off its red-and-silver paintwork. The door opens with a futuristic hiss as Mao steps out from the aircraft and walks down the carpet laid out for him, waving at the small audience that has come to see his arrival. He strides confidently along with his attaches towards the waiting Prime Minister, and proffers his white-gloved hand for a handshake.

Unitary Israel

PT. I

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

1958 | January

[list]מאו מאו דזה-דונג בארץ הקודש!

[sub]Mao Zedong in the Holy Land![/sub][/list]

[list]Prime Minister Ben-Gurion, accompanied by his foreign minister, Golda Meir approached the Chairman, Ben-Gurion smiles as he extended his hand towards Mao saying in somewhat broken chinese “Welcome friend.” following by an invitation (this time in english) to drive in the same car with him towards the capital, to Jerusalem.

[list][sub]-Mao graciously shakes the Prime MinisterÂ’s hand, and nods at the foreign minister at his side. He accompanies the two, along with his small army of aides, towards the roadside.[/sub][/list]

Mao Zedong: (In fluent English accented by his study in English schools in China, the Chairman responds.)

“Mr Prime Minister! You didn’t tell me you spoke Chinese! I thank you for your gracious welcome to Israel. As it is upon your invitation that the People’s Republic finds itself here represented today, I offer you the liberty to propose the first topic of our discussion- I can only hope that it will be a fruitful one!”

[list][sub]-Mao smiles at the Prime Minister, waiting for his response.[/sub]

[sub]-His Humble smile is still on his face as he respectfully answers.[/sub][/list]

Ben-Gurion: “We Jews, we respect the chinese culture as it is as ancient and as rich as our own, it is simple courtesy welcoming you here in your own language!

[list][sub]-The motorcade drives into the airport, a line of 5 black cars accompanied by guards dressed in their gala uniforms riding motorbikes at the front and back of the motorcade.[/sub][/list]

Ben-Gurion: “Perfect, our ride is here Chairman, we shall discuss everything once we begin driving.”

[list][sub]-The Prime Minister and the Chairman entered the first car in the motorcade along with a couple of translators, leaving foreign minister Meir and the aides of Mao to enter the second car. Soon the motorcade starts riding off towards Jerusalem, passing by the pastoral views of an ancient homeland, forests, hills and ruins of old dominate the views.[/sub]

[sub]- Mao glances out of the window at the landscape, thinking to himself how different these hills are from the rolling plains of China; and yet, in terms of history and ancient heritage, it is much the same. He begins with a chuckle, thinking about this, and remarks to the Prime Minister.[/sub][/list]

Mao Zedong: “You are absolutely right, you know. It’s almost eerie how similar ancient cultures across the world can seem to outsiders, and Israel of course, is one of the world’s most ancient cultures after all. Now- on to business! What would you like to discuss first?”

[list][sub]-Ben Gurion stiffened his spine looking straight at the Chairman.[/sub][/list]

Ben-Gurion: It is in my personal interest to open as many channels from the world to Israel and from Israel to the world, economic channels, diplomatic channels, treaties of mutual assistance with nations who are brotherly to my own, tourism even! Who hasnÂ’t heard of the great wall of China or the ancient sites of Jerusalem Tiberias and Messada.

Many Israelis think highly of the peopleÂ’ republic, we appreciate honest hard work and we know you, respected chairman can be more than an ally for Israel but a close friend.

We shared the suffering and the humiliation by the hand of the western powers for far too long, it is our mutual interest to make sure we, together, are strong enough to fend them off if they get any new ideas for our lands and people.

Mao Zedong: “I share your disdain and mistrust of the West, Mr Prime Minister. As nations whose people have been ravaged not only by the Western world but by the fascist menace, there is significant commonality between us at this stage in the histories of our young nations and yet ancient cultures. It is my firm belief that an enemy of the West is a friend of China, and as such I support your views for high levels of cooperation between our emerging states. I have a personal liking for the Jewish community, and as I’m sure you are aware they were instrumental in the introduction of Communism to China; several of my mentors and formative tutors were Jewish. I believe that despite Israel’s decision to embrace non-socialist principles of government, China is both willing and keen to cooperate with your nation, and forge for the people of Asia a brighter future by our efforts. As for tourism- most certainly. Citizens of Israel are welcome as they have always been in China, provided they go through the appropriate channels for entry into the PRC; I trust the same holds for Chinamen who wish to visit Israel.”

Ben-Gurion: We indeed endured the holocaust and we fought with our lives, you, the Chinese did the same against the Japanese, the ravaging beast of the east. For that you have my respect. I must confess as I mistrust the western powers I am not inclined to align my people with Moscow, the Stalinist regime has oppressed my people just the same as the Nazi beast and they still continue to do so. I invÂ

[list][sub]-Ben Gurion is interrupted by the driver announcing their arrival (In Hebrew) in Jerusalem, driving up towards the National Assembly at the Knesset building.

Smiling again, Ben-Gurion translated to the Chairman rendering the translators who sat with them in the car useless.[/sub][/list]

Ben-Gurion: We are here Chairman, we need to address the Knesset and the people!

[list][sub]-The two exit the car, they are greeted by a line of Cabinet members and Military officials standing in attention, the flags of both nations flying over the Knesset building, citizens who brought their children to watch this historic meeting cheer from behind the fences of the compound. the Prime Minister and Chairman begin to walk towards the building eventually disappearing inside.[/sub][/list]

PT. II

[nation=long]Gaia Major[/nation]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[sub]12 January 1958[/sub]

[sup]The Growing Rift[/sup]

The Swedish Communist Party holds party congress - antagonism between party factions exacerbated

The Swedish Communist Party's 1958 congress was one many waited for with anticipation. Not because the party had any new policies to announce, nor were there any changes expected to be made. But because this congress was essentially convened for the purpose of discussing the Soviet Union's so-called 'soft purge' of the leadership of Eastern Bloc states such as Albania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Romania. Occurring in October last year, these purges saw leaders ranging from hardline Stalinists, 'radical leftists', to 'bourgeois reformists' being removed and replaced with individuals more clearly aligned with the goals of Moscow. The 1958 congress put the increasing polarisation of the Swedish Communist Party on display. There were three groupings; the so-called 'leftists' who ranged from outright Stalinists to general Marxist-Leninists and generally held a pro-Moscow line, the 'radicals' who sought to distance the party from the CPSU, and those who rallied behind the leadership of Hilding Hagberg that adopted a strict line of loyalty to the 'mother party'. Both the 'leftists' and the 'radicals' were critical of the 'soft purge', although one more so than the other. The 'leftists' wished for the party to put out an official statement criticising the 'soft purge' of the Albanian, Czechoslovakian, Polish, and Romanian leaders as 'authoritarian overreach' by the CPSU. The 'radicals' similar demanded that the party publish an official critique of the purges, as well as an explicit condemnation directed towards the General-Secretary Mikoyan. The leadership grouping under Hagberg worked to achieve a compromise between the three groups, not wishing to offend the CPSU's leadership in Moscow. This was motivated by the fact the Swedish Communist Party receives the vast majority of its funding from Moscow and relied on the continued support of the Soviet Union as the 'official' communist party in the country. In the end, the congress agreed to publish a statement by the party stating its disagreement with the purges, falling short of either a critique or condemnation. Though the leadership was able to reach a decision favouring their position, it was clear that their influence within the party was waning, caused by discontent with its ardent pro-Moscow attitude and worsening electoral performances, which the 'radicals' cited as proof that the pro-Moscow line was no longer viable. Indeed, a considerable number believe that the 'radicals' could take control of the party in the comings years, as their popularity both within the party and in the general electoral grows relative to that of the traditional Marxist-Leninists and/or Stalinists.

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list][pre]THE UNITED NATIONS[/pre][pre]SEPTEMBER 1955 - U.N COMMUNIQUÉ - GENEVA[/pre][/list]

| [sub]Per clause 1, sub clause a. of the Resolution on Legal Justice for Refugees, the Republic of Palestine has formally requested a legal inquiry into the human rights of Palestinian-Arab Refugees & Displaced Persons. Acting on clause 6 of the Resolution, the Office of the Secretary General is requesting that members of the United Nations volunteer legal professionals and judges to the disposal of this legal inquiry, so it may operate as quickly as possible, per review by ECOSOC & UNICEF.[/sub] |[/list]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

Anglo Channel

Americaa

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

The Reunified German Reich

Kartnan

Kiger

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]Heiwa 5

August 1957

[sub]世界への序曲[/sub]

Creation of the Japanese National Defense Research Institute[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

| Not long after Masanobu Tsuji's suggestion to Prime Minister Kishi to harness atomic power for the sake of military purposes, the cabinet created in secret the Japanese National Defense Research Institute (日本国防研究所 - JNDRI), with the goal of debuting a clandestine nuclear weapons program. Two eminent scientists, veterans of the F-Go Program established during World War Two for similar purposes, have been recalled to make use of their experience and research. Bunsaku Arakatsu, a former student of Albert Einstein, and Hideki Yukawa, are set to lead a team of scientists as Japan's nuclear program takes shape. Its primary task is to establish a plan of action with the first phase being the enrichment of uranium in a research facility located on the outskirts of Tokyo and officially operating under the mantle of the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission, a known institution overseeing the civilian branch of research into nuclear power and created in 1956. As of now however, not enough uranium is in the hands of the Japanese government to begin any concrete experiments, limiting the JNDRI's work to theoretical planning. But in the select halls of power aware of the plan, the issue is said to be high on the agenda, and negotiating with willing foreign powers to speed up the process and avoid relying on decade-old research is being envisioned. Fearful of the enormous implications that this project could have, both among Japan's war-weary citizenry and its radical leftist circles, as well as among the Communist Bloc, the establishment of the JNDRI has been shrouded in secrecy, with only key cabinet members aware of its existence, as well as the Original Seven of the Shiroyama Association. The cunning Masanobu Tsuji, also Deputy Director of the State Security Agency's Foreign Defense Office, has seen fit to extend the FDO's powers to guarding the JNDRI and its secrets, as well as to organize precise surveillance of its participants, for the time being. |

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

The Putsch: Day 1

Multiparty democracy was obviously seen as a bourgeois state mechanism created to oppress the working class. And so the decision to keep it was not met well inside the Communist Party. The conspiracy grew fast.

17th of November

8:54

Walter got a report about a "state emergency" in the border town of Hesse. It required the immediate presence of the Premier, Defense Minister, and the Minister of Stasi.

9:41

As soon as Ulbricht left the capital- he was arrested "until the resolution of the situation".

11:12

Guards Divisions were put on high alert, and the emergent party congress began.

14:32

Walter is accused of betraying worker's ideals, removed from his post, and his party ticket is annulled. His trial will be held later. Until the situation resolves, the military must stay on high alert. Comrades Wilhelm Pieck, Otto Grotewohl, and Karl Steinhoff will have supreme authority until a single premier will be appointed.

15:09

Honecker group returns to Berlin with an emergency plane.

15:24

There are multiple reports of unrest in Vienna. Massive protests, Austrian parliament on strike, Austrian Guards units refuse to obey orders.

15:48

Most of the Putschists board an emergency plane to Vienna. Out of important political figures, only Honecker, Heinz, and Milke stay in Berlin. Honecker was late with his plane, and the other two were busy dealing with Walter.

16:53

Signal with the "airship 1" lost.

20:11

Its hull was found in Hungary. No survivors.

22:44

Austrian news release multiple articles about acts of kindness in the streets. Protesters bring hot drinks, blankets, and food to government officials and soldiers on strike. This news is immediately intercepted by Stasi. No bits of information can leave Austria.

23:27

Another emergency meeting is scheduled for 2 am.

Teujira, Grand Indochina

[list]Heiwa 5

October 1957

[sub]第二教科書の修正と解散[/sub]

The Second Textbook Modification & the Dissolution[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

[sub]National Diet, Nagatachō District[/sub]

| The sky above the National Diet was layered with pale grey clouds. Inside the stocky stone building, a stormy session had just concluded with a walk-out of the Japan Socialist Party members. Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi and the dominant Constitutional-Democratic Party had passed the second textbook revision of post-war Japan. The first, which had been conducted under Ichiro Hatoyama's tenure, had erased the staunchly liberal and pacifist tone of Occupation-era schoolbooks, introducing moderate patriotism through the removal of mentions of such unverified claims as the Nanjing "Massacre" or the Sook Ching, and the addition of individual honorable deeds and heroic stories from Japan's side. Hatoyama's revision was a noted watershed moment of his tenure, signifying Japan's "normalization" policy: An end to the what the conservatives perceived as anti-patriotic, marxist self-guilt, which had been imposed by US Occupation authorities with the cooperation of Japan's left-wing teachers' unions. The Kishi revision aimed to be even wider than Hatoyama's and raise Kishi's profile as his successor, and would introduce two significant changes: First, the blame for the war with the United States would be attributed to "dire economic circumstances" and "misguided political decisions", therefore, shifting the blame from the Army and Navy, in power at the time, to political decisions. The second change would be a glossing-over of most Japan-US fighting, in order to concentrate on the war in China, which lasted between 1937 and 1945, and which is here described as a rightful struggle for the elimination of the marxist threat represented by Mao Zedong's CCP, and the greedy banditry represented by Chang Kai-shek's KMT; while Japan's Co-Prosperity Sphere in Asia would be painted as a precursor of anti-colonial independence movements. This served the goals of not only reconnecting future generations with Japan's new Armed Forces, but also of painting America as a friend and China as an enemy. Mentions of any dishonorable conduct on the part of Japanese troops would be this time relegated to mere footnotes. Throughout this modification, patriotism would be once more encouraged, in more open and direct manner than before. The United States, as a prized ally of Japan, would be painted in a positive light from 1945 onwards for its "friendship" in the struggle against the Red devils. |

[list][sup]"Your parents - The generation that lived during the Fifteen-Year War - have committed many years of their life to the betterment of society, suffering under the hardships of shortages and aerial bombardments. Some of them have bravely served and died in battle as soldiers of Japan. You must honor their sacrifices, for it is thanks to them that Japan has prospered through the years and that today society can live in harmonious peace."[/sup]

[sub]- Introduction to the Fifteen-Year War Chapter (1931 - 1945) in the newer Japanese schoolbooks.[/sub][/list]

| In the following days, illegal pamphlets decrying the revision as a "retrogade fascist power-play" would circulate in the capital. They were spread by the Japanese Communist Party, a party still legally allowed to compete in elections, but banned from publishing campaign material and its Akahata Shimbun newspaper. The JCP's influence was notable among many schoolteachers, who leaned to the left, but were also compelled to follow government-mandated programs. But the walkout organized by the Japan Socialist Party was not directed at the textbook modification. It was directed at Premier Kishi's second shock announcement, coming right after the passage of the bill: The House of Representatives would be dissolved, paving the way for a new general election. |

| Hard-pressed by the passing months to call for new elections and reinforce his electoral standing after his rise to power in January from within party ranks, there was no doubt Kishi would dissolve the House among his Constitutional-Democratic Party and parts of the more moderate opposition. But it was Kishi's calls for constitutional revision that proved the final straw. In presenting his party's platform for the anticipated election, Kishi noted that the new House of Representatives would need to "gain the citizens' trust" to "normalize Japan and its armed forces" by "amending Article 9 of the Constitution and allow for the creation of true defense forces". It was no secret that the conservatives' platform had been to revise the Constitution since the Occupation period: It was precisely for this reason that their big-tent party had called itself the Constitutional-Democratic Party when it was formed. But to add insult to injury, Kishi also called for the addition of a brand-new amendment to re-establish the Emperor's sovereignty and legal powers. Although Emperor Akihito routinely exercised such powers, when he nominated Kishi in January for instance, he did so out of purely traditional sense and with as much restraint as any other royal in Western constitutional monarchies; however since 1949, the Emperor had de jure no hand in politics. Kishi had set his mind to change that, justifying it by the Emperor's high status in Japanese society and further adding to his point by underlining Akihito's relative freshness, and the fact that the Emperor who had enabled the war to begin with, Hirohito, had abdicated in 1948. But not willing to hear what amounted to a triple-slap in the face in a single session, the Socialists walked out, and the few Communists that somehow kept their seats through the last few years followed dejectedly. |

| The next day, the left-leaning press was up in arms, while the conservatives felt energized and emboldened by Kishi's plans. No matter which side one found themelves on, the 1957 general election would prove to be greatly divisive and potentially history-making. |

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][B]NATIONAL GUARD'S MARITIME ACADEMY COMMEMORATES 61st ANNIVERSARY OF THE NAVAL BATTLE AT CASTILE DE GAMBOA[/list]

[sub]October 9, 1957 | Caribbean Coast, Val Verde[/sub]

On October 9, 1896, a fleet of Caribbean raiders largely comprised of Moskito Zambos and Afro-Caribbeans, amassed off the coast of the port of Castile de Gamboa with the objective to break through a Verdiano Federal Navy blockade of the harbor. The pirates had commanded a variety of ships ranging in size and classification, though all similarly being that of wooden hull construction and bearing tall masted sails. The Federal Navy of Val Verde, unbeknownst to the advancing marauders, had recently obtained a multitude of surplus sea and river-fairing wrought-iron plated armored hull Monitors, courtesy of the U.S. Navy Department. With their flotilla of ironclads, La Marina Federal, though slightly outnumbered, met and routed the raider fleet at open sea, scattering the few surviving pirate ships limping away into the horizon. The triumphant victory against the marauders showcased a newfound strength displayed by the Federal Armed Forces of Val Verde, it's Navy.

Herraro Agustín Salvatierra Naval Academy in Esquimara, San Cristóbal province is officially commemorating the anniversary of the historic battle with a ceremonial sailing of the last surviving example of the former Federal Navy's prided ironclads, SNV Chinanguas, a former U.S. Miantonomoh-class Monitor commandeered by a crew of only pre-graduate Naval Cadets and their instructor. Disembarking from Esquimara harbor in northern San Cristóbal province, SNV [B]Chinanguas sets a southron course along the Atlantic coast of Val Verde, it's destination, the site of the naval engagement off the coast of the major port city, Castile Gamboa. Throughout the years, rising tides and salt water erosion have withered away and swallowed up the wreckage of the marauder fleet that settled atop a large coral reef some miles outside the harbor, with merely a single bow figurehead of the remaining shipwreck visible out of the water. At the site of the wreckage, the crew slowed the ironclad to a dead stop and prepped her fully functional black-powder armaments, aiming them outward to the horizon and fired off synchronized sets of volleys far off into the sea, with a crowd of enthusiastic civil supporters saluting and waving historical flags at the harbor docks behind them, displaying the immense local support for the event cemented into national history.

Aboard SNV Chinanguas, cadet seamen raised the historical Naval Jack from the era, saluting as it went up flutteringly into the sky. The commemorative event's finale comes with a firework show from the port as the relic ironclad tramps away from the wreckage back to her home port, Esquimara, in the northernmost coastal canton of San Cristóbal province. Upon return to Esquimara, the Cadets will be official graduates of Naval Academy, establishing them for service as Ensign sailors of the Maritime Fleet of the National Guard of Val Verde.

[spoiler=AMOR A LA PATRIA!]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Aprosian Empire

Tadros

Gaia Major[/spoiler]

Arcanda, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]~ 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐇𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 ~

ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴏᴡɴꜰᴀʟʟ ᴏꜰ ꜱʜɪꜱʜᴀᴋʟɪ, ᴇɴᴅ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱꜱɴᴘ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴡ ᴅᴀᴡɴ ᴏꜰ ꜱʏʀɪᴀ‌[/list][/list]

[sup] In December 1951, having secured himself power after multiple schemes and political backstabbings, Shishakli took absolute control over the Syrian government. He dissolved all political parties in a return to one-party military rule. He banned a number of newspapers and outlawed all newspapers that were not pro-Shishakli. Among those to suffer persecution under his rule were the National Party of Damascus, the People's Party of Aleppo, the Baath Party, and the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood. Only leaving the SSNP as the last legal party of Syria. He also banished the Baath leaders Akram al-Hawrani, Michel Aflaq, and Salah al-Bitar to Lebanon, where they then actively worked against his regime. Shishakli also changed the flag of Syria and made the SSNP party flag the official state flag. Saddeh also passed a resolution that removed Humat ad-Diyar as the national anthem in exchange for "Ya biladi ainhadi" (O Arise my Country). The SSNP at this point reached the heights of its power as it was now the sole party of Syria. Its membership skyrocketed to about 6,000 members and Saddeh would see his cult of personality grow more immense. This would not go unnoticed by Shishakli and soon enough the two began distrusting each other. It came to a climax when in mid-1953 Shishakli staged an election to grant himself a second term as President. Saddeh also sought to take the presidency which only created further tension between the two. Shishakli won the election in the end and Saddeh was left feeling that the supposed alliance between the military regime and the SSNP was one-sided. After the election, tensions peaked when Saddeh was left hospitalized after a botched assassination attempt during an SSNP rally at the University Homs. Shishakli immediately took advantage of the situation by completely castrating the SSNP powerbase from the root. Shishakli quickly dismissed any pro-SSNP officers within the ranks of the military, the Prime Minister, and brought in his new party the Arab Liberation Party into government. Shishakli's whole reasoning for this was to capitalize on the evergrowing popularity of Arabist rhetoric. The most apparent example being Nasser's success in Egypt with his passionate speeches on various subjects. The SSNP obvisouly reacted negatively and quickly began plotting to overthrow the government. But before these conspiracies could flourish, Durze began revolting due to years of brutal repression by Shishakli. The reason being the druze people historically lived independent from the central government, something that Shishakli saw as a threat to the regime. Not only that, but growing discontent eventually led to a coup, in which Shishakli was overthrown in February 1955. The coup was plotted out by members of the Syrian Communist Party, Druze officers seeking vengeance, and most importantly Ba'athist. The most famous being the young Adnan al-Malki. Leading this colation of anti-Shishakli was former President Hashim al-Atassi and Sultan Pasha al-Atrash. Some claim that Iraq was backing the coup plotters, but little evidence has yet to be presented. The insurgency was short lived and Shishakli seeing the writing on the wall, choose to step down from the presidency and go into self exile in Lebanon. His reasoning being quote, "I do not wish to see my homeland destroy itself...thus, I, President Shishakli of the Syrian Republic...will be resigning from the presidency to preserve Syria's peace." On the 15th of Febuary, 1955, the regime had fallen thus bringing an end to a series of military regimes that had ruled Syria since 1949. The SSNP fate was sealed with the new government as the Communists and Ba'athist sought to retaliate against the SSNP. Saddeh attempted to flee the country to Lebanon but was arrested and put into custody. A military trail was organized quickly and Saddeh accused of crimes against the Syrian nation. The results not being surprised as the court gave Saddeh the death sentence, Saddeh would be executed via firing squad on the 20th of that same month. The SSNP subsequently collapsed following his death and many members fled to Lebanon to hide from possible reprisal by their enemies. Following the success of the coup, elections were to be held, and Shukri al-Quwatli who had been exiled since his overthrow by Al-Za'im, returned to Syria to participate in the elections. He would defeat his main opponent Khalid al-Azm 89 to 42 in the first round. This prompted the second round of voting, in which Quwatli won the presidency with 91 votes against Azm's 41.[/sup]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Arcanda, Teujira, Val Verde-, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][sup]DECEMBER 15TH 1957[/sup]

THE CULT OF CYBERNETICS AND NEW SOVIET UNIVERSITIES [/list]

___

[sup]THE SOVIET UNION[/sup]

___

| For the past three years the Decade Plan has been in place and going right on schedule. A part of the plan was growing the USSR's universities and creating a new class of young men, making them into politicians to eventually replace the old withering Nomenklatura and workers for all the new jobs being created by the Plan. One of the parts of Stalin's' legacy the Party was eager to get rid of was his stifling of scientific culture and suppression of Cybernetics. After the death of Stalin, General Secretary Mikoyan legitimized cybernetics as an important facet of science" in many of his wide reaching reforms, which is a far cry from Stalin and Soviet writers denouncing it as "a full embodiment of imperialist ideology". In 1954 the Council of Cybernetics was formed, an umbrella organization designed to fund and research the many uses of Cybernetics in the USSR and Soviet Radio-Frequency Engineer and Navy Admiral Aksel Ivanovich Berg was selected to head it. In 1955, even articles on cybernetics were published in the state philosophical organ, Voprosy Filosofi. Scientists were starting to understand the massive significance Cybernetics will have on the future of the Union. Soon enough the gears in the heads in most Soviet Scientists started turning, thinking of ways for this new wondrous science to benefit the Union. by 1956 Soviet cybernetics had not only been legitimized as a science, but had exploded in popularity in Soviet academia. |

| However, the Council of Cybernetics was not at all organized. On the contrary it quickly became an umbrella organization for formerly suppressed research topics that did not even relate to real cybernetics, as the word had become a catch-all term for unconventional science. This angered many who were interested in the application of real cybernetics, and thanks to the actions of Anatoly Kitov, Sergei Sobolev and Alexey Lyapunov a 20 man Department of Cybernetics was created but they still were worried about organization, and started working on the creation of another organization. This time it would be an official Institute of Cybernetics they needed, and the three joined forces with the structural linguists in the plan for the Institute. General Secretary Mikoyan agreed to its creation however his patience as well as everyone elses patience was wearing very very thin. Mikoyan privately derided the lead Cyberneticists among the Politburo and other politicians. Calling them "spoilt children, never satisfied with what they're given". |

| One of the most important ideas in Cybernetics was created by Anatoly Kitov. Who proposed the idea of ​​creating a unified automated control system throughout the country in a Letter to General Secretary Mikoyan on the 7th January 1956. Later in the autumn, he detailed his ideas in a 300-page Red Book containing a project to create a network of dual-purpose computing centers — military and civil, based in the USSR Ministry of Defense. He proposed to combine all computers into the Unified State Network of Computer Centers (EGSVTs), which was to be supervised by a special body — the State Committee for Improvement of Management (Goskompr), headed by one of the members of the Presidium of the Central Committee. Kitov himself said on the idea "The creation of the EGSVTs will significantly simplify the planning process: at the moment, the planned targets are 2-3 years behind the real capabilities and needs of enterprises, due to the huge paperwork. Computing centers united in a single network will allow you to see the real situation with a lag of only 2-3 weeks." Quickly after publishing the Book notable Soviet Cyberneticist Victor Glushkov got in touch with Mr. Kitov and gave him all his ideas he had on that subject. As it turns out Glushkov had many many ideas on how to improve such a project, and was very insistent that such a thing could be the first stepping stone towards true communism. He specifically proposed creating a three-level system of computing centers with a single center in Moscow, and about 200 mid-level centers in other large cities and up to 20,000 local terminals in economically significant places, exchanging information in real time using existing telephone networks. The proposal was sent to a commission chaired by Marshal Rokossovsky, and is still being reviewed. It is likely to go through, mostly likely with pressure by the General Secretary who is most interested in seeing it carried out..|

___

| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

___

Arcanda, Xaverium, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

January 15, 1958, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. First in the news, the Peruvian government has announced the passage of the Armament Act. This new law sets aside funding for the purpose of military vehicle and weapons purchases. In other news, the Peruvian economy has grown dramatically over the past year, as Peruvian businesses were given free reign to make a profit. This can be largely attributed to the expansion of mining and logging operations. Most notably, a hundred square kilometer area has been deforested in preparation for the expansion of farming in Peru. The deforested wood is being largely purchased by construction companies. Another factor is the number of loans being handed out by Peruvian financial institutions. In other news, fossil fuel companies are looking into ways to increase their output and profit. Those companies are researching the processing of trees into fuel for vehicles. While the process has not yet been formally determined, experts state that the amazon rainforest is an ideal source of potential fuel, given its abundance. In other news, the Peruvian Department of Education has officially announced that, in order to encourage education of the people, attending school is now mandatory and that each school shall be given a grant of 500 Sol per student attendee. While this move has been praised, some have suspected that the goal of this new policy is to drown out the culture of the natives in Peru. In other news, the University of Peru has announced that it has begun research in aviation, electronics, and computing. Due to how new some of these projects are to Peru, the program director expects results so earlier than 1963. The government has surprisingly given a research grant to the university to aide in funding those research projects. In other news, a new broadcasting station has been built, focusing on television transmission. That broadcasting station is owned by the University of Peru. Television, being a relatively new concept in Peru, has not spread beyond the wealthy and the major cities, but has been promoted as a means of experimenting with the new technology. In other news, the Peruvian Police Force has encountered a rise in drug possession. While not specifically illegal, that lucrative market has caused some criminal activity to occur by its users.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz

[list]JANUARY — MARCH 1956

DAMMAM, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

THE ARAB POLITICAL AWAKENING - NASSER'S SHOCKWAVE[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"Since we declared victory in the battle for our salvation the people has stood steadfast alongside their Arabism! They are advancing like a torrent of fire, they stand as firm as the mountains and the deepest of seas. This stand for the unity of our long estranged nation will ignite all the Arabs in a glorious mobilization! Yes, it is us who have ignited the sands of the Arabs into a beautiful rage! My compatriots, on this day, we welcome the easternmost parts of our country to the final victory against tyranny and for our rights. From the tip of [the strait of] Hormuz to the mouth of the Mesopotamian rivers, all the Arabs of this vast land are now clamouring to march with us! Truly: the nation in their affection, mercy, and compassion for each other is that of a body. When any limb aches, the whole body reacts with sleeplessness and fever (Hadith, Sahih Al-Bukhari)! The whole Arab body is aching! Aching to unify, aching to liberate! Our hearts and souls are being torn out of us as we witness the pain of our compatriots in the Arab coastline. They are all standing bravely to demand their rights, just as we did so in Riyadh, Egypt and Palestine! We will never accept anything less than the full realization of these most basic of human principles: dignity, national feeling and political rights. I say that nothing will stand between us and our compatriots in the Arab Gulf! All the nation's of the world. From the smallest to the largest, have no choice but to acknowledge that the Arab nation will sacrifice greatly for its sovereignty and safety!"[/sub]

[sub]"Those of you who live in Dammam are surely familiar with this. The vile and scheming House of Saud had oppressed you greatly, yet you toiled day and night to throw them out of your streets, your town and your nation! Let it be known that we will never return to those sorrowful times and that you will stand equal to everyone as citizens of the United Arab Republic! May the entire Arab Gulf hear these words and may they follow in the example they set! They must know that Arabism embraces their consciousness and that colonialism has failed to remove Arabism! On the global scale, the colonized and occupied people's are demanding justice and democracy. Some have triumphed and some have unfortunately failed. Yet so long they remain persistent and faithful to their cause regardless, all is well. It is this which forms the backbone of a people. Their will, their determination to find their own victory and to fight on in the face of any defeat! We will speak to the English about these matters, we rather the process of freeing the Arab Gulf and answering the demands of its inhabitants be done as soon as possible and without any complications. We must continue to support those Arabs whose livelihoods depend on these endeavours and remind all of them that we stand behind them in their noble struggles!"[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[/list]

[list][list][sub]The establishment of the United Arab Republic had unleashed a wave of pan-Arab nationalist emotion into the societies of the Middle East. The region was being reshaped as these euphoric feelings clashed with its political affairs. In Syria the regionalist SSNP had imploded, setting the stage for Syria's dormant Arab identity to regain relevance in the countries internal affairs. In the Egypt Region of the United Arab Republic, the first session of the nation's bicameral legislature was held on September 25th 1955, attended by delegates from across the UAR and leading to the full ratification of the national constitution. Now the question of organizing the distribution of power between Egyptian and Peninsular Arabs in key institutions such as the United Arab Armed Forces, can begin. A task which would fall heavily in the hands of Vice-President Mohammed Heikel, as Nasser continued to speak charismatically to his citizens and affirm himself as the public-face of not only the UAR but of the Arabist ideology itself. It was this very public image which had inspired some in the last remaining piece of the British Empire in the Arab Gulf to challenge colonial arrangements and demand unification with the UAR. In 1820, Britain had arrived to that area as a colonizing power to protect the security of it trading interests from Arab piracy, enforcing treaties which turned the local emirates into protectorates. The British were not the first Europeans to seek control over strategic location which is the Arab Gulf. Both the Portuguese and the Dutch had previously failed in that endeavour, being pushed out by the Shia Safavid Persians and then the local Arab dynasties by 1622. Yet, diplomatic leverage, a moral calling to abolish Slavery which was still an present an economic operation, and concessions from the dying Ottoman Empire, allowed Britain to create a spheres of influence over the Trucial States, Oman and Kuwait respectively. [/sub]

[sub]Upon securing these possessions, London took little interest in directly governing the region, largely due to its lack of tangible value beyond geographic positioning. The Arab Gulf was unlike the oil-rich shorelines of Persia, it was a desert, sparsely inhabited by pearl fishermen and scattered oasis piers. The British thus relied on the local royal dynasties to enforce political authority on behalf of their colonial interests. These dynasties: the Al-Thani's in Qatar, Al-Khalifa's in Bahrain, Al-Sabah's in Kuwait, the ruling Sheikhs of the Trucial States and the Aden Protectorate as well as the Al-Busaidi's of Oman, all retained supreme authority in internal matters. So long as they worked with Britain in external affairs. With the advent of local nationalism, this arrangement was beginning to be questioned. Although the Arab Gulf may have been was largely shielded from anti-colonial movements in places such as Egypt, the wider British Empire in the Middle East was showing its first cracks. The independence and partition of the Raj into a Muslim-state and a Hindu-state in August 1947 was the first instance of undermining Britain's colonial presence, as it had been designed to protect the defunct-Raj from foreign intrusion. With the 1950 return of the Suez Canal and then Sudan to the Egyptians, this process furthered. However these events, and the political forces which forged the circumstances for them to occur, never explicitly contained any political program specific to the remaining British possessions. But now, Nasser's emergent idealogical assertions are binding the Arab Gulf to a wider state on the basis of spoken language and cultural commonality. The United Arab Republic was evidently pushing for decolonization and Nasser's rhetoric of Arab self-determination reflected such a policy. When Nasser spoke to crowds in the coastal city of Dammam, the centre of oil extraction in eastern Arabia, civilian demonstrations had surfaced in the Arab Gulf. This manifested in December 1955, with the founding conference of the the Arab Trade Union Congress in Aden, by nationalist Bahraini, Kuwaiti, South Arabian, Omani and other political exiles who opposed the monarchies which had been partner to foreign colonialism. It was during this conference that these delegates produced several demands the most notable being: the withdrawal of non-Arab forces from the Arabian Gulf, a peaceful transition to self determination per a popularly held referendum and the realization of Arab unity. It was in the Kuwaiti and Bahraini capital's of Al-Kuwait and Manama respectively that the strongest calls for decolonization would emerge. A larger prevalence of an urban class certainly in these locations certainty played a role in developing pan-Arab idealogical sympathies, but other factors, unique to Bahrain and Kuwait also commanded influence over the situation. In Kuwait, family and tribal ties with eastern Arabia, a hotbed of nationalist support had acted as a conduit for pan-Arabism to the popular masses, assisted by an open press atmosphere. Members of the House of Al-Sabah were also more to discussing of Arab solidarity, likely a side affect of the prevalence of those sentiments elsewhere in the region. In Bahrain the motives for civilian demonstrations took a more sectarian dimension, unlike those in Kuwait, the Trucial States, Oman and Aden. The ruling family was not native to Bahrain but originated from the Arabian Peninsula and had come to the island as conquerors. Another important divide was the Sunni-orientation of the autocratic political elite over the Bahraini populace, which almost completely adhered to Shia Islamic beliefs. It was no surprise then, that many of the key supporters of the pro-independence and Arab nationalist National Unity Committee, had been Shia religious leaders. Who saw in Arab nationalism, a system which sought to pacify the sectarian motivations which had led to oppression against Shia Muslims. The city of Muharraq, Bahrain's former capital, was a strong centre of popular protests, in which portraits of President Nasser were flaunted by the protestors who chanted slogans such as: 'all the Arabs are behind you, President Nasser!' and 'down, down with colonialism!' As a further sign of solidarity with the United Arab Republic, the protestors nicknamed Muharraq, 'Riyadh', after the Arabian capital that was the site of the 1955 July Revolution. [/sub]

[sub]By the end of January 1956 the National Unity Committee in Bahrain and the wider Arab Trade Union Congress called for strikes across the region. This was thoroughly answered by thousands of workers in the oil and fishing sectors with the aim of paralyzing the leadership into answering the December 1955 declaration in Aden. This action accomplished something that had alluded the past demonstrations, it brought Britain into the popular uprising. The first Foreign Minister of the UAR, Abdel Al-Khaleq Hassouna, called upon a democratic framework to fulfill Arab rights of self determination. In a meeting with the British Ambassador in Cairo, he reiterated this by saying: "It is the best that our two cordial nations seek to respect the democratic processes in the Arab Gulf and end the crisis on this understanding." A solution that would relieve the anger of the Gulf Arab's, would need to be reached in order to resolve the 'Gulf Crisis', or as it was dubbed in UAR newspapers, the 'Eastern Uprising' or Intifadha. Talks in the city of Alexandria began between Cairo and London at an accelerated pace, largely due to the close relationship between both governments. However, Britain still needed for theoretically consider the needs of its royal Gulf clients and therefore could not unilaterally withdraw without a precedent or political mandate. It was decided that such a mandate will be the results of independence referendums within the territories in question, with further guarantees of the safety of members of the respective rulers of said territories. Only then could a withdrawal be conducted. Furthermore, the responsibility of the required post-referendum political transition would belong to the Arab's themselves, not the British, and would serve as a platform for London to quickly detangle itself should the situation further destabilize. Nasser was simultaneously hosting members of the Arab Trade Union Congress in Jeddah, reaffirming his commitment to their political platform and pressuring its leadership to proclaim new Republican regimes as quickly as possible, even if that needed to be done in exile. The goal of this was not to create a truly binding institution, but add pressure on the Gulf monarchies and inflame nationalist sentiment beyond its present state in preparation for the referendums. The situation in the Arab Gulf would mirror the post-colonial situation of the British Raj. Namely the secession of small principalities to the newly founded political entities. For many of less significant state's of the area, namely in South Arabia and the Trucial States, the local powers delivered the documents expressed willingness to join the United Arab Republic even before the referendums were scheduled in mid-March 1955. The circumstances for this to occur was likely that these Sheikhs and Emir's saw that the writing was on the wall for and feared a repeat of the implosion of the Saudi Monarchy by any pro-Nasser elements amongst their tribal allies. Nasser, already dealing with an insurrection of Saudi and Wahhabist loyalists in Arabia, was himself wishing to avoid any clashes further East, and thereby made a clear point by allowing the Royal families to retain their possessions in exchange for giving up all their political influence. [/sub]

[sub]Kuwait was officially acceded to the United Arab Republic on March 1st. As a consequence for their more modernist leanings, many members of the Al-Sabah family would form key positions in the fledgling local administration, upon recommendation of Nasser himself, who saw Kuwait's relative openness and liberalism as a model for the other territories to replicate. In Abu Dhabi, joint proclamations from the independence movements declared themselves victorious in the polls. As the token British troop presence withdrew, a 'Republic of the Gulf' or Khaleej was declared as a joint enterprise between Bahrain, Qatar and the Trucial States. The Arab Trade Union Congress, whose affiliates were leading in political developments in this new Republic, insisted that these territories be represented jointly, as a means to increase their political weight for when they joined the United Arab Republic. Both the Gulf Republic and a South Arabian Republic, propped up by an new UAR troop presence in Aden, joined the UAR on March 5th. In Oman, the transition would take a more volatile form. Oman was one of the most politically developed out of all the former-British protectorates, with an extensive tradition of governance as a Sultanate. Tribal unrest in the region of Dhofar due to disagreements over the distribution of the countries limited economic wealth, in addition to the exit of its main benefactor, the British, had severely damaged its ability to resist the inevitable political change. The Jabal Akhdar mountains still provided a formidable geographic barrier which isolated the ruling Al-Busaidi's dynasty, unlike the flat arid plains which connected the other territories to Arabia, and thus Nasser understood that he will need to make concessions in order to fully facilitate Oman's entry into the UAR. A proposed merger between South Arabia and Oman with a capital in Muscat, and reassurances on the integration of some individuals of Royal blood into the new administrations, would see the Al-Busaidi's under Sa'id Ibn Taimur agree to accept unification. Internal dynastic pressures to see Oman free from European control on behalf of some younger princes, especially Prince Qaboos, would also play a role in securing Sa'id's agreement. Yet it can also be argued that all these leaders had little choice. The nation which had shielded their power from external threats was in the process of biding farewell to that arrangement, political pressures from idealistic young princes and political fronts had been unrelenting and Nasser's successes in Arabia certainly made rejecting unity an unsavoury option. The old order was being swept away, as the complex political maneuvers, balancing personal interests with popular emotions had led to the extension of the UAR further into the Gulf. This was not without its limitations. The nature of Arab Gulf secession to the UAR still meant that the Royal House would retain a secure comfortable lifestyle, just without a meaningful political title. It was a convenient caveat for both parties, Nasser and the Royals. For the former it allowed the Royal Houses to step aside and let the popular will take place without comprising the stability of consolidating the new UAR regions. For the latter it provided a justifiable reason to give up political influence yet retain the benefits of rulership in the form of quality of life. In addition to facilitating an avenue for their own family to still have a degree of influence in the new administrations. In the UAR itself, this was to be marketed as a great victory for the Arab nationalist movement against the declining age of colonialism. Praises naturally came from government officials and popular demonstrations themselves, welcoming a new and free Arab Gulf. [/sub]

[/list][/list]

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz

Peru Tribune

"Your Reliable Source of Peruvian News since 1921."

January 20th, 1958 Edition

Tribal Amazonian Army Base Established

[list]Today, it was announced that a military base was built in the outskirts of Iquitos, Peru for training the indigenous peoples of Peru for military service. unlike other parts of the military, these troops shall be trained in guerilla warfare and unarmored military weapons. This military base was established over concerns over Ecuadorian interests in the area. One key detail about this military base is that it will not house any armored units or aircraft, due to its location in an area where vehicles would have difficulty and where the land is too densely forested to make low-flying aircraft effective. One of the issues that have been discussed by critics is that, until the highway being built to Iquitos is completed, all supplies and equipment for the base would need to be shipped by river to the military base. As an incentive for the natives to sign up to the military, the Peruvian government has promised to establish an indigenous peoples reserve in the Amazon by 1970, if enough of them sign up for military service. The Peruvian government has set up a guaranteed salary of 2,400 Sol per year and is providing housing and food to involved military personnel and their families as an additional incentive. The military officials of Peru have mostly supported this move; however, some have expressed concerns that Peru is spending a lot of money on a sparsely populated area in Peru.[/list]

Peru Officially Separates Peruvian Spanish from Spanish

[list]The Peruvian government has officially declared the Peruvian dialect of Spanish as Peru's official national language. The largest reason cited for this has been to take the authority over the languages of Peru out of foreign hands. The University of Peru has been declared the default authority over the Peruvian language. Latin and English have been added as national languages as a means of promoting the Catholic Church and relations with the United States. These actions are being taken in order to improve Peru; however, many critics voiced opinions against the moves, taking that they think those actions are too extreme. Many non-Catholics have expressed concerns over the inclusion of Latin as an national language.[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

January 1958

Election Results

Overview

Across French West Africa the people came forward to not only cast their votes on new local politicians but also on their status within a future Greater Malian Federation once March 1958, came and independence was granted.

Togoland

Running on a campaign of personal and national redemption Sylvanus Olympio and the Party of Togolese Unity secured 53% of the vote, and the other 47% was split between different independent candidates from various local provinces and tribal ethnic groups. 65% of Togolese voters voted for full independence, while 30% voted to join the Malian Federation and a final 5% did not vote on the matter, or circled the did not know the option. While many left-wing critics and outside observers decried the election for its suppression of communists and left-wing voters, the results were accepted by local authorities, and the new government was allowed to begin preparations for independence.

Dahomey

The Dahomey-Togolese Bush War had sparked a new rise of nationalism, monarchism and patriotism within the constituent state of Dahomey. The Party for Dahomey Freedom managed to crush it's opposition with a 73% vote lead. The Party of Togolese WorkerÂ’s suffering major suppression and allegations of ties to rebels only managed a 20% vote margin. The final 7% was divided between independents. After the victory in the Bush War and Malian failures during the war, 87% of voters said absolute independence was desired, while 10% voted to unify with Mali, and the final 3% were unsure.

Ivory Coast

The Jewel of West Africa, the Ivory Coast was a state few expected to surprise and even fewer expected to join the Malians at large. Economically prosperous, and ethnically harmonious, the Democratic Party managed to win out with 65% of the vote beating the Ivory Coast Liberation Front who only managed to ascertain 25% of the vote. The final 10% went to the Free Market Party who managed to win over weather patrons, but failed to appeal to the populace at large. On the side of voting on it's future more than 60% of voters desired full independence, while only 30% wanted direct rule under Mali, and a final 10% unsure.

Mali

The most complicated and contentious election in recent memory, the Malian election results were anticipated by every party across the union. Votes were counted and states were recounted but finally on January 17th, the results were announced. In 1st and with a narrow victory of 43% The Sorel-Keïta Party, in 21% the Bonapartists, 16% the Traditionalist Party, 15% The Socialist Party, and 5% the Tuareg Autonomous People’s Party.

89% of people voted for the formation of a Malian Imperial Federation, and 11% Against. 76% of people favored a monarchy, 20% Against, 4% unsure.

Teujira, Val Verde-, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Anglo Channel, Teymour

[list]MAY 1956

RAS AL-KHAIMAH, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

THE ARAB POLITICAL AWAKENING - CONSOLIDATING THE ARAB EAST[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"In the year 1819 the East India Company thought they could disrespect the Arabs of the Gulf, they thought they could interfere in our affairs and benefit from conquering us. So they came with their ships, their cannons and their soldiers to Ras Al-Khaimah. And they shelled it until it was consumed in fire. Can you think of what would happen if a foreign army sought to harm the Ras Al-Khaimah of today? The entire Arab nation will erupt in fury and rush to defend their compatriots! The world has changed greatly. Now the reality for colonialism is very miserable. It is besieged on all fronts and is in retreat, furthermore, all the nationÂ’s of the world are condemning it! In their final act, the colonizers plotted our demise in Palestine. They thought the Arabs will never be able to recover from the humiliation and catastrophe of 1948. Day and night they prayed that our resolve be destroyed and that our dreams be turned into dust! "[/sub]

[sub]"We all saw what the masses chanted in Bahrain, in Aden, in the Khaleej and in Kuwait. Do you think a nation whose resolve is broken could have undertook what these heroes have accomplished? Our will is not broken! We are on the path of consolidating ourselves from the tutelage of corrupt and self-absorbed leaders! We are waking up and realizing that through the United Arab Republic we are powerful! All those in the [Arabian] Peninsula, Egypt and the Arab Gulf are beginning to realize the importance of unity it provides, and of protecting it so that one day, the entire Arab nation is liberated! Could the ArabÂ’s of the colonial period have foreseen what we have achieved together? It would have been impossible! This is simply a testament to how we have reshaped our destiny and our society. We could have remained on the path of disunity, of greed and tyranny, but we said: no!"[/sub]

[sub]"No to Arab suffering, no to the divisive poison of regionalism! From Cairo, to Jeddah, to the Arab east and Damascus, down with colonialism, down with colonialism, down with colonialism! We have raised our banner: our banner of struggle and of national unity. The people of the Arab Gulf stand with the entire Arab nation in reiterating what is inscribed on this holy banner, the message of independence and of undertaking the mission of Arabism! The hopes of all of us are tied to your prosperity and triumph over your opponent. You have fought bravely for every oasis, every grain of sand and every palm grove on behalf of all of us. God willing, you will receive the fruits of this victory, a victory that has be recorded in the exalted epochs of history!"[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[/list]

[list][list][sub]The Eastern Uprising had been great public victory for the cause of pan-Arabism, adding a level of validity to the leadership of Jamal Abdel Nasser and the Republican Party unlike any previous Arab leader. Nasser would use the occasion to continue posing as the public face of Arab nationalist ideals, national dignity and the Middle East's main anti-colonial statesman by paying a visit the UAR's newest regions. It would be in Ras Al-Khaimah, a city whose history is scarred heavily by its violent conquest by the East India Company, that the President delivered one of but many rousing speeches. The man's charisma was well known and revered in the Arab world, one can even assume, that the masses expected an excellent and memorable performance on his behalf. This mentality was not lost on Nasser who sought to connect to the people through a means beyond standard oration. Thus, it would be photography, a personal hobby of Nasser, that would lead the President across the Arab Gulf, visiting small communities and bustling cities alike while carrying out his passion. Hundreds queued and jostled with each other to be included in this activity, seeing it as a great honour to be in the President's photo album. His aides would comment on the unconventionality of the technique, however it was succeeding, for the customs of traditional leadership in Arab culture demanded a close personal connection between the leader and his subjects, something Nasser's 'man of the people' stance would need to emulate. This was well timed, as Nasser was keen to introduce new reforms, such as abandoning the colonial-era Rupee currency in favour of the Dinar in addition to regional elections for the Higher Arab Council. The euphoria that surrounded his visit therefore can largely be seen in the context of further consolidating support for such reforms and also to ensure the stable situation required to successfully execute them. [/sub]

[sub]This stability was being questioned however with unrest in South Arabia. The UAR government had sought to avoid this situation, by balancing the safety of the traditional hereditary leaderships with the goals of popular nationalist sentiment. The ultimate goal of this was to avoid a clash between these two forces, as was seen in the July 1955 Revolution and the insurgency it produced. While the strategy of quietly making the old leadership clients of the Arab nationalist cause had succeeded in Kuwait and the Khaleej, it had faced rejection in South Arabia, with traditional authorities citing centralization efforts as the cause of their revolt. One of them being, the Imamate of Oman, based in Nizwa and ruling over much of the Jabal Akhdar highlands which had rallied around Imam Ghalib Al-Hina'i. Oman had historically been divided between two distinct entities, a Sultanate based in Muscat which possessed nominal authority over an Imamate based in the interior regions. The 1920 Treaty of Al-Sib reaffirmed this status-quo, however the agreement of Muscat's rulers to adhere to local Arab nationalist protest, came to challenge the autonomy of the Imamate. As Nasser was unwilling to acknowledge that such an agreement excluded the territory of the Imamate, or that Nizwa should have any special autonomy within the South Arabia Region. On May 6th 1955, a token force of the United Arab Armed Forces, which was in reality a mere rebrand of the Sultan's auxiliary forces, shelled Nizwa and occupied it, causing the Imam and his followers to flee and initiate a campaign of guerrilla resistance from the rough terrain of the Al-Hajar region. These events replicated themselves in the labyrinth of the Upper Yafa mountains, which clung to the North Yemeni border and hosted the Sha'ib, Maflahi, Mawsata, Al-Dubi, Al-Busi and Hadhrami sheikhdoms. The leadership of these principalities, which had only been under the titular control of the central government in Aden also chose to reject the Eastern Uprising and resist the UAR's presence. The sheikhdoms of the remainder of the former Aden Protectorate, which were more integrated with urban-based political agencies., would thus be called upon to lead the campaign against this rebellion. [/sub]

[sub]Both these instances of unrest would showcase the fragility of the UAR's presence in the Arab Gulf and how it is very much in its infancy. The terrain in these theatres of conflict would require the heavy involvement of air squadrons to quell enemy formations, which are themselves largely relegated to the crevices and gorges that intersect the elevated spaces of the area. Both these limiting factors would likely dictate the small-scale, yet prolonged nature of these engagements, a fact that is reflected in the military leaderships predictions that these insurgencies would continue until at least mid-1958. The goal of formulating a pan-Arab union had thus bought Nasser three new conflicts, in Arabia, in Oman and in Upper Yafa, which is perhaps the President's most longstanding setback in his largely-spectacular career. But nonetheless, he can continue to rely on popular support from a majority of the local societies, which is further evidenced with the general isolation of these insurgencies and their instigation by absolutist hereditary systems of governance, not by the convictions of a majority. [/sub]

[/list][/list]

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz

[list][sup]FEBRUARY 10TH 1958[/sup]

USSR VOWS TO CREATE ONE OF THE WORLDS FIRST MINICOMPUTERS BY 1960. [/list]

___

[sup]MOSCOW, RUSSIAN SFSR, USSR[/sup]

___

| Today in a speech on the Red Square General Secretary Mikoyan spoke on the great importance of Cybernetics and technology in regards to the progress of socialism in the USSR and the world abroad, and after that announced recent achievements made by cyberneticists in the USSR. Specifically achievements by Victor Glushkov. The General Secretary announced that the Soviet Institute of Cybernetics in Moscow and other Cybernetic based organizations would be working on the creation of one of the world's first single-user computers, dubbed the MIR it would function as a serial computer for engineering calculations. Intentionally designed to be mass producible, and used in a variety of different situations, like for instance educational institutions, engineering bureaus, scientific organizations and other calculation based jobs. |

| Some of the unique features planned for the MIR is a hardware-implemented machine language. Such a thing would allow the computer to do very specific tasks through commands designed to be easily understood by a computer. The number system would be a binary-decimal, Numbers could be represented as signed decimal, decimal, and floating point integers. Actions can be performed with numbers of arbitrary length, it would only be limited by the memory size of 4096 characters. The machine was supplied with a Soemtron electric typewriter for input and output of information at a speed of 7 characters per second for optimal efficiency. The machine would be controlled by firmware, and this firmware would make it possible to greatly raise the complexity level of the MIR machine language and bring it to a high-level programming language which would be very efficient for the Computers use. The MIR would be used as the backbone of Kitov and Glushkov's automated economics concept, now known as OGAS. The computer would have to be continually upgraded and improved as time went on, so the MIR would be designed to be an efficient backbone for future upgrades without causing much issue. |

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| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

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Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][sup]FEBUARY 15TH 1958[/sup]

THE USSR STANDS AGAINST IMPERIALISM, AND ALL THAT SUPPORT IT! [/list]

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[sup]MOSCOW, RUSSIAN SFSR, USSR[/sup]

___

| Deep in the USSR the General Secretary was getting fed up with statements by the United Arab Republic. They proclaimed themselves the ultimate anti-colonialists, supposedly working to tear down the old imperialist system in the middle east and replacing it with an Arab world united by one anti imperialist message. Despite all this they willingly cooperate with the Americans, British and French. In violation of their so called "anti-imperialism" doctrines. Mikoyan would deliver the speech in the Kremlin Senate with the message being broadcast all over the world. |

[list]"As the General Secretary walked into view of the Camera and stood in front of a podium"[/list]

[list]| General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan" "Imperialism. Colonialism. It is a scourge on the lives of many around the world even as decolonization continues. In Algeria, Algerians remain oppressed by the French, who refuse to give them freedom, refuse to release their iron clad grip on their homeland. In West Germany, Germans experience imperialism every day. Deprived of their workers rights and continually abused by an American Backed Franco-British Terror. In the Kongo natives are routinely denied basic human rights, and are not even treated like Humans, what would you expect from 'Stoiniks', relics of a bygone age when Tsars ruled Russia. In Latin America, the United States routinely overthrows regimes that promise their people their rights as workers, as human beings. Especially the United Fruit Company, the right hand man of the American menace. In Angola and Mozambique native africans are refused freedom and workers rights by the decrepit Portuguese state, who refuse to decolonize and continue to prove their nation is an ancient relic, from a time when the spice trade was the most important trade there was." | [/list]

[list]He clears his throat and continues[/list]

[list]| General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan" "However. A place where you will not find a nation afflicted by imperialism, or colonialism is the United Arab Republic. Although Mr. Nasser would like you to believe it was his doing that caused that, it in fact is not. Look to the UAR and you will not find a nation afflicted by Imperialism, but an inflictor of it. Despite the United Arab Republic's very lengthy and wordy stands against 'colonialism' they are funded by the Americans, the British and the French. Despite Mr. Nasser's frequent speeches on how 'he alone vanquished colonialism in the middle east', the United Arab Republic did not earn its freedom. It was merely elevated as another head of the Imperialist-Capitalist Hydra. Look to the Suez to see the truth of my words. Did the Egyptians take the Suez Canal from the British, as it was their rightful land? No, they were given the Suez by the British in an exchange. Now why would a nation that is supposedly anti imperialist be conducting deals with imperialists. There is only one answer to that question my friends. Capitalism is a Hydra, and it has FOUR heads. America, Britain, France and now the United Arab Republic. We must all strike at the heart of this capitalist imperialism to vanquish it. We do not negotiate with Imperialists, we do not recognize Imperialists, and we do not. make. peace. with. Imperialists! I call to all socialist states around the world from Berlin to Pyongyang, follow the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in denouncing and rescinding diplomatic recognition of the United Arab Republic. Thank you, people of the truly free socialist world, and goodnight." |[/list]

[list]The message would shut off as the crowd he was delivering the speech to would erupt in applause.[/list]

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| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

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Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Americaa, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]Economic Reforms of the new Persian Republic

[sup]1951-1953,1953-PRESENT[/sup][/list]

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| With the installation of Mohammad Mosaddegh as the Prime Minister of Iran (now called Persia), and the rise of both the National Front and Tudeh Parties in the subsequent elections in the same year of 1951, Persia was on a sure path of leftist reforms and positive change for the whole nation. Both parties encouraged mass demonstrations against any political opposition opposed to any pro-worker reforms, and even helped organize labor strikes on a national level. Mosaddegh's administration, otherwise known as the Cabinet of Ministers or the 'Round Table' was formed both of political figures and academics from local Persia and Persians returning home from the West in support of the new, progressive-centered government that has formed. In fact, demonstrations erupted in Tehran after Mosaddegh's appointment, with crowds further invigorated by the speeches of members from the National Front. There was a special focus on the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the heavy involvement of foreign actors and influences in Iranian affairs. Along with support from the Tudeh Party, another progressive-focused party in the Majilis, both the executive branch and the legislative branch were able to heavily cooperate to pass reforms and legislation and push for fast-implementation of passed-policies past bureaucratic red-tape and resistance from monarchists. These are some of the reforms passed. |

-------------

[list]|Mosaddegh's government aimed to pass numerous reforms to put the republic on the path towards the full-leftist government, and the maximum benefits towards to the entire population, and that meant political battles with the powers that be. Luckily for the government, there was a majority of public support for Mosaddegh's social and economic reforms, as they were much needed for more local communities. The progressive government understood the challenges to get the more local and rural regions to reform with the more populated centers such as Tehran and Mashhad. So, cooperation with local councils and decentralization of policy implementation was the solution. Local city and village councils were empowered with financial resources, and the establishment of Provincial Councils as the government bodies for each of Persia's 31 provinces. Direct coordination was becoming easier, and encouragement of participation in the new Persian democratic process has become easier for local officials.|

| One of the biggest goals for National Economy Minister Pascal Zand was land reform, a bill that would both eliminate the usage of forced financial labor by landowners on indebted peasants, and the forcing landlords to turn over 20% of their revenues to their tenants. These revenues could be placed in a fund to pay for development projects such as public baths, rural housing, and pest control. The goal of Zand's major reform Act was to both present the opportunity of economic mobility and choice of labor for the population, something that was relatively foreign to the now rapidly developing Persia. Choice in career was now backed with the free availability of public education K-12. Additionally, the foundations of firm communities and localities were also supported in the official Land Reform Act, again giving more power to tenants and residents, rather than landlords. Another progressive step for the rights of the many in Persia. |

| One major policy reform that Mosaddegh passed through executive order was the implementation of social safety nets in response to economic challenges for individuals and the population at large, main unemployment compensation and tax breaks. Unemployment compensation can in a 2-step form: physical monetary support for those who lose employment, and a 'lets get back to work' program for those able to work and without work for over a minimum of 2 and 1/2 weeks. Encouragement of work was not the only necessity, so a national program of re-education for specific jobs that require basic skills one cannot learn in regular public school was established. The national gov't would sponsor re-education apprenticeships and schooling for up to 6-months maximum. As a result, many more Persian have sought out work in fields they were unable to reach, such as mechanics, electricians, accountants, and so on. Putting Persians to work AND supporting that work was necessary for the new Republic of Persia. |[/list]

| Additionally, Mosaddegh's new government aimed to create a solid form of relations with Persia's main neighbor: Teujira. As Mosaddegh's government aimed to create a more leftist government, of course, the main ally would be the Soviet Union. As a sign of support and friendship, Persia has bought a substantial amount of industrial and construction equipment from the USSR, to aid in the massive construction projects the Republic has to fuel both local economies and putting Persians to work. The start of Persia's recognition on the world stage starts locally.|

[list][list][sup]PogChamp[/sup][/list][/list]

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

Africa Addio

March 3rd, 1958

”This journey in which we had begun on October 27th, 1895, with the formation of the colony of French West Africa has officially come to an end. It has been decided by parliament and, that the time of colonialism has ended for West Africa, we believe wholeheartedly in the leadership ability of Louis Lansana Beavogui of the Malian Imperial Federation, Félix Houphouët-Boigny of the Republic of the Ivory Coast, and Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin of the Kingdom of Dahomey. We hope that these new states will go on to be shining beacons of liberty, and freedom for all of Africa, a shining beacon of hope and prosperity in a region rife with conflict and injustices. We in the French Union will always stand behind our African brothers offering a helping hand, and our advice for these young nations stepping their way into a new world. Viva La France and Viva La West Africa.” - Charles De Gaulle, Conference of Dakar, 1958

The bells of freedom have finally rung throughout West Africa. Men and women cheered in the streets knowing that their long-awaited independence had been achieved. In taverns, village meeting halls, and even on the radio, people read off De Gaulle’s proclamation. For better or for worse these people were now independent. In Mali, Modibo Keïta was named the First Emperor of the Malian Imperial Federation with a coronation day set for later in the year. President Louis began forming a cabinet and new buildings were rushed to completion in Timbuktu, as parliament entered session temporarily in Dakar.

In the Ivory Coast, the mood was more somber. Holding a close relationship to the motherland many citizens still wondered about the future of the state and region as a whole. Men still went to work, women still took care of the kids, and overall life continued as normal in the Ivory Coast. Preferential treatment was still sought out and given to French citizens and companies, a final parting gift for their years of graceful colonization.

In the Kingdom of Dahomey, the King and Prime Minister delivered rousing speeches to the citizens of the nation. The loss of France would not stop the destruction of the communists in the bushland if anything it would continue now and even further as now the people of Dahomey had a patriotic duty to end the communist threat, with continued French support.

Finally, in Togo the mood was rather sour. French and Malian soldiers had been invited by President Sylvanus Olympio as the threat of a renewed communist uprising could destabilize the new regime, and capitulate the one-party state. People still protested for new elections and for Olympio to step down, and these demands were met with crackdowns, as the state in Togoland was dire and volatile.

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Teymour

[list]

[sup]MARCH, 1958[/sup]

[sup]INIZIATIVA INCONTRO ESTERO.[/sup]

-

FOREIGN OUTREACH INITIATIVE

[sub]ROME, ITALIAN REPUBLIC — MORNING[/sub]

____

[/list]

| It had been almost 13 years since World War 2 ended, Italy, then a kingdom, was in ruins, its economy in shambles and the side it was fighting with demolished. At that point, it was clearly time for a new era and a new direction, its name had been tarnished after fighting with the Germans, so it was clear this was the path. Italy become a republic, and ousted the King in a referendum, it was to be the first of many changes. Alcide De Gasperi became Prime Minister after the first elections and he would lead Italy through the turmoil of post war Italy, helping its economy recover and overseeing rebuilding while under a complex geopolitical chess game between the Soviet Union and the United States with nuclear weapons being the pawns. Gasperi, handled this quite well until his death. Giuseppe Pella would be fundamentally more ambitious then Gasperi, aiming to not only grow the economy but create a miracle, which he did successfully do, with the miracle continuing even now. In terms of foreign affairs, Italy was on the quieter side, however, with well over a decade passing since World War 2 it was thought it was time for Italy to take a more prominent role in global affairs. |

| Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella announced in Rome during a press conference of his new Foreign Outreach Initiative that aimed to thrust Italy into the forefront of global affairs in an effort to increase trade globally and within Europe itself. Pella himself would aim to visit as many nations as possible to conduct affairs, but his Minister of Foreign Affairs would supplement, especially to areas that are far away from Italy such as the Far East and South America. These events would not only bring Italy into the spotlight, but also highlight its new forward thinking, technologically advanced attitude, with the new Agusta AZ.8L airliner transporting its leaders to destinations in Europe while the Breda-Zappata BZ.101 would take its leaders to more overseas destinations in the Americas, Africa and Asia. The following list was sent out to various nations requesting meetings to discuss a wide variety of topics from trade, relations and more. |

[list]

FRANCE (Czabalkia)

EGYPT (Teymour)

PERSIA (Central Arstotzka)

PERU (Lux Lumen)

USA (Americaa)

SWEDEN (Kiger)

JAPAN (Arcanda)

SYRIA (Otsla)

[/list]

| Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella privately remarked that the meeting with the French was the most important and urgent to ensuring ItalyÂ’s economic recovery and bolstering of its overseas relationships. |

[list]____

[/list]

Central Arstotzka, Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, The Republic Of Choline

[list]JUNE — AUGUST 1956

SAKAKA, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

OUT WITH THE OLD & IN WITH THE NEW[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][list][sub]When Jamal Abdel Nasser gave his first address as an Egyptian statesman, none could have predicted the sudden speed at which his pan-Arab vision transferred from political theory into political practice. For the creation of the UAR in September 1955 was no easy process, nor was it incredibly likely from the onset. It's very existence was itself dependent on chance, some will even say extraordinary luck. From the unexpected assassination of Egypt's first President, Rashid Qaddab, by a lone Islamist gunman, to the rise of Nasser and the subsequent political infighting which led to the implosion of the Saudi Kingdom: all these singular events played equally relevant roles in the establishment of the United Arab Republic. A state that is barely 10 months old and is thus very much in the stage of infancy. The ease of its consolidation varies dramatically, as while it relies on widespread public support and sympathy for Arab unity, combatting the remnants of the political establishments that had been displaced through Arab nationalist activity, remains a towering reality. In Arabia, a Saudi loyalist insurgency, led by the Wahhabist Mujahideen tribesmen of the former Monarchy, had entered a new, more direct stage of confrontation. The area in which this insurrection operates, a space largely relegated to northern Nejd, is vast, sparsely populated largely by Bedouin tribal communities and lacks the adequate infrastructure needed to undertake large scale military actions. These limiting actors affected both the loyalists and the United Arab Armed Forces in a dramatic sense. For the former, it meant focusing activities against isolated checkpoints and garrisons and retreating in the face of superior forces. This meant that the Wahhabists were choosing their battles carefully, conserving resources and thereby drawing out the conflict. This was not lost on Arab nationalist forces, who quickly began to depend on air power, a key advantage over their enemy. Key officers in the former Saudi airforce had been staunch supporters of the July 1955 Revolution and thus both operating airfields and the physical aircraft themselves had remained beyond the reach of the Mujahideen. Furthermore, the former Egyptian Airforce had used the space between September and January to establish a presence in Arabia, changing the balance of power in northern Nejd. The resulting dynamic is the elevated status of the Airforce to a pivotal position in Arab military doctrine. And furthermore, a mechanism that the Army could confidently rely upon in a battle space such as the vast arid deserts of Arabia, for reconnaissance and swift responses. Results from the battlefield to further back up the Airforces preeminence, continue to contribute to such a collaborative dynamic. For instance, a Wahhabist attack on the oasis of Sakaka in early June 1956 was repulsed from the air while the exposed terrain also allowed the airforce to harass the retreating loyalists with impunity. The news would come at great timing. The United Arab Armed Forces remain currently embroiled in a low-level conflict within the Omani interior and in Upper Yafa, thus the news of the victory at Sakaka inspired a newfound confidence and morale. It also was a key step in demonstrating that the United Arab Republic had the ability to hold on to a rural location, which had generally collective as havens of loyalist activity as Republican forces remained largely limited to their urban strongholds up to this point. The local military leadership in the area, and the forces under it's authority, were also carefully drawn from both Egyptian and Peninsular Arabs, designed to dampen down regionalism in military planning and execution as well as allowing joint collaboration on the command and troop levels, an arrangement that was also bolstered by the loyalist defeat. However, this tsunami of confidence would engulf far more than the forces fighting on the ground and the air. It would play a role in beginning a major change from within. [/sub]

[sub]Owing to his status in the widespread political emotions of the Arab World, President Nasser was looking for an opportunity to free his government of military influence. The interference of the military establishment in civilian politics long precedes both Nasser's Presidency and the United Arab Republic, finding its roots in the Republican Revolution which ended the Egyptian Monarchy and created the Republic. Even before his assassination, Rashid Qaddab had attempted to limit the army's influence by introducing a class of business oligarchs during the 'Party and Nation Revolution'. Yet this ultimately failed when Nasser's Republican Party ended the state's relationship with private business interests. Thus the military remained in its powerful position, showing the extent of its authority during the chaotic interval of the Al-Hashemi Presidency and demonstrating a lackluster attitude towards informing the civilian leadership of critical subjects such as regarding Sudan. A hubris of impunity had clearly developed in the highest military ranks, manifesting in a self perception in which the state should be 'thankful' that the army had 'permitted' it to even exist. Despite soliciting support from the military leadership towards the pan-Arab project, Nasser remained disturbed and taunted by this culture and the difficulties it presented with regard to consolidating the UAR. Furthermore, the President wanted to tap into a new generation of younger military leaders who had been educated by the United States and France in modern doctrinal theories, as well as integrate the less-politically influential Arabian military leadership. The Minister of Defence, Ali Maher Al-Kuzbari and the Agency Executive of FATA, Ayash Al-Adel, had been the main instigators of the army's involvement in political affairs, however they both represented an establishment whose influence had waned over the army. The events at Sakaka and an popular endearment towards Nasser, both as the creator of the UAR and as a war hero, had provided the first major questioning of the army's superiority hubris from the lower ranks. Knowing this, Nasser moved to fully capitalize on such an opportunity, holding a secret meeting, when both Al-Kuzbari and Al-Adel had been sent to Sudan, in which he appointed Colonel General Sa'ad Al-Shezly as Minister of Defence and Faris Al-Sherbel as FATA's Agency Executive. The decision was based on Al-Shezly's participation as a junior officer in the 1948 Palestine War, in which he composed a critique of how Egyptian commanded executed the conflict, detailing a lack of coordination in combination with the prevalence of vague orders, as the main factors of the Arab defeat. It was this critical understanding of the state of the army that made Al-Shezly an attractive candidate as Minister of Defence and as an individual willing to address shortcomings, while his predecessors suppressed such discussions. For his part, Al-Sherbel was a long serving member of FATA meaning he was already established as a loyal and experienced individual. What further distinguished him was his initiative to establish a private correspondence with Rashid Qaddab and then Jamal Abdel Nasser, expressing his opposition to Al-Adel's managing of the agency. [/sub]

[sub]Both individuals were more flexible with supporting the efforts of internal Arab collaboration that Nasser was attempting, which poses a critical step in furthering the goal of disintegrating regionalist mentalities in the United Arab Armed Forces. Upon the conclusion of this meeting. Al-Kuzbari and Al-Adel would be immediately summoned back to Cairo by Nasser, unknowing that they had been replaced, both men were swiftly detained in Ministry of Defence upon arrival. Nasser, unwilling to risk seeing the involvement of any pro-Al-Kuzbari armed force in this endeavour, desired that these developments remain unknown and out of sight of the remainder of the army. He, alongside Interior Minister Mohammed Najib, deemed that the rest of the army would be informed of the changes on on June 21st, which was the following day. The news of such stirred little protest, which ensured a stable transfer of internal power. With that, the UAR government was now free to undergo the necessary reforms required to fully create a unified army. With the arrival of August, Al-Shezly facilitated a meeting between his Ministry and representatives of the Arab Atomic Program, to discuss the means in which Atomic research can be supported. The process of such research had begun with sending Egyptian Arab nuclear scientists to observe the French nuclear program, the establishment of the Ittihad-1 Reactor and the return of the renowned Nuclear physicist Sameera Mousa to Egypt. By August 1956, upon recommendation of the meeting between the Ministry of Defence and the Atomic Program, Arab Scientists, begun translating the scientific works and blueprints of both French and former-Nazi Scientists who worked on the French Program, into Arabic. Although the official language used to describe the Egyptian, now UAR nuclear program was one of a peaceful tone, it was understood by leading figures such as Sameera Mousa and Nasser, that full security could only be ensured via the possession of nuclear weapons. Indeed, the talent of domestic scientists, access to a wide pool of foreign Nuclear research, the possession of a civilian reactor and the covert supply of the required technology from France and Uranium from Kongo, meant that this covert research had been progressing an accelerated space. [/sub][/list][/list]

Central Arstotzka, Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz

[list][sup]FEBUARY 15TH 1958[/sup]

THE GHOST OF PAST REGRETS [/list]

___

[sup]MOSCOW, RUSSIAN SFSR, USSR[/sup]

___

|Mikoyan had just finished his speech calling out imperialism, and the hypocrisy of the United Arab Republic. he is retiring to his office, to drink and relax after the stress of such an important speech. |

[list]"Anastas Mikoyan walked into his office, gazing at the wood paneled walls. He took off his suit coat and threw it onto his desk chair. He then wandered over to an empty part of the wall and pushed on it, opening a secret compartment. He then took out a bottle of Vodka and a glass and poured it in."[/list]

[list]| Unknown Man: "Drinking away your criminal regret are you, Anastas?" | [/list]

[list]The voice sounded familiar. Mikoyan had not heard it in quite a while but he recognized it all the same. [/list]

[list]| General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan: "You again? You aren't real, you're just a hallucination. You died years ago, Beria." |[/list]

[list] It was Lavrentiy Beria. Or at least, a guilt and alcohol induced hallucination of Beria. His responses are influenced by Mikoyan's biases so the hallucination wouldn't exactly act the way Beria did in life.[/list]

[list]| Lavrentiy Beria: "Did you miss me? It's been a while since we've seen each other. Even longer since you and the rest of the Politburo MURDERED me. For crimes you all committed at Stalin's behest. Hypocrites and liars." | [/list]

[list]| General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan: "That's a lie, you were a sexual predator, a terrorist, a traitor, murderer and an anti-communist. The charges were true and undeniable. There was not a single lie in that docu-" |[/list]

[list]The hallucination speed-walked up to him. Looking as real as a man possibly can be.[/list]

[list]| Lavrentiy Beria: "You murdered me because you were hungry for power! You and Khrushchev both! You got rid of his ambitions in the end didn't you? Lucky you took pity on him and just demoted him instead of killing him like ME. All those charges were false and you know it. I was not a traitor, I negotiated peace with the Germans through Bulgaria on Stalin and Molotov's orders! And lets not talk about terrorists here, Anastas. You killed just as much as I did during the Purges. Did you forget your actions in Armenia so easily? How you carried out the death of thousands of fellow Armenians on Stalin's orders? You comfort yourself with the ''''''fact'''''' that you weren't nearly as bad others in the Great Purge, that you are even still to this day helping the victims. But that doesn't hide the fact you carried them out. Oh but I'm sure the widows and widowers of your murdered victims aren't going to care that you're ''''''trying to help them'''''' after murdering their families. After all, it's incredibly easy to console someone so deep in grief. Right Anastas?" | [/list]

[list]Mikoyan looked pained, and deep in thought. His vision was starting to blur and his balance started shifting.[/list]

[list]| General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan: "You aren't real. I saw you die you aren't real Beria I know you're not. GET. OUT. OF. MY. HEAD." |[/list]

[list]Beria smirked and disappeared without saying a word. Mikoyan would then hear a knock on the door and a voice from outside the office.[/list]

[list]| Door Guard: "General Secretary is everything alright? Are you injured?" |[/list]

[list]Mikoyan was startled by this, and slurred out a response.[/list]

[list]| General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan: "I'm alright I'm perfectly fine. I was......I was on the phone with someone. That is all. Return to your post." |[/list]

[list]The guard didn't respond after. The General Secretary's response seemed fine enough to him but something wasn't quite right. The guard wasn't able to hear the exact words being spoken but something felt wrong about that conversation. He couldn't put his finger on what exactly. [/list]

___

| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

___

Central Arstotzka, Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

May 1958

Announcement of Plan Social de 5 Ans

Modibo Keïta in the development of the Sorel-Keïta ideology had long stressed the necessity for social change within the Federation. More than any economic or political change the very social fabric of the Federation needed to be broken and then re-woven together to represent the new path of the nation. To this end Prime Minister Lansana Beavogui announced a 5-year plan to uproot and change laws and establish new social programs to help facilitate this new progress.

------------------------------------- 5 Year Social Program- 58-63

--------------------------------------

1. Expansion of Female Rights, rights in abortion, divorce, and legal and social equality for women.

2. Complete illegalization of the process of female genital mutilation

3. Full legal equality is given to all citizens regardless of race, religion, sexuality, or gender, and to that end sharia courts, and any other religiously based courts are suspended, awaiting full constitutional banishment.

4. Colonial laws regarding sexuality, religion, and the entitlements of ethnic groups or nobility are abolished. Such entitlements to former royal families are to be suspended, and all land confiscated without reparation.

5. Slavery is henceforth abolished, all slaves and their unborn children are given immediate freedom, with no reparation to slaveholders. Slavery will be known as chattel, or wage debt labor

6. Royal lands, and colonial owner lands are transferred into a cooperative style farm with land divided between individual shareholders most of whom will be the oldest and most experienced of those whom worked on the land.

7. Homosexuality is decriminalized, vigilante killings, and honor murders are to be prosecuted as murders.

8. Workers UnionÂ’s are encouraged and protected constitutionally.

9. The worker's bill of rights ensuring work, democratic participation, and self-management to all workers engaged in constitutional unions.

10. Education is a priority of the state, to this end, funding for rural and village education efforts. Ensuring a population literate in African French dialect.

A Minister of Public Affairs, Education, Minority Relations, and Female Rights will be established in the government to ensure the facilitation and carrying out of changes to the social and legal structure.

Signed,

Prime Minister:

Louis Lansana Beavogui

—————————————————

Central Arstotzka, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Teymour

[sub]14 February 1958[/sub]

[sup]Sweden Into Space[/sup]

Swedish government establishes the Swedish Space Research Committee

The last three months have provided the world with some of modern science's greatest achievements; from the launch of the two Sputnik satellites by the Soviet Union to the United States' response in the form of Explorer-1, mankind has been ushered into a new age of space exploration. These developments have spurred numerous European nations into beginning the process of starting their own space programmes. The Swedish scientific community, recognising that Sweden could be left behind internationally, have pressured the government into forming the Swedish Space Research Committee. This committee will be tasked with pursuing two objectives; the development of a national space programme and to ensure Swedish engagement with international projects. Though the establishment of this committee has provoked much excitement within the scientific community and the wider public, those in government recognise that it is unlikely much could be achieved with an already stretched budget. Thus, any national space programme or project would need to be done in co-operation with Sweden's European neighbours, namely the likes of France and Germany who possess the economic power to fund these expensive projects.

Central Arstotzka, Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

March 15, 1958, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. First in the news, the Peruvian government has announced that the design for the future capitol building has been selected. The selected design was a neoclassical style building that is inspired by the designs of capitol buildings in the United States in North America. The Capitol building is being built on San Lorenzo Island, along with a number of other government buildings. San Lorenzo Island has been selected to be the location of a new district of Lima, Peru. This new district will contain the government buildings at the center, with a commercial center and shipping hub in the south and high-income residences in the north. Construction will begin later this year and construction is expected to be completed by 1965. The government has revealed that a portion of the funding, especially for the non-government areas of the new district, is being provided by a number of companies. In other news, the Peruvian government has announced the creation of the Lottery of Riches, a lottery, where Peruvians may purchase lottery tickets with the chance to win millions of Sol. The winner of a lottery is determined by how many persons guess the winning numbers for the lottery, each week. The lottery tickets shall cost 5 Sol each. Will you be lucky enough to win the lottery? The lottery shall begin next month with a jackpot of 10 million Sol. In other news, the Peruvian government has announced the Transparency Act. This new law is aimed at ensuring government transparency. With this new law, the government would be required to make all records, aside from employee credentials and military documents, available to the public. One additional provision within the law, requires that citizen records and credentials, not subject to a lawsuit or criminal investigation, remain confidential. In other news, the government has established the Peruvian Sporting Commission. This commission has been given authority over Peruvian sporting events and has the duty to promote sports in Peru. This commission shall be funded through government funding and through private contributions.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Central Arstotzka, Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]Implementation of Council Democracy

[sup]1953-Present[/sup][/list]

-------------

| With the ousting of the Shah in Persia and the denial for his return opened the pathway for Persian democracy to finally be implemented on a wide scale, free from the interference of the royal family and its supporters. As recent elections solidified the National Front and support Tudeh Party's foothold in the Majilis Legislature, the drafting of a new constitution was in order. Removal of all remnants of royal governance and implementation of democracy on all levels of political life was achievable, and broadly supported by the public. The promises of direct power in the government for each person fueled this support, as many lower class and working Persians never have had the opportunity to have a direct impact on what legally and politically affects their life. At the end of 1953, Mosaddegh's government called forth a Constitutional Convention, drawing in scholars and political minds from across the country to participate in drawing up the new constitution, along with representatives from communities and tribes. Drawing from inspiration from the now legend Karl Marx, and interpreters such as Leon Trotsky and other socialists who advocated for democracy, the Persian constitution aimed to implement direct democracy on the local and workers levels, and delegated democracy to national councils, now broadly called Majles. The Persian Republic was bound to 'the living document of the Persian Constitution', as the modern writers called it. The following is a summary of the new government and its outlines. |

___

[list]|On the local level, the goal was direct democracy, for the workers and community to have direct say in what affects their local affairs. Each designated town, village, city, or other community establishments would have a Forum, in which each resident of the community will have a vote on passing community efforts or actions, accountability of local police forces, directing funds to local projects, and so on. This Forum is also how a Mayor, or Rais for the community to preside over the Forum. The Rais can be voted out and new Forum elections can be called.

|On the provincial level, this is where both forms of direct and delegated democracy are in play. In each Province in Persia, is an established Majles, comprised of a number of members representative of the Province's population, which is accounted for with every national census every 10 years. For a direct representation of the working class and proletariat, each Forum sends a number of representatives to each respective Province Majles, based on Forum membership size, equating with the Province's population. Adding onto this, each registered Union, with over a specific number of members (changes every census), in each Province sends an additional 1 member to their respective Majles. The working-class representation was a priority. Each provincial Majles acts as any legislative body: enacting and levying local taxes, writing and voting on legislation, dividing up funds to specific provincial Departments and Bureaus, regulating provincial affairs, and electing a Satrap. A Satrap, or a Governor, is the leading figure of each province and is the head of each Province's Majles, who must be elected by a 2/3s majority.

|On the national level, is the unicameral legislative organ called the Supreme Majles, or the National Assembly. This body is, again, populated by members from each Province, in which each Provincial Majles elects a number of delegative representatives on a rank-choice voting basis, representative of each Province's population. The Supreme Majles is thus a council, directly responsible to their electors and bound by their instructions using the delegate model of representation, and may accordingly be dismissed from their post at any time or be voted out (recall). Elected representatives must not already be apart of their Provincial Majles, and must be members of communities. The Supreme Majles can make laws, manage the democratic structure of the marketplace, commands control over the military, acts as a co-diplomatic being with Prime Minister, and run public utilities. It is not just an economic-regulatory body, and acts as the nation's government.

|Finally in this summary, is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister, or the First Minister, is a public servant, who is directly voted into office by direct vote from the populace, with each person in the Republic receiving one vote towards the national election. The Prime Minister acts, similar to the Supreme Majles, as a representative of the people and is beholden to their demands. In fact, if a National Petition of No Confidence is enacted and receives enough votes, the PM is effectively removed from office and special elections are held for a replacement. The PM is responsible for signing and officiating laws written by the Supreme Majles, the head diplomat for the Republic, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, enacting executive orders, acting as co-manager for each National Ministry, and overseeing the Executive Council. The Executive Council is a Council in which the heads of each Ministry and the elected leader of each nationally registered Union (over a certain membership number) convene to operate the Ministries and conduct collective labor bargaining with the Ministries, as well as advise the Prime Minister. Ministers that oversee each Ministry are hand-selected by the PM and confirmed by the Supreme Majles. This method of government organization is to effectively provide as much direct representation for the worker and proletariat as possible.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]

[sup]MARCH, 1958[/sup]

[sup]INIZIATIVA INCONTRO ESTERO.[/sup]

-

PRIME MINISTER PELLA VISITS Teymour

[sub]UAR, CAIRO — MORNING[/sub]

____

[/list]

| Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella's first major meeting since the announcement of his Foreign Outreach Initiative occurred in Cairo, with the Prime Minister meeting officials from the United Arab Republic. The United Arab Republic is a mega state of sorts spanning across Juba in the heart of Africa, to Cairo on the Nile Delta and Dubai on other side of the Arabian continent. The UAR is an energy superpower, controlling much of global oil output and reserves as well as containing within it one of the most rapid growing consumer classes, making it a prime target to conduct economic deals. Additionally, the nation has a strong presence in the Mediterranean as well as the Indian Ocean making it a potential security partner. Privately, Pella remarked it was important to get on the UAR's "good side" as it could be an important factor as to whether or not Italy can secure a cheap, consistent supply of oil but also a security partner in the Mediterranean. Following a few days of meetings and talks, a report was released by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs detailing the deals and agreements made. |

[list]

[sup]- UAR WILL PURCHASE 1 AGUSTA AZ.8L[/sup]

[sup]The purchase could potentially lead to additional orders of the Italian designed and built airliner after UAR officials determine its competitiveness and reliability.[/sup]

[sup]- ITALY AND THE UAR SIGN OIL AGREEMENT.[/sup]

[sup]Italy will see a large bulk of its oil and gas supply be fulfilled by Arabian oil companies.[/sup]

[sup]- ITALY AND THE UAR SIGN MEDITERRANEAN SECURITY AGREEMENT.[/sup]

[sup]Italy and Egypt will cooperate on the military and defense front to ensure the security of both nations. Additionally, yearly naval exercises will be held in the Mediterranean between the nations. [/sup]

[sup]- UAR TO ORDER 20 FIAT G.91[/sup]

[sup]Italy sold 20 Fiat G.91's to the UAR at an undisclosed price. The purchase further bolsters the nation's domestic aviation industry as well as the UAR's aerial capabilities. [/sup] [/list]

| Domestically, Prime Minister Pella was praised generally though many more conservative politicians remarked that more economic deals should have been made that would have allowed for more Italian consumer products such as automobiles and fashion products to be exported to the UAR. Pella responded to such criticism stating these initial agreements would be "one of many" and stated that within the coming years more agreements would likely be made on the economic front. He stated that patience was key as well. |

[list]

____

PRIME MINISTER PELLA ARRIVES IN Central_Arstotzka

[sub]THE REPUBLIC OF PERSIA, TEHRAN — MORNING[/sub]

____

[/list]

| Following meetings in Cairo, Prime Minister Pella hopped on his Agusta AZ.8L and traveled to Tehran in Persia. Persia, another energy superpower and upcoming economic force could potentially be a key economic partner and high volume trade partner. Once Pella's planed smoothly landed at the local international airport, He exited the plane and waved to the crowd and waited for whoever was to greet him to arrive. |

Central Arstotzka, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, The Republic Of Choline

"The plan is laid down as law- to equal it is your duty, and to surpass it is the greatest honor."

A soviet propaganda poster, 1955, the start of the Kosygin reforms.

Kosygin was a hardworking man, admired both by Tovarisch Salin, and his successor- Tovarisch Mikoyan. His pragmatic views allowed him to rise high in the party in a short period of time. In the last 6 years, he was assigned to 10 different minister spots, fixing one problem of the Union after another. The quick solution to the food crisis, rapid industry modernization, fight against after-war devastation. And now he was one of the PB of the CC of the CPSU. One of the highest positions possible in the CPSU. But his work was not done yet. GDP growth started to slow down after the post-war years. "working-class heroism" becomes rarer and rarer, and something had to change. And the new authority was just what Kosygin needed. Around March, only a month later after his appointment, he approached Mikoyan with his plan. He was asking for too much. Full authority over 4 ministries for him and his "Committee for the development of perspective cooperatives". On the other hand, Kosygin purposed to improve the most integral part of the USSR's economy- socialist competitions. And Tovarisch General Secretary knew that Kosygin was right. Post-war miracle won't last forever and knowing Kosygin's personality, he probably knew what must be done. With heavy concerns, Anastas placed his signature on the document.

The central task of the 1955 reforms was to beat forgery in plans and provide more appreciation for those who surpass the plan. The first goal was achieved with stricter competition regulations. Many "Socialist Competition Regulatory Commissions" were set all across the country. Their main goal was to observe factories, kolhozes, combinates, or any other workers cooperative. Along with heavy propaganda, reporting your factory for plan forgery became not only honorable but also profitable for the reporter. Anyone in the guilty establishment could get fined, demoted, or even imprisoned. From its owner to the lowest bureaucracy link.

The second part was much more controversial in the eyes of CPSU conservatives. Just like before, competition winners are awarded medals, certificates, promotions, and luxury items ahead of time. Just like before, everyone in the factory got their reward. From ordinary workers to high factory officials got what they deserved. But one thing was different. Highly-efficient factories were awarded higher budgets and different grants to spend, mostly on what they think needs to be improved. This lead to catastrophic results: working in some factories became more prestigious than in the others. But what Kosygin critics tend to forget is that factories had to always improve and always progress, achieving new goals to keep their privileges.

Corruption crackdown and strict regulations lead to higher competition for leading roles. Only workaholics, geniuses, idealists, and mad people were able to stay in power of a factory now. Less initiative leaders had to stay on the bottom, fulfilling their duty as small gears in a gigantic industrial machine that is the Soviet Union. One of the main issues that were plaguing the old system is the quantity above quality mentality. Vaz factory always won against Gaz, because it was easier to produce thousands of Lada's than thousands of Volga's. But now even this issue was eradicated. Competition rules always tried to keep in mind every factor of a product. innovativeness, cheapness, worker conditions, and product reliability, obviously. When two factories rivaled each other closely, like Magnitogorsk Steel Combinate and Zhdanov Steel Combinate, they both got their awards for their hard work. Even personal achievement like creating a new production method leads to fame and glory for the whole factory now.

Kosygin expected GDP growth to increase from 14% to 18%, but the real situation was even better. December 1955 reports showed 23% growth, 26% next year. And stable 14-16% by the end of a 10 year plan.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]DECEMBER 1956 — JANUARY 1957

CAIRO, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

SHIFTING THE POLITICAL SCENE[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"I extend my congratulations to you all and wish you success in the great work you undertake for the glory of our Arab nation. The United Arab Republic was declared in order for us to remove all impediments to national unity and reconstitute our national feelings into one common emotion. I am convinced that in order for the Arab nationalist movement to be truly victorious, we must dissolve separations between the supporters of its cause and calling. It is important that we reflect the united will of the homeland, through creating a new political front between us, that will operate within the existing democratic frameworks of the constitution. My compatriots. Although we should congratulate our struggle in toppling colonial rule in the Arab Gulf without shedding a single drop of blood, and our efforts in burying the Crown of Saud, our struggle is not over! In many ways even within the United Arab Republic we are fractured politically into different camps. The Republican Party of Egypt, the heroic partisans of the Arab Peninsula and the Trade Unionists of the furthest eastern territories. This is not to suggest that there are any disagreements between us, no! Without any of these pillars of Arabism we would not have our Republic! But it shows that political reform and consolidation is needed."[/sub]

[sub]"We feel that a unified political front is imperative in defending and safeguarding this freedom and this great call for Arab nationalism which now came to prove its existence! The call for Arab nationalism is not a racial call, it is not the call of any one person, neither is it a new call; the call of Arab nationalism rang throughout the centuries and showed its strength whenever the Arab countries were independent or whenever they felt the threat of annihilation. The banner of Arab nationalism was raised in the 10th century—when the Arab countries were threatened with invasion and outside pressures they realized that their very existence depended on their strong belief in and adherence to Arab nationalism, to protect the Arab world and its civilization! The united Arab will was then able to defeat the Crusaders who occupied Bilad Al-Sham (the Arab Levant) for over 80 years. The Arab partisans achieved this victory only when they felt that their political unity brought them strength and that Arab nationalism was their shield of protection! The union between the leaders and armies of Egypt and Bilad Al-Sham brought them success and they saved Bilad Al-Sham, Egypt, Palestine and all the other Arab countries from colonial servitude. In truth the call of Arab nationalism is not a new call, nor is it a newly discovered mission—indeed it is a deeply-rooted factor in the heart and mind of the Arab nation; the Arab nation was sometimes distracted from it but rallied round it and clung to it whenever it was faced with danger."[/sub]

[sub]"When the Tatars (Mongol Empire) invaded from Bilad Al-Faris (Persia), destroying Baghdad and crossing the Euphrates into Bilad Al-Sham and threatening Egypt, it became clear that the only way to repel this invasion was by rallying under the flag of Arab nationalism. Eventually the Arab armies and commanders united and successfully pushed the Tatar forces back of the Euphrates. In their entire history of their conquests, the Tatars had not met such a setback until they reached the Arab frontier. Once again our armies by means of their united strength defeated the enemy and saved the Arab nation and its civilization. This was by no means a racial mission, it was a mission of sacrifice for and defence of the Arab homeland. Let us appreciate the power of this sacrifice. We were the first to accomplish what was thought to be impossible! The Hungarians, the Polish, the Russians, the Chinese and the Persians, all great civilizations in their day, had come under the Tatar thumb, and out of all of them only the Arabs had stood and triumphed against these invaders! Even though these all come from before our lifetimes, our attachment to Arab nationalism in times of danger has still persisted to the present. When the Zionists seized Palestine, cast terror on the land and slaughtered those who lived on it, the Arab nation became enraged! The tragedy of Palestine and the threat of Zionist colonialism made us rally around the banner of our nationalism to fight this threat. And this has manifested into assembling an Arab entity, which is our Republic, capable enough to protect itself! "[/sub]

[sub]"Borders have been erased, the colonial powers have withdrew and the old regimes have been toppled through the struggle of the masses. In the face of all this, those who helped achieve these outcomes should come under one banner, as they all have a vested common conviction in the Arab victory. A victory that has been passed down to us from the sword of Salah Al-Din and the shield of Baibars Abu Al-Futuh! We have convened this meeting between supporters of this victory to achieve political unity alongside our territorial unity."[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[/list]

[list][list][sub]The political actors that had pushed fourth the application of pan-Arab unity originated from a variety of social strands and institutions. It included civilian movements, represented by Nasser's Republican Party, military commanders, represented by the instigators of the 1955 July Revolution and organized labour associations which predominantly represented the small urban class that supported the Eastern Uprising. Each of these movements had largely evolved in separate circumstances or due to specific events, meaning that was a lack of central political authority, outside the agreed upon institutions required to establish the UAR. However, this was soon to change as Nasser began stressing the need for including all the pan-Arab movements into a single organization. Several factors contributed to this. The establishment of a system which demanded the need for a public mandate in order for to rule, demanded collaboration between the Arabist political movements. Furthermore, those movements beyond the Republican Party, understood that strengthening their association with Nasser could enhance their own public credibility. There was also a key idealogical motive behind this, namely that truly fulfilling pan-Arabism will require bridging the geographical associations between the UAR's political organizations. The expression: "the state has been established, but not the party", symbolized a growing frustration surrounding the lack of official political unity which should have accompanied territorial amalgamation. This was recognized early on by the Republican Party, but efforts to find unity between the Trade Unionists, Republicans and the anti-Saud forces stalled due to more urgent concerns surrounding the emergence of resistance to the United Arab Republic's centralization efforts. The Victory at Sakaka had however, given the Arab nationalists breathing room to shift some time and resources to politically consolidate rather than focusing solely on the territorial aspect of that process. In Cairo, the capital of the United Arab Republic, national political unity was on full display as members of all three organizations convened for the 1st Arabist Conference on December 29th 1956. The conference, which was to be branded as a celebration of the immense struggle and successes waged in the name of creating the UAR, was to be attended by President Nasser and Vice-President Mohammed Heikel. This was to showcase its status as a major political event and that its declarations would receive the endorsement of Nasser himself, who would open the conference with an address. He drew from the famous episodes of Arab history to justify his position that territorial unity was not enough and that political unity would be needed for total success. Nasser would also drive the point of acknowledging those martyred in the ongoing fight against the Wahhabist loyalists: [/sub][/list][/list]

[list][sub]"Since the first day [September 22nd 1955], till yesterday, our losses have been 23 officers and 123 soldiers. Every one of their shoes has more honour than the crowns of King Saud and King Hussein!"[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[list][list][sub]The conference also presented an opportunity to better define the objectives of the Arab nationalist movement around a set of principles from which to forge a new political unity. As described by Nasser, these principles would be set in opposition to the 'Three Olds'. 'Old Ideology', which was seen as the national regionalism which opposed pan-nationalism. 'Old Regimes', which was directed against Arab monarchies and governments which espoused 'Old Ideology'. Finally, 'Old Divisions' which referenced social stratification along religious, economic or tribal factors that undermined national unity. The 'Three Olds' can be attributed to Nasser's effort to communicate that the nationalist struggle extended beyond territorial expansion, and that social reform would need to be carried out if Arab unity was to sustain itself. It also served the purpose of framing anti-UAR insurrections not merely as uprisings but as a counter-revolutionary movement in service of the 'Three Olds'. It was in this context that the Arabist Conference adopted the slogan "In the Struggle of the Arab Homeland", and successfully solicited a political merger between the Arab Trade Union Congress, anti-Saud activists and the Republican Party, under the name: the National Unity Movement. The goals of the National Unity Movement however, are largely symbolic. As evidenced by the fact that the Arab nationalists already hold a majority in the legislative. However, it does serve an underlying agenda of better integrating non-Egyptian Arab nationalists into the political apparatus and the articles of decision making. The announcement was accompanied by the standard praising all members of new political coalitions are expected to produce, in line with the common theme of pan-Arabism. Some consequences did occur in the succeeding days from the 29th of December from an unexpected source. [/sub]

[sub]When he was first elected as an Egyptian President in 1953, Nasser ended a political establishment of liberally-inclined Egyptian nationalists under the Young Egypt Party. Part of this was due to the disunity of the Young Egyptians following the assassination of Rashid Qaddab. Since then, the remnants of the Young Egyptians, who rallied under the Wafd Party of Mukhtar Younis Ibn Hana and the Ittihad Party of Adnan Tunsi, watched in shock as Nasser solicited support for pan-Arabism through social reforms, such as providing access to cheap housing and visibly showing economic progress. Hence, the Egyptian public saw this new nationalism as complementary to a raising standard of living and increased socioeconomic mobility and opportunity. This made the Wafdists and Ittihadists politically isolated, which was furthered due to the infighting between Mukhtar and Adnan, making their parties unable to substantially challenge the Arab nationalists. Furthermore, due to their emphasis on Egyptian uniqueness from a wider Arab nation, the parties are limited to a support base solely within the confines of Egypt. However, with the newfound unity of a Arabist political bloc, Mukhtar and Adnan were under pressure to emulate such an enterprise from their own support base. Thus, by January 11th, they hastily reconciled their differences and sought to merge the Wafdists into the more-popular Ittihadist identity, albeit it while granting powerful positions to Wafdist party members. The new party also adopted the old Young Egyptian slogan, evoking nostalgia of the Republican Revolution against the Egyptian Kingdom and Qaddab's memory: "Homeland — Labour — Independence." This new political enterprise also has a symbolic purpose by attempting to make the remnants of the anti-Nasser political movement more visible. In a peculiar twist of events however, the government of the UAR quietly gave light support to the Ittihad Party as a counterweight to the Muslim Brotherhood, which was seen as a more dangerous source of both political and armed opposition. Still, as a united force, the anti-Nasser bloc cannot command any meaningful political influence due to its small following, yet it can present itself as a persistent source of irritation for the Arabists. Which is widely speculated to be the true goal of Adnan's and Mukhtar's reconciliation. [/sub][/list][/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz

[pre]Year of the Earth Dragon

1958 | February 10[/pre]

中东地区的合作伙伴!

A Partner in the Middle East!

[sub]The increasing influence and suspected belligerent tendencies of numerous pro-Western nations to China's west is a source of increasing concern to Beijing, which as it consolidates its own sphere of influence in Asia is deeply cognisant of the widening rift between East and West. Most notable, and arguably the most alarming, of these new Western threats, is Nasser's new United Arab Republic: an ever-growing blot on the Middle East that as time passes by, swallows up and federates more of the nations in that region into its fold. Nasser's openly pro-Western policies and increasing dominance over the international oil trade- one that China, rapidly industrialising, is keen to secure a steady supplier in- has made the Beijing government increasingly willing to cooperate with other nations in the Occident who align themselves with it, and by extension with Moscow. Recent diplomatic forays to the emerging power of the State of Israel show China's willingness to cooperate with Middle Eastern nations who stand opposed to the imperialism of the French, British, and their Arab allies; however, despite Israel's prominence as a partner in the region, it lacks a supply of the primary geopolitical driver here: crude oil or black gold.

In light of this, the recent consolidation of power in Iran by the socialist-leaning democratic coalition under Mohammed Mossadegh has raised all the right eyebrows in Beijing, with its struggling oil industry in spite of vast, untapped reserves being a source of interest to Chinese firms that seek oil as fuel for the furnaces of industry becoming increasingly prevalent in Mao's industrialising China, whose burgeoning economy, sustaining quarterly growth rates of near-25% in the past year and a half due to the overwhelming success of the First Five Year Plan and the measured implementation of Mao's Great Leap Forward, requires with an increasing thirst the raw materials and minerals Chinese domestic stocks are not sufficient to supply.

As part of Mao's String of Pearls policy, it is also assumed that a pro-China Iranian government is likely to play a crucial role in encirclement of capitalist nations in South Asia- most notably, of course, the Republic of India, with whom tensions are at an all-time high.

As such, the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China has seen fit to extend a formal invitation to Prime Minister Mossadegh, on a state visit to Peking.[/sub]

Central Arstotzka, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[sub]15 March 1958[/sub]

[sup]Krigsmakten[/sup]

Defence Bill 1958 approved by parliament - Swedish Armed Forces undergo changes

The defence bill details the organisation and structure of the Swedish Armed Forces for a ten-year period until a new defence bill is passed. The new defence bill of 1958, passed with co-operation from all parties in the Riksdag, is especially notable because it entails a major change in the government's and Swedish Armed Forces' approach to national defence. The Swedish Navy saw a reduced share of the defence budget, dropping from an already low of 18% to 12%. It is also set to undergo a restructure in accordance with "Naval Plan 58", drawn up by Swedish Navy Chief Stig Ericcson, which will see the navy transition from a "heavy fleet", a navy which consists of and mainly relies on the firepower of cruisers and destroyers, to that of a "light fleet", where more emphasis would be put on the construction of smaller but missile-armed ships in larger quantity whilst increasing the operational scope of submarines. However, the introduction of these smaller ships, even though armed with anti-ship missiles, still left a hole in the Swedish Armed Forces' overall firepower against likely opposition navies such as that of the Soviet Union. This issue was addressed by allocating the previous roles of larger ships to the Swedish Air Force's attack aircraft, such as the capable Saab A32 Lansen, armed with the upcoming RB04 anti-ship missiles. On the other hand, the Swedish Air Force received a larger share of the budget, at the expense of the army and navy, with the government deciding to commission a night-fighter variant of the Saab A32 Lansen to supplement the current fleet of Saab J29 Tunnan and upcoming Saab J35 Draken fighters, whilst approximately 250 million kronor will be spent on the construction of 30 new bases. The Swedish Army was not as hard hit as the Swedish Navy in terms of budget reductions, but this did not mean the army did not experience cuts. The total number of army personnel is set to be reduced to under 150,000 Swedes following the new defence bill. This is part of the government's shift in emphasis, with a new focus on improving the overall quality whilst reducing quantity. One of the more contentious issues addressed by the defence bill was that of a new tank for the Swedish Army. The Swedish Army currently operates over 300 British Centurions, having purchased them between 1955 and 1958. These tanks are capable, matching those the army would likely face on the battlefield, but not future proof. Three options were considered by the government, the M60 Patton, the Leopard 1, and Option S, an indigenously designed tank. Though the foreign options were viewed as more viable, consideration was given to how such purchases would make the Swedish state look, with the government seeking to maintain an appearance of state neutrality. In addition to this, the option of producing a local tank also provided the possibility of job creation within the defence industry, which the government viewed in a positive light. Thus, Option S was chosen over others and functional production is expected by the mid-1960s.

Central Arstotzka, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][list]DIRIGISME - BACKBONE OF THE GAULLIST ECONOMY

1 January 1958 - Bercy, Paris, French Republic, French Union[/list][/list]

| Under President Charles de Gaulle, the new French Fifth Republic has begun steering a very unique economic course between the Laissez-Faire West and the Communist East. Though the French Union has served as one of the largest proponents of global democracy and freedom throughout the World since the end of the Second World War, President de Gaulle has taken a serious diversion from the typical post-War liberal economic order of loosely regulated free market capitalism, instead developing his own economic policy bridging the economic freedoms of the West with the central planning of the East. This new economic philosophy, called Dirigisme from the French word 'diriger', 'to direct', has been instituted via numerous legislations and policy directions which has allowed President de Gaulle to institute substantial government control over the French economy as it transitions from a foremost industrial power to a post-industrial titan. |

| de Gaulle's successor, the socialist Edouard Daladier, had instituted significant levels of state control over the economy during his 1947-1952 Presidency and had significantly expanded the French welfare state. Implementations of increased and very progressive worker's rights, the establishment of state-owned unions, and nationalization of key industries such as weapons manufacturers and oil industries in the immediate period following the war seemed to be more in-line with Eastern economic planning than the rest of the West, and put Daladier at odds with President Truman and Prime Minister Clement Attlee. Supported by the French Communist Party and traditional socialist organizations, the Daladier President ultimately proved unpopular despite foreign policy victories abroad in Indochina and India. Under Charles de Gaulle, eastern-style central planning has not been forgone entirely, but has instead given way for an entirely new, mixed economic system specifically developed for France. |

| The most central tenant of Dirigisme under President de Gaulle has been indicative planning - coordination between the public and private sectors of the economy through productivity forecasts and targeted subsidies to motivate increased or desired outcomes by private industries. As opposed to President Daladier's socialist-style central planning and nationalization efforts, the Indicative Planning method seeks to inspire private profit by rewarding industries and industrialists who pursue economic plans favored by the state. The Commissariat Général du Plan(General Commission for the Plan) has been the driving force behind de Gaulle's Indiciative Planning, compiling data from both private and public industries to make recommendations to the French Ministry of Finances in regards to how best to drive and inspire industry to meet policy goals. Indicative Planning, under the control of the CGP, has allowed the French government to identity, target, and eliminate both over- and under-production, shortages in supply of high demand materials, and other issues of market disequilibrium. Since 1953, the French economy's efficiency has increased significantly, receiving consistently high ratings by both international economic analysts and the Ministry of Finances' own internal annual reports. |

| Corporate tax rates in France have largely stagnated since being increased dramatically under President Daladier, at a consistent 33% throughout the French Republic and 31% throughout the rest of the French Union. Corporations within France are expected to pay their fair share of wealth in taxes, which are then put towards social initiatives such as the National Healthcare Service and public housing projects. However, under Indicative Planning, large corporations are liable to be given tax breaks on a year-by-year basis if the CGP determines tax breaks to be an incentive for corporations in a specific area to meet goals laid out by the Ministry of Finances. For example, in order to incentivize increased oil exploration in Algeria and Libya, the Compagnie Française des Pétroles(CFP) has reportedly been given a 3% tax break in 1957, and is expected to receive a 6% tax break for 1958. Other in-demand industries have also received tax breaks, along with generous subsidies and loans, in order to allow for greater economic cohesion and state control over the economy. |

| In the Metropole, the largest growing industry, by a wide margin, is that of retail. Since 1950, retail has gone from 2.6% of the economy to nearly 3.8% of the economy, while manufacturing has fallen by 2.2%. The CGP has reported that it is expected that, as industry continues to be outsourced to the Rhineland Mutual Cooperation Zone where corporate taxes are less strict and a large labor pool available, the retail sector will begin to outpace the growth of manufacturing by nearly double, beat only by the finance & banking sector, and education & healthcare. The growth of the retail sector in France is not an intangible, invisible ascension- throughout France, an average of 3 retail shops per year have been opened per 15,000 citizens in the last five years. The shopping mall, a zenith of the retail industry pioneered in the United States, has also made its way to the French Republic, with a shopping mall planned to be opened in Paris in 1959 expected to create nearly 850 jobs. The massive 17,000 square foot Sud-Sud-Ouest Shopping Centre is being constructed on land purchased by Le Corbusier, one of France's foremost modern architects, in the 14th arrondissement to serve as a massive conglomeration of markets to serve the greater Paris area. Various retail chains including Carrefour, Système U, Casino Guichard-Perrachon, and E.Leclerc have all been slated to open department-sized stores within Sud-Sud-Ouest to provide Parisians with access to a multitude of goods from the mundane to the luxurious. |

| Certainly, in order for retail to be booming despite a decrease in the growth of the manufacturing sectors, the industry must be expanding somewhere to supply the products that are sold in stores. A manufacturing boom has accompanied the boom of retail industries in France, but not within the French Republic, but in neighboring West Germany. The Miracle On The Rhine, stimulated by joint Anglo-French investments and capital movement into the Rhineland, has generated an industrial golden age for the Federal Republic of Germany. A testament to European cooperation in the post-War Era, the Rhineland Mutual Cooperation Zone's success in establishing interlinked trilateral economic relations has been an integral part of the growing consensus of European Unity. Though Charles de Gaulle's government has largely been skeptical in the past of allowing further British influence over mainland Europe, the de Gaulle government has placed an intense focus on socioeconomic cooperation between West Germany and France, with the Miracle on the Rhine being one of the most visible facets of that policy's success. |

| Since 1949, unemployment in the Rhine has dropped to only 4.4% percent, with the average Rhinish laborer making a salary higher than he made before 1936. Factories of industrial companies from throughout the Federal Republic and the French Republic have been constructed and opened in their hundreds, particularly on the area of the Rhineland directly adjacent to the Ruhr, with the prosperity of the Rhineland even spreading to the eastern bank due to economic cooperation between France and Germany. A cool-off in intergovernmental tensions following the December Crisis and an easing of denazification policies in Germany has seen President de Gaulle and his German counterpart, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, continue to expand economic cooperation between the two states. As the Rhineland continues to serve as the primary industrial base of Western Europe, France and Germany proper reap the rewards of a gradually more post-industrial life with the expansion of white-collar sectors and service industries. The prosperity and increase of living caused by these economic trends are undeniable, especially in Germany: nearly 45% of all German families own a television set, only 13% of Germans live in poverty, Germany's comparative economic output rate has eclipsed that of the United Kingdom, and the Federal Government is able to provide extensive social services such as healthcare and public transportation on a nearly universal scale. |

| As France and Europe continue to progress out of the 1950s and into the 1960s, and as Charles de Gaulle anticipates his re-election in the upcoming elections in April, the true weight of Dirigisme as an economic model will become more apparent. For now, the short-term successes of Dirigisme as a means for French post-War development and continental pan-European economic integration have demonstrated themselves and will undoubtedly continue to be expanded upon for as long as possible by the de Gaulle government. Additionally, plans to introduce a potential European Economic Community may signal an overt turn towards European integration, and allow the successes of economic development in France and Germany to be replicated across Free Europe. |

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][list]【𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨】 - ᏒᎥᏕᏋ ᎧᏂ ᎮᏋᎧᎮᏝᏋ - 【𝐖𝐞𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨】

[sub]★彡[ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴡᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴏɴᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴀᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴠɪᴄᴛᴏʀʏ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇꜱ ᴄʟᴇᴀʀ, ʀᴀʟʟʏ ꜰᴏʀ ᴠɪᴄᴛᴏʀʏ ᴏʜ ɢᴏɴɢᴏ]彡★[/sub][/list][/list]

[list][sup]The French Gongo began at Brazzaville on 10 September 1880 as a protectorate over the Bateke people along the north bank of the Congo River, was formally established as the French Congo on 30 November 1882, and was confirmed at the Berlin Conference of 1884–85. Its borders with Cabinda, Cameroons, and the Congo Free State were established by treaties over the next decade. The plan to develop the colony was to grant massive concessions to some thirty French companies. These were granted huge swaths of land on the promise they would be developed. This development was limited and amounted mostly to the extraction of ivory, rubber, and timber. These operations often involved great brutality and the near enslavement of the locals. Even with these measures most of the companies lost money. Only about ten earned profits. Many of the companies' vast holdings existed only on paper with virtually no presence on the ground in Africa. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Gongo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives. During World War II, the federation rallied to the Free French Forces under Félix Éboué in August 1940, except for western Gongo which was Vichy French until 12 November 1940, when the Vichy administration surrendered to invading Free French; the federation became the strategic center of Free French activities in Africa. After the war, the Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Gongo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.[/sup]

[sup]In the late 40s, various figures and political movements began rising to challenge the French dominion over Gongo. The most important one being a young man from the Teke tribe near the city of Masuku (now Franceville), his name was Asani M'kwam. Born in 1920 and raised alongside his brother, Kairu Mũhoro M'kwam, his father Tekano M'kwam was a blacksmith by trade and his mother Antoinette Mboualé-Abemba was renowned for her sewing skills in there home village. In 1926, the family would move to Brazzaville as M'kwams father was offered to work for a Catholic Mission. The brothers would be enrolled in primary and secondary education in the mission. After completing his education, Asani would begin working as a secretary in the ministry of transportation within the colonial government of AEF. Kairu on the other hand would enroll into the Ecole Militaire Préparatoire of Brazzaville, graduating as a Second Lieutenant and was stationed at the Brazzaville garrison. He was assigned to the Brazzaville garrison as a deputy commander of an infantry battalion. During both of their time there, Asani and Kairu would experience first hand the colonial system which oppressed blacks no matter what tribe they originated from. In the words of Asani, "It did not matter what tribe you came from. Mbochi, Teke, Lari, Kongos, all were treated like trash by the French. In their eyes, we all might as well be roaches." Learning from these experiences, Asani and his brother would grow to resent their French Colonial overlords. This resentment culminated when Asani joined a local organization in Brazzaville know as the Democratic Union for the Liberty of Africans (DULA). The Union was founded by middle-class blacks within the colony seeking more political representation within the colonial government. Asani's involvement within this movement was short-lived, however, as he became dissatisfied with the prevailing attitude of working with the colonial establishment rather than against it. So in 1940 during the 2nd World War, the brothers created the The Rally for Victory or RV for short. A center-left party for the total decolonization of Middle Congo.[/sup]

[sup]During the war, Kairu was deployed to the west to fight against Vichy forces in west-congo while Asani remained to engage in politics. The RV in its early days struggled but slowly garnered support. As the movement grew, Asani was put under arrest by the colonial government for inciting protests against the authorities. This move however ended up bolstering the movement as Asani while imprisoned in Ubangi-Shari wrote his famous manifesto, Notre futur, the book exposed the corruption and cruelty of the French administration in Central Africa and detailed how the men of Middle-Congo could build the foundation for an independent nation, that nation being Gongo. Eventually, the administration released Asani and he returned to Brazzaville, retaking his post as president of the RV. In 1944 the Brazzaville Conference occurred to discuss France and its future within Africa after the war, Asani and the RV were quick to organize a massive protest against the Conference, which turned into a riot when colonial police attempted to break up the protests. Seeing the situation the Conference decided to concede what is now called the six points in Gongolese history.[/sup]

[list][list][pre]1. The French Empire would remain united.

2. Semi-autonomous assemblies would be established in each colony.

3. Citizens of France's colonies would share equal rights with French citizens.

4. Citizens of French colonies would have the right to vote for the French parliament.

5. Native population would be employed in public service positions within the colonies.

6. Economic reforms would be made to diminish the exploitative nature of the relationship between France and its colonies.[/pre][/list][/list]

[sup]While the six points may have sound positive, in practice they were not really enforced throughout the colony and many cases of abuse by the colonial administration continued. As the 1950s came the Rally for Victory and the M'kwams grew, with the party reaching 2,000 members and having chapters in each major city of middle-congo. By 1954 the RV became the de facto face of the independence movement in Gongo. The RV was further strengthened when they allied with Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Labor Party of Gongo, an open Marxist party with a strong following. Asani also gained the support of the Gongolese Democratic Bloc, which consisted of middle-class blacks within the colonial administration who were keen on increasing their wealth and influence. As of now the battle for Independence wages on and Asani fights for his people's liberty against the French colonial system.[/sup]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major

A Stab From the Right: May Crisis

The traditionalists had never been happy with their electoral loss to the SKP. Their membership made up of fundamentalist clergy, large landholders, and local aristocratic families, they feared a loss of their traditional powers, and grasp over the new society birthed out of the creation of the Imperial Federation. These fears were exasperated by the passage of the 5 Year Social Plan which would dismantle and weaken the power of the Traditionalists and their hold over large swathes of the nation. This gave rise to an internal plot by the members of the Traditionalist Party, known as Operation Ton-Tigi. With Mansa Modibo outside of the country in preparation of the Hajj, the Traditionalists would seize power and destroy the Malian Federation.

May 4th

7:00: Members of the Traditionalist Paramilitary Guard storm the parliament building.

15:00: Mamadou Dia along with members of Parliament declare the dissolution of parliament, and the creation of a new Council of National Conservation.

17:00 The Council erupts into infighting as they are unable to pick a new leader. Radio announcements declaring a new leader are halted. Confusion begins spreading throughout the nation.

20:00: Throughout the night members of the paramilitary guard cut all routes into, and out of the city. Local armories are seized and members of the military are arrested or recruited

May 5th-10th:

•Gao, and Dakar thwart coup attempts with angry civilians attacking coup leaders.

•Local Villages that become aware of the news support traditionalist ascendancy.

•Modibo Keïta returns immediately and begins gathering forces to retake Timbuktu

•Radio and utility into Timbuktu are cut. Nationwide media blackout.

•Members of the government not captured including Malick Mansaré, and Louis Lansana Beavogui meet with the Mansa and military units near Gao.

•Due to army purges after the failed Togoland campaign, many generals are personally loyal to Mansa Modibo and refuse to support the coup.

May 11th-20th

•Smaller villages are quickly destroyed by Pro-Keïta forces who’s overwhelming firepower can squash local village resistance.

•After much consideration members of the Socialist Party, and Bonapartist Party form a National Front Coalition with the Keïtaists against the Traditionalists.

•The Tuareg Autonomous Front throw full support behind the Traditionalist Party bringing Azawad into the conflict.

•All communications within Timbuktu to the outside world are successfully cut, artillery bombardment of the city begins.

May 21st-27th

•Water to the city is dammed, the artillery bombardments turn the already rabid Keïta supporter populace in Timbuktu into full rebels.

•Riots erupt throughout Timbuktu and Gao as the populace has turned against the Traditionalists.

•Azawad Milita are defeated at the Niamey preventing any break out attempt.

May 28th-31st

•Mamadou Dia defects realizing the coups failure, the Council begins to collapse

•Paramilitary defections become rampant as Malian forces begin to recapture the city taking prisoners, or letting them be lynched by angry civilians.

•Paramilitaries and Traditionalist leaders not captured flee to Azawad.

•Azawad signs a comprehensive treaty calling for status quo, and in return the relinquishment of all Paramilitaries and political leaders

Much of the coups failures can be attributed to poor planning on the part of the coup members. In the military Keïta had purged disloyal elements, and the local populace in most major cities whole-heartedly believed in Keïta and the Federation. Finally, years of propaganda against the aristocracy as colonial pawns, and tyrants poisoned many against them. Even with their defeat it can be assumed that this is not the end.

Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][list][list][list][list]The Birth of the Federation

[sub]26 January 1958[/sub]

[sup]31 Dec. 2020[/sup][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list]

The British first discovered the Great Southern Land in 1770 when Captain James Cook sailed and discovered the Eastern Coast. In the years that followed, a penal colony was quickly set up with the arrival of Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet in 1788. The colony was named New South Wales that year, before splitting off into separate colonies over the next few decades. An island origally thought to be part of the mainland was named Van Diemen's Land in 1825 and then Tasmania in 1856. Britain's worst criminals were sent to the island. The Dutch colony of New Holland was taken by the British, being renamed Swan River Colony in 1829 and then Western Australia in 1832. South Australia became a separate colony in 1836 and became the first exclusively free colony, meaning no prisoners were sent to the colony. In 1840, New Zealand became it's own colony, separating from the Australian mainland. Northern Australia was sparcely populated, more so than the rest of the nation, and underwent many changes. It first separated as the colony of North Australia in 1846-7, with the eastern part of the colony becoming Queensland in 1859. The western portion was given to South Australia in 1863 before becoming an independent colony (Northern Australia) in 1911, and was briefly split in half as Northern and Central Australia between 1927 and 1931. In 1851, the colony of Victoria was founded.

These colonies all ran under the guidance of the United Kingdom, joining in conflicts like the Second Boer War and Taiping Rebellion. Colonies also fought against the Indigenous populations, and were on occasion sent to battle against the indigenous populations in other colonies. The British ruled the region with an iron fist, with many identifying as British first, and their colony second. However, the Castle Hill Convict Rebellion (1804), Flagstaff War (1840), Eureka Rebellion (1851-54), and many more conflicts started to arise feelings of federation and independence.

After the Eureka Rebellion of 1851-54, a number of men identifying with the anti-British sediment displayed in the event gathered in Ballarat, Victoria, to form 'Donahue's Wild Boys,' a nod to infamous Irish-Australian bushranger Jack Donahue and his gang the Wild Colonial Boys in 1855. DWB was strongly anti-British and pro-Federation, and called for war or civil disobedience on a mass scale, and in later years suggested teaming up with Indigenous Australians to gain more manpower against the British. They were the first organized pro-independence group, and gained a small following of 15,000 people.

76,700 Australians were sent to Gallipoli on the 25th of April 1915, where a disastrous 10 month campaign which killed almost 9,000 and severely injured dozens of thousands more. It was a disaster right from the beginning, landing on the wrong beach and being grossly underprepared. When news of this disaster and Australian troops being abused by British generals got back to the colonies, anger stirred within the community. The colonies were torn between defending the motherland, and turning on it. In 1916, a number of New South Wales soldiers rioted at Liverpool Station over lengthened training hours and the results of the Gallipoli campaign. 'Bloody Legends' was formed out of these soldiers and their sympathizers, who were similar in ideology to Donahue's Wild Boys, but still believed that a friendly alliance with the United Kingdom would be benefitable, but remaining separate colonies would not. They were more moderate than DWB.

Over 800,000 Afrikaners where sent to Western Australia from 1890-1910 while the United Kingdom continued to genocide hundreds of thousands of South Africans. Being set up in northern Western Australia, the colony was significantly annoyed by the move. Western Australia's population was now two thirds Afrikaners, placing significant economical and political strain on the colony. It was long an issue within the colony and pro-federation colonists, who were torn between sympathy and nationalism; protecting the Afrikaners or kicking them out.

After the First World War, questions regarding federation and patriotism skyrocketed. In 1925, the colonies had a combined population of 7 million, almost a million of which were involved in either Bloody Legends, Donahue's Wild Boys, or other affiliated Federation and Independence organizations. In 1928, the organization leaders and sympathetic politicians gathered in Melbourne, Victoria, as part of the Committee for Australasian Federation and Independence (CAFI). A number of summits where held across the colonies, piecing together what a free and united Australia would look like. Fiji and New Guinea were involved in a few summits, but ultimately decided not to join.

The movement's popularity in the 1920s did not last long, however. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 put a temporary halt to the conferences as priorities where realigned. The movement stagnated, but the flame was reignited after the Second World War. The colonies were bombed over 100 times by the Japanese, including over 60 times in the Northern Australian capital of Darwin. The colonies were at risk of falling to the Japanese, and Britain was not helping. Colonialists were still expected to help protect the motherland, and this pushed the colonies to the edge. After the war, CAFI held their 8th through 16th conferences in each colony. By 1952, the Conference had come up with a unique political system merging British and American systems, along with some unique Australian characteristics. A capital was decided, and the constitution was almost complete. The nation would be named 'The Federation of Australasia.' The transition would be peaceful, with Bloody Legends winning over Donahue's Wild Boys' bid for war.

Finally, on the 1st of January 1955, the colonies of Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand united to form the Federation of Australasia. A few years later, in 1958, Australia gained their independence from the United Kingdom, becoming the newest Oceanian Republic. Now free, Australasia must navigate all the difficulties of being a new nation, in a world still recovering from war.

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Gaia Major

[sub]8 June 1958[/sub]

[sup]The FIFA World Cup[/sup]

The FIFA World Cup of 1958 begins in Sweden!

The 1958 FIFA World Cup has begun! Held in Sweden, this year's edition of the World Cup consists of 16 different teams all battling for the highest honour possible in international football. The battle for qualification for this prestigious competition was held last year between 52 teams, with 26 from Europe, nine from South America, six from North, Central America and Caribbean, and 10 teams from Africa and Asia. Below is the list of the 16 qualified teams sorted by region:

AFC/CAF:

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

NAFC/CCCF

Val Verde

CONMEBOL

Argentina

Brazil

Paraguay

UEFA:

Austria

Czechoslovakia

England

France

Hungary

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Soviet Union

Sweden

West Germany

Yugoslavia

This edition of the World Cup represents the first-ever appearance for four nations; the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Northern Ireland, Val Verde, and the Soviet Union. The DPRK qualified having defeated their southern neighbours, the Republic of Korea, in a 5-4 Korean derby held on neutral ground in Jakarta, Indonesia. Northern Ireland finished top of UEFA Group 8, beating the likes of Italy and Portugal for qualification. This edition of the FIFA World Cup is the first-ever which Italy has failed to qualify for since the competition's inception. Val Verde qualified having topped CCCF/NAFC Group 2 and inflicting a shock elimination on Mexico in the final round. The Soviet Union managed qualification by knocking out Poland in the UEFA Group 6 play-off, which was necessitated as both teams were tied for first place in the group.

Qualification for the World Cup is not enough, however, as these 16 teams will still need to fight it out for a place in the knockout stages of the tournament. Organised into four groups, each will consist of four teams fighting for the first and second position which allows them to progress into the quarter-finals.

Below are the groups labeled 1 to 4:

GROUP 1:

Argentina

Czechoslovakia

Northern Ireland

West Germany

GROUP 2:

France

Paraguay

Scotland

Yugoslavia

GROUP 3:

Hungary

Sweden

DPRK

Val Verde

GROUP 4:

Austria

Brazil

England

Soviet Union

The first round of fixtures of all four groups will be played today (8th June), the second round of fixtures on the 11th, and the last round of fixtures on the 15th. Every team will play each other twice, with two points awarded for a win and a single point for a draw. If the first two teams finished on equal points then goal average would decide who was placed first and second. If the second and third-placed teams finished on the same points, then there would be a play-off with the winner going through. If a play-off resulted in a draw, goal average from the group games would be used to determine who went through to the next round. If the goal averages were equal then lots would have to be drawn.

Teujira, Liberalina, Not Xav, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Great Southern Land, Teymour, 2Nd New England Commonwealth

[sub]18 June 1958[/sub]

[sup]The FIFA World Cup Pt.2[/sup]

The FIFA World Cup of 1958 - Results of the group-stages summarised!

The 1958 FIFA World Cup group stages have officially concluded! 16 different teams battled against one another for a spot in the quarter-finals of the FIFA World Cup, clamouring for the chance of lifting the famous golden trophy at the end of the tournament.

GROUP 1:

West Germany - Played (3) Won (1) Drawn (2) Loss (0) (Points = 4 - G/R = 1.4)

Northern Ireland - Played (3) Won (1) Drawn (1) Loss (1) (Points = 3 - G/R = 0.8)

West Germany topped Group 1, having won only one game but drawing their last two. The Germans, having won the last edition of the World Cup in an amazing upset against Hungary in 1954, faced stiff competition in the form of Argentina. However, the latter were unexpectedly beaten to the quarter-finals by Northern Ireland 2-1 in a qualification play-off match, with both teams having finished on the same number of points. This fact is especially upsetting when taking into consideration that many had thought Argentina were strong enough to perhaps even win the entire competition. The young German forward Uwe Steeler, recognised by many as a generational talent at the age of only 22, scored two of West Germany's seven goals in the group. His compatriot Helmut Rahn, who scored the winning goal of the 1954 final, ended up as the group's top scorer with four goals.

GROUP 2:

France - Played (3) Won (2) Drawn (0) Loss (1) (Points = 4 - G/R = 1.6)

Yugoslavia - Played (3) Won (1) Drawn (2) Loss (0) (Points = 4 - G/R = 1.1)

Group 2 proved to be the highest-scoring group out of the four, with a total of 31 goals or approximately 5 goals scored per game. The highest-scoring match was France's's first game of the group, where 25-year-old French forward Just Fontaine scored a hat-trick against Yugoslavia in a 7-3 demolition job. The Frenchman Fontaine maintained his superb goal-scoring form throughout the group's matches, scoring a brace against Yugoslavia in the reverse meeting, which France lost 3-2, and scored the second goal in a 2-1 victory over Scotland. Yugoslavia managed to qualify for the quarter-finals by finishing in second place over Scotland, remaining undefeated throughout the three games. Fontaine entered the quarter-finals as the group and competition's top scorer with six goals.

GROUP 3:

Sweden - Played (3) Won (2) Drawn (1) Loss (0) (Points = 5 - G/R = 5.0)

DPRK - Played (3) Won (0) Drawn (3) Loss (0) (Points 3 - G/R 1.0)

The Swedish hosts can count themselves lucky to have been drawn in what is widely considered to be the easiest group of the four, facing the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Hungary, and Val Verde. The Swedes finished top of the group, having won two out of three of their games and managed the group stages' best goal ratio, having scored five and conceding only once (second only to Brazil's). The Democratic People's Republic of Korea finished second in the group having drawn all three games, beating Hungary to the group's second qualification spot in a surprising upset. The DPRK thus represented the first-ever Asian team to reach the knockout rounds of the FIFA World Cup. The Hungarians, considered to be the world's best team only years ago, were severely weakened by the departures of their star players Sándor Kocsis and Ferenc Puskás in the aftermath of the 1956 Hungarian revolution. However, their elimination from the World Cup was still regarded as a shock when considering the quality of opponents they faced. Val Verde finished bottom of the group winless in three games. Hungary's Lajos Tichy was the group's top scorer with four goals.

GROUP 4:

Brazil - Played (3) Won (2) Drawn (1) Loss (0) (Points = 5 - G/R = -)

Soviet Union - Played (3) Won (1) Drawn (1) Loss (1) (Points = 3 - G/R = 1.0)

This group was perhaps the most anticipated of the lot, with the likes of Brazil, who were considered to be an extremely powerful side, reigning Olympic champions the Soviet Union, third-placed Austria in the 1954 World Cup, and England which although weakened by the Munich air disaster which, was still considered to be a formidable side. However, the group did not live up to expectations. Indeed, this was the lowest scoring group out of the four, with a total of only 15 goals. The Brazilians finished the group on top, having won two out of their three games. Scoring five goals, they were the only team to not concede any in the group stage. The teenage sensation Pelé was given his FIFA World Cup debut at the age of 17, playing the full 90 minutes of Brazil's last group match, a 2-0 win over the Soviet Union. Though he did not score, he assisted the second goal and drew positive reviews for his performance. The Soviet Union, newcomers to the competition, beat the English to qualification in a surprising upset; winning the group's play-off 1-0. The English suffered three straight draws in the group, notably surrendering a lead and subsequently having to find an equaliser in a match that ended 2-2 against the Austrians. The Austrians finished bottom of the group, finding themselves unlucky to have been pit against far superior opponents.

The competition thus moves onto the knockout rounds, where the remaining eight teams will face each other in the quarter-finals to fight for a semi-final place. Below are the upcoming quarter-final matches which will be held concurrently on the 19th:

QUARTER-FINALS:

Brazil vs DPRK

France vs Northern Ireland

Sweden vs Soviet Union

West Germany vs Yugoslavia

Teujira, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Zanbala Prz, Great Southern Land, Teymour, 2Nd New England Commonwealth

[list]Heiwa 5

November 1957

[sub]'五十七総選挙[/sub]

The '57 General Election[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

[sub]National Diet, Nagatachō District[/sub]

| The dissolution of the Diet by Prime Minister Kishi in October '57 had once again inflamed tensions, as near-martial law was still in effect in the troubled Japanese nation. It would take no less than two weeks to set up a general election for the House of Representatives. Kishi's Constitutional-Democratic Party would square off against the consolidated Japan Socialist Party, in an election set to mark a precedent because of its stark bipartisan nature. As the polls closed and ballots were counted late into the night, the Lower House of '57 would be one with much clearer lines than its predecessors. Kishi, who had overseen the rally of the conservative parties in a single bloc, and the Socialists, who had done a similar consolidation, would end up as the two sole parties of significance in the political arena, with the Communists finally being erased from the Diet, as their organs of propaganda had suffered strict censorship. |

[list][sub]HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - NOV. 1957 GENERAL ELECTION

SEATS : 467 (234 FOR MAJORITY)

[list][*] Constitutional-Democratic Party : 324 SEATS

[*] Japan Socialist Party : 139 SEATS

[*] Independents : 4 SEATS[/sub][/list][/list]

| However, despite strong campaigning from the CDP in the rural areas constituting its backbone, as well as the various restrictions inflicted upon the opposition, it seemed that Kishi's party would fall once again short of the two-thirds supermajority needed (348 seats) in the Diet to amend the Constitution, foiling Kishi's plans : The re-establishment of a right to wage war and of the Emperor's prerogatives. The JSP and the JCP, on their end, had led an energetic campaign within the cities, garnering the support of menial workers and white-collar ones alike. Meanwhile, the CDP itself, despite obtaining a large majority, was, as had always been the case in a political environment where personal loyalty took center stage, still heavily divided between its factions. |

| The ambitious Kishi found his first election to be a setback for his objectives, despite his party's overwhelming victory; Japan remained a country internally divided in terms of politics, and it seems the conservatives, still bound to abide by laws they did not edict, would face an uphill battle to achieve their goals... |

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Great Southern Land, Teymour

Post self-deleted by Kiger.

[sub]18 June 1958[/sub]

[sup]The FIFA World Cup Pt.3[/sup]

The FIFA World Cup of 1958 - To the World Cup Final

The 1958 FIFA World Cup's group stages' saw the remaining eight teams battle it out in the quarter-finals against one another.

Brazil 2 vs 0 DPRK

The match, held in the Ullevi stadium in Gothenburg, saw the Brazilians cruise past with a 2-0 win over the Koreans. This was a special occasion for the teenage sensation Pelé, who scored his first and second-ever goal in the FIFA World Cup. Voted Man of the Match, his skill and trickery proved too much for the Koreans to handle. However, the game was not entirely one-sided. The Koreans managed to get past the Brazilian defence more than once, taking up good goal-scoring positions but were unable to get past the Brazilian goalkeeper. The Koreans were singled out for their discipline, receiving praise from journalists for their performance.

France 4 vs 0 Northern Ireland

France's quarter-final match against Northern Ireland was held in the Idrottsparken stadium in Norrköping, with the French scoring four past the Northern Irish. French forward Just Fontaine carried his remarkable form over from the group-stages, scoring two of the four goals. The forward Maryan Wisniewski also got on the scoresheet with the match's opening goal, whereas Roger Piantoni scored the fourth and final goal to knock the Northern Irish out of the competition. The Northern Irish performance was unremarkable, understandably struggling against a stronger side.

Sweden 2 vs 0 Soviet Union

The Swedish hosts beat the Soviet Union 2-0 in the RÃ¥sunda Stadium in Solna, with the Swedish forwards Kurt Hamrin and Agne Simonsson scoring one each to sink the Soviets. Sweden's first goal was avoidable, with a defensive miscommunication between defender and goalkeeper allowing Hamrin to score with relative ease. The second goal was made almost entirely by Arne Selmonsson, dribbling past a Soviet defender and crossing the ball to Simonsson for an easy tap-in. The match was a close affair and the Soviets can count themselves unfortunate to not have had lady luck on their side, having brought the game to the Swedish on numerous occasions and threatening to score goals that never came.

West Germany 1 vs 0 Yugoslavia

The German match against Yugoslavia, held in the Malmö Stadion in Malmö, was perhaps the closest of the quarter-finals. The Germans struck early in the game, with Helmut Rahn giving his team the lead with a tidy finish past the Yugoslavian goalkeeper. But for most of the game, the Germans struggled to create many chances against the seemingly impenetrable Yugoslavian defence. This was a worrying sign for a team many felt had a real chance to win the competition once more after their surprise victory in 1954. The Yugoslavians managed to break out on numerous occasions but were unable to find an accurate finish for an equalizer, getting knocked out at the quarter-final stage.

-

Next came the FIFA World Cup semi-finals. The victors of the quarter-finals, Brazil, France, Sweden, and Germany were seeded against each other for a place in the World Cup final, and for a genuine chance at winning the golden trophy.

The Brazilians will face the French in the semi-finals, in what will surely be a World Cup classic in which the enormous talents of the Brazilian and French teams will be pitted against each other. The Germans may count themselves lucky to not have been drawn against either Brazil or France, having underperformed throughout the competition thus far and struggled for form. Their Swedish opposition, though on home ground, was considered to be Germany's best chance at reaching the finals.

Brazil 6 vs 3 France

The Brazilians scored quick and early, with Brazilian forward Vavá receiving the ball unmarked 15 yards from goal and striking it past the helpless French goalkeeper in the 2nd minute. The French responded only seven minutes later, with Just Fontaine receiving a line breaking through-ball and taking it past the Brazilian goalkeeper to strike the ball into an empty net for the equaliser. Thereafter, the game was dominated by the Brazilians, for whom chances were in abundance, with the French goalkeeper having to make save after save to deny the Brazilians an advantage. Notably, in searching for a goal to break the deadlock, Brazilian forward Mario Zagallo struck the ball powerfully into the underside of the crossbar, after which the ball seemed to have crossed the goal-line but bounced back onto the crossbar and out. Despite strong protests from the Brazilians, the Welsh referee Benjamin Griffiths refused to give the goal. It wasn't until the 39th minute when Brazilian midfielder Didi struck the ball from range into the top-right corner of the French goal, that the deadlock was broken. Into the second half and the French started the stronger of the two. Chances came the French's way, but it was the Brazilians who struck first as teenage Pelé got his first goal of the day after the French goalkeeper fumbled his attempt to collect a cross and left the goal empty for a tap-in inside the first seven minutes of the second half. French forward Fontaine would bring a goal back for the French, making it 3-2 after striking a free-kick into the top-left corner in the 60th minute. However, moments later Pelé would get his second goal, pouncing on the ball in the penalty area after a French defender struggled to bring it under control. The Brazilians would strike again in the 70th minute, with Didi scoring from a free-kick to make it 5-2. Pelé then scored once more to make it 6-2, his first-ever hat-trick on the international level, with a sumptuous volley defeating the French goalkeeper. It took until the 83rd minute before there was another goal, with Just Fontaine striking the ball beautifully past the goalkeeper and into the back of the net from just outside the box to claim a hat-trick and making it 6-3 to end the game. The Brazilians emerged victorious in a game that exceeded the already high expectations, with it being the first-ever match in World Cup history to have two players representing opposing teams score a hat-trick against one another.

Sweden 3 vs 1 West Germany

The Germans fell defeat at the hands of the Swedish hosts, a result that many feared could happen. The German team, having underperformed throughout the completion have been knocked out at the quarter-final stage and relegated to the third-place play-off against France. The Germans started off the match strongly, creating numerous chances. They finally found their goal in the 24th minute, when German forward Hans Schäfer volleyed a cross into the top of the net, giving the Germans the opening goal. For the next eight minutes, the Germans searched for another goal to extend their lead, but in a swift counter-attacking move Swedish forward Lennart Skoglund put a powerful left-footed strike past the German goalkeeper to level the scores. Thereafter, the match was quite equal, with most of the action occuring in the middle-third of the pitch. It was a battle of skill and determination between the Germans and Swedes. The turning point of the match occured at the 59th minute, when German defender Erich Juskowiak was giving his marching orders by Hungarian referee István Zsolt for what he adjudged to have been an intentional kick against Swedish forward Kurt Hamrin on the legs from behind, bringing him down. For the rest of the match, Germany were forced to play conservatively and managed to keep the scores level until the 81st minute, when Gunnar Gren put the ball into the top-left corner from a free-kick. The Swedes scored again in the dying moments of the game, when Kurt Hamrin managed to avoid the lunging tackle of German defender Horst Eckel and subsequently chip the ball over the German goalkeeper from an acute angle. The Swedish hosts won the match with a final score of 3-1, making it into the FIFA World Cup final for the first time ever.

-

France 6 vs 3 West Germany

The third-place play-off match between France and West Germany was emphatically won by the French by six goals to three. The French struck first and early into the first half, with Just Fontaine scoring in the 16th minute to give his country the lead. However, the Germans responded only two minutes later when German forward Hans Cieslarczyk scored a goal to bring the scores level. It was not to be for the Germans, however, as in the 36th minute the deadlock would be broken in France's favour when French midfielder Raymond Kopa dispatched a penalty confidently. This was followed by a second goal for Fontaine, his second of the game, and a goal for forward Yvon Douis in the 36th and 50th minutes respectively. The Germans soon responded with their second goal of the game only two minutes after Douis' goal, a strike by Helmut Rahn. But it was simply not to be for the Germans, as Fontaine struck again for his third hat-trick of the competition in the 78th minute with a remarkable strike from range. Hans Schäfer would get a goal back for the Germans late on in the game in the 84th minute. However, the Germans were not allowed to end the game on a momentary high, as Fontaine scored yet another goal in the 89th minute to make the scoreline 6-3.

-

The FIFA World Cup of 1958 Final

Brazil vs Sweden

The FIFA World Cup final was finally here, it was the moment every viewer were waiting for since the start of the competition. It was a final many found hard to predict. On one hand, this was perhaps Brazil's strongest ever team to play in the World Cup. On the other, the Swedes have shown that they too were a formidable side with the talent to punch well above their weight. The match started off very much in Sweden's favour, they dominated the possession and created chances. The Brazilians were on the back foot and finally succumbed to the pressure in the 4th minute when the 36 year old Swedish forward scored only his second goal of the competition to put the Swedes in front, shielding the ball from two Brazilian defenders and putting it past the goalkeeper. It was a moment that caused the stadium to erupt in excitement; could Sweden really win the World Cup? However, Vavá equalised for Brazil only 5 minutes later. The tide quickly turned thereafter, suddenly it was the Brazilians that were piling the pressure on the Swedish defence. They were awarded when Vavá again scored in the 32nd minute to give the Brazilians the lead. The teams entered their dressing rooms at half-time with the scoreline reading 2-1 in Brazil's favour. There was certainly still hope for the Swedes, they knew they had the talent to come back and win the game, especially when it came to their skillful forward line. Sweden started the second half the stronger of the two, much like the first half, but were unable to find the crucial goal which would level the scores. The Brazilians soaked up the pressure well and came at Sweden quickly when they had the opportunity, scoring a goal in the 50th minute to make it 3-1. The teenage Pelé received a lofted ball from midfield, brought it under control, and chipped it over the Swedish defender, finishing the move off by putting the ball pass a helpless goalkeeper in what will surely be remembered as one of the World Cup's greatest ever goals. The Brazilian Mario Zagallo dashed any remaining hope the Swedes' still had, scoring in the 68th minute. The Swedes did manage to bring a goal back through a strike by Agne Simonsson, but with only 10 minutes left it was nothing more than a consolation. The game wasn't over yet, however, as in the dying seconds of the game Pelé scored his second of the match in the 90th minute to end the game 5-2. The FIFA World Cup was over and the Brazilians were crowned the world champions, lifting that famous old trophy in celebration. This was the first ever World Cup where the hosts lost the final, an unwanted achievement for the Swedish, with their only consolation being their determined performance throughout the competition.

With 14 goals, the French forward Just Fontaine was the competiton's top scorer. The teenage Pelé was second-placed with seven goals, and the German forward Helmut Rahn was third-placed with six goals. In total, 126 goals were scored by 60 different players with none of them accredited as own goals. The end of the competition was also marked by journalists voting for an "All-Star Team", with the following players being recognised for their performances:

Goalkeeper: Harry Gregg [sub](Wales)[/sub]

Defenders: Orvar Bergmark [sub](Sweden)[/sub], Hilderaldo Bellini [sub](Brazil)[/sub], Nílton Santos [sub](Brazil)[/sub]

Midfielders: Yuriy Voynov [sub](Soviet Union)[/sub], Horst Szymaniak [sub](West Germany)[/sub]

Forwards: Garrincha [sub](Brazil)[/sub], Didi [sub](Brazil)[/sub], Raymond Kopa [sub](France)[/sub], Pelé [sub](Brazil)[/sub], Lennart Skoglund [sub](Sweden)[/sub]

Though Just Fontaine received the most votes of any forward, they were split between the left and right inside forward positions, thus he did not receive enough for either position to make it into the team.

Arcanda, Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Zanbala Prz, Great Southern Land, Teymour, 2Nd New England Commonwealth

[list]

[sup]SEPTEMBER, 1958[/sup]

[sup]NUOVI PROGRAMMI DI DIFESA.[/sup]

-

NEW DEFENSE AND AVIATION PROGRAMS

[sub]ITALY, ROME — MORNING[/sub]

____

[/list]

| Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella announced a plethora of new defense programs aimed to bolster Italian presence in the Mediterranean, improve its aerial capabilities and increase self sufficiency. Primarily, the programs are focused on the Italian Air Force though Pella stated Italy was due for a major fleet expansion and renovation within the coming years. Beyond military aviation programs, civil aviation programs were also announced to increase its aviation industry which was seen as a major new industry for Italy going into the 1960s. The first major program announced was the Pellegrino interceptor program which aims to domestically design and develop and a high speed interceptor aircraft as well as a air to air missile to pair with it. Fiat Aviazione, who also developed the Fiat G.91 which won the NATO competition, was contracted to design the aircraft while Selenia was contracted to design the air to air missile. Caproni, Aerfer and Fiat was jointly contracted to design the turbojet. A first flight date is slated for 1962, which production beginning anywhere from 1963 to 1965. The Pellegrino Interceptor has the following specifications. |

[list]

[sup]PELLEGRINO INTERCEPTOR[/sup]

[sup]

CREW: 1

POWERPLANT: F.C.A. 1

THRUST: 16,000 LBS

MAX SPEED: 1578 MPH AT 45,000 FEET

COMBAT RANGE: 500 MILES

FERRY RANGE: 2600 MILES

SERVICE CEILING: 55,000 FEET

RATE OF CLIMB: 21,000 FEET PER MINUTE

ARMAMENT: 2 30 MM CANNONS

8 VELOCE AIR TO AIR MISSILES [/sup][/list]

| The specifications for the Veloce air to air missile are as follows |

[list]

[sup]VELOCE[/sup]

[sup]WARHEAD: 35KG

WEIGHT: 139 KG

RANGE: 28 KM

SPEED: MACH 4[/sup][/list]

| One of the most important aspects going forward in the Italian aviation industry and its overall manufacturing sphere was the creation of domestically built aircraft. Italy was one of the fastest growing aviation markets and its central location in comparison to Europe and wealth of tourist attractions makes it primed to become a hub for international and business travel. 2 new major projects were announced, the first one being a new international airport in Rome called da Vinci International Airport, this airport would have 4 runways and replace the older, smaller international airport that was in Rome. The second major project was a new domestically designed jet airliner coupled with a domestically designed turbofan engine. Piaggio was contracted to design the airliner while the Fiat-Caproni-Aerfer consortium was contracted to design the turbofan. The plane was to be named the Piaggio.100 |

[list]

[sup]PIAGGIO.100[/sup]

[sup]FLIGHT CREW: 3-4

SEATS: 100

ENGINES: 4X F.C.A. C1X

RANGE: 3000 KM

SPEED: 524 MPH

CEILING: 37,000 FEET [/sup][/list]

| The Piaggio.100 has 2 variants: the Piaggio.101 and the Piaggio.102, with them have seating of 115 and 130 respectively and larger ranges of 3200 KM and 3500 KM respectively. The first flight is slated for 1962 with the first order being delivered some time in 1964. Currently Alitalia has ordered 35 Piaggio.100's and 10 Piaggio.102's and will be the launch customer. Lowcost European airliner based in Milan, Itavia, ordered 20 Piaggio.100's. |

[list]____[/list]

Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Great Southern Land, Teymour, The Republic Of Choline

June 1958

Victory over the United Front Ceasfire Called

After immense difficulties Dahomey prevailed over the Communist United Front forces in Kandi. King Togni-Ahoussou announced a comprehensive cease-fire signed between Prime Minister Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin representing the Kingdom and Mathieu Kérékou representing the Communists. In the comprehensive peace treaty, the CUF agreed to lay down their arms and surrender all held territories to government forces. In return the government would allow the CUF to participate legally in all future elections. Finally all crimes committed by members of the CUF would be forgiven and sentences reduced for those held in jail. A true day of peace shines down on the Kingdom.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Great Southern Land, Teymour

[list][sup]MAY 1958[/sup]

WARSAW PACT, COMECON AND IRAN [/list]

___

[sup]MOSCOW, RUSSIAN SFSR, USSR[/sup]

___

| The Warsaw Pact, known officially as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, is a collective defense organization signed in Warsaw, Poland signed by the USSR, the seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe, the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma in May 1955. Said bloc was created as a counterweight to the newly formed NATO alliance, the French Union and the British Commonwealth. The Warsaw Treaty's organization is two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political issues, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters again in Warsaw, Poland The Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization is Ivan Konev, and is in overall command of the military forces of the Warsaw Pact. Aleksei Antonov is Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, and is in command of the Combined Staff of the military forces of the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact itself was the military counterpart to the Economic Union known officially as the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, but commonly known as COMECON or CMEA. The founding states in COMECON are identical to the founders of the Warsaw Treaty Organization|

| One of the newest nations to enter the Warsaw Pact and Comecon is the Republic of Iran, lead by Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, who has lead the country since 1951, who has over the past decade fostered a careful warming of relations with the USSR as it slowly became more and more leftist. This is the culmination of all of that, Iran's full entry into the Socialist World, and the Union welcomes them with open arms. As a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON they are entitled to certain privileges, in specific a significant discount on soviet weaponry of all kinds, economic assistance from the USSR, and full military protection from all members. |

___

| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

___

Arcanda, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Great Southern Land, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

August 15, 1958, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. First up, the Government has set up a loan program for foreign nations, using gold as collateral. This programs shall allow some foreign governments to borrow money from Peru on a 30 year loan basis. The gold would act as a collateral. A nation would provide a given amount of gold to Peru and Peru would pay above the Peruvian market rate for that Gold. If a nation defaults on its payments, Peru keeps the gold. If a nation completes all the payments, the gold would be returned to the borrowing nation. The average interest rate for that gold is 5%. In other news, the Treasury has announced a new coin going into circulation, celebrating the elimination of socialism and socialists from Peru. This coin, minted in pure 99.99% silver shall commemorate the refounding of the Peruvian government under Capitalism and the Odriist National Union. This coin features Manuel A. Odría on the face of the coin, while the other side of the coin shows an image of the Treasury Building in Lima. This coin is currently running a limited minting and only one million of these coins shall be in circulation. In other news, the Peruvian government has announced the Rangers Corps, a non-military group dedicated to surveying the rainforest for natural resources that may lay beneath the trees. This new organization shall rely mostly on private funding. Despite the name, the group is not a part of the military and shall not carry military arms, aside from rifles to protect themselves from the wildlife native to the rainforest. This group shall also only survey the parts of the rainforest in Peru and shall also catalogue any wildlife found in the rainforest, in case more species are found. As a final story of the day, Peruvian businesses have lobbied for an increase in tariffs on foreign goods; however, the proposal failed when it was pointed out that Peru was not in a good economic position to afford placing that level of tariffs on foreign goods.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Otsla, Liberalina, Kiger, Great Southern Land

[list][list]~ 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐑𝐎𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐁𝐒 ~

ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴏᴡɴꜰᴀʟʟ ᴏꜰ ꜱʜɪꜱʜᴀᴋʟɪ, ᴇɴᴅ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱꜱɴᴘ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴡ ᴅᴀᴡɴ ᴏꜰ ꜱʏʀɪᴀ‌[/list][/list]

[sup]After the downfall of the Shishakli regime, a new government was quickly established in the power vacuum. Elections were held and Shukri al-Quwatli the exile was victorious and once sought to bring order and unity in the torn nation. However, al-Quwatli's government was internally divided as the fall of the SSNP brought back the radical Ba'thist and Syrian communists back from years of hiding. Both parties seemed uncontrollable and al-Quwatli feared them potentially overthrowing the government. With little trust in the western powers after the CIA aided Za'im in the original coup of Kamal, al-Quwatli sought stronger ties with the East. But Seeing no way to preserve his position through domestic maneuvering, the government turned to Egypt's President Gamal Abdul Nasser for help. The subject was brought up again in December 1957, when the Ba'ath Party announced that it was drafting a bill for union with Egypt. Although the Ba'th Party did not do this out of some sense of unity with Nasser, rather they saw it as an opportunity to not only gain influence in the new UAR government but also spread itself all over the Arab region. The Ba'thist also did this as a reaction to the Communist's own draft bill for unification which advocated for absolute unity. For the Communists, this was also an opportunity to not only gain a foothold but also connect with Egypt's own Communist movements. As for the less radical elements of Syria's political scene, it was a matter of the fear of Israel and the fear of attempting to stand in the way of Arabism. The quest for unity mainly came from the rapid waves of pan-Arabist sentiment that had been building since the rise of Nasser. It's without a doubt that the incorporation of the gulf states greatly boosted the reputation of Nasser as the leader of the Arab world. al-Quwatli would go before the Syrian Parliament and propose a resolution for Syrian membership into the United Arab Republic. The proposal was unanimously approved by the parliament, thus now it was a matter of getting Cairo to agree to unification. On the 28th of October, 1958, Egyptian ambassador Abbas Sohliyeh would be invited to Damascus to witness this desire for unity. Thus the near completion of the Brotherhood.[/sup]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Arcanda, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Not Xav, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Anglo Channel, Great Southern Land, Teymour

[list][list][pre]1958[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][pre]U KÂ

NEW LABOUR[/pre][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre][/pre]

[sup]SINCE THE QUEBEC CRISIS[/sup][/list][/list]

[list][list]The United Kingdom and her commonwealth were a very different state of affairs since the Quebeckers voted for independence, seen as a U.D.I. by the Conserative government, but only after PM Rothschild called for a general, the Conservatives remained at the helm of parliament even if Rothschild did not. Replaced by the quieter, Sir Alec Douglas-Home. That slim majority did not last for long and the breaking of Sir Douglas-HomeÂ’s government forced an election in the fall of 1958.

Out from the second snap in two years, Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell won Labour its seat back in the helm since the days of Attlee. Gaitskell unlike other counterparts in his party was reserved too, and knew the stresses of the Empire were showing. Quebec, gone, Australia nearly there. Gaitskell had made sure to scrap Labour’s more leftist items from the party banners, like the proposed adoption of  unilateral nuclear disarmament and efforts to join the European common markets outright.

These arrangements gave ease to the British establishment, but the seas ahead were not to be clear for those who looked for the relaxing industry nationalization and business interests of Rothschild and Douglas-Home. Gaitskell and Labour had so much more planned. A National Health Service designed to withstand the coming decades. A possible nationalization scheme of the cab fleet service, limitations on lordships and their titles, and in more leftist wings of the party, the end of public schools and dialogue with the Soviet Union.[/list][/list]

Arcanda, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Great Southern Land, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list]FEBRUARY — AUGUST 1957

JEDDAH, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

A DEMONSTRATION OF REVOLUTIONARY POWER[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"In all their struggles, the Arab people firmly believe in their armed forces, in the Arab army which is determined to protect their holy mission and to sacrifice everything for the cause of Arab nationalism. We all believe that our survival depends on the defence of Arab unity. The obliteration of Arab nationalism from any Arab country means that our turn will come to defend nationalism in our country. The obliteration of Arab nationalism in Palestine is a sign of danger to us. Should we slacken or weaken, our turn will come; we shall suffer the same fate as Palestine. My compatriots, we must not view the defence of our territory as separate from the wider Arab struggle. Those of you who are stationed in Jeddah, in Riyadh, in Sakaka and elsewhere are not just defending these cities. No! Your cause is much greater than that! You are defending the Arab nation, with all its glamorous history, its people, those martyred in its name and the very soul of its ideals! We must never understate the importance of this mission, as new factors have appeared, for at this stage, after we had gained our great victory over the forces of despotism in the July Revolution, counter revolutionaries have emerged. They feel the time had come to strike at the Arab nationalist movement and destroy it, because they saw in it an obstacle to their domination of the Arab countries their goal of plundering the wealth of the people!"[/sub]

[sub]"Those factors: the followers of the he Arab monarchies, who represent nothing but a hatred for the Arab nation, are racked with traitorous schemes down to their own bones! They are the ones who invited colonial tutelage to the Arab countries and thus profit off the enslavement and serfdom. They are the ones who trick the people with delusions, shamefully disguised as the faith derived from our holy books! They have misled us all, so we can never awaken and recognize the miserable circumstances imposed upon us by royal decree. But the people have woken up! They see how Arab unity can never be realized under the guidance of monarchy, because Arab unity frees the people, gives them dignity, provides them strength and a sense of belonging which threatens all tyranny! These opportunists continue to resist us. They wage a campaign of brutality against our Republic. They could have accepted the will of the people but they chose to weaken the Arab nation and to discredit its nationalism! So we will fight and struggle against their betrayal and the torrent of the Arab Revolution will remove the fatalism of tyrannical regimes. With the blessings of the entire nation, their crowns will be crushed under the weight of our resolve!"[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[/list]

[list][list][sub]It had been approximately 11 months since the Eastern Uprising, which led to the extension of the United Arab Republic to the coastline of the Gulf. Most notably however, the uprising established an unforeseen relationship between Arab nationalists and the local ruling dynasties, characterized by an attempt on behalf of Nasser to balance the personal dynastic interests with popular nationalist emotions. This tactic was largely unexpected due to Nasser's political stances which rejected the foundations of dynastic rule. Yet at the time, such an arrangement was necessary in the hope that it will avoid a post-Revolution loyalist insurgency, as was seen following the collapse of the Saudi Kingdom. These hopes, were thoroughly disappointed, as a rebellious Omani Imamate and Upper Yafa took shape by May 1956. These two rebellions, which added to an existing Wahhabist insurrection, placed strain on relationship between the remaining dynasties and the central government in Cairo. As Nasser and those closest to him wanted to avoid becoming 'partners' with the local dynasties as the British colonial authorities had prior to 1956. Tensions increased following an increase in revolutionary zeal among Arab nationalists, originating from the 1st Arabist Conference, which resulted in the ideals of the ruling National Unity Movement were defined in opposition to 'Old Regimes'. It was a warning of things to come. Nasser had been given critical time to establish a stronger foothold in the Arab Gulf, through relieving royalist auxiliary forces and replacing them with elements of the United Arab Armed Forces. On March 13th 1957, he visited Jeddah to review local units of the armed forces, performing a speech that included a new level of hostile anti-Monarchist rhetoric. The speech was broadcasted via Radio Cairo throughout the UAR, provoking popular support for Republican beliefs and signalling a thinning patience with the remaining Gulf monarchies. These maneuvers reached their climax in a session of the National Assembly, called by President Nasser on March 20th 1957. Where the largest party, the National Unity Movement, unanimously sought to: 'abolish all special titles, privileges and powers held by dynastic institutions and to declare properties of such institutions under public ownership'. The legislation was the first major step in the revolutionary program of combatting the 'Three Olds', sending shockwaves in the Arab Gulf and coinciding with placing the former royals under temporary house arrest. It was a demonstration of force and of Nasser's presence in the Arab east despite the ongoing process of consolidation. A mutiny of tribal forces under the Al-Busaidi Dynasty in Muscat and similar events provoked by the Al-Khalifa Dynasty of Bahrain, quickly emerged in opposition. Both uprisings would be crushed by April. The limited scope of dynastic uprisings was no mistake either. The nationalist victory at Sakaka had cast doubts over the success of violent insurrections, while the isolation provided by mountainous terrain to Upper Yafa and the Imamate, was not present in the Arab Gulf. Furthermore, in the case of rulers such as Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah of Kuwait and Ali Al-Abdali of Lahej, some monarchs were accepting of the pan-Arab ethos and saw in the new democratic system of the UAR, a method to retain political influence through elected mandates. Therefore, to frame all monarchs in opposition to the Arab nationalist cause, something Nasser's rhetoric itself gives credence to, does not take into account those monarchs who accepted the transfer of power and engaged with the emergent institutions. [/sub]

[sub]In Arabia the Saudi loyalist insurgency was withering, not due to a concerted military effort on behalf of the Arab nationalists, but under a series of unforeseen challenges. The scorching August heat of Nejd had dried up the seasonal wadis and oasis' which provided sources of water, ushering in a period of reduced activity and enhanced resource conservation for the local bedouin tribes. However, as insurgents, this period of rest could not be pursued, especially under the buildup of Arab nationalist forces in Nejd. Therefore, in a testament to their faith and perseverance, the Mujahideen continued their operations, launching raids into the countryside of Ha'il throughout mid-August. To sustain their supplies, they engaged in the forceful confiscation of goods possessed by the local Bedouins, which would lead to these tribal leaderships siding with the government for protection and vengeance against the Wahhabists. The Shammar, who were conquered by the House of Saud in 1921, would be the most notable and diligent of the Bedouin, providing useful recon to the United Arab Armed Forces and new fighting volunteers. Furthermore, not all the Mujahideen would be so lucky in attaining what they needed to survive from the Bedouins. Going so far as to turn themselves in if it meant receiving a drink of water or treatment for injuries. Often these deserters would be transported back to Riyadh to receive such treatments, where they would be photographed, for the purpose of showcasing their miserable, malnourished and dehydrated state as to dissuade anyone from joining the Wahhabist cause. In Upper Yafa, the auxiliaries loyal to the local Sheikhs, who had suffered mortar fire from their base at Mahjaba, attempted a southward push on August 20th. Armed with equipment originally supplied to them by the British to guard the Yemeni frontier from the Ottoman Empire in WW1, the auxiliaries were quickly beaten back with assistance from air squadrons, hurriedly sent from bases in Sudan. An attack by the United Arab Armed Forces, with support of the former-Sheikh of Lahej, Ali Al-Abdali, took the Upper Yafan capital of Mahjaba on August 25th and established a connection to the Mutawakkilite Border. Following that Muhammad Al-Harhara, the last Sheikh of Upper Yafa, agreed to abdicate, leading to the instalment of a new local government elected by the tribes of Upper Yafa, which then abolished the Sheikhdom on August 28th. Preceding the defeat of the Upper Yafa rebellion, Imam Ghalib Al-Hina'i, attempted to retake the Nizwa, which had been occupied since May 1956. The Arab nationalist garrison in the area had been weakened as many of its forces were redeployed to quell the Al-Busaidi mutiny around Muscat, allowing the Imam to retake Nizwa in a victory which cost him many fighters and exposed the Imamate's forces to a concerted effort of air and mortar strikes. These developments still show that their is resistance to the United Arab Republic and that its consolidation period is still ongoing. However the power behind these insurrections is in a state of decline, as resources become more limited, climate more unforgiving and the United Arab Armed Forces more present. [/sub]

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Great Southern Land, Gaia Major

[list][sub]The New York Times[/sub][/list]

[list][sub]The United States of America[/sub][/list]

International

US FORMS NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

[sup]Houston | The United States of America[/sup]

[list][sup]JULY 1958[/sup][/list]

[sup] HOUSTON - Following the so-called Sputnik-crisis late last year and the subsequent launch of the American Explorer-1, the U.S. Congress urged immediate and swift action as the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. A group formed by NACA known as “Special Committee on Space Technology" was originally responsible for most of America’s space projects. However President Eisenhower had signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which officially formalized the creation of a new Federal agency known as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA. Operations in NASA are soon to begin this early October with three major research laboratories and two test facilities being planned to open. The formation of NASA has now allowed for the United States to seek its own projects in launching rockets into space. While this new federal agency would conduct all non-military space activity, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created in February 1958 to develop space technology for military application. With NASA creation, they inherited NACA's X-15 experimental rocket-powered hypersonic research aircraft, developed in conjunction with the US Air Force and Navy and thus will be using it for further research and development. This is now a step forward in America’s goal in the race to the cosmos as the Soviet Union history making effort of launching the first ever satellite into orbit which threw the United States into a media frenzy late last year. [/sup]

FBI CAPTURES SEVERAL ‘ALLEGED’ SOVIET SPIES, AMERICA DENOUNCES COMMUNISM, VIEWS IT AS THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND DEMOCRACY

[sup]District of Columbia | The United States of America[/sup]

[list][sup]AUGUST 1958[/sup][/list]

[sup]The FBI conducted a series of raids today in several major cities capturing alleged Soviet spies operating in the United States. The suspects were believed to have connections with the Communist Party of the United States and the Soviet Union. Tensions continue to grow between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as the Soviet Premier Anastas Mikoyan, denounced America’s intervention in Latin America citing the United Fruit Company as the ‘right hand man of the American menace’. Mikoyan’s threats however were immediately rebuked by President Eisenhower as he condemned Communism for its threats to international peace and democracy. America has vowed that it will continue the fight against the Communist menace and that it will work with its Allies to ensure that world peace, liberty, and democracy is upheld. The alleged Soviet Spies will be charged with espionage against the USA as the nation tightens protections against subversive infiltration of the US Government, defining disloyalty as membership on a list of subversive organizations.[/sup]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Great Southern Land, Teymour, Gaia Major

Ivory Coast- July 1958

Phase One Complete: Economic Slowdown Expected

The great railway project started by the French in 1956 has completed its goal of initial Phase One. Now many rail workers face the looming threat of layoffs, as it is currently unknown if the railway will continue into Phase Two. The Ivory Coast especially faces a mounting crisis as many workers employed to finish the work now have no place to go. The government desperate to prevent the coming economic crisis passed two bills, President Félix Houphouët-Boigny passed the Infrastructure Relief Act: deploying workers to expand existing roads, and railways into rural areas of the nation. The second act passed by President Houphouët-Boigny was the Foreign Worker Act: wherein an agreement with the Malian Government Ivory Coast workers would be allowed to continue working on Phase 2 with Malian workers in the Federations’ land. Both Mali, and Ivory Coast would help contribute to the laying of the roads.

Otsla, Liberalina, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major

Togoland : August 1958

Trouble for the Togolese Party of National Unity:

It has been 7 months since the parliament has taken office guiding the nation from French colonialism, to a now guided and occupied independence. President Sylvanus Olympio has reportedly lost 40% of his one-party system support. These members led by Nicolas Grunitzky as an unofficial Party of Togolese Progress. This new unofficial party was considered social liberal calling for reconciliation with the communist rebels, like in Dahomey, as well as implementation of a true multiparty democracy, and ending the occupation by Mali, and France. This unofficial voting bloc stands as a major hurdle for any further dictatorial actions taken by President Olympio. Acts passed by President Olympio including the suspension of liberties for criminals, and suppression of press freedoms. This disenfranchised many including Grunitzky who had studied and worked under the French colonial government and subscribed to a more European, multiparty democracy had been a long time critic of both the communists and militarists. His support of the coalition government had always been contentious but after the suppression of free press he joined a growing opposition government party as its unofficial Leader of Opposition.

Otsla, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

Malian Imperial Federation: July 1958

Trial of the Traitors:

Over 3000 leading members of the Traditionalist Party, and Traditional Paramilitary Front, were sentenced to death after a short 2 month court case. All 3000 leading members were sentenced to death by guillotine, the first execution took place shortly thereafter with Mamadou Dia, being the first sentence carried out. He was led through the streets being berated and having rotten food, garbage and excrement thrown at him. Upon reaching the guillotine which was located a short walk from the courthouse to the square which would soon be the location of the new parliament building, Dia gave a short speech. He claimed the government had betrayed him, and warned the Malian people to be diligent. His last words were, “And I wonder if they will do it to you too?”His head was picked up and shown to the crowd before being thrown into it. A new name would come to be known for the city square in Timbuktu, the Red Square of Africa.

Construction: Phase One of the Railway Completed Phase Two Begins:

Following the completion of the initial phase one of railway construction for the Dakar-Port of Sudan railway many wondered if the project would continue due to the drastically different situation that had transpired than when the plan was initially developed. Prime Minister Louis announced that the plan would continue, and with help and investments from the Ivory Coast, it is expected the plan may expand even further and ahead of schedule.

Otsla, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[list][list]~ 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐋𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐍 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐔𝐍𝐈𝐓𝐘 ~

ʙʟᴀᴄᴋ ᴏᴜʀ ᴏᴅᴇ ᴛᴏ ɢʟᴏʀʏ! ʀᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀʀᴛʏʀꜱ! ɢʀᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅʀᴇᴀᴍ ᴏꜰ ᴜɴɪᴛʏ![/list][/list]

[sup]6th of January, 1958, President al-Quwatli witnessing the mass wave of pan-Arab sentiment left him with a feeling of euphoria and unease. Nasser's recent victories in the gulf states only further cemented himself as the leader of the Arab World. To make any attempt to resists or undermine this mass flood, could almost be considered political suicide. The Syrian Parliament was a bickering mess of Ba'thist, Communists, and Conservatives. While in exile the Ba'athist merged with the Arab Socialist Party (ASP), led by Akram al-Hawrani to establish the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (ASBP) in Lebanon following Adib Shishakli's and the SSNP's rise to power. When the regime fell the ASBP returned under the leadership of Aflaq, al-Bitar, and al-Hawrani, taking part in the elections getting a total of 22 members elected to parliament. The ASBP also landed two important government positions, Bitar was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Khalil Kallas became Minister of Economics. This increase in influence can largely be attributed to al-Hawrani; several old ASP strongholds voted for the Ba'ath Party because of al-Hawrani's presence. For the Syrian Communist Party, they came back to the political field weaker than before. The SSNP in particular persecuted the communists much more than the Baathist during their reign. While they may have lost much of their original political force, the communist still managed to secure one seat in Parliament. The communists also managed to secure the position of Chief of Staff, with Lieutenant General. Afif al-Bizri occupying the position. al-Bizri himself never openly declared himself a member of the party, but he secretly had close links to the Party. Unity was in short supply and the situation would only seem to further devolve as the leftist influence grew within the government. Not to mention that the SSNP still had a great many followers amongst the general public, despite the party disbanding or its leaders imprisoned. However, al-Quwatli was wise enough to realize that the situation was mirroring the crisis of 1949 in terms of instability. Not willing to risk another coup like the last time Quwatli would show the initiative. On that 6th day of January, President al-Quwatli despite opposition from within his own government and cabinet, made way to the National Parliament and before the members of Parliament proposed the 'National Referendum for Unity'. The bill was drafted as a legislative referendum to gauge the Syrian public on the idea of Syria joining the United Arab Republic. Over the period of a week, polling stations worked diligently to gather the votes of thousands across the nation on unification with the UAR. To no one's surprise, the vote was overwhelmingly for Syrian ascension into the UAR. Once the results came into Damascus, the Syrian parliament was quick to pass the referendum with a whopping 89% approval for unification with the UAR, while the rest voted against the union. al-Quwatli seeing the writing on the wall was quick to attempt to capitalize on the situation. He made a petition to Parliament to change the Syrian national anthem and national flag to match that of the UAR. Ḥumāt ad-Diyār ('Guardians of the Homeland') would be sung one last time in the halls of the national palace and in exchange "𝓦𝓪𝓵𝓵𝓪 𝓩𝓪𝓶𝓪𝓷 𝓨𝓪 𝓢𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓱𝔂" ('Oh for ages, my weapon!'). The flag of Syria would also be given its finals honors at the national palace. The Syrian independence flag had been around since the 14th of May, 1930, and was adopted by article IV of the Syrian constitution, 'flag's green color stood for the Rashidun, white represented the Umayyads and black symbolized the Abbasids.' The three stars symbolic meaning often changed with various military rulers that came to power, under the Kamal government the stars represented Peace, Democracy, and Fraternity. Under the regime of al-Za'im and Shishakli, they took the interpretation of Order, Unity, and Progress. But now, the banner of Arab unity would fly over the palace, its colors red, white, and black with two green stars signaling the beginning of an unbreakable brotherhood.[/sup]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Great Southern Land, Teymour

[list]

[sup]DECEMBER, 1958[/sup]

[sup]INIZIATIVA INCONTRO ESTERO.[/sup]

-

PRIME MINISTER PELLA VISITS Czabalkia

[sub]FRANCE, PARIS — MORNING[/sub]

____

[/list]

| Prime Minister Giuseppe PellaÂ’s Foreign Outreach Initiative, thus far, had been fairly successful, with meetings taking place in UAR and Persia with significant deals being struck in both nations. However, Prime Minister PellaÂ’s meeting with the French could by far prove to be the most consequential and important, both in terms of defense but also its economic conditions and trade volume. France is ItalyÂ’s largest trade partner, both in terms of exports and imports, with the value of the trade being exponential. France is also one of EuropeÂ’s largest and most powerful armed forces, with only the Soviet Union besting it, in terms of ItalyÂ’s bordered nations, France is the most powerful. Italy had numerous goals it wanted to complete in its meeting with France and its strong President, Charles de Gaulle. Italy wanted to implement free trade between the nations and freedom of movement, which could benefit business and tourist industries in both nations alike. The need for an aircraft carrier also became apparent in the Italian Navy to engage in anti submarine operations, defense and coast guard operations. While it wasnÂ’t out of the question for Italy to design and build its own aircraft carrier, it was seen as a cheaper and more reliable option to simply purchase one from France, thus that was also a major goal of Pella. The following is a list of agreements and deals France and Italy struck during the meeting in Paris. |

[list]

[sup]- SHARED CONTINENTAL CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION.[/sup]

[sup]Italy, France and West Germany will create a joint customs organization which would allow for cheaper, and easier travel which could potentially spark a major boost in tourism in all nations.[/sup]

[sup]- FREE TRADE AGREEMENT.[/sup]

[sup]Italy and France will sign a free trade agreement which could significantly make Italian products in France cheaper and vice versa and increase the already large trade volume between the 2 nations..[/sup]

[sup]- OIL AND GAS AGREEMENT.[/sup]

[sup]French Algeria will supply Italy with oil and gas, this comes after a similar deal with the UAR, thus securing 100% of ItalyÂ’s oil and gas needs with nearby nations. [/sup]

[sup]- CROSS EUROPEAN RAIL.[/sup]

[sup]A railway will be built from the Kiel Canal to Sicily, running through West Germany, the Rhineland and then down into Austria to Taranto. The railway would move goods, people and more, making it a major infrastructure project. [/sup]

[sup]- AIRCRAFT CARRIER PURCHASE.[/sup]

[sup]France will build Italy a Clemenceau Aircraft Carrier which could carry up to 40 planes and successfully fill the goals of the Italian Navy. A stipulation placed on the purchase by France was that the carrier be used for Defense and Peacekeeping operations only, in which Italy obliged to. [/sup]

[sup]- HIGH SPEED RAIL EXPLORATION COMMITTEE.[/sup]

[sup]France and Italy will form a High Speed Rail Exploration Committee to study the feasibility of high speed rail between Rome and Paris, which would also connect major cities along the way such as Milan, Lyon and more. [/sup] [/list]

| Domestically, Prime Minister Pella was praised for the deals made, especially the free trade agreement, though some anti trade dogs remarked that the the Free Trade Agreement would cause the Italian market to be flooded with French products, Pella responded to such criticism by calling it “fundamentally false”, with him going on to say any dips of market share domestically to French products would most likely be made up overseas in France. |

[list]

____

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Great Southern Land, Teymour, Prussia Poland, The Republic Of Choline

Hello everyone

Grand Indochina

Grand Indochina wrote:Hi

How are you

Grand Indochina

Grand Indochina wrote:Good, thank you.

Glad to hear , just looking around for a region to join at the moment

Grand Indochina

ÇOHU NGA HIRI, SHQIPËRI![/B]

[sub]December 1958 | Republika Demokratike Popullore e Shqipërisë[/sub]

[I]Sitting on the cusp of the new year, the Albanian People's Democratic Republic had passed it's point of divergence and now remained seated firmly as a full-fledged member of the Warsaw Pact after the silent purge of Pro-Hoxhaist and anti-Soviet elements of the Revolutionary Patriotic Union, the ruling Communist Party. After an important diplomatic hosting of Soviet Premier Anastas Mikoyan by Albanian Prime Minister Nexh Boshnjaku in Tirana late December, a series of political, economic, and military terms of mutual cooperation were attained by both countries, laying the groundwork for a lasting friendship and, above all else, an alliance between the Soviet Union and the RDP Shqipërisë. The deals culminate a strong willingness of the Soviet Union to support the formerly wayward Albania, just under twelve meager years old.[/I]

[List]•Approval of Multi-million dollar, seven-year delivery arrangement, military upgrade package: [I]Encompassing all branches of the National People's Vanguard of Albania, Army, Navy, and Air Force, the Soviet Union anchored a massive purchase of military armaments and equipment from the now pro-Soviet outfit leading the fanatically anti-west, anti-revisionist, National People's Vanguard. The massive arms purchases would be delivered in several installments lasting until 1966, a seven-year delivery with multiple stages.

[Spoiler=RDP Shqipërisë — CCCP]Army & Ground-Air Defense:

•43 × T-62 main battle tanks

•90 × T-54/55 main battle tanks

•29 × SU-100 tank destroyer

•56 × ASU-85 airborne self-propelled gun

•150 × PT-76B amphibious light tank

•75 × ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" SPAAG

•20 × ZSU-57-2 "Sparka" SPAAG

•Hundreds of ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft guns, batteries, and installations

•S-75 Dvina air-defense SAM systems

•S-125 Neva/Pechora air-defense SAM systems

•190 × P-12 "Yenisei" ("Spoon Rest A") early warning ground control radars

•177 × P-14 ("Tall King") early warning ground control radars

Navy:

•11 × Whiskey-class Patrol submarines

•6 × Whiskey-class Twin Cylinder submarines

•4 × Whiskey-class Long Bin submarines

•2 × Ropucha-class landing ships (upon release)

•P-15 Termit surface-to-surface anti-ship missile coastal defense batteries

[U][B]Air Forces and Transport:

•20 × Yakovlev Yak-28I "Brewer-C"

•18 × Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19S "Farmer-C"

•10 × Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19PM "Farmer-E"

•16 × Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21PF "Fishbed-C" (upon release)

•11 × Mil Mi-4A "Hound" assault transport helicopter

•4 × Mil Mi-6 "Hook" heavy transport helicopter (upon release)

•6 × Yakovlev Yak-24 "Horse" heavy transport helicopter

•3 × Ilyushin Il-18 turboprop airliner/transport

•6 × Antonov An-8 light military transport

•9 × Antonov An-10 transport aircraft[/spoiler][/list]

[List]•Soviet Union allocates resources to back two major national railway extensions: Hekurudha Shqiptare, Albania's national state-owned railway company, was promised to receive aid in it's major upcoming extension projects. Officially, Hekurudha Shqiptare had approved funding for two line extensions with the possibility of a third in the tendering. The first of the two recently approved projects proposed extending the main service line over 212km from Fier to Korçë, with a layover station in Berat lying at the halfway point of both cities. The second proposed a shorter, 180km line extension from the railway's end at Vlorë station to the coastal city of Sarandë, seated elegantly along the open sea gulf of the Ioanian Sea. Alongside the financial aid in construction and development, Moscow additionally pledged to provide up to date Soviet П36 and ЛВ class  locomotive steam engines as a gift from Mikoyan to jump-start the rail expansion projects. The projects are estimated to reach completion by late 1964 and mid 1965, respectively.[/list]

[List]•Agreement to establish permanent bi-lateral military installations on Sazan Island in the Bay of Vlorë: [I]Terms were reached and agreed upon mutually by both parties to establish bi-lateral military installations on Sazan Island in the Bay of Vlorë in southern Albania. The agreement ultimately would see the construction of a submarine pen and sub maintenance facility, and a larger base of undisclosed nature, both of which meant for bi-lateral use. The projects are estimated to reach completion by mid-late 1961.[/list]

[List]•Agreement to build a joint shipyard in conjunction with existing facilities of the Pasha Liman Naval Base in Vlorë: [I]With the existence of a minor shipyard in Durrës, Prime Minister Nexh Boshnjaku personally sought to expand maritime heavy industries, namely shipbuilding and naval maintenance, to prove itself a reliable shipbuilding partner in the Mediterranean, of which was considered a lacking aspect within the Warsaw Pact. The project is estimated to reach completion between late 1962 and early 1963.[/list]

[List]•Agreement to construct Palace of Cultures in Skanderbeg Square, Tirana in 1959: [I]In addition to the other strides made in friendship and cooperation between the RDP Shqipërisë and the USSR, the final seal of alliance was the Palace of Cultures, proposed to be hosted in the Pazari i Vjeter area of Tirana in Skanderbeg Square. In adherence to the communist country's declaration of state atheism and a show of good faith to the Soviet Union, both the old bazaar and the historic mosque of Mahmud Muhsin Bey Stërmasi were to be destroyed to make room for the grounds of the future Palace of Culture, an elegant opera house in Stalinist-style architecture. The Palace of Culture of Tirana, as it is officially being coined, is estimated to reach completion by early 1963.[/list]

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz

[list][list][list][list][list]The Afrikaner Issue Solved

[sub]December 25th 1958[/sub]

[sup]January 11th 2021[/sup][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list]

The Afrikaner issue is one that has plagued Western Australia for a long time. From 1890-1900, 800 000 Afrikaners were taken from their homeland in South Africa and relocated to Western Australia. However, the Western Australian government was never in favour of this. In 1900, Western Australia's population was only 189 000, so the sudden influx of Afrikaners felt like a threat to the colony.

Many Western Australians have long pleaded for the Afrikaners to be returned to South Africa, or at least taken from the loosely populated state. Many have felt that their culture and way of life was threatened by the Afrikaners. Western Australian Governor Sir Hector Rason said in 1905 that the Afrikaners were 'a threat to Western Australian culture, language, and the wider colony,' with fears that Western Australia would turn into a 'second South Africa.'

It was under Rason that the Afrikaners Limitation Act 1906 was passed, that mandated that Afrikaners were not allowed to move outside of the Great Southern and Kimberly regions of Western Australia, the could not move house without government position, could only have one child, could only marry other Afrikaners, and were banned from Perth metropolitan area, and were not counted in the census. All were forced into 'Australian Culture and Language Classes.' This remained until 1945, when Governor Frank Wise rebuked the legislation. Around 100 000 left the colony from 1945 to 1958.

The stance on Afrikaners has been a complicated one. On one hand, they greatly outnumber Western Australians, and have the protentional to seriously skew Western Australian demographics and culture. On the other hand, they have greatly contributed to the State and many were born here. As a result, a compromise was made today.

Afrikaners will be allowed to apply to move to other states, with each state taking on a proportional amount of Afrikaners. Incentives will be given for less populated or appealing states like Tasmania, and the government will try to get the immigrants into their preferred states. There are around 800 000 Afrikaners and descendants from forced deportation Afrikaners, with the states taking on approximately the following number of Afrikaners;

New South Wales (NSW):_______242 320

Victoria (VIC):________________180 640

New Zealand (NZ):____________150 000

Northern Territory (NT):_________61 760

South Australia (SA):___________59 760

Western Australia (WA):_________45 600

Queensland (QLD):_____________38 160

Tasmania (TAS):_______________21 760

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Teymour, Prussia Poland

[sub]28 December 1958[/sub]

[sup]The Afrikaner Issue[/sup]

Swedish ambassador to Australasia commends recent government decision on Afrikaners

The ambassador of Sweden to the Australasian Federation, Carl Bergenstråhle, has released a statement commending the decision by the Australasian government to finally allow for Afrikaners to cross state lines and actively aiding them in re-settlement across the country. In a move described as ". . . a victory for human rights", the Swedish ambassador hoped that the government would also take an active part in fighting against the discrimination faced by the Afrikaner population and ensure "peace, harmony, and equality" between the inhabitants of the Australasian Federation.

Great Southern Land

Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Miwok-, Teymour

This place is kinda quite

Grand Indochina

Prussia Poland wrote:This place is kinda quite

All our OOC talk is pretty much kept to our discord, so that our RPs are more easily followed on-site. YouÂ’re welcome to join if you want, our invite link is in the world factbook entry up at the top of the region page

Grand Indochina

Czabalkia wrote:All our OOC talk is pretty much kept to our discord, so that our RPs are more easily followed on-site. YouÂ’re welcome to join if you want, our invite link is in the world factbook entry up at the top of the region page

I hit the request link.but got a page saying you cant do anything

Grand Indochina, Czabalkia

Prussia Poland wrote:I hit the request link.but got a page saying you cant do anything

Interesting... IÂ’ll send you a TG with a link

Grand Indochina, Prussia Poland

Czabalkia wrote:Interesting... IÂ’ll send you a TG with a link

Thank you

Grand Indochina

[list][list]【𝐒𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲】 - ᏒᎥᏕᏋ ᎧᏂ ᎮᏋᎧᎮᏝᏋ - 【𝐀𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐢'𝐬 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲】

[sub]★彡[ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴡᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴏɴᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴀᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴠɪᴄᴛᴏʀʏ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇꜱ ᴄʟᴇᴀʀ, ʀᴀʟʟʏ ꜰᴏʀ ᴠɪᴄᴛᴏʀʏ ᴏʜ ɢᴏɴɢᴏ ᴀɴᴅ ʙʀᴇᴀᴋ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴀɪɴs ᴏғ ᴄᴏʟᴏɴɪᴀʟ ᴏᴘᴘʀᴇssɪᴏɴ/]彡★[/sub][/list][/list]

[pre]𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐳𝐳𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞/ 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟖/ 𝟕:𝟎𝟎 𝐀𝐌. It's a fresh morning in the city of Brazzaville, the cocks crow across the land letting everyone know it's time to wake up. For some people it's time to slave away in the fields, for others it's time to eat breakfast, but for Asani, it's time to gather forces for the liberation of Gongo! Asani and his brother Kairu sat next to each other in a gathering hall waiting for everyone to show up for this important meeting. This meeting, in particular, was organized for the purpose of getting all three major political parties of Gongo together; forming a united political bloc to challenge French colonial rule. Slowly each leader of their respective party walked into the room alongside some of their own party members. Everyone greeted each other and exchanged compliments and small talk about their lives. But that's not important. Now, for the introductions on to who's! Leaders of the event, Asani M'kwam's party the 'Rally for Victory' (RV), Massamba-Débat's Gongolese Party of Labour (GPL), and Léon M'ba's Democratic Union of Gongo (DUG); the big three of Gongo![/pre]

[list]{𝐑𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲}

ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ʟᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ: ᴍᴏʀᴇᴀᴜ ᴀsᴀɴɪ ᴍ'ᴋᴡᴀᴍ

ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ᴅᴇᴘᴜᴛʏ: sᴜʜᴜʙᴀ ᴏᴋɪʟᴏ

[sup]The RV is indisputably the face of Gongolese Independence. Having been founded by the M'kwam brothers in 1940, unlike the other two parties the RV enjoyed a dedicated following amongst the public. So much so that simply asking anybody in the streets could tell you that the face of Gongo struggle for independence was the Rally for Victory. The RV had a dedicated HQ in the shanty area of Brazzaville where M'kwam and its members would meet almost every day to discuss tactics, party politics, just general business. Naturally, Asani was the party leader, although his brother Kairu also served as a party leader due to his affiliation with the French Colonial Army, the brothers came to an agreement that it is best for Kairu to not become an official member of the RV; as the French could strip him of his rank if they ever decided to purge the independence movements. Kairu also managed security for the party thanks to his ties to the colonial army, and often managed security at rallies. Another key player in the RV is Suhuba Okilo. A customs agent from Port-Noire by trade, Suhuba proved to be a competent politician when he became chief of the Port-Noire RV chapter. While he may not have the fame of the M'kwam brothers, Suhuba was essential to the party as he took over as party boss when Asani was arrested and exiled to Oubangui-Chari. Had it not been for him the party would've collapsed without Asani.[/sup]

{𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨}

ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ʟᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ: ʟᴇ́ᴏɴ ᴍ'ʙᴀ

ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ᴅᴇᴘᴜᴛʏ: ᴘᴀᴜʟ-ᴍᴀʀɪᴇ ʏᴇᴍʙɪᴛ

[sup]The DUG while lacking the populist vigor of both the RV and GPL; DUG still had a lot of influence. Specifically with the middle-class negros of Gongo; IE, the business elites. Thus the DUG has a lot of sway in local business, primarily in its home city of Libreville. Léon M'ba a member of the Fang ethnic group like M'kwam, M'ba was born into a relatively privileged village family. After studying at a seminary, he held a number of small jobs before entering the colonial administration as a customs agent much like Suhuba. His political activism in favor of black people worried the French administration, and as a punishment for his activities, he was issued a prison sentence after committing a minor crime that normally would have resulted in a small fine. In 1924, the administration gave M'ba a second chance and selected him to head the canton in Estuaire Province. But M'ba was accused of having a hand in the murder of a woman in Libreville whose case still remains a mystery, but he was sentenced in 1931 to three years in prison and 10 years in exile. While in exile in Oubangui-Chari; he published works documenting the tribal customary law of the Fang people. He was employed by local administrators and received praise from his superiors for his work. He remained a persona non grata to Gongo until the French colonial administration finally allowed M'ba to return to his native country in 1946. Upon returning to Gongo, M'ba alongside Libreville business tycoon Paul-Marie Yembit who ran the Mixed Committee, a political movement of mulattos (french getting down with the maids), created the Democratic Union. The party was renamed the Democratic Union of Gongo as a token of solidarity with the RV.[/sup]

{𝐆𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐨 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐫}

ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ʟᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ: ᴀʟᴘʜᴏɴsᴇ ᴍᴀssᴀᴍʙᴀ-ᴅᴇ́ʙᴀᴛ

ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ᴅᴇᴘᴜᴛʏ: ᴘᴀsᴄᴀʟ ʟɪssᴏᴜʙᴀ

[sup]The GPL, one of Africa's first openly Marxist organizations. Its leader Alphonse born in the small village of Nkolo, Boko District, French Equatorial Africa, in 1921; to a Kongo family and was a member of the Lari tribe. He attended missionary school and primary schooling at the Boko Regional School. He then received training as a teacher at the Edouard Renard school in Brazzaville. By 13 he was a teacher and went to teach in Chad from 1945 to 1948 and by 1940, he had joined the anti-colonialist Chadian Progressive Party and served as the general secretary of the Association for the Development of Chad in 1945. While in Chad Alphonse was introduced to various Marxist literature which drastically changed his worldview. In 1947, he would move back to his Gongo homeland and serve as a principal in Brazzavile's Bakongo secular school slowly building a small dedicated case to the cause of socialism. In 1949, Alphonse formed the Congo Party of Labour the party however was small and had to work under the nose of the colonial administration as their association with marxism could've landed Alphonse in prison. Around 1955 the party increased drastically as many people found appeal in the party's anti-french rhetoric, although this popularity was exclusively limited to Brazzaville as they failed to expand outside the city. Eventually, Alphonse met with Asani, the two having both a negative outlook on the French colonial empire became friends and Alphonse would rename the party to Gongo Party of Labour as a show of solidarity with M'kwam. While the GPL may lag behind the RV and DUG, it is without a doubt that this movement may see further future prospects as African liberation ideology spreads more and more.[/sup][/list]

[I][pre]TO BE CONTINUED[/pre]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

The Reunified German Reich

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Miwok-

The Swedish Nuclear Program - From 1945 to 1958

1945 - The Atom Committee (AC) is founded to study the development of civilian nuclear power.

1946 - Funding is granted to the National Defence Research Institute (FOA) for a nuclear weapons research program.

1947 - AB Atomenergi, a consortium of the Swedish government and private companies active in the mining, steel, and manufacturing industries is formed with the intention to build nuclear reactors for public and possibly military use.

1948 - The FOA is ordered by the Swedish government to study the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The FOA submits a report detailing how Sweden could produce nuclear weapons domestically. The Atom Committee and AB Atomenergi criticise the FOA report, arguing its recommendations would be implemented at the expense of civilian research. The government does not take an active stance and both civilian and military nuclear projects, research on both fronts continue. Interest dies down within the government.

1952 - Interest in the civilian nuclear program is renewed within the government. The government releases a report suggesting investment in civilian nuclear power utilising domestic fuel. The report is adopted by the Swedish parliament and funding is provided for the construction of nuclear reactors in Sweden. The first-ever Swedish nuclear reactor, R1, is constructed with the intention of studying reactor physics. Uranium extraction sites are opened and begin production.

1953 - The Ã…gesta nuclear reactor, R2, designed for district-heating and minor power production with the primary intention of gaining operational experience with larger nuclear reactors, begins construction.

1954 - The Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces releases a report which also details his support for nuclear proliferation, declaring nuclear weapons "crucial for the country's national security", igniting a public debate about the issue for the first time.

1955 - The issue of acquiring nuclear weapons is raised for the first time in parliament. Liberal-conservative opposition parties announce their support for proliferation, whereas the ruling Social Democratic party does not take an official stance on the issue. Polls show the majority of voters in favour of nuclear proliferation. The first detailed drafts of a nuclear bomb are drawn up by the FOA.

1956 - The Social Democratic Party, at this point in a coalition government with the Farmers' League, is divided over the issue of nuclear proliferation. The National Federation of Social Democratic Women in Sweden takes a public stand against nuclear weapons. It is also believed that a number of Social Democratic ministers within the government have positioned themselves against nuclear proliferation. The Farmers' League was ambivalent on the issue, whereas the opposition was in favour. The leadership of the Social Democratic Party refuses to take a stance on the issue, fearing an anti-nuclear split. Plans for a third nuclear reactor to be built at Marviken, the first designed to be large enough to power an entire county, are drawn up with an electrical power production capacity of 130 MWe. The reactor has a secret secondary purpose of producing weapons-grade plutonium. The timeframe of approximately 7-8 years is given by the FOA for the construction of the first nuclear bomb, taking into account the construction of the Marviken nuclear reactor

1958 - The Ã…gesta nuclear reactor, R2, is powered up and begins operations. The FOA draws up plans for the emergency production of weapons-grade plutonium in the event of war. The Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces includes a funding proposal for "Research for Protection and Defense Against Atomic Weapons", the description of which was "... a program to develop the knowledge about nuclear weapons which required the creation of Swedish defensive doctrine without nuclear weapons, which would be adopted to fight a war in which a nuclear strike could occur." but actually allowed the FOA to explicitly conduct research with the goal of acquiring nuclear weapons is passed by parliament. Noting the split within the Social Democratic Party into pro and anti-nuclear factions, Prime Minister Tage Erlander forms a party Atomic Weapons Committee (AWC) in an attempt to find a compromise both sides could accept.

Val Verde-, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

January 15, 1959, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. The Peruvian government has announced interests in officially establishing relations with France and other European nations. This open pursue of relations is being sought in an attempt to increase trade to and from Peru. The key trade being sought is commercial and luxury goods. In other news, the Peruvian government has officially re-instated the individual states within Peru as a means of compartmentalizing costs and allowing the states to customize some law types to suit the needs of the states. The appropriate amendment has passed and is currently being implemented. Next week, the implementation of the amendment will be completed and elections for state offices may be undertaken. In other news, a nation-wide phone-based voting system is being implemented, where polling locations have voters call in to a state-based central polling office, which counts the votes as they come in. The counts would periodically be sent to the National Voting Office, which would then record the vote counts and hold them as official records. This proposal was originally developed due to several problems with the ballots that arose during the last election. With this new system, the upcoming and future elections will be more secure and trustworthy. In other news, preliminary economic numbers for the previous year have shown continued economic growth. Recent geological surveys have uncovered mineral and metal resources that would be ideal locations for mines. Companies have already rushed to bid on the land those resources are on. In other news, the Peruvian government has announced that construction has started on a new prison. The Prison is set to be built in a classified location and will hold the worst criminals of Peru. There are very few details available about the prison, but some leaks have confirmed that it would be a large prison, far from civilization. In other news, the Peruvian government offers citizenship to any person willing to pay a large fee. This offer has been provided in order to promote foreign economic investment in Peru.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Prussia Poland

[B]Portugal times

[I] The kingdom.of Portugal is under martial law at the time being for safety precautions as the new Monarchy gets settled and they get the new government set up ; the monarchy is planning on revoking the martial law order once they are in place with the new government up and running , the precautions are in place to stop any anti monarchist they may try to attack the government as they continue getting things in place.

Otsla, Liberalina, Kiger, Miwok-, Zemlyakavkaz

[B]kingdom of portugal times

[I]Portugal is still under martial law as the monarchy is busy appointing advisors, working on setting up members of the parliament getting things in place to run the nation .

The Queen is just waiting to lift martial law and start negotiations with other leaders to better portugal in the future .

As she begins negotiations with others she hopes they will view her well the citizens of portugal will in the next 100 days of the monarchies rule will be experiencing lower taxes and more money in there pockets when the government rolls out its new economic financial plan to better the kingdom,

But first things first the Queen and her monarchy must finish setting up things and lift the martial law then the financial act can be put in place.

Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Miwok-, Zemlyakavkaz

1959

The Prime Minister Speaks Out Against Portugal

Following the declining state of affairs in Portugal, Prime Minister Louis has announced his government would support the PAIGC in their struggle against Portugal. Furthermore he announced his intention that Guinea-Bissau should join the Imperial Federation as a constituent state. Federal soldiers have begun setting up safe havens in neighboring Senegal, and Guinea, as well as establishing the PAIGC with a temporary capital in Conakry. Diplomatically the government has begun requesting negotiations for the immediate decolonization of Guinea Bissau and its surrender to Malian forces.

Stahlrahm, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Zanbala Prz

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:1959

The Prime Minister Speaks Out Against Portugal

Following the declining state of affairs in Portugal, Prime Minister Louis has announced his government would support the PAIGC in their struggle against Portugal. Furthermore he announced his intention that Guinea-Bissau should join the Imperial Federation as a constituent state. Federal soldiers have begun setting up safe havens in neighboring Senegal, and Guinea, as well as establishing the PAIGC with a temporary capital in Conakry. Diplomatically the government has begun requesting negotiations for the immediate decolonization of Guinea Bissau and its surrender to Malian forces.

[I]Queen Catherine makes her statement

Catherine has stated she has every intention to negotiate she's not trying to oppress she's working on setting up the new monarchy she will gladly meet to negotiate terms of the colonies.

The government of Portugal is willing to also talk about making peace with the English federation , as it continues work setting up the new government system.

Stahlrahm, Grand Indochina, Liberalina

[list]JANUARY 1958

DAMASCUS, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

THE ARAB POLITICAL AWAKENING - AN AUTHENTIC SYRIAN EFFORT[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"The oldest northern province of the Arab nation, shall from now on, be the new bastion of our homeland! 'Oh Syrians, you are inseparable from the tribes of Adnan and Ghassan, from which the Arab people emerged from. When you stood side by side with us and became the wind which grasped the banners of Khalid Ibn Al-Walid, when you were slain at Yarmouk and became the water which nourished the land — you affirmed your pride and admiration of the Arab nation that now welcomes you as heroes! Indeed, in the past we have suffered a great shame as we continued to bare living while knowing no effort was being made to unify our country. We bowed to leaders who looked upon the Arab cause as a burden and who thought of themselves as little princes. Corruption, instability and delusion became a widespread cancer which robbed you and your compatriots of everything they had hoped to achieve. But now, Syria is not alone, it will not suffer alone! And by God if it must suffer, we will suffer with it! All Arabs feel a great obligation to understand the difficulties that each of us face and stand with each other even if it means they must be killed and be starved, because no honourable Arab must surrender the welfare of another! Our destiny is one, and now, thank God, Syria has reached to regain the burning flame of nationalism which had once warmed it, but has until now — faced suppression."[/sub]

[sub]"We have inscribed upon our banner the great Arabist ideal and for that ideal we will liberate the people of Bilad Al-Sham (the Arab Levant). We must never forget how Syria demanded to take part in the [1948 Arab-Israeli] war, from the first hour of the first day. It demanded that its army stand by the other Arab armies for the defence of the wider Arab cause. The target was not just Palestine, Syria realized this from day one. In truth, the target was the sanctity of all Arab lands and of all Arab people. We saw that although the masses yearned for victory and justice, the regime, who rejected Syria's natural connection with Palestine and the wider Arab nation, failed to deliver. They capitulated to the enemy and humiliated the Arabs of Syria! But now the Arabs of Syria have had enough! Everyone can see that they are raising the banners of Arabism, singing the songs of unity and stating the praises of the future Arab victory. A victory that will not be possible without Syria and its great heroism. Your power is undeniable and no one can deny the immense contributions you have made in the name of our national independence, a sacred independence, which forms the backbone of our spirit and of our hopes. Should the Arabs remain disunited, it will be lost and mourned by those in the future — it can only therefore, be guarded with the rifles of an Arab Syria!"[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[/list]

[list][list][sub]Almost 4 years ago, President Jamal Abdel Nasser spoke of the silence of other Arab governments with regard to the tragedy of Palestine and the need for Arab states to address such matters. Syria came under this outspoken scrutiny, leading to the criminalization of Nasser-affiliated materials and media by the military government in Damascus, who interpreted radical Arabist ideals as a political threat. Irregardless, Syria has been at the core of Arab nationalist rhetoric since its foundation. And the political concerns of the Syrian military could not overrule the important role their country played in the development of a collective Arab national consciousness. For it was the home of many early intellectuals such as Sati Al-Husri and Butrus Al-Bustani who contributed towards nationalist development, the scene of the first Arab activist groups in the Ottoman Empire and the site of a French Mandate established after the defeat of a short-lived, yet incredibly significant Arab Kingdom. Most notable of all however, is that since its independence, the nations of the Arab Mashriq found themselves inheriting the borders of the Sykes-Picot Agreement. A treaty, which was seen as illegal and unjustifiable by the Arab people, that divided up their homeland into spheres of foreign influence and thus contributed to a longstanding call for reunification. It was Nasser, and the United Arab Republic, which had proclaimed to fill such a calling, which was reflected in the January 6th declaration of Syria's intention to become the UAR's 6th region. By the 9th of that same month, President Nasser was leading prayers for the success of the pan-Arab ideology in Syria in the presence of Syria's Shukri Al-Quwatli from the Umayyad Mosque, arguably the most iconic symbol of Damascus—built under the rule of Caliph Al-Walid I in 706 CE. When addressing the Arab masses of Syria, of whom many had come to form crowds before Nasser, the Arab President was especially emotional. He spoke of the failings of past Syrian governments to fulfill the need for Arab unity, praised Syria's preeminent role in Arab history, even harkening back to the period of the areas Arab conquest and the characters of Khalid Ibn Al-Walid. However behind the charismatic appeals, Nasser and his protégé on the delegation to Syria, Foreign Minister Abbas Sohliyeh, understand the new difficulties Syria's integration poses to them. The nation harbours numerous intense political passions, unlike the sociopolitical landscape of the Arab Gulf and former-Saudi Kingdom. For instance the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization banned since the assassination of Rashid Qaddab, is incredibly active in Syria. Therefore, fears have arisen that the groups Syria-branch may undergo attacks similar to the 1955 Benha Massacre on behalf of their idealogical compatriots elsewhere in the Arab World, but especially in Egypt Region. The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, another of Syria's political parties , would likely pose as the strongest partners in supporting Nasser due to a common idealogical alignment. In private, Nasser is already considering including nationalist personalities such as Salah Al-Din Al-Bitar, Akram Al-Hawrani, Sati Al-Husri and Mishil Aflaq, all of which have an academic background, as the designers of a new pan-Arab education system. As Nasser continued to travel around the newest Region of the United Arab Republic, such as to the population and economic centres of Ladhaqiyeh, Homs and Halab, Abbas Sohliyeh remained in Damascus. Sohliyeh, alongside a transitional committee including Mohammed Najib of the Ministry of Interior Affairs, are instructed to oversee the process of Syria's integration. He informed the Syrian legislature that it will remain functioning as the new Regional Council, an institution possessed by each UAR Region. The current priority of this Regional Council is to elect Syrian representatives to the Higher Arab Council, from which it can influence the decision making processes of the National Assembly's proposals within the powers these representatives are granted. The Regional Council is also tasked with ratifying the UAR's constitution as a formality of state procedure. In terms of political parties, these will remain, with the Ba'athist movement becoming a member of the National Unity Movement in all likelihood. [/sub][/list]

[list]FEBRUARY — APRIL 1958

ALEXANDRIA, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

LE PETIT TSAR & THE FRENCH PRESIDENT[/pre][/sub][/B]

[list][sub]On February 15th 1958 the Soviet Premier, Anastas Mikoyan, sought to publicly reiterate his nation's stance towards the so-called 'imperialist' nations, a category which he extended to include the United Arab Republic. He harshly critiqued the close relationship between Cairo, Washington, Paris and London, a relationship that began with the 1948 Alexandria Conference, as colonialist in nature. From the perspective of Cairo, Mikoyan's words open a new chapter, in the extensive history of animosity between the two states. Even prior to the creation of the UAR, the defunct Republic of Egypt contributed to the defence of the Republic of Korea from a Soviet onslaught and even closed the Suez Canal to Soviet shipping. It is thus the reality, that Nasser's government is the inheritor, rather than the instigation of the close working partnerships which exist between the present UAR and the democratic superpowers. Foreign Minister Abbas Sohliyeh, in an official press conference, presented the position of the UAR government with regard to the commentary provided by the Soviet leadership. [/sub][/list]

[sub]"We strongly reject the hostile accusations and baseless claims made against us by the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. These inflammatory statements are completely unfit to exist in a diplomatic environment and exhibit the deep hostility held by the Soviet government towards us. We do not understand the basis of such hostility, as the Soviet Union has made no clear indication of how we are threatening them. Nonetheless, we will continue to condemn their violations of international law as we have done during the Berlin Crisis, while insisting on furthering the partnership with our American, French and British allies. We shall continue to assert that the unification and self-determination of the Arab people, and their right enjoy the same level of dignity as all other peoples, remain the most viable solution towards world peace and democratic rule of law. "[/sub]

- ABBAS SOHLIYEH[/list]

[list][list][sub]President Nasser did not issue a direct statement in response to Mikoyan's actions, however he did privately meet with Charles De Gaulle of France in Alexandria's diplomatic residence, to discuss the Soviet rhetoric and more importantly, the warming of relations between Moscow and Tehran. During this dialogue, the French President reaffirmed his nation's commitment to existing bilateral socioeconomic and defence agreements, as well as to Nasser's insistence that France increase transfers of more sophisticated military materials, specifically aircraft, to the UAR. Another point of discussion was the insurgency in Algeria, an especially sensitive subject as it pertained to a part of the Arab homeland. Nasser insisted that in order for the UAR to endorse France's vision for Algeria, there must be a democratic mandate provided by the local population as to fulfill the key principles of self-determination, in addition to the granting of equitable socioeconomic and political rights for non-whites.[/sub][/list][/list]

Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Zemlyakavkaz

[list][pre]MARCH, 1959[/pre][/list]

[B]𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐀𝐍 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐂𝐊 𝐄𝐗𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄[/B]

[sub]𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐒𝐀 𝐃𝐈 𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐎[/sub]

[list][pre]MSE 40 ▲ ROME 15 ▲ INDUSTRIADEX ▲ [/PRE][/list]

𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐂𝐊𝐒

[LIST][pre]

FIAT - F - +7.1% ▲ - $3.24

ENI - ENI - +1.1% ▲ - $1.21

GENERALI - G - +2% ▲ - $1.36

ALITALIA - AIR - +1% ▲ - $.98

FERRARI - FE - +1.9% ▲ - $3.18[/pre][/LIST]

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐆𝐎𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐏𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐂

[LIST][pre]

PIAGGIO - $1 BASE STOCK PRICE - AEROSPACE

CAPRONI - $.56 BASE STOCK PRICE - AEROSPACE AND ENGINEERING

SELENIA- $.76 BASE STOCK PRICE - DEFENSE

PRADA - $1.29 BASE STOCK PRICE - FASHION AND TEXTILES[/pre][/LIST]

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐒

[LIST][pre]

GULDE - GLD, -4.6% ▼ - $.24

ALFA ROMEO - AR - -1.1% ▼ - $2.15

DOLCE & GABANNA - DG, -1% ▼ - $1.19[/pre][/LIST]

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐒

[LIST][pre]FIAT - F - +7.1% ▲ - $3.24

GENERALI - G - +2% ▲ - $1.36

FERRARI - FE - +1.9% ▲ - $3.18[/pre][/LIST]

𝐄𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐌𝐈𝐂 𝐒𝐔𝐌𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐘

[list]

| The Italian Economy is seeing its highest point of growth since the years preceding World War 2, and it seems to be that its on track to make a full recovery from World War 2. The growth is pushed by a high volume of exports in industries such as aerospace, fashion, and automobiles while a growing consumer class domestically makes Italy a prime import destination where there is equal competition from Italian and other European nations alike. Recent economic deals, and most notably the free trade agreement with France further bolstered the economy and its exports while French products that were being imported became more price effective to Italian consumers, leading to a growth in purchase of French goods. Prime Minister Pella also stated that "major economic reforms were coming its way". |

| Pella looked to not only continue to grow its manufacturing industry but also its ability to domestically design things, but most importantly, grow its steel, and metallurgy industries while continuing to focus on Italy becoming the world's transport hub, a goal bolstered by recent infrastructure developments such as the cross European railway, a potential high speed rail connection to France and open borders and free customs with some of its fellow European neighbors. |

Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Teymour

Post self-deleted by Zemlyakavkaz.

[list]Heiwa 7

February 1959

[sub]分裂し、オッズで[/sub]

Disunited and At Odds[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

| For one year now, Prime Minister Kishi's grand plans of imperial revival and constitutional revision had been constantly rebuffed by his Socialist opposition. The '57 election, although it had granted the CDP a comfortable majority, turned out to be at the same time a testament to the left's ability to campaign, even in the midst of a state-imposed martial law, which naturally entailed a series of restrictions and accrued surveillance on those judged as potential threats to national security. Meanwhile, the second military plan which Kishi still intended to launch by the end of the year, had also come under ferocious attack by the left, with Socialist representatives now filibustering in the Diet on every occasion as a way to protest the planned increase of the armed forces and the massive purchase of foreign aircraft. |

| The secret clique of the Shiroyama Association, the oligarchic nationalist society informally at the helm of the state, was as a result now more divided than ever. It was no secret that personal rivalries and decade-old feuds between some of its members had already beset its fragile unity, while many of its members amassed a hefty number of assets through corruption and nepotism. But now, the militarists, led by retired colonel Masanobu Tsuji, had been arguing for more forceful measures. Tsuji and Sasakawa, especially, had grown fond of starting a new political party to do away with the old pacifist elements and bureaucrats that remained in the Constitutional-Democratic Party, which the Association had cannibalized from within. The pair privileged the idea of founding a right-wing populistic party, the Japanese Citizens' League. The matter had grown worrying for Kishi and his politician followers - Backed by yakuza mobster Kodama -, and results were needed soon, lest Japan's leading party be broken apart. Three important items, aside the impossible restoration of Imperial powers and constitutional revision currently blocked by the left, were necessary for him to achieve: The start of a genuine cooperation to develop Japan's secret nuclear weapons program with a foreign power; the transfer of Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands still under American control; and a re-negotiation of the US-Japan Security Treaty, possibly entailing a departure of American troops once Japan successfully upgrades its military. All three would be brought up to President Eisenhower before he leaves office in 1961; all three would make or break the future of Japan as a democratic, if corrupt, state. |

Stahlrahm, Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Teymour

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1490143

Otsla, Liberalina, Teymour

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1490364

Liberalina, Teymour

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1491303

Liberalina, Teymour

Post self-deleted by Kiger.

ငါတို့အချိန်၌အင်ဒိုချိုင်းနားပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ

In the Peoples republic of Indochina, a socialist Union of Burma & Thailand. The people of Indochina look upon the region of Southeast Asia as their domain, albeit within a Chinese sphere. As the nation has more recently established itself in the late 40's the country has began to focus on rebuilding from the independence wars. As the nation stands to establish itself as a pro-Chinese albeit independent Socialist Republic. The nation, led by chairman Ne Win has attempted to unite the burearacracy under Burmese dominance, however, these moves have began to create discontent among the Thai. Causing many ideologically driven generals from both the Burmese & Thai side to begin to secretly convene and discuss a coup to establish a Junta ruled by a unified military government led by both sides. This move, while in the works hasn't yet been confirmed but may be set to be set in motion soon once a stable structure is planned and established. These talks however, have been held in the utmost secrecy among the general staff on both sides of the People's Republic. Besides that, Chairman Ne Win has decided to begin the Indochinese Path to Socialism.

အင်ဒိုချိုင်းနားဆိုရှယ်လစ်အစီအစဉ်

Ne Win, has outlined 4 major goals for his purported path to Socialism for Indochina, which goes as follows:

*In setting forth their programmes as well as in their execution the Revolutionary Council will study and appraise the concrete realities and also the natural conditions peculiar to Indochina objectively. On the basis of the actual findings derived from such study and appraisal it will develop its own ways and means to progress.

*In its activities the Revolutionary Council will strive for self-improvement by way of self-criticism. Having learnt from contemporary history the evils of deviation towards right or left the Council will with vigilance avoid any such deviation.

*In whatever situations and difficulties the Revolutionary Council may find itself it will strive for advancement in accordance with the times, conditions, environment and the ever-changing circumstances, keeping at heart the basic interests of the nation.

*The Revolutionary Council will diligently seek all ways and means whereby it can formulate and carry out such programmes as are of real and practical value for the well-being of the nation. In doing so it will critically observe, study and avail itself of the opportunities provided by progressive ideas, theories and experiences at home, or abroad without discrimination between one country of origin and another.

ကိစ္စရပ်အပေါ်စစ်ရေးအမြင်

While the military of Indochina views these goals as a good path to establishing a true socialist state. They also recognize that Ne Win, may not be best suited for such a situation. While he's seen as a war hero, the military has began to formulate plans to intentionally ruin the image of Ne Win indirectly, so as to give them the popular support to coup the Chairman from power. One aim of the military, is to directly alter information and give false numbers to the chairman of failing yields in regards to agriculture and economic decline. With growing civilian discontent from both sides, they could then lead a coup and take majority power of the federal government. For now, the nation sits in growing turmoil, but the military has openly and consistently stated they shall work together to keep the Republic united and crush any potential uprisings or threat to the people of the state.

[spoiler=The Peoples Republic Dabs On The Caps]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Aprosian Empire

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis[/spoiler]

Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Prussia Poland

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1491715

Otsla, Liberalina, Czabalkia

https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1491744

Otsla, Liberalina, Czabalkia

Prussia Poland wrote:https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1491744

Um, you have 2,000,000 million active soldiers?

Liberalina

Assembled with Dot's Region Saver.
Written by Refuge Isle.