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What's the rules about nation leaders here ?

New Swaraelia

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:What's the rules about nation leaders here ?

What do you mean?

New Swaraelia

Gaia Major wrote:What do you mean?

Oh sorry if you look at my nation you see the leaders name just wondering about it got into.some trouble about it in the other place

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:Oh sorry if you look at my nation you see the leaders name just wondering about it got into.some trouble about it in the other place

Lol I don't think anyone minds your leader being "Catherine de Medici" dude.

New Swaraelia

Gaia Major wrote:Lol I don't think anyone minds your leader being "Catherine de Medici" dude.

Just making sure I got alot of heat over it in my other region so I was looking for a new spot

New Swaraelia, Gaia Major

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:Just making sure I got alot of heat over it in my other region so I was looking for a new spot

Did she do anything exceptionally terrible? I only know de Medici as the espionage wine drinker from Civ 6.

Bulgarian Romanian Republic Why your leader has a French name ?

New Swaraelia

Grand Indochina wrote:Bulgarian Romanian Republic Why your leader has a French name ?

I mean itÂ’s not like European leaders are known for just ruling one single country, eh?

Bulgarian Romanian Republic

Grand Indochina wrote:Bulgarian Romanian Republic Why your leader has a French name ?

She is my fav queen from history so I kinda use her quite a bit but has i said if it's a problem.thats cool my old region gave me heat over it too

New Swaraelia wrote:Did she do anything exceptionally terrible? I only know de Medici as the espionage wine drinker from Civ 6.

No yes a wine drinker but no espionage

New Swaraelia

Suuvla wrote:[list][list]12 FEBRUARY 1956 - AL-QUDS, CISJORDANIAN WEST BANK, ARAB KINGDOM

ARAB LEAGUE SUMMIT, 1956[/list][/list]

| At the insistence of recently enthroned King Hussein I of the Arab Kingdom, the Arab League had agreed to hold the annual Summit of the Arab League at al-Quds, claimed by both Israel and Palestine as the capital of their nations and effectively governed as the administrative capital of the Cisjordanian-West Bank province of the Arab Kingdom. However, the League's willingness to meet within al-Quds would not only showed the League's commitment to the Arab Palestinian cause, but also help legitimize the Arab Kingdom's occupation of the West Bank region, only recognized by Pakistan and the United Kingdom. Additionally, the League meeting in Jerusalem would allow the Arab Kingdom to show off recently acquired American military hardware, including light tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, paraded around as part of the League's military security. |

| The leaders of North Yemen, the United Arab Republic, the Arab Kingdom, Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Lebanon, Libya arrive in al-Quds prior to the meeting. Representing the nations are King Ahmad bin Yahya, President Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein, King Hussein I, Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba, King Mohammed V, President Adib Shishakli, President Camille Chamoun, and King Idris I. Over a span of about an hour, the national leaders are brought from their various hotels via armed Royal Arab Army armored convoys to the meeting building, a large hotel named Shuruq, or Sunrise. The building is bustling with soldiers of the Tahrir Brigade, the primarily Palestinian wing of the Royal Arab Army, equipped with SMLEs and Lewis Guns, who defend every nook and cranny of the building and scan the rooftops with their machine guns. Four M24 Chaffees of the 1st Armored Division and eight M8 Greyhounds stand stationed on the cordoned off roads leading towards Shuruq, located in the bustling heart of the Moroccan Quarter of the City. |

| As the Arab leaders settle into their seats, al-Quds's mayor, Salah ad-Din al-Shujae, welcomes the guests as the opening speaker. Hand-picked by King Hussein I, al-Shujae had been responsible for overseeing the continued expulsion of the city's remaining Jewish population, and the legacy of the Jewish settlement during the Mandatory period. As a native of the city and heavily invested in its development under the Arab Kingdom, he had become extremely popular among the city's residents. In his short speech, he welcomes the delegates of the various states in attendance, gives credit to King Hussein I for supporting the Palestinian cause, reminds the Arab leaders of their dedications to the Palestinians in light of the failure of 1948, and gives them his personal well wishes. After that, the floor is opened up to discussion. |

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Aprosian Empire

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen

Nonador[/spoiler]

[I][sup]"Gentlement of the Arab Summit! It is my honor to be here today with each and every one of you. Allah willing, may this summit prove to be productive. Speaking of productivity, while the crisis in Palestine is of great concern no doubt to the Arab world, it has come to my attention that fellow Arab leaders seem more focused on sabotaging each other than combating the one true enemy, Israel. Syria itself has tremendously contributed to helping our Palestinian brothers by allowing refugees to take refuge in our lands! Over 100,000 Palestinians now live within the Syrian Republic. Yet, despite all our contribution and goodwill, certain...demigods have taken to slander the Syrian nation! Despite all our work, we are lambasted on the radio by fellow Arab states for quote, "not doing enough". Simply because we don't spend all our time on the radio like certain individuals, just blathering on and on, in Syria we prefer action over words! This slander is not only uncalled for but counterproductive to our mission of liberating Palestine. Rather than working against each other, let us work together to crush the Zionist forces that occupy Palestine. No more subversion of each other!"[/sup]

[list][list]- 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢 [/list][/list]

[I]With those words, his excellency the President steps down from the podium. In essence, this speech was one giant passive aggressive jab and both his rivals, Egypt, and the Arab Kingdom. For years now Shishakli has put the blame on Syrian instability on the Arab Kingdom for its support of Druze revolts in Jabal Druze Mountains. He also didn't trust the rise of Nasser and viewed him as a potential rival to his own ambitions within the region. Nonetheless, he would set aside his grievances for now for the sake of Palestinian liberation.

New Swaraelia, Zanbala Prz, Bulgarian Romanian Republic, Teymour

I'll update all my Factbooks to my new nation if I get approved to rp here they all need updated

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:I'll update all my Factbooks to my new nation if I get approved to rp here they all need updated

We assumed so.

New Swaraelia wrote:We assumed so.

I always let everyone know it's just a little habit I do

Cornut-Gentille Commission:

As a final parting gift to the West Africans, High Commissioner Cornut-Gentille announced him, and a panel of 16 other officials, economists, and doctors would survey West Africa to examine the current climate, and point out areas of shortcoming.

Mauritania:

One of the first areas visited was the region known as French Mauritania, the panel of the 17 men arrived in St. Louis, the old capital of French West Africa, and departed North for the largest city and heart of Mauritania, Nouakchott. Once a small unimportant city, Nouakchott had become a bustling trade hub attracting people from across the colony.

Positives: Mauritania contains a vast quantity of natural resources, included in this is large deposits of Iron Ore, Gypsum, Copper, Phosphate, Gold, and Diamonds. Mauritania also has large pockets of currently unexploited oil. It also is a natural harbor for large amounts of fishing to take place.

Disadvantages: Currently under combated desertification threaten future agricultural stability in the region. Most of the population is committed to subsistence agriculture, or cattle raising. Literacy rates only reach an estimated 50%, and slavery is still rampant throughout the culture and colony.

Senegal:

The heart of the colony, Senegal was considered the best of the colonial project. Most of the population was employed in state-funded building projects, like the Pan-Africa Railway, and the Great University of Dakar. A large pool of educated populace pushes through the city looking for better-paying work.

Positives: A large, and robust educated population. Low unemployment, vast yet exploited deposits of iron ore and phosphates.

Negatives: Lack of high educational jobs, and lack of independent businesses.

Mali:

The panel began the long trek to Mali the heart of the Malian Federation movement and a center of politics in the colony. They ventured to Timbuktu the new capital which was undergoing massive revitalization projects. Similarly traveling to Gao, and Bamako observing the construction of the railway and development of the indigenous people.

Positives: A large robust educated population, developing industry and agriculture sectors. Large deposits of gold, phosphates, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper.

Negatives: Possible hotbed for political radicalism, under combated desertification, lack of modern farming equipment.

Burkina Faso:

The panel departed from Mali more impressed than with the previous areas and began traveling south to Burkina Faso. They finally after a long trek arrived in Ouagadougou, the capital of the region, known by France as Upper Volta, but by locals as Mossiland or Burkina Faso.

Advantages: unexploited reserves of Gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, and salt.

Disadvantages: More than 50% of society is employed in agriculture, slow progress in literacy rates, sexual inequality in labor and work.

Niger:

The panel began their final stretch for the last region of the Malian Federal area. They moved through the harsh desert for Niger, reaching Niamey, then Zinder examining the local communities, and railroad construction.

Advantages: Large unexploited reserves of Oil, Salt, Gypsum, Molybdenum, Gold, Phosphates, Tin, Iron Ore, Coal, and Uranium.

Disadvantages: Low literacy, rapid desertification threatens the economy, sexual disparity in wealth and education.

Thus the Cornut-Gentille Commission ended their survey of the Malian Federal lands.

Overall Advantages: Massive improvements in the life of many in the federation, steady improvements in literacy, sanitation, and jobs for workers.

Overall Places for Improvement: uncombated desertification, local beliefs unchallenged by the federal government, slavery, female disenfranchisement, and discrimination against minorities is still rampant.

The Commission would next head for Guinea, and Ivory Coast two nations who had chosen a separate path from the future federation....

Grand Indochina, New Swaraelia, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Cornut-Gentille Commission:

As a final parting gift to the West Africans, High Commissioner Cornut-Gentille announced him, and a panel of 16 other officials, economists, and doctors would survey West Africa to examine the current climate, and point out areas of shortcoming.

Mauritania:

One of the first areas visited was the region known as French Mauritania, the panel of the 17 men arrived in St. Louis, the old capital of French West Africa, and departed North for the largest city and heart of Mauritania, Nouakchott. Once a small unimportant city, Nouakchott had become a bustling trade hub attracting people from across the colony.

Positives: Mauritania contains a vast quantity of natural resources, included in this is large deposits of Iron Ore, Gypsum, Copper, Phosphate, Gold, and Diamonds. Mauritania also has large pockets of currently unexploited oil. It also is a natural harbor for large amounts of fishing to take place.

Disadvantages: Currently under combated desertification threaten future agricultural stability in the region. Most of the population is committed to subsistence agriculture, or cattle raising. Literacy rates only reach an estimated 50%, and slavery is still rampant throughout the culture and colony.

Senegal:

The heart of the colony, Senegal was considered the best of the colonial project. Most of the population was employed in state-funded building projects, like the Pan-Africa Railway, and the Great University of Dakar. A large pool of educated populace pushes through the city looking for better-paying work.

Positives: A large, and robust educated population. Low unemployment, vast yet exploited deposits of iron ore and phosphates.

Negatives: Lack of high educational jobs, and lack of independent businesses.

Mali:

The panel began the long trek to Mali the heart of the Malian Federation movement and a center of politics in the colony. They ventured to Timbuktu the new capital which was undergoing massive revitalization projects. Similarly traveling to Gao, and Bamako observing the construction of the railway and development of the indigenous people.

Positives: A large robust educated population, developing industry and agriculture sectors. Large deposits of gold, phosphates, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper.

Negatives: Possible hotbed for political radicalism, under combated desertification, lack of modern farming equipment.

Burkina Faso:

The panel departed from Mali more impressed than with the previous areas and began traveling south to Burkina Faso. They finally after a long trek arrived in Ouagadougou, the capital of the region, known by France as Upper Volta, but by locals as Mossiland or Burkina Faso.

Advantages: unexploited reserves of Gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, and salt.

Disadvantages: More than 50% of society is employed in agriculture, slow progress in literacy rates, sexual inequality in labor and work.

Niger:

The panel began their final stretch for the last region of the Malian Federal area. They moved through the harsh desert for Niger, reaching Niamey, then Zinder examining the local communities, and railroad construction.

Advantages: Large unexploited reserves of Oil, Salt, Gypsum, Molybdenum, Gold, Phosphates, Tin, Iron Ore, Coal, and Uranium.

Disadvantages: Low literacy, rapid desertification threatens the economy, sexual disparity in wealth and education.

Thus the Cornut-Gentille Commission ended their survey of the Malian Federal lands.

Overall Advantages: Massive improvements in the life of many in the federation, steady improvements in literacy, sanitation, and jobs for workers.

Overall Places for Improvement: uncombated desertification, local beliefs unchallenged by the federal government, slavery, female disenfranchisement, and discrimination against minorities is still rampant.

The Commission would next head for Guinea, and Ivory Coast two nations who had chosen a separate path from the future federation....

So basically:

Senegal: nice

Mauritania: possible

Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali: no

Bulgarian Romanian Republic

Hi

Grand Indochina, Bulgarian Romanian Republic

Quenbat wrote:Hi

hi

Grand Indochina, Bulgarian Romanian Republic

When will I know about my application?

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:When will I know about my application?

Should only take a day or so, in the meantime you can start making factbooks

Otsla wrote:Should only take a day or so, in the meantime you can start making factbooks

I could yes but dont know if I get the spot

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:I could yes but dont know if I get the spot

If you are in the discord you can contact the mods and ask.

Grand Indochina

Otsla wrote:If you are in the discord you can contact the mods and ask.

Ok im.in discord but the border control

Grand Indochina

Bulgarian Romanian Republic wrote:Ok im.in discord but the border control

Just let them know who you are and they will let you in, and then you can ask

Grand Indochina

Gaia Major wrote:

░▒▓█ January 1954, Hà Nội Municipality, Imperial State of Vietnam █▓▒░

[sub]Theme : [/sub]

[sub]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[/sub]

[sub][pre]VIETNAM IS UNDER ATTACK ![/pre][/sub]

[sub]"They have tanks, I repeat, tanks ! Need help immediately, Vietnam is under attack !"[/sub]

[sub] - Unknown, last radio transmission from Hoa Nam -[/sub]

[spoiler=CASUALTY REPORT // BATTLE OF HOA NAM]

---------------------------------------------

[sub]People's Liberation Army : 15,000 personnel.[/sub]

[list][*][sub]~ 4,113 Killed[/sub][/list]

---------------------------------------------

[sub]Local militias of Hoa Nam : 12,000 personnel.[/sub]

[list][*][sub]~ 11,225 Killed[/sub]

[*][sub]~ 719 Captured[/sub]

[*][sub]~ 56 Missing[/sub][/list]

---------------------------------------------

[sub]Local population of Hoa Nam : 14,000 denizens.[/sub]

[list][*][sub]~ 6,300 Killed[/sub]

[*][sub]~ 1,658 Missing[/sub][/list]

---------------------------------------------

[/spoiler]

[sub]The December 1953 marked the new height of the tension between Vietnam and China, as the 13th Division (15,000 personnel) of the People's Liberation Army assaulted the Vietnamese municipality of Hoa Nam (越南廣州灣 - Vietnamese Cantonwan), which residing on the Lôi Châu Peninsula (雷州半島 - Luichow Peninsula). A battle ensued between the 13th Division and 12,000 local militias of Hoa Nam, which lasted for more than four days. In the end, the red flag of the People's Republic could be seen not only hung over every building in the municipality, but also planted over the pile of headless corpses of those that failed to defense themselves and Hoa Nam, a great imagery of the Chinese triumphant. Beforehand, the municipality has been evacuated in an intermittent wave of merchant ships and by the early 1953, about 150,000 denizens of Hoa Nam has been relocated to Vietnam, all thanks to the effort of the French National Navy and the Imperial Navy of Vietnam.[/sub]

[sub]While entirety of Vietnam were celebrated the New Year's Eve, a broadcast suddenly aired across the Imperium at 04:00 on 01/01/1954 with Emperor Bảo Đại declared a state of emergency, followed by a call for mobilization of all reserve forces. Weeks later, the news of the Chinese invasion of Hoa Nam began to reach all the ears of Vietnam. Some were furious, many were afraid but the sinophobia, which already bad, worsen among the populations and led to several instances of violence against peoples with Chinese ancestry. In the end of January 1954, the Imperial Assembly passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which was claimed to be model after the British "New Villages" in Malaya, effectively added more fuel to the fire. Based on the content of the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese persons shall be relocate to various remote locations called Chinese Interment Camps and must live under various restrictions. To the surprise of the Imperial government, the Chinese didn't resist as expected thus the whole operation went on quiet smoothly. Perhaps, they understood that a life within confinement is actually better than a life spent living next to neighbors that willingly to put any person's neck to the noose if the first word came out of such person's mouth was "ní khảo” (你好 - Hello). [/sub]

[sub]Currently, there are 18 divisions operating on the Northside of Vietnam, they harassing the Việt Minh guerillas day by day for the paycheck. However, recent events has stole the spotlight from a bunch of jungle-dwelling partisans and passed it to the People's Republic of China, the new boogeyman in town. The fear of another invasion by the Chinese has driven the Imperial Military Headquarter (IMHQ) to deploy more reinforcements to the Northside (another 18 divisions), in case of "China goes banana". For positive news, the long-awaited batch of 10,000 FN FALs has finally arrived at Sài Gòn Harbor, made by the famous Portuguese-Belgian firearms manufacturer known as FN Herstal, the Imperium expecting the new battle rifle to bring Vietnamese soldiers "one step closer to the modern battlefield". These guns were made based on the specific requests of the Imperial government, they featured a foldable buttstock made from plastic and a 1.5× telescopic sight that is integrated with the receiver, which made by Swarovski Optik (Austria). Military units in active combat will be prioritize with these guns to test the effectiveness.[/sub]

[sub]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[/sub]

[sub]Note A : Forgive any grammar mistake of mine please, thank.[/sub]

[sub]Note B : Thank Antillian, really love your guns.[/sub]

Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Otsla, Liberalina, Bulgarian Romanian Republic, Teymour

Hello my friends! Looks like Japan is back for yet another round.

I'll be reprising 99% of the canon I built last time.

Basic history (a few typos that need to be corrected: Japan is independent in 1950, Hirohito abdicates in 1948):

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1412519

Shiroyama Association (haven't detailed the members yet, but otherwise that factbook is complete):

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1465100

My next factbook will be detailing what happened in 1952 (that can already be read in my archives), and then I'll have my first actual RP.

Nonador, Brickwall, Stahlrahm, Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Bulgarian Romanian Republic, Teymour

Arcanda wrote:Hello my friends! Looks like Japan is back for yet another round.

I'll be reprising 99% of the canon I built last time.

Basic history (a few typos that need to be corrected: Japan is independent in 1950, Hirohito abdicates in 1948):

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1412519

Shiroyama Association (haven't detailed the members yet, but otherwise that factbook is complete):

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1465100

My next factbook will be detailing what happened in 1952 (that can already be read in my archives), and then I'll have my first actual RP.

Nice Factbooks dude

Teujira, Grand Indochina

The Germano-Austrian election of 1953.

The miracles don't happen twice. Despite SPD's rule was quite prosperous for the German nation, it's political losses on the unification matter and active opposition from The Center did enough damage for them to lose an election. German Communist Part won with the lead of only 6 percent in the second round of chairman election. The parliamentary election leads to such results:

GCP- 264 seats

SDP- 228 seats

ASP, the ancestor of SDP-A,- 78 seats

Unger- 58 seats

Radpar- 46 seats

Most of the United Germany and Radical Party seats were from mandates, not popular vote or percentage. And so, the new government of the Commonwealth was born. Yet again, fractured and hilly controversial. The new chairman of GAPC, Walter Ulbricht is one step away from getting the majority and fulfilling his vision of Germany. And yet, he must do this final step on a really narrow path. Will he be able to win the trust of the German people?

On their first term, the reforms of the Communist Party were really limited due to lack of power and countrywide support. The NEP was canceled "due to the successful rebuilding of a nation", and the government control over industry highly increased. Some laws were passed that greatly limit the owners of small businesses and retailers, while the voting process on factories was rendered useless and harmful practice, and canceled at all. Despite that, some of the "cooperative elect administrators" were offered to stay on their post, just as a party official now. The agrarian sector also faced reforms. Different abandoned (and not really) fields were united in Kolwirs. A huge marketing campaign was set the image that Kolwirs is the analog of factories, but in the countryside, created to fight afterwar poverty and save the countryside from "being abandoned in favor of the cities". Numerous other small reforms were purposed and passed to slowly transfer the Germano-Austrian economy to planned. But only time. will show how it ends.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Suuvla

Suuvla wrote:[list][list]12 FEBRUARY 1956 - AL-QUDS, CISJORDANIAN WEST BANK, ARAB KINGDOM

ARAB LEAGUE SUMMIT, 1956[/list][/list]

| At the insistence of recently enthroned King Hussein I of the Arab Kingdom, the Arab League had agreed to hold the annual Summit of the Arab League at al-Quds, claimed by both Israel and Palestine as the capital of their nations and effectively governed as the administrative capital of the Cisjordanian-West Bank province of the Arab Kingdom. However, the League's willingness to meet within al-Quds would not only showed the League's commitment to the Arab Palestinian cause, but also help legitimize the Arab Kingdom's occupation of the West Bank region, only recognized by Pakistan and the United Kingdom. Additionally, the League meeting in Jerusalem would allow the Arab Kingdom to show off recently acquired American military hardware, including light tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, paraded around as part of the League's military security. |

| The leaders of North Yemen, the United Arab Republic, the Arab Kingdom, Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Lebanon, Libya arrive in al-Quds prior to the meeting. Representing the nations are King Ahmad bin Yahya, President Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein, King Hussein I, Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba, King Mohammed V, President Adib Shishakli, President Camille Chamoun, and King Idris I. Over a span of about an hour, the national leaders are brought from their various hotels via armed Royal Arab Army armored convoys to the meeting building, a large hotel named Shuruq, or Sunrise. The building is bustling with soldiers of the Tahrir Brigade, the primarily Palestinian wing of the Royal Arab Army, equipped with SMLEs and Lewis Guns, who defend every nook and cranny of the building and scan the rooftops with their machine guns. Four M24 Chaffees of the 1st Armored Division and eight M8 Greyhounds stand stationed on the cordoned off roads leading towards Shuruq, located in the bustling heart of the Moroccan Quarter of the City. |

| As the Arab leaders settle into their seats, al-Quds's mayor, Salah ad-Din al-Shujae, welcomes the guests as the opening speaker. Hand-picked by King Hussein I, al-Shujae had been responsible for overseeing the continued expulsion of the city's remaining Jewish population, and the legacy of the Jewish settlement during the Mandatory period. As a native of the city and heavily invested in its development under the Arab Kingdom, he had become extremely popular among the city's residents. In his short speech, he welcomes the delegates of the various states in attendance, gives credit to King Hussein I for supporting the Palestinian cause, reminds the Arab leaders of their dedications to the Palestinians in light of the failure of 1948, and gives them his personal well wishes. After that, the floor is opened up to discussion. |

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Aprosian Empire

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen

Nonador[/spoiler]

[list][list][list]THE KING SPEAKS[/list][/list][/list]

[I]His majesty, King Idris I, steps up to the podium with grace and elegance. He wore his typical Senussi robes made from fine silk from Egypt, truly dressed like a proper Muslim. Unlike the rest of these Republicanists who have no class or style. He takes out his glasses and his paper to give out his small speech. He didn't need to drag the speech out since Libya wasn't on the level of her fellow Arab states. Thus the best course of action was simple solidarity and support for the Palestinian cause. Egypt, Syria, and the Arab Kingdom could do all the fighting and heavy lifting for all he cared, Libya would simply stand back and cheerlead them on.

[list][pre]"Good day to all my fellow Arab leaders. It is a most joyous occasion for us to all be here, I must say that despite all the problems we have with each other, it is good to know that we can all come together on this most important matter. The liberation of Palestine! Since the tragedy of the 1948 Palestinian exodus and the subsequent failure of the 1948 war against the Israeli's, the people of Palestine have known nothing but tragedy. Forced to leave everything they knew behind as the Israeli forces threaten their very lives. Now our brothers are displaced all over the Arab world, so far from home, yet the hope still lives on! For Allah is merciful and he will guide the Palestinians back home and drive the colonialists back into the sea where they belong! But before that, the rest of the Arab world must come together and work for this common goal. For now is the time of alliance, Allahu Akbar!"[/pre]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Suuvla

[list][list]OPERATION HAWKEYE

2 January 1957 - Paris, French Fifth Republic, French Union[/list][/list]

| The moment the Deuxième Bureau had informed Paris of a lead involving the return of Salah ben Yousef from his exile in Cairo overland to Tunisia, President de Gaulle was met by the Bureau's Chief Director, Jean Moulin, in his office in the Elysée. Moulin silently puts a dossier on the President's ornate wooden table which, once opened, reveals important information regarding Yousef - names, dates, and a picture portending to show Yousef in Gabes, a city near the Tunisian-Libyan border. |

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'You're sure this is our man?'

JEAN MOULIN, Chief Director of the Second Bureau of the General Staff: 'Mr. President, we have no reason to doubt that the man we've been tailing is anyone other than Salah ben Yousef. Our agents in Tunisia have been closely working with our allies in country- notably the Bourguibists- to ensure that Salah's every move is followed. We have him pinned to a location in either La Skhira, Gafsa, or in transit from Bir Ali Ben Khélifa to Sfax. Our informants know of three possible safehouses in the first two he could be at, however we've also been following movements of known allies of Yousef between Bir Ali Ben Khélifa and Sfax.'

CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'Is this enough to go off of, Mr. Moulin? Shouldn't there be more certainty as to where he is, and where the strike should take place?'[/list]

| Moulin leans back in his chair. |

[list]JEAN MOULIN, Chief Director of the Second Bureau of the General Staff: 'Mr. President, rest assured that the Bureau is more than capable of striking all three safehouses in unison with certainty of success. Additionally, we have informants within Sfax intercepting all traffic in and out of the city. This is actionable intelligence, and if we want to bag him, it needs to be now. I promise you that if he's not in one of the safehouses, he'll show up in Sfax, and we'll knock him there.'

CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'Authorize a raid on the safehouses, but keep it quiet, then.'

JEAN MOULIN, Chief Director of the Second Bureau of the General Staff: 'I'll get right to it. We have strike teams of roughly twenty operatives per safehouse. I'll give them word.'[/list]

[list][list]3 January 1957 - Gafsa, Beylik of Tunisia, French Union[/list][/list]

| Strike Team Beta's three jeeps sit parked in the middle of the desert abyss surrounded by the gaping valleys and enveloping mountains of the Tunisian countryside. Some three miles northwest of Gafsa, S.T.B. was one of four Classified Infantry Special Operations Group teams moved from their base in Algeria to Tunisia to partake in the hit on Salah ben Yousef, Tunisia's most militantly anti-French independence activist. While positive relations with other independence leaders and overtures towards nominal autonomy has managed to keep Tunisia within the French System, Salah ben Yousef's radical and militant republicanism had called for armed uprising against France and the Bey of Tunisia both while in Tunisia and abroad. For years, Yousef had been in self-imposed exile in Cairo, using President Nasser's pan-Arabist leanings to broadcast pleas to the Tunisian people to take up arms against France; however, with such foreign agitation proving unsuccessful due to a strict ban on radio frequencies broadcast messages by Yousef and others like him, he had resolved to return to Tunisia to start insurrection himself. |

| However, his secretive return to Tunisia in preparation to launch an armed struggle against France has been followed meticulously by the Chiefs of Staff, the Second Bureau of the General Staff, and almost all departments of the French intelligence agencies. With his whereabouts narrowed down to just three safehouses, President de Gaulle has authorized CISOG, a secretive special forces unit, to search the safehouses and kill Salah ben Yousef. CISOG, formed in 1954 to find former Nazi death camp commandant Alois Brunner in Syria, had been expanded since their initial mission into a 3,000 strong unit focusing on covert operations and assassinations against enemy insurgent groups in Algeria and throughout North Africa; their experience in this department has presented them as the right men for the job. |

| Strike Team Beta had taken three jeeps into the desert nothingness in the middle of the day while donning little more than khaki suits atop body armor and duffel bags containing a variety of weaponry. After parking around half a mile away from the location of one of Yousef's safehouses, the men grab their gear, ditch the jeeps, and begin marching through the valley towards the small shack. The group's commanding officer, Colonel Isaac Fouché, maintains point as the men bear through the desert heat and blinding sun. |

[list]COL. ISAAC FOUCHÉ, Team Leader: 'Remember, we're on kill orders here. Rules of engagement are off. Watch your shots, but do not hesitate to engage anybody who doesn't comply. And if you see Salah ben Yousef, shoot on sight.'[/list]

| Col. Fouché, as a squad leader, carries with him a MAS-49/56 rifle; the other twelve riflemen carry MAS-49s. The team's sniper, Corporal Rémy Toutain, carries a scoped M1917 Enfield; in order to provide cover for the team, Toutain remains with the jeeps, propping his rifle on the hood of one of the trucks with his scope focused intently on the front window of the makeshift shack. The crew's radioman carries, alongside the mobile radio, a short MAS-38 submachine gun; the machine gunner carries an AA-52 machine gun; the last member of the crew, the rocketeer, carries an M20 'Super Bazooka' for use against structures or armor, alongside a smaller MAS-38. The soldiers and their lethal armament descend upon the safehouse silently, maintaining strict silence and treading lightly upon the sand beneath them. |

| The soldiers take point at the front door, wrapped around the right corner of the ramshackle lodge. After tossing a No. 69 concussive grenade through the door, the team breaches, with a team of five riflemen entering first and the rest piling in afterwards. Within a few seconds of entering the building, the riflemen dispatch five armed personnel, stunned from the force of the concussive grenade. After killing the armed men in the room, they find the rest of the shack to be nearly completely empty, save for objects such as tables, chairs, and a singular locker. The men beat floorboards with their rifle butts and search every other possible nook and cranny where a full-sized adult could be hiding, but turn up with nothing. After resolving to call the mission a failure and beginning to exit out of the safehouse to radio in the result of the operation, Colonel Toutain spots movement from within the house - the locker door, previously closed and locked, opens up with a pistol-wielding figure falling out of it. |

| Without hesitating, Toutain dials in his aim and takes a singular shot with his rifle. The first shot hits the man's elbow, sending flesh and bone fragments splattering on the wall behind him. Falling to the floor, the man loads his pistol and awaits for the rest of the French soldiers to enter the safehouse. The first SpecOps soldiers busts back in, and is immediately shot in the lower stomach with a 9mm round from a PM Makarov. Before the figure can fire another shot, one of the other riflemen, a young twenty three year old Corporal, fires a shot post blank from his MAS-49, striking the wounded assailant's chest, killing him instantly. The corpse falls onto his back, sprawled out across the floor, bleeding. |

| As one of the riflemen, a combat medic, begins to provide immediate aide to the rifleman who had been shot, the other squadmates identify the body as that of Yousef. Col. Fouché quickly orders the radioman to call in the execution of Yousef over the radio to mission control in Sfax. The order is reported, and confirmed by mission command. After bandaging the wounds of the soldier and providing him morphine, the CISOG squad takes pictures of the assassination scene to confirm success and begin the march back to the jeeps, the body of Yousef in tow for positive identification back in Sfax. |

Nonador, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Suuvla

[list][list]12 FEBRUARY 1956 - AL-QUDS, CISJORDANIAN WEST BANK, ARAB KINGDOM

SPEECH OF HUSSEIN I, KING OF THE ARABS, TO THE ARAB LEAGUE[/list][/list]

[list]HUSSEIN BIN TALAL, King of the Arabs: 'Esteemed delegates of the Arab League and the Arab nations,

Truly, our meeting here today speaks more than any policy or any statements made by the governments of the Arab states since al-Nakba nearly ten years ago. For all the anger, the outrage, the heated remarks and the pointed fingers, we today sit and discuss the fate of the Palestinian people not on foreign soil, but in al-Quds itself. This, in itself, is an achievement for the Palestinian people, the Jordanian people, the Iraqi people, the peoples of the entire Arab nation from Marrakesh to Ahwaz.

Make no mistake, my friends, that our chat here has come on the price of some 18,000 Palestinians and Jordanians who have given their life since 1947 to defend our continued position within the city and ensure that we maintain the independence of al-Quds as a free, Arab city. Therefore, when we speak of the issue of Israel and Palestine, and when we speak of the issues which divide our governments, remember that at the end of it all, we have a dedication to the Palestinian people who have given their lives to defend the freedom of the Palestinian nation, and continue the fight against the Zionists in Tel Aviv, to put the unity of the Arab people above the ideological goals of our disparate governments, and continue to wage one united struggle for Arab independence and, in this particular instance, Palestinian independence.

When I was crowned as King of Jordan, I also took up the responsibility of being the caretaker of the West Bank of Jordan due to our status in the wake of our performance in the War. While I am aware that the Jordanian occupation of the West Bank is a contentious issue among the Arab leaders, there is no denying that Jordan and, since last year, the Arab Kingdom, has invested serious time, resources, money, and manpower into developing and defending the entirety of the West Bank. However, this is not enough. The Zionist still occupies the Western districts of al-Quds. He still occupies An-Nasira. He sits upon Tall 'Abib and Yaffa, and defiantly maintains the occupation of Umm Al-Rashrash. So long as the Zionist continues to call any inch of Palestine his, and continues to successfully back up his claims with his rifle, we will never be able to rest easy.

My friends, the division between the governments of the Arab states is what caused al-Nakba. As I have sat here today, I have heard consistently the same divisive tone between you that cost us the freedom and unity of the state of Palestine, and drove the Palestinian people into exile. I am disgusting by the inability of supposedly experienced men to put aside petty disputes and cooperate on a matter regarding the survival of the Palestinian people, who are an extension of all Arabs, against a wholesale genocide by the Zionists. If we wish to put forth a stalwart defense of the Arab world and the Palestinian people, it is paramount that the ideological and economic divisions which have separated us since independence are put aside that we may cooperate diplomatically, militarily, politically, economically. In every way possible, we must act as united as possible. The Israelis have mastered this art, and fight united as a single nation. So too, must we fight as a nation of many states, rather than many states with separate goals.

Therefore, I call upon all the leaders of the states to begin, from this date forward, to work consistently as one force against the Zionist so that we may not fight them from the Old City or from Gaza, but fight them in the homes that they reside in where the Palestinian people once did. Our rockets and our shells may be able to keep the Zionist on edge, but only when we push them back into the Mediterranean will our goals truly be successful.

Additionally, it is important that we recognize the nations and groups across the world who recognize our struggle and the plight of the Palestinian people and the Arab people in Palestine and throughout the world for independence such as the United Kingdom, France, the anti-Zionist Jews of Europe and the Soviet Union, and the Muslim community beyond the Arab world such as those of Afghanistan, of Iran, of India, of Indonesia, of Central Asia, of China, and of the Americas. Without the vocal support of international communities, our struggle would be more difficult than it already is, and we must commend peoples and groups for their support to the Arab cause when it is given.'

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Aprosian Empire

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

December 15, 1956, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. The Peruvian government has announced that it has sold an area that some have called the Alto Purús area, has been sold to the newly farmed Amazonian Resources Corporation or ARC. Some critics have expressed the desires for that area to become a national park; however, the potential resources in the area have indicated that the State would benefit more from resource exploitation than conservation. The city of Esperanza, which is located within this area is being set up as the headquarters for the new Peruvian corporation. The roughly 25107 square kilometer area is expected to generate a large amount of revenue, once ARC finishes construction of the extraction and processing facilities. The first operations will involve clearing nearly 1.2 billion trees in that area to sell for lumber in order to make accessing mineral resources in the area easier for mining equipment and transportation infrastructure. At an estimated minimum selling price of 100 Sol per tree, the logging operation is expected to net an approximate 120 billion Sol on its own, over the time it takes to cut down all the trees. If those figures are correct, it would generate a large amount of revenue for the ARC and contribute greatly to the GDP of Peru. ARC has even began seeking out foreign buyers for the lumber that will be produced by the deforestation. Some forestry experts predict that it may take between three and six years to complete the deforestation, depending on the labor force utilized and other factors. Some native tribes have expressed concern that such a large area of land along a tributary of the Amazon River may cause harm to the ecosystem of the river, most experts were not concerned about the situation. Meanwhile, at least six other sites are being considered for sale to corporations for exploitation. Anyone currently looking for employment at the ARC may go to their current employment offices in Lima, Cusco, or Piura.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Teymour

1956-1957

Outside of Lome

Knowing the inherent dangers of trying to move the army through the bush, even by railway the 1st Malian Army of 5,000 soldiers led by General Moussa Traoré landed in Lomé meeting up with loyalist French forces and anti-communist militias. The city was the only loyal city in the Togoland region, The march towards Sokode was fraught with difficulty, local villages ambushed, and abused the army. The garrisons left to protect each town grew increasingly in number. This dwindled the power of the army by the time they reached the heartland of Kara, the army dwindled to 40% of it's original size in the pacification of the colony.

Defeat in the Bush

The Battle of the Bushland was a surprising and major defeat for the Malian-Loyalist forces. A combination of unfamiliarity, citizen resistance and loyalist apathy led to a major defeat for the Malians. With the majority of it's army exhausted the Malians pulled their forces back to Sakode being ambushed and harassed by asymmetric warfare from tribals and communists. The failure in the bush ramped up the growing Togolese movement for independence. If the army did not move soon they would soon be surrounded with it's access cut off.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Teymour

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1264062

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Teymour

[list][list]~ 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐥𝐥: 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 ~

ᴀ ᴛᴀꜱᴛᴇ ꜰᴏʀ ᴍᴜʀᴅᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏɴꜱᴘɪʀᴀᴄʏ‌[/list][/list]

[sup]January 21st, 1955, party leader of the SSNP, Antoun Saadeh, laid on his hospital bed with the sound of various medical equipment beeping and ringing in the background. The noise was somewhat annoying, but better the small annoyance than a gaping bullet wound he figured. The assassination attempt failed and the would-be assassin was now in the custody of the Al-Sereb Al-Ahmar at the Mezzeh prison in Damascus. There this assassin would be tortured until he confessed his crimes. However, something deeply bothered the party leader, this assassination attempt was not the first but it certainly was the most effective effort. The fact that this assassin somehow managed to infiltrate the party conference without the secret service noticing him was puzzling, as everyone at the party had to be a certified SSNP member, even the staff had to be party members. While in deep contemplation, the door to his room was opened and nonother than his excellency, President Adib Shishakli strolled right in. As always he wore his typical military uniform with his various ribbons and that crooked smile he always carried on his face. He walked towards the bed, pulling up a chair for him to sit. Antoun was surprised with this visit as the President rarely left Damascus, much less for something like a hospital visit. Either way, something was not right as Autoun would soon discover.[/sup]

[list]𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

[I]Greetings Minister Saadeh, as soon as I heard of the news I came as quickly as I could. Thank Allah that you are in once piece, I heard the gunmen was literally inches from you when he shot his gun. Must've been quite the terror I'd imagine?

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐡:

[I]I can't lie, it was quite a terrible experience. Getting shot in the shoulder may not be as fatal as a shot to the stomach. Still, hurts nonetheless.

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

[I]Jejeje! Well anyways, whats important here is that you are alive my dear minister. I wish you a speedy recovery, and I swear to you, my men will find out who this b*stard is working for.

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐡:

[I]Wait, what do you mean 'your men'? The investigation is being done by Al-Ahmar under the supervision of Ghassan Jadid.

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

About that...the investigation is now under my juristriction. Jadid was dismissed from Al-Ahmar.

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐡:

[I]What do you mean dismissed?

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

[I]Well to put it simply, I am reorganizing the structure of the Syria government.

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐡:

[I]Reorganizing the structure? What does this even mean President?

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

To put it simply, I will be departing from the SSNP to form my own party. The Arab Liberation Movement, a new political party to better represent the wishes of the Syrian peoples.

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐡:

[I]What! Is this a joke President!?!? You can't be serious about any of this!

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

[I]I'm very serious, but do not worry Saadeh. The SSNP will still be allowed to participate and hold SOME of its positions within the new government. You will naturally continue your role as the interior minister.

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐡:

[I]I-i I...

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐛 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐥𝐢:

[I]Well then minister, I must take my leave, a lot of work awaits me back at Damascus. Once they discharged your from the hospital, my secretary will inform you of all the changes in the government.[/list]

[I][sup]With those words, his excellency steps out of the room. Saadeh still trying to process this sudden bit of news, starts shouting at the top of his lungs and throws his pillow across the room. But he stops himself as the pain in his shoulder reacts to the sudden movement. He lays back and his mind floods with both fear and rage at this news. It was now certain that his days were potentially numbered, thus he and the SSNP had to react.[/sup]

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]JANUARY 1955

CAIRO, EGYPT — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]وطن - عمل - استقلال

The Homeland - Labour - Independence

CENTRALIZED PLANNING & DECENTRALIZED IMPLEMENTATION[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]Egypt’s economic policies had long been directed by a clique of financially powerful business leaders, who propelled deregulation and rapid industrialization using the ‘Party & Nation Revolution’ and ‘Battle for Industry’ as vehicles for their interests. While the general standard of living improved under these programs, only the economic elite saw drastic benefits, resulting in severe levels of socioeconomic disparity. With the rise of the Republican Party and its leader Jamal Abdel Nasser, this status-quo came to an end. The economic establishment was stripped of its influence and Egyptian economic planning became more centralized. For the first time since the ‘Party & Nation Revolution’, the civilian government yielded true authority over developing the country, as Nasser established a system of employing private contracts to fulfill state-drafted economic projects. In the most recent session of the National Assembly, Nasser would call this system “centralized planning with decentralized implementation.” Dubbing the necessity of such a system as a means to “discipline economic development in accordance with raising the standard of living.” To his credit, it had yielded results in sectors such as urban planning to alleviate poverty in cities such as Cairo and Alexandria, gaining Nasser the confidence of the army and the further veneration of his supporters. Nonetheless, despite Nasser’s extensive advocacy of philosophical concepts such as Arab Unity and humanitarian issues such as Palestinian rights, economic development remained at the top of the political agenda. The political strategy of the Republican Party, as an anti-establishment organization, revolved around demonstrating that it could deliver more than whoever it replaced. It therefore looked for macroeconomic schemes that could clearly be communicated to the Egyptian public and international community as signals of the countries progress. Two of these schemes, would come to dominate and define how Nasser approached socioeconomic development in the decades to come.[/sub]

[sub]In the western regions of Egypt is the second lowest point in continental Africa, the Qattara Depression, a collection of sand dunes and salt marshes, formed over thousands of years of wind and saline erosion. It’s size is comparable to Lake Ontario in North America, which, combined with its proximity to the Mediterranean sea, has opened a discussion of its potential for yield hydroelectric power. Beginning in 1927, when English geologist Dr. John Ball conducted research surveying the Egyptian desert. He would write in detail on the possible potential of the formation, using the papers of German geographer Albrehct Penck as a guide, who also expressed similar ideas on the hydroelectric possibilities of the Depression. However, Egyptian academics were absent from these findings, meaning the case for its development would not be communicated to the government of the time. The Second World War and the mining of the area by the British against Axis-forces in North Africa, would further deem the concept into irrelevancy. Now, almost 30 years later from Dr. Ball’s travels, Egypt’s government has finally shown an invigorated interest in developing the Qattara Depression in the context of the increasing energy demands resulting from urbanization and industrialization. A temporary 30-person ‘Committee for the Development of the Sahara Desert” would be responsible for conducting research on the feasibility of channeling Mediterranean water through a tunnel into the Qattara Depression, using penstock pipes for electricity generation. This work would begin in mid-1954 and continue into 1955. The committee concluded unanimously, that the channeled water would evaporate quickly while in the Qattara Depression, allowing more water to enter and therefore creating an endless source of electrical power. It further recommended that a tunnel 60-meters below sea-level be used to fill the area with water which would over the course of 10-years, create a stable water level. This balance would be maintained via the installation of a pump-storage electrical facility to regulate water flow and maximize predicted output at around 5,800 megawatts. Egyptian technicians would still require financial and technological assistance from more developed state’s to fully ensure the feasibility of the project. This assistance would specifically originate from the United Kingdom, with which Cairo has maintained close commercial ties. Closed-door 1954 negotiations with representatives from the Commonwealth Free Trade Area would determine that 70% of the construction be financed by the United Kingdom, and the remainder by Egypt. The estimated costs would amount to around 1.5 billion USD per further surveys from British technicians, with around 25,000 labourers required throughout construction. WW2-era mines and unexploded ordnances in the area would require the involvement of the British military in removing such impediments before construction could formally be announced by the Egyptian Government and its contracting partners. With resounding speeches catalogued in Egyptian newspapers, Nasser proclaimed that “the project will provide electricity for all Egyptian citizens” and made further bold claims that Egypt would take the lead in construction in both Africa and the Arab World. [/sub]

[sub]In Sudan, as in the Sahara, development has taken incredibly broad steps, this time with the assistance of French technicians, another country which Egypt’s government enjoys a close relationship. In the city of Sennar, Nasser wishes Egypt to make the first steps in civilian usage of atomic energy as a developing economy. A resource which had previously been limited to the world's wealthiest and technologically capable countries. This now changes with the announcement of the Ittihad-1 (Unity-1) Nuclear Plant, modelled after the French EL-1 Reactor, built in 1947. This new facility is projected to be staffed by French-trained Egyptian personnel and provide around 150 kilowatts of power at full capacity. However, Egyptian interest in harnessing the power of the atom extensively predates the announcement of Ittihad-1. Sameera Mousa, Egypt’s first nuclear scientist, was the first to advocate for Egypt’s adoption of peaceful nuclear technology in fields such as medicine, stating: “my wish is for nuclear treatment of cancer to be as available and as cheap as Aspirin.” Mousa further confidential research came up with a historic equation that would help break the atoms of cheap metals such as copper, paving the way for a cheap nuclear bomb. She is a firm believer in the US-sponsored “Atoms for Peace Program” and a strong advocate for international standards on containing nuclear hazards and managing nuclear waste. Not only was her expertise invaluable to the development of any nuclear technology in Egypt, she was already positively recognized in Egypt’s educated circles, as the first female dean of Cairo university, and popular with Arab nationalists. This was largely due to her personal rejection to work in the United States, instead saying that: “Egypt, my homeland, is waiting for me.” Nasser would therefore delegate Musah with the responsibility of formulating an educational program for the study of nuclear science within Cairo University. The financing and development of the Ittihad-1 reactor would be left to a joint French-Egyptian effort, which did not directly include Musah, but kept a close correspondence with her nonetheless, inviting her numerous times to observe the construction. The Ittihad-1 reactor also includes numerous political undertones. Firstly, its development makes Egypt the first Arab and African country to build any facility of its kind, which acts as a prestige factor for the current government. The choice to locate it in Sennar and name it the ‘Unity-1’ is more significant, however. The Republican Party had been lacking an entrenched presence in Sudan and is therefore interested in building credibility with local voters via economic development as a means to reaffirm the unity of the Nile River. Undoubtedly, harnessing the hydroelectric power of the Qattara Depression and developing Africa’s first atomic plant will make Egypt more able to fulfill its energy demands, and therefore more able to modernize effectively. The combined value of these projects is also a matter of interest towards making the internal economy more dynamic. The real value however, can be found through a political perspective. Just as Rashid Qaddab wished to leave a clear mark on Egyptian society, President Nasser has followed with even more ambition. “It is ambition, whether the ambition of the Pharaohs of our history or the ambition of the Egyptians of today, that will drive Egypt towards prosperity” as the President would word it personally. [/sub]

[/list]

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

Concorrdia

The Reunified German Reich

Aprosian Empire

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Nonador, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Mozam

1956

A Political Plot

Franco sat in his office in Madrid, the wallpaper cracking and tearing, and his once bright and energetic eyes now dulling over with a glaze, lost in daydreams that turned to delusions of grandeur. While only in his mid 60Â’s FrancoÂ’s ability to lead had been effectively cut for decades and the growing political strife between the different Falangists had come to a head. The more moderate and less ideological members of the party, whispering in FrancoÂ’s elderly ears had him oust the more radical members of the party, and begin reversing the economic autarky policies that bankrupted and isolated Spain from the changing outside world.

Rifts Growing in Rif

The Spanish Empire long had she ruled, and now long had she dwindled. Only a few disparate pieces of the desert, and small ports in Africa. Even in this, the Spanish were not safe, growing calls for independence and protests in Tangier had led to brutal crackdowns and repressions by the government. These protests reached their height in 56Â’ as Moroccan nationalists were brutally massacred in Tangiers and the entire colony placed on lockdown. Outside diplomatic protests had been ignored and shutdown as it appeared the Spanish wanted blood, and fire.

Nonador, Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Suuvla, Teymour

[list][list]15 May 1955 - Centre-Ville de Montréal, Montreal, United Kingdom

THE QUIET REVOLUTION: PT. III

𝘔𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭'𝘴 𝘓𝘰𝘯𝘨, 𝘏𝘰𝘵 𝘚𝘶𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘳[/list][/list]

| Footsteps dash through puddles, kicking droplets of water into the air. Behind them, jackboots doing the same. His breathing hectic and beleaguered, Arnaud Bourget dodges through cars and other pedestrians as he makes a mad dash towards anywhere to find refuge from the inbound officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, in hot pursuit behind him. The Mounties, five in number, had found the boy spraypainting 'subversive artwork' upon a brick wall in Montreal's downtown and have, after Arnaud had began to run, started following him. All five Mounties, though, have failed to catch up to the slender boy. |

| Arnaud runs through an older lady and her dog, jumping over the dog's leash, before making a hard left into an alleyway. Surrounded on both sides by large movie theater to his left and a convenience store to his right, Arnaud finds the alleyway to be a dead end, with both buildings connected far back- trapping him. Multiple emergency exits sit on the sides of the buildings, but all are locked from within the buildings. Frantically, he begins to bang on a door leading into the movie theater, but his calls are neglected as the police begin to surround him from the front. |

[list]RHETT WALKER, Sgt. of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police: "Hey you, kid! Come here, hands behind your back! Now!"

ARNAUD BOURGET: "Officier, je ne parle pas anglais. S'il vous plaît laissez-moi partir. S'il vous plaît!"[/list]

| After failing to comply, and returning the officers' demands with screams, the five officers close in on Arnaud, with their batons drawn. They kick in the boy's knees, knocking him to the ground, and begin to beat him with their nightsticks. As the four other officers beat him in his head and stomach, Sgt. Walker violently grabs his hands and holds them behind his back, tearing up his upper arms before handcuffing his wrists tightly together. All the while, Arnaud lets out bloodcurdling screams of pain and agony, begging the federal officers to cease their assault. Not speaking French, the officers continue to beat the boy viciously until he bleeds and, ultimately, passes out. After Arnaud fades from consciousness, the officers stop their beating. |

| Arnaud never regains consciousness. He dies three days later in a Montreal hospital, surrounded by his family. |

| In the days after Arnaud's death, more details slowly trickle out through state-approved media and word of mouth. Arnaud had been a fifteen year old boy from a poor district of the city; his father, an alcoholic, had severely beat him into the present; moments before his beating by the police, he had been found spraypainting the Quebecois flag on the side of a deli along with the words 'Le Québec ne mourra jamais'; the officers involved in the beating, particularly Sgt. Rhett Walker and Private Liam Bagshaw, had shown excessive use of force after Arnaud had resisted arrest, with Private Bagshaw in particular striking sixteen blows to the teen's head. The leakage of information to the general public quickly begins to tear a divide throughout Quebec between those taking the side of the RCMP and those taking Arnaud's side. The more information comes out about the beating itself, the more the people of Quebec find themselves becoming infuriated at the lack of empathy displayed by the federal police units. |

| Two days after Arnaud's death, a small demonstration is held down the main boulevard of the Center City, with around 1,500 people showing up. Among those in attendance are members of the R.P.Q., the Gaullist pro-independence party which had grown to somewhat regional popularity since their founding. Around 60 members of Jeunesse, the party's youth organization, lead the front of the demonstration, distributing copies of the party newspaper Laurentie. Hundreds of copies of the Laurentie newspaper are handed out to angered, frustrated, and confused Montréalais who, infuriated by this visible incident in the Anglicization of Quebec, have begun to openly call for resistance to the RCMP and the British-led administrative system. The demonstration is followed the next day by another, larger demonstration of some 5,000 people, more visibly agitative and riled than the day before. |

| As Montreal enters summer, the city is heating up. |

Nonador, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[pre]Year of the Fire Monkey

1956 | January[/pre]

海军扩充方案!

[sub]Naval Expansion Programme![/sub]

The Chinese Navy has been in a state of languish since the golden ages under the Ming, when the Chinese fleet was the most powerful in the world, and when Zheng He's mariners commanded the sea east of the Arabian Peninsula.

With the economic decline of China in the Century of Humiliation, the Navy suffered disproportionately out of the branches of the armed forces, with a series of successively weaker Emperors electing to divert the meagre funds available to the Army in order to maintain order in a rapidly-disintegrating state. Despite the minor hiccup of restoration represented by the modernised Beiyang Fleet, the little headway made during this period in the late 19th Century was swiftly dashed to pieces by the aggressive actions of the Imperial Japanese Navy in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895.

The early 20th Century was if anything a greater tragedy for China than the 19th, with the region being ravaged by war both internally through civil conflict and externally, once again thrown into conflict against the imperialist Japanese.

The Chinese Navy's success was arguably commensurate to the predicament of China as a whole during this period. Left largely unused for fear of complete annihilation by the overwhelming superiority of the Imperial Japanese Navy during this war, the Republic of China maintained a semblance of a fleet, which while fairly modern was also comprised mostly of light vessels and other simple craft, incapable of any power projection outside the maritime boundaries of China.

After the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War cemented Mao's control over the Chinese landmass in 1949, these ships- 3 cruisers, several destroyers, and a number of submarines- were captured by Communist forces. This, in addition to about 20 miscellaneous British vessels restored with the help of the Soviet Union, constituted the force that would be stretching the definition of "Navy" by any account well into the 1950s.

The defining event that sparked the ongoing drive to modernise and expand the People's Liberation Army Navy began with the signing of the historic agreement with the Soviet Union in the year 1950, which earmarked the provision of Soviet aid to the PRC in the development of a modern force. Under this agreement, the Soviet Union has resolved to dispatch advisors to China, in order to facilitate the development of ships based off of Soviet designs, and ultimately to prepare China for indigenous development of warships.

Forces within China and the CCP Politburo recognise the importance that a strong navy plays in the armed forces, with CCP military leadership realising that the weak PLA Navy played a key role in the inconclusive result of the First Battle of Tchan-Tung. French and Western control of the sea managed to hold supply routes open, which meant that the coastal settlements of Yantai and Weihai were able to be kept fed and watered through the course of the battle. This led to frustration within the Chinese leadership, with Chairman Mao famously declaring:

" To combat imperialist aggression, we must build a strong navy! "

And it is this slogan that has driven recent drives to modernise in the Chinese Navy, with the 1954 establishment of the Ship Product Design Office, has, with the industrial expansion of the First Five Year Plan, equipped China with the ability to domestically manufacture warships and their constituent parts in its factories and shipyards, notably those in Jiangsu Province and in Port Arthur.

Despite the fact that China is off-late unacquainted with the business of building a navy, Soviet aid and assistance has filled the Chinese with enough confidence to embark on an ambitious naval expansion programme, whose date of completion is expected to be December 1959. The object of this plan is ambitious, but within the realms of possibility: to turn China into a green-water navy and regional powerhouse by its completion.

China's fraternal ally, the Soviet Union, has agreed to provide the PRC with its designs for some of the most fearsome and modern warships afloat- notably, the Kildin-class destroyer and Sverdlov-class cruiser. This is in addition to a number of smaller surface vessels such as the "Komar" patrol craft, as well as several submarines of the Type-617 variety and other smaller subs such as the Type-615 "Quebec".

Over 2500 Soviet naval engineers are present in China to oversee the development of the Chinese navy, and these will be put to good use for rapid construction of ships, as well as in assisting the Bureau in its development of the indigenous Chengdu-class corvette.

The targets prescribed for completion by 1959 are:

[list]

[*]14 Sverdlov-class cruisers

[*]30 Kildin-class destroyers

[*]25 Kotlin-class destroyers

[*]50 Chengdu-class corvettes

[*]45 Romeo-class submarines

[*]50 Whale-class submarines

[*]25 Type-615 submarines

[*]250 Coast Guard vessels or patrol craft

[*]5 Project-572 landing ships

[/list]

This is to be conducted in conjunction with the development of indigenous Chinese vessels, namely:

[list]

[*]Zhongguo-class carrier

[*]Hunan-class cruiser

[*]Suzhou-class destroyer

[*]Type 22 SSN

[*]Type 313 supply ship

[/list]

It is expected that the targets will be met easily by the proletariat fervour of the Chinese people, and their new industrial capacity which allows them to turn righteousness into steel. With the completion of the above vessels, the PLA Navy will reclaim its title of the largest and most advanced navy in the Far East, and play a significant role in defending its allies and spreading the fires of the Revolution across Asia, along with its closest ally and strategic partner, the Soviet Navy.

Additionally, a Naval Academy will be established at Guangzhou, to train sailors for the new navy. They will be trained by Soviet advisors in modern naval tactics and practical knowledge in order to create an effective officer corps as well as well-trained sailors.

The city of Guangzhou will also commence construction of a massive new dockyard, designed to serve as the home port of the South China Sea Fleet.

Nonador, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Zanbala Prz

1955-1957

Conflict With the Tuareg

The Tuareg for many years had resisted colonial rule. Their chiefdoms many of whom had settled in the more sparsely populated eastern Mali, and Niger, a region in which they had come to call Azawad had lived their traditional pastoral and nomadic lives. This had begun to change in 1955 as the influx of Bambara, and other ethnic groups into the region led by Modibo Keïta had caused many Tuaregs to be evicted from their lands. Further implementation of Malian laws including the abolishment of slavery, female genital mutilation, and the abolishment of noble titles held by local chieftains. These chieftains began disorganized and low scale hit and run attacks beginning in late 1955. As 1956 rolled around and Malian soldiers had left to go fight the communists in Togo, the Tuareg declared full independence for Azawad as a loose tribal confederacy. This new confederacy began laying siege to several cities even sacking Gao, in early 1957. This was the final straw as more soldiers were mobilized including hardy moorish nomads from Mauritania.

Dahomey War

As the situation in Togoland continued to deteriorate the Communists spilled over into Dahomey led by Mathieu Kérékou however the people of Dahomey rallied behind the old Imperial family of Dahomey headed by Togni-Ahoussou. The Imperial faction captured most major cities isolating the communist to the bush and denying the Togolese an easy supply route through Dahomey.

Guinea Refuses Ties

Seeing the deterioration in the Malian Federation, corruption within the colonial system, and widespread rebellion, Guinea officially ended its discussion of joining the Malian Federation post independence, instead the Democratic Party of Guinean Independence led by Ahmed Sékou Touré officially voted for full independence following decolonization.

Teujira, Antagarichh, Grand Indochina, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

1956-1957

Guinean Coup

Deep divides have caused a rise in ethnic strife. The Mandinkan and Fula people have come to blows with the other ethnic minorities about whether or not to join the Malian Federation. Full civil war has exploded as the Malian Federation has sent supplies to arm the Fula and Mandinkan rebels against the other people’s. The Kpelle and Susu people have already begun being attacked and harassed with many fleeing to Sierra Leone, and Liberia to escape the violence. Minister Touré was overthrown in January 1957 by an armed coup, he was replaced by diplomat Boubacar Diallo Telli who immediately sent an application to join the Federation. The Susu and Kpelle have retreated from major cities beginning an underground insurgency. The Malian Government has deployed larger garrisons to the region and begun clearing the bushland sometimes with fire, and smoke to burn out the indigenous people from their strongholds.

1957

Breakout from Togo

The Malin Army laid besieged in Sokode since their loss at Kara. This siege would endure for nearly 6 months until it was lifted by help from the Dahomey Imperial Front. The Malian Army of 2,000 soldiers left alive has retreated back to Dahomey. The Communist Government in Lome has closed the port and stopped all ships from docking and seized any in the harbor. Togoland has been declared a full communist state and declared full independence from the French Community.

Teujira, Antagarichh, Czabalkia, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]APRIL 1955

CAIRO, EGYPT — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]وطن - عمل - استقلال

The Homeland - Labour - Independence

QUESTIONING THE SLAUGHTER[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]On the eve April 14th, 1955 Captain Ibrahim Yusuf, duty officer at the Benha Artillery School, summoned his school cadets to an urgent meeting in the dining hall. When they had assembled, the captain ordered all Sunni Muslims to leave. The remaining cadets were then gunned down by a group of anonymous assassins, leaving 12 dead and 30 wounded. The Egyptian military kept the news of the massacre a secret for about a week, during which it held urgent meetings regarding what the attack meant. Namely, it was the second outburst of lethal Islamist violence since the assasintion of Rashid Qaddab. This signalled that despite the harsh crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, it retained the capability to command some ideological influence in the military. Finally on the 19th, the news broke to the public via a passionate broadcast from the Minister of Interior, Mohammed Najib, who accused the Brotherhood of committing a “brutal slaughter of our brave soldiers” and that the Egyptian government will “liquidate” this “bloodthirsty gang.” Among those first hearing of the events in Benha through the Minister’s oration was President Nasser himself, who was furious that the army had kept it a secret from the civilian government. When Nasser summoned FATA’s Agency Executive, Ayash Al-Adel, the very next day, the Vice-President Mohammed Hassaneyn Heikel would tell the Al-Adel that “Nasser had been pacing up and down his office for hours, trying to stop himself from saying anything that would insult you.” This correspondence would prove monumental, as Nasser would be told that the army’s policies of suppressing the Brotherhood had not succeeded in its purpose of destroying the operational capacity of Egypt’s Islamists. [/sub]

[sub]While Capitan Ibrahim Yusuf was killed in the ensuing firefight within the school complex, as the Sunni-students realized what was going on and engaged the assassins, these events had still shown the versatile nature of the Brotherhood. Most importantly is that it has survived the aftermath of Qaddab’s assassination with enough retained organization to orchestrate lethal attacks. Most painful of all, was the extraordinary embarrassment for the army and the President, symbolized in such actions. However, despite propelling itself back into the focus of Egypt’s political affairs and distracting public attention from recent economic development, the Muslim Brotherhood still has to overcome its own political setbacks. For instance the group cannot influence any mainstream political programs, due to its designation as a “criminal organization”, which is unlikely to be lifted in the face of the renewed Islamist aggression. Furthermore, it is still recovering from the execution of many of its key leaders, including its original founder Hassan Al-Banna, in November 1953. All while reckoning with a significant drop in public sympathy for the organization due to its supposed links to the assassination of Rashid Qaddab. Arguably the most significant of its challenges is the inability to utilize Masjid’s and religious institutions to influence public opinion, as those have been placed under strict government oversight as a result of the post-Qaddab crackdown. This situation had developed a philosophical aspect in the background of the Islamist insurrection against the secular Republic of Egypt. Some Islamic philosophers came to question if the bold actions of violence perpetrated by the Brotherhood served in the interest of gaining a religious voice in mainstream politics. An even smaller amount began to question if the current program of religious revivalism was even a desirable framework. [/sub]

[sub]Such questioning resonated with Abdullah Ibn Sharif Abul’Abbas, an Egyptian scholar of Al-Azhar University. Abbas was never a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, yet he observed their activities closely with great interest. When the Brotherhood was forced underground by the military, Abbas had begun to form his theories by writing the book, ‘Ishlah’, or ‘Reform’. He concluded that the fatal weakness of Egypt’s Islamists was that they failed to adapt to the democratic political system established by the Republic, and thereby failed to leverage popular sympathies. Instead, they had boycotted Egypt’s elections unintentionally resulting in their increasing political isolation. Abbas proclaimed that the main problem was rooted in the Muslim Brotherhoods mentality, of overthrowing the secular Republic through force and violence, instead of fully taking advantage of the available civic opportunities. He would end his short writings, that were only around 100 pages, by calling for the ‘democratization of the Islamic program’. Stating that: “Islam would need to adapt to the demands of a modern political state, and accept some concessions to democratic forms of governance.” It was thus clear that the epitome of his writings would be aiming to resolve the conflict between religion and modernity, that the conflict between the Government and Muslim Brotherhood had come to embody. And furthermore, how concessions by the religious were required and democracy to be accepted, allowing religion to find a place in the modern world. The conversation between the members of the Muslim Brotherhood was in a strike contrast to this, as it revolved around a rebellion against modernity. Another difference is that Abbas showed little interest in determining the ‘truth’ based on religious texts and instead emphasized his writings on how Islam and sociopolitical sciences can be harmonized into a new movement. Islah would be published in the background of the Benha attacks, receiving a nuanced audience, yet still would command little attention from Abbas’ colleagues in Al-Azhar or the Muslim Brotherhood. Even due to its religious nature, many publishing offices refused to be associated with the book, as the memories of the 1953 crackdown remain fresh. Although it's ideas would call for moderation and resolution, the political climate would deem this too radical and out of step with reality.[/sub][/list]

Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz

[list][list]【𝗕𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗞 𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗗】 - [I]ليبيا، ليبيا ، ليبيا - 【𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗】

[sub]ꜰɪᴠᴇ ᴄʟɪᴄᴋꜱ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ...ɴᴏ...ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ, ᴅᴀᴍᴍɪᴛ ᴀʟʟ. ᴏᴋᴀʏ, 20 ᴄʟɪᴄᴋꜱ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ...ɴᴏᴘᴇ. ʀᴇᴀᴅʏ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴅ ᴀɢᴀɪɴ.[/sub][/list][/list]

|[sup]Libya, the poorest nation on earth, not much happens in Libya. The nation is a massive desert with little fertile land to farm or graze and to top it off, no real natural resources to exploit...or so it would seem. Since the early 1900s, various groups have been drilling in the Libya desert with the hope of finding anything, back then it was mainly water wells. Then the Italians invaded Libya, taking it away from the Ottomans thus making Libya an official Italian colony. Around 1915 deepwater wells drilled by Italians sometimes found natural gas. This was of interest but natural gas was not a prime commodity at that time. So Libya was still of little use, but now that Libya is independent, the need for an immediate cash cow was urgent. The government had to make money someway somehow. In 1935petrol was detected in water well drilled near Tripoli that was drilled at the request of a professor who was in charge of a water well drilling program. Thanks to this find, the government took an interest in finding more petroleum. A geological survey in Tripolitania was started in 1940 by the Italians but had no results as equipment was outdated and ill-maintained, not to mention no petroleum to speak of. After WW2, the new Royal government went to work setting up prospecting permits for eleven petroleum companies. Geologic surveys were undertaken by those companies and various results came from said surveys. The government would take a 12.5 percent royalty on their revenues and a 50 percent tax on profits. The royalty and other operating expenses were of course deductible in computing the profits of the company. Furthermore, Prime Minister Mustafa Ben Halim would be the head of Petroulim affairs within the Libyan nation. Still, things could be far better. As bribery, corruption, and exploitation by these companies was rampant. The surveys would often force nomads out of their encampments or bribe the local governor to turn a blind eye to their abuse. Still, these companies had a vested interest to discover petro in Libya as the country was in the Mediterranean Sea. Plus, Libya was seemingly stable and very western friendly compared to the other Arab states. In 1957 the Prime Minister plans to meet with French leadership on potentially allowing French oil companies to drill in Libya such as French para-statal Compagnie França;aise des Pétroles. The reason being that France had discovered oil on the Algerian side of the border and was relatively friendly with other Arab states. Libya also wanted to lessen its dependency on a single country such as the United Kingdom. Building relations with France could also put Libya in a better position against the Egyptians as Nasser's rise is continually rising at alarming rates.[/sup]|

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

The Reunified German Reich

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia

[list][list]【الوطن】 - 【מולדת】 - 【HOMELAND】

[sub]העיתון הציוני הראשון בארץ ישראל. ~מאז 1891[/sub]

Although with the foundation of Israel the rights of women have been imbedded in law, many women today suffer from inequality at large and misogynistic treatment at work and in public spaces. the sanctity of their body and their right to their body is being violated each day while the men if not partake in these awful acts turn a blind eye as if they "protect" their colleagues who do so. Last night the Cabinet and the Knesset passed the law which counters such behavior, Law. 71 stating that many actions until now regarded as nothing more then cheeky are now Illegal, women who find themselves feeling violated by any actions as follows are encouraged to sue their assaulter and see justice.

Actions specified in Law. 71 are as follows;

[list]-Providing benefits of any kind in exchange for any sexual acts.

-Sexual relationship between an employer and employee

-Touching any part of the body without approval.

-Cheeky sexual remarks.[/list]

While this is a tremendous improvement for the quality of life and of work for many women in Israel, seeing equality in things like salary or in the eyes of the "Rabbanut" is far from achieved. still this is a day for celebration for all women in Israel, congratulations!

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

April 15, 1957, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. Today, the Peruvian government has just passed a new law outlining Peruvian citizenship. While the Peruvian Constitution touches on the topic of citizenship, it has only really included those born to Peruvian citizen, those born of Peruvian ancestry, and those living in Peru at the time of the signing of the Constitution. One major topic covered by this new law is in regards to the tribal population within Peru. The law specifically clarified that tribal populations are not to be treated separately under Peruvian law, instead specifying that the tribal populace is under the same laws and jurisdiction as any other citizen. In other news, the Peruvian government has also created a new visa system in order to make it easy for enterprising people and those of technical expertise to bypass many of the requirements normally required to those wishing to enter Peru. As a part of this new system, there are five different Visas granted by government. A Green Visa shall be granted to those wishing to attend schooling in Peru. A Blue Visa shall be granted to those wishing to do business in Peru. A Red Visa shall be granted to those wishing to take up residence and work in Peru. A Purple Visa shall be granted to those wishing to visit Peru for tourism. Finally, A Gold Visa shall be granted to diplomatic personnel and those of higher socioeconomic class. Each visa is also available for family members of the qualified individuals. In other news, many prospectors seeking fortune have been granted permits to traverse through government land in the Amazon with the indent of finding mineral deposits under the rainforest, as well as those wishing to explore the rainforest for ecological research. These permits are being granted to complete the exploration of the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest and to mark more precise areas where companies can exploit mineral resources. The Peruvian government has indicated that a National Park to preserve some important biodiversity has been proposed by some citizens and a few wealthy philanthropists. This proposal has not been fully vetted nor has it been placed on the legislative scheduled as of this time. In other news, the Peruvian government has authorized some non-traditional pets, species normally native to the Amazon Rainforest, to be capable of being kept as pets by Peruvian citizens. This has reportedly been promoted as a way to preserve some species that may be affected by the deforestation of their natural habitats.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Czabalkia, Unitary Israel, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]CRISIS IN WEST AFRICA!

1956-1957 - Dakar, Federation of West Africa, French Union[/list][/list]

| The escalation of inter-national conflict within the West African Federation has grown from disputes in the colonial parliament in Dakar to a full-scale civil war between various ethnic, religious, and ideological groups throughout French West Africa, seemingly out of nowhere. With the sudden eruption of violence within the French Union, President Charles de Gaulle has become invested in quickly solving the issue whilst simultaneously dedicating very little effort to it, due to the ongoing insurgency in Algeria and crises in French North Africa. |

| Three primary militant groups have presented themselves; the pro-French federal government, led largely by a faction of French Sudanese politicians and nationalists; the Soviet-supported Togolese communists, led by Togolese communist Mathieu Kérékou; lastly, the Tuaregs, a nomadic Berber people from Azawad and southern Algeria. In the later months of 1956, the Togolese communists had seized most local government facilities within the state and declared independence from both the West African Federation and the French Union, however the French Union denied the legitimacy of the declaration and stated that it would 'unilaterally solve the issue'. For the first months of the conflict, the local West African Federal Army had been leading the French Union efforts to destroy the Togolese Communists with limited air support from the French Republic and material supplies from Central Africa, Tunisia, and Morocco; however, in early 1957, the West African Federal Army had been thrown out of southern Togo following an unsuccessful offensive, threatening the French Union's efforts to destroy the rebel government and reabsorb Togo back into West Africa. With Presidential approval, the French Republic authorizes 'Opération Colobe Noir', initiating the deployment of 2,500 French Foreign Legionary Paratroopers as part of a French Union effort to combat and defeat the Togolese communists. |

| The first deployment of the FFL Paratroopers takes place at Atakpame, an important junction within the center of the country. Connecting the northern and southern halves of the country, the French Republic aims to take the city to divide Togo in two, with which to then surround and destroy the communist insurgency. The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, supported by 16 Alouette IIs, are deployed by helicopter in the first helicopter-borne assault in French history. The 2e REP encounters little resistance in the city, and easily drives a small band of armed communist militiamen out of the town after landing. Within an hour of landing, the Regiment establishes a forward operating post on the northeast edge of town, creating a small defensive network and a radio post with which to radio to West African Federal Army command in nearby Dahomey. In order to secure a bastion of support among the civilian populace, the 2e REP organizes with local anti-communist Togolese around Atakpame. |

| In the coming weeks, the French Union forces aim to organize a push into Togo from Dahomey, along the two country's shared coast on the Gulf of Guinea. While the French Foreign Legionaries and pro-French Togolese continue to move from the inland, President de Gaulle has asked that the West African Federal Army dedicate at least 10,000 soldiers to an offensive aimed at capturing the Togolese coastal cities and, ultimately, the capital at Lome. In order to soften up the communist rebels in Lome, the French Republic has begun an aerial campaign against Lome and other cities including Grand Popo, Togoville, and Vogan; operating Sud Aviation Vautours based out of Dahomey and northern Togo, the French Air Force targets administrative and infrastructural buildings throughout southern Togo, carefully avoiding civilian areas and vital infrastructure such as roads, granaries, farms, and other buildings to that effect. |

| In France, the French Union commission watches the crisis intently day by day. After some deliberation, and watching local leaders throughout the internal West African borders slowly agree to a post-independence Malian Federation under Modibo Keïta, President de Gaulle has decided to meet with Mobido to discuss the borders and politics of a post-independence Malian Federation. Inviting the Malian politician to a summit in Dakar, the stable federal capital of the colonial federation, de Gaulle awaits for a return from the nationalist imperial claimant. |

Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Teymour

Zanbala Prz wrote:[list][list]【𝗕𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗞 𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗗】 - [I]ليبيا، ليبيا ، ليبيا - 【𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗】

[sub]ꜰɪᴠᴇ ᴄʟɪᴄᴋꜱ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ...ɴᴏ...ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ, ᴅᴀᴍᴍɪᴛ ᴀʟʟ. ᴏᴋᴀʏ, 20 ᴄʟɪᴄᴋꜱ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ...ɴᴏᴘᴇ. ʀᴇᴀᴅʏ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴅ ᴀɢᴀɪɴ.[/sub][/list][/list]

|[sup]Libya, the poorest nation on earth, not much happens in Libya. The nation is a massive desert with little fertile land to farm or graze and to top it off, no real natural resources to exploit...or so it would seem. Since the early 1900s, various groups have been drilling in the Libya desert with the hope of finding anything, back then it was mainly water wells. Then the Italians invaded Libya, taking it away from the Ottomans thus making Libya an official Italian colony. Around 1915 deepwater wells drilled by Italians sometimes found natural gas. This was of interest but natural gas was not a prime commodity at that time. So Libya was still of little use, but now that Libya is independent, the need for an immediate cash cow was urgent. The government had to make money someway somehow. In 1935petrol was detected in water well drilled near Tripoli that was drilled at the request of a professor who was in charge of a water well drilling program. Thanks to this find, the government took an interest in finding more petroleum. A geological survey in Tripolitania was started in 1940 by the Italians but had no results as equipment was outdated and ill-maintained, not to mention no petroleum to speak of. After WW2, the new Royal government went to work setting up prospecting permits for eleven petroleum companies. Geologic surveys were undertaken by those companies and various results came from said surveys. The government would take a 12.5 percent royalty on their revenues and a 50 percent tax on profits. The royalty and other operating expenses were of course deductible in computing the profits of the company. Furthermore, Prime Minister Mustafa Ben Halim would be the head of Petroulim affairs within the Libyan nation. Still, things could be far better. As bribery, corruption, and exploitation by these companies was rampant. The surveys would often force nomads out of their encampments or bribe the local governor to turn a blind eye to their abuse. Still, these companies had a vested interest to discover petro in Libya as the country was in the Mediterranean Sea. Plus, Libya was seemingly stable and very western friendly compared to the other Arab states. In 1957 the Prime Minister plans to meet with French leadership on potentially allowing French oil companies to drill in Libya such as French para-statal Compagnie França;aise des Pétroles. The reason being that France had discovered oil on the Algerian side of the border and was relatively friendly with other Arab states. Libya also wanted to lessen its dependency on a single country such as the United Kingdom. Building relations with France could also put Libya in a better position against the Egyptians as Nasser's rise is continually rising at alarming rates.[/sup]|

[spoiler=✯ 𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐃, 𝐄𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐒 𝐏𝐎𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐑 𝐃𝐄 𝐍𝐒! ✯]Teymour

Otsla

Val Verde-

New Raines

Zanbala Prz

Czabalkia

Stahlrahm

Not Xav

Antillian

Entralia

Grand Indochina

Teujira

The Reunified German Reich

Tadros

Kartnan

Pacifica Occidentalis

Lux Lumen[/spoiler]

[list][list]NORTH AFRICAN OIL BELT

21 APRIL 1957 - Zuwara, Nuqat al Khams, United Kingdom of Libya[/list][/list]

| Immediately after receiving word of the overtures made by King Idris to the French Union, the Foreign Ministry was keen to extend an open hand to the Libyan government, one of the few openly pro-Western Arab states that had maintained little relation with France since the end of the War. While France continues to maintain an extremely close relationship with neighboring Egypt, and develops a strong alliance with the Hashemite Arab Kingdom, Libya had remained mostly aligned with the United Kingdom. The offer of Prime Minister Mustafa Ben Halim to meet with the French government to discuss the opening of full economic cooperation between Libya and France has presented a unique opportunity to France to finally develop a de facto French-dominated North African economic landscape- therefore, without hesitation, Prime Minister Michel Debré agrees to a meeting with Prime Minister Ben Halim in Zuwara, a provincial capital near the Libyan-Tunisian border believed to be located near potential oil reserves. Alongside Debré, per the request of the Libyan government, will be Éric Vannier, the newly-incumbent Chairman of the French Petroleum Company. The FPC had become one of Europe's foremost petroleum companies due to exploratory efforts in Algeria, Iraq, and elsewhere, and had had a vested interest in pioneering oil efforts in both Egypt and Libya for some time. |

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

Czabalkia wrote:[list][list]CRISIS IN WEST AFRICA!

1956-1957 - Dakar, Federation of West Africa, French Union[/list][/list]

| The escalation of inter-national conflict within the West African Federation has grown from disputes in the colonial parliament in Dakar to a full-scale civil war between various ethnic, religious, and ideological groups throughout French West Africa, seemingly out of nowhere. With the sudden eruption of violence within the French Union, President Charles de Gaulle has become invested in quickly solving the issue whilst simultaneously dedicating very little effort to it, due to the ongoing insurgency in Algeria and crises in French North Africa. |

| Three primary militant groups have presented themselves; the pro-French federal government, led largely by a faction of French Sudanese politicians and nationalists; the Soviet-supported Togolese communists, led by Togolese communist Mathieu Kérékou; lastly, the Tuaregs, a nomadic Berber people from Azawad and southern Algeria. In the later months of 1956, the Togolese communists had seized most local government facilities within the state and declared independence from both the West African Federation and the French Union, however the French Union denied the legitimacy of the declaration and stated that it would 'unilaterally solve the issue'. For the first months of the conflict, the local West African Federal Army had been leading the French Union efforts to destroy the Togolese Communists with limited air support from the French Republic and material supplies from Central Africa, Tunisia, and Morocco; however, in early 1957, the West African Federal Army had been thrown out of southern Togo following an unsuccessful offensive, threatening the French Union's efforts to destroy the rebel government and reabsorb Togo back into West Africa. With Presidential approval, the French Republic authorizes 'Opération Colobe Noir', initiating the deployment of 2,500 French Foreign Legionary Paratroopers as part of a French Union effort to combat and defeat the Togolese communists. |

| The first deployment of the FFL Paratroopers takes place at Atakpame, an important junction within the center of the country. Connecting the northern and southern halves of the country, the French Republic aims to take the city to divide Togo in two, with which to then surround and destroy the communist insurgency. The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, supported by 16 Alouette IIs, are deployed by helicopter in the first helicopter-borne assault in French history. The 2e REP encounters little resistance in the city, and easily drives a small band of armed communist militiamen out of the town after landing. Within an hour of landing, the Regiment establishes a forward operating post on the northeast edge of town, creating a small defensive network and a radio post with which to radio to West African Federal Army command in nearby Dahomey. In order to secure a bastion of support among the civilian populace, the 2e REP organizes with local anti-communist Togolese around Atakpame. |

| In the coming weeks, the French Union forces aim to organize a push into Togo from Dahomey, along the two country's shared coast on the Gulf of Guinea. While the French Foreign Legionaries and pro-French Togolese continue to move from the inland, President de Gaulle has asked that the West African Federal Army dedicate at least 10,000 soldiers to an offensive aimed at capturing the Togolese coastal cities and, ultimately, the capital at Lome. In order to soften up the communist rebels in Lome, the French Republic has begun an aerial campaign against Lome and other cities including Grand Popo, Togoville, and Vogan; operating Sud Aviation Vautours based out of Dahomey and northern Togo, the French Air Force targets administrative and infrastructural buildings throughout southern Togo, carefully avoiding civilian areas and vital infrastructure such as roads, granaries, farms, and other buildings to that effect. |

| In France, the French Union commission watches the crisis intently day by day. After some deliberation, and watching local leaders throughout the internal West African borders slowly agree to a post-independence Malian Federation under Modibo Keïta, President de Gaulle has decided to meet with Mobido to discuss the borders and politics of a post-independence Malian Federation. Inviting the Malian politician to a summit in Dakar, the stable federal capital of the colonial federation, de Gaulle awaits for a return from the nationalist imperial claimant. |

West African Response

President Modibo Keïta has agreed to meet with the French delegation in Dakar. Dodging hostile groups of Tuaregs he and his armed entourage depart to Dakar.

A 10,000 Soldier Commitment

The Army has answered the call to arms with an estimated 10,000 soldiers being deployed to Dahomey to help the renewed French-Dahomey offensive.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:West African Response

President Modibo Keïta has agreed to meet with the French delegation in Dakar. Dodging hostile groups of Tuaregs he and his armed entourage depart to Dakar.

A 10,000 Soldier Commitment

The Army has answered the call to arms with an estimated 10,000 soldiers being deployed to Dahomey to help the renewed French-Dahomey offensive.

----SKIP TO MEETING----

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, a warm and hearty welcome."[/list]

Teujira, Teymour

Czabalkia wrote:----SKIP TO MEETING----

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, a warm and hearty welcome."[/list]

Mr. De Gualle maybe it should be me welcoming you to Africa *He Laughs* but yes please let us get down to business.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Mr. De Gualle maybe it should be me welcoming you to Africa *He Laughs* but yes please let us get down to business.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "You have made quite a name for yourself, here in West Africa and abroad. I would like to thank you for your stalwart commitment to the preservation of the French Union and the Federation of West Africa. However, I have become aware that your desire for a post-independence West Africa does not exactly align with the pre-determined goals and objectives laid out in previous negotiations between the French Republic and the French Union states in Africa."[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Teymour

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "You have made quite a name for yourself, here in West Africa and abroad. I would like to thank you for your stalwart commitment to the preservation of the French Union and the Federation of West Africa. However, I have become aware that your desire for a post-independence West Africa does not exactly align with the pre-determined goals and objectives laid out in previous negotiations between the French Republic and the French Union states in Africa."[/list]

I know they do not; however, you yourself know that if the people vote, which many of them have, pro Malian union politicians then how can you stand in the way of the peopleÂ’s Democratic will? Even you yourself must be aware such talks have happened in Central Africa. I have not forced anyoneÂ’s hand or even greased the wheels of Democracy, I merely proposed a different vision. Should people later opt to vote out of the union post independence I shall not stop them. I would hope that the French government can gracefully respect that Mr. President.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:I know they do not; however, you yourself know that if the people vote, which many of them have, pro Malian union politicians then how can you stand in the way of the peopleÂ’s Democratic will? Even you yourself must be aware such talks have happened in Central Africa. I have not forced anyoneÂ’s hand or even greased the wheels of Democracy, I merely proposed a different vision. Should people later opt to vote out of the union post independence I shall not stop them. I would hope that the French government can gracefully respect that Mr. President.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, in no way did I come here to argue. The point of this summit is to negotiate independence on terms favorable for both the Africans and the French Union. The establishment of a strong, democratic Africa is within the vested interest of the French Republic and the French Union; however, the will of the people in Africa has deviated from what has already been written, and what we have been working towards. Therefore, I find it essential to establish a comprehensive independence plan based on recent referendums and agreements signed between the local leaders of West Africa."[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, in no way did I come here to argue. The point of this summit is to negotiate independence on terms favorable for both the Africans and the French Union. The establishment of a strong, democratic Africa is within the vested interest of the French Republic and the French Union; however, the will of the people in Africa has deviated from what has already been written, and what we have been working towards. Therefore, I find it essential to establish a comprehensive independence plan based on recent referendums and agreements signed between the local leaders of West Africa."[/list]

Modibo Keïta

I do agree we must have an extensive plan especially as things have changed for everyone in Africa. I myself was once a radical socialist but I came upon the decaying ruins of Timbuktu and I knew we could make something greater. I hope we can come to a solid agreement in regards to the path for African independence.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia

[pre]Year of the Fire Rooster

April 1957[/pre]

新教育政策!

New Education Policy!

[sub]China once led the world in science and in technology, with her scientists and engineers innovating and developing technology to be used the world over. Centuries of languishing education have led to a decline in scientific awareness in China, with a series of successively less rationalist dynasties driving into the dirt what remained of Tang and Song scientific glory. After the collapse of the Qing in 1911, and the subsequent ravaging of the nation by forces internal and external, backsliding has reached an extent where only 60% of the populace has a modicum of literacy in the Chinese language. This state of affairs resulted largely by a destruction of educational facilities such as schools and universities by Japanese invading forces, and conscription of most able-bodied males into the army in order to resist the imperialists.

Despite the fact that China is therefore in an unenviable position when it comes to the advancement of scientific knowledge, one thing is for certain: if she is to reclaim her place in the world order, it will not be a China full of illiterates and bumpkins that does so. Modernity, then, is the need of the hour; this immediately rules out the possibility of reimplementing Qing-era education policies, which were typically rather backward when compared to those of the West and the imperialist Japanese. A new curriculum, one that covers all aspects of modern natural history, must be drawn up in accordance with the German model promulgated by the government of the Kaiser, and subsequently the modern Federal Republic. This system, despite its imperialist origins, is one that is well-suited to China's purposes of instilling key cultural values of order and discipline, as well as equipping the populace with the scientific knowledge necessary for gainful employment in the advancement of the Chinese economy.

Indeed, this is a system that is not entirely alien to China- having seen limited implementation in the former German colonies of Qingdao and Jiaozhou Bay during the late 19th Century, it has been tried and proven successful in China itself. Noted by many as one of the most advanced cities in Asia and indeed the world of its time, Qingdao under the German Empire provides the modern People's Republic with a convenient blueprint off which to construct its curriculum.

The National Advisory Board of the Department of Education thus found itself presented with a daunting, but feasible task: to revolutionise education in China, in order to create a state that was not only literate, but truly educated and truly intelligent, in order to provide China with a workforce that is by some orders of magnitude the most capable east of Moscow.

To that end, China's huge population serves as a blessing and yet also a curse. In spite of the vast masses that must be enlightened, it is clear that upon the achievement of the goals outlined by the Board, China's workforce and populace will be nigh-unparalleled.

In order to instill modern values of rationalism as well as those of socialism into the Chinese populace, it is imperative that those first targeted must constitute the bulk of China's population pyramid: one such group does, of course, exist- rural farmers.

With the rapid mechanisation of Chinese agriculture under the Five-Year-Plan rendering China not only sustainably food self-sufficient but also a major food exporter to her allies in North Korea, Burma, Mongolia and Indonesia, the now-modern farmers represent a population base that is ripe for the introduction of education and education mechanisms that will replace what little infrastructure of that kind exists in the countryside already. Increasing exports and massive bumper crops yielded by the cessation of the Drought of 1955 as well as the mechanisation of agriculture have left Chinese farmers a group that is rather more prosperous than not only its contemporaries in nations such as India and Korea, and indeed even Japan, but also leagues ahead of the impoverished populace that was seen not 5 years before the establishment of the PRC, with an estimated 200 million having been lifted out of poverty into working-class or lower middle class income levels, a transformative process that places China decisively ahead of its Asian power competitors in India, and only marginally behind the modern population of Japan.

This population base therefore has a large number of children, who need not necessarily work in the fields any longer due to the lessened demands on labour represented by the mechanisation of agriculture. These children, who are nothing short of China's future, therefore have the ability to attend schools and expose themselves to modern learning- which is what will be done. Primary schools are to be established in every village of a population greater than 1500 individuals, and all towns (population greater than 3000) are to have constructed secondary schools. Primary schools are from the age of 5-11, while secondary schools are from 11-16, in accordance with the German model. Both levels of schooling shall be compulsory, and government-funded out of tax money.

Teachers will be selected via the existing mandarin exam, which is amply selective in producing intelligent and competent graduates; university degrees are to be compulsory for teachers teaching at the secondary level and beyond. Teachers will thus be assigned to schools accordingly, with there being 1 headmaster and 4 subject teachers per primary school, and 1 headmaster and 7 subject teachers per secondary school. In all, 13,700 schooling facilities are to be established, which will also provide children attending with 2 meals free of charge. School fees are to be paid directly to the government, which will requisition some portion of each school's taking for teacher's salaries, designed to be rewarding in order to incentivise youths, both male and female, to take up the prestigious but historically poorly-remunerated position of teacher. The remainder of each school's designated amount will then be redirected to the headmaster of the school, who under Party oversight will use it to purchase school materials and schoolbooks for the students.

The students will be educated in a manner that covers all aspects of science, culture, and mathematics examined in the West, with special classes on loyalty to the Party and to socialism, as well as on history and Chinese culture. Students will be instructed solely in modern simplified Mandarin, as outlined by the linguistic guidelines of 1949. However, multiple foreign languages will also be taught, with students having Russian and English as compulsory subjects, as well as a compulsory 4th language; students may choose from any of 4 Asian languages: Japanese, Korean, Hindi and Malay.

They will be instructed in the languages of their choosing from age 5 onwards, while their linguistic capabilities are still developing- the result being that by graduation they have fluency at near-native levels in all 3 of their chosen languages, aside of course from Mandarin and dialect.

Mathematics will also be instructed from an early age, with students having to study a challenging syllabus that is designed to be 1 year ahead of Western curriculums in its covering of all topics; as a result all students will be exposed to college-level mathematics before graduating secondary school.

Chinese history and Chinese literature will also be taught, with an object to making students cultured and well-grounded in their own heritage; however, the cultural retellings will be merged with the Party line, with students learning from a young age that loyalty to the Party above all is their duty to the motherland.

Sciences will be taught in accordance to the Soviet line, which proposes a curriculum that is decidedly more advanced than that taught in the West. However, here again it will be modified to introduce more advanced topics, resulting in a Chinese populace that is likely one of the best-educated in the world.

In addition to the academic curriculum, all students will have a mandatory physical education lesson from enrollment onwards, in order to promote fitness and create a healthier population. Subsequently, this lesson will be supplemented by a military training and indoctrination lesson from age 13 onwards, where students are trained as part of the Young Pioneers in use of weaponry, wildcraft and so on, to prepare them for voluntary service in the army for a period of 6 months post-graduation, to serve as a reservist in the People's Militia till age 40. This ensures that the People's Militia has a reserve strength numbering in the tens of millions at least, with both men and women being encouraged to serve. Additionally, by equipping every Chinese citizen to resist aggression by imperialist powers, it realises Chairman Mao's vision of a People's War, and ensures that every Chinese man and woman will fight to the death to stop aggression against the People's Republic. By also building loyalty to the Party, it creates a deeply loyal populace that has loyalty not to Mao as was currently the case, but directly to the party and to the idea of a united China.

Chairman Mao has proposed a target of 99.5% literacy/enrollment by the year 1959, an ambitious but achievable figure from 1956's 66.45%.

Education will be guaranteed to all citizens, regardless of gender, as a constitutional right, and be made mandatory from the primary level to graduation from secondary school. With the burgeoning Chinese economy, the government feels safe in guaranteeing all high school graduates jobs at some level within the government, which ensures at least a comfortable existence for all graduating citizens. The effect of this would be the most rapid modernisation of a nation in history, with China transitioning from a rural and dirt-poor populace to a decidedly middle-income nation on par with other socialist nations in Europe, including the USSR and indeed East Germany, by 1963.

College-level and other higher education will also be nationalised and provided cost-free for those who are able to pass the challenging Mandarin exam (which is itself to be modernised) after their high-school graduation. This practice will of course be voluntary; however, the state will fund living expenses as well as tuition costs for those who elect to attend colleges, with the caveat that tax rates are to be increased nationwide by 4%, on top of existing progressive taxation.

Research universities for the scientific subjects will be established in each province of the nation, located in the provincial capital city. In addition, a number of the most prestigious institutions, including the University of Peking, the University of Tsinghua and others, numbering 17 in total, will be developed into national-level universities, and receive generous funding that will enable them to compete reliably with universities across the Eastern Bloc and the Western world. In addition to the modern curriculum instructed here, students will also be exposed to a great deal of nationalist propaganda, encouraging them to swear servitude to the Chinese motherland. By instituting colleges that are by far the most advanced in Asia, China hopes also to attract international students from poorer nations in mainland Asia, such as either of the Koreas, India, Mongolia, Pakistan, Indonesia and others, in order to also spread a degree of soft power and cultural influence to these emerging nations.

In essence, this Chinese New Education Policy is a transformative decree, which when it is completed will revolutionise China, turning it into a modern and scientific society, and equipping the Chinese proletariat with the tools needed to serve the motherland to a degree that could not be expected of illiterate peasants.[/sub]

Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Mozam

A Secret Far-Right Conspiracy !

A Military Coup !

Japan on the Verge of Civil War ?

Find out about it and much more (such as why the current era is called Heiwa, the current Emperor is Akihito, or the Constitution only adopted in 1949...) in these now-finished factbooks.

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1465100

https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1467873

I'll begin posting very soon, so the above is mandatory reading if you want to have a clue about what will be going on.

As stated before, it's just a recounting of my RPs here before I became inactive, with only very slight retcons (the factbooks are the legit source of authority if you notice slight discrepancies but that shouldn't happen).

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Teymour

[list][list]【البرقية】 - 【המברק】 - 【𝕋ℍ𝔼 𝕋𝔼𝕃𝔼𝔾ℝ𝔸𝕄】

[sub]החדשות, כל שבוע בידיוק באותה שעה ובאותו מקום. ~מאז 1947[/sub]

𝓟𝓡𝓔𝓢𝓘𝓓𝓔𝓝𝓣 𝓦𝓔𝓘𝓩𝓜𝓐𝓝𝓝, 𝓓𝓔𝓐𝓓!

[list][sub]We are sorry to announce the death of our President, Chaim Azriel Weizmann, he passed on during his sleep on the night of the 9th of April (1957) at the age of 83. He was a man of peace, science and a true Zionist. A man who contributed so much to his country, He was a statesman who served as president of the Zionist Organization and later as the first president of Israel. It was he who convinced the United States government to recognize our young nation. As biochemist, Weizmann is considered to be the 'father' of industrial fermentation. He developed the acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process, which produces acetone, n-Butanol and ethanol through bacterial fermentation. His acetone production method was of great importance in the manufacture of cordite explosive propellants for the British war industry during World War I. He founded the Sieff Research Institute in Rehovot, Israel, and was instrumental in the establishment of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Prime Minister and the Hebrew science association announced the renaming of the Sieff Research Institute to the Weizmann Research Institute in his honor.[/sub][/list]

𝓒𝓗𝓘𝓔𝓕 𝓞𝓕 𝓢𝓣𝓐𝓕𝓕 𝓔𝓧𝓒𝓗𝓐𝓝𝓖𝓔, 𝓨𝓘𝓖𝓐𝓛 𝓨𝓐𝓓𝓘𝓝 𝓜𝓐𝓚𝓔𝓢 𝓦𝓐𝓨 𝓕𝓞𝓡 𝓜𝓞𝓢𝓗𝓔 𝓓𝓐𝓨𝓐𝓝.

[list][sub]on the 15th of April (1957) in a grand ceremony, the first Chief of Staff, Yigal Yadin, Retired and handed over his position to his successor, an Impressive general, Yigal Yadin served our country with the army since it's independence and even before fighting alongside the liberation movement with the Haganah. his successor, no less impressive, Moshe Dayan assumes his new office with grace. A hero recognized aboard as well as in Israel he was awarded the Légion d'honneur from [nation=long]Czabalkia[/nation] for his service and bravery during WWII. may we see quiet and peaceful years during his service as the new Chief of General Staff.[/sub]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Modibo Keïta

I do agree we must have an extensive plan especially as things have changed for everyone in Africa. I myself was once a radical socialist but I came upon the decaying ruins of Timbuktu and I knew we could make something greater. I hope we can come to a solid agreement in regards to the path for African independence.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'As you know doubt know, the current independence partition will see the West African Federation divided into Mali, Senegal, Mauritania, Azawad, Niger, Dahomey, Togo, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and the Upper Volta. However, it has become evident that the desires in the colonies have changed regarding these borders and that the West African Federation, in its short time around, has created a sense of federation between West Africans that was not existent until the creation of the French Union. What have you to say of this?'[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Teymour

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'As you know doubt know, the current independence partition will see the West African Federation divided into Mali, Senegal, Mauritania, Azawad, Niger, Dahomey, Togo, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and the Upper Volta. However, it has become evident that the desires in the colonies have changed regarding these borders and that the West African Federation, in its short time around, has created a sense of federation between West Africans that was not existent until the creation of the French Union. What have you to say of this?'[/list]

Modibo Keïta

Yes, that is indeed true, a sense of brotherhood and national unity has begun to stir among many political leaders of the nation. The graduating class of 56Â’ was a proud moment that unified many within our nation. The rebuilding of Timbuktu and other historical sites and the close linking through railway and highway have built a new culture in our little colony here.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Modibo Keïta

Yes, that is indeed true, a sense of brotherhood and national unity has begun to stir among many political leaders of the nation. The graduating class of 56Â’ was a proud moment that unified many within our nation. The rebuilding of Timbuktu and other historical sites and the close linking through railway and highway have built a new culture in our little colony here.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, based upon what you know and what you think the people of West Africa want, what would the borders of a post-independence West Africa look like, compared to what the Federation and the French Republic have been working towards?"[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Teymour

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, based upon what you know and what you think the people of West Africa want, what would the borders of a post-independence West Africa look like, compared to what the Federation and the French Republic have been working towards?"[/list]

Modibo Keïta

According to my current votes and active interest it seems the muslin areas of the nation will remain in a unified Muslim Malian Federation, while all the majority Christian areas like Dahomey, Togo, and Ivory Coast will go their separate ways to independence. I understand their worries being dominated by a Muslim nation, I can assure you any minorities in our nation face equal protections.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Teymour

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Modibo Keïta

According to my current votes and active interest it seems the muslin areas of the nation will remain in a unified Muslim Malian Federation, while all the majority Christian areas like Dahomey, Togo, and Ivory Coast will go their separate ways to independence. I understand their worries being dominated by a Muslim nation, I can assure you any minorities in our nation face equal protections.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'This Malian Federation would certainly be one of the larger nations in a post-colonial Africa then, to be sure. Would it be stable? The situation in West Africa right now leads me to believe it might be plagued by insurgency and internal ethnic division. I will not allow the creation of a Malian Federation with such enlarged borders if it is prone to collapse into civil war and destroy what the French Union and local authorities have made strides towards- the stability and cohesion, socially and economically, of Africa.'[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'This Malian Federation would certainly be one of the larger nations in a post-colonial Africa then, to be sure. Would it be stable? The situation in West Africa right now leads me to believe it might be plagued by insurgency and internal ethnic division. I will not allow the creation of a Malian Federation with such enlarged borders if it is prone to collapse into civil war and destroy what the French Union and local authorities have made strides towards- the stability and cohesion, socially and economically, of Africa.'[/list]

Only one group is plaguing us with internal stability, and it is the Goddamn Tuaregs. They refuse democracy, practice slavery, and attack our railroad building. Something must be done about these bandits.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia

[list][list]OPERATION MULHOUSE: FRENCH INVOLVEMENT IN GREECE, 1953 TO 1957[/list][/list]

| The invasion of communist Greece by a force of some 14,000 Greek refugees armed, trained, and supported covertly by the French Union had proven extremely successful. After capturing Crete and minor outlying islands by the end of June 1953, the rag-tag Hellenic Armed Forces were bolstered by direct military involvement by the French Union and, in part, the Cypriot Republic. Supported by 7,000 French Army infantry and heavy air campaigns from the French Air Force, the Hellenic Armed Forces easily overwhelmed the poorly armed, demoralized Hellenic People's Revolutionary Army, which saw droves of malnourished conscripts defect over the course of the liberation campaign. Entering Athens mostly unopposed, Greece was liberated from the communist government within three months. President de Gaulle, addressing the international community in a televised address, said of the invasion: |

[list][list][list][list]"The French Union, per our agreements signed with the Hellenic Government in Exile, have committed the full might of our available forces to aid, in a measured and meticulous manner, the Hellenic Armed Forces as they restore law, order, and good government to Greece . . . it is the priority of the French Union, and all free nations of the world, to support the efforts of the Hellenic Armed Forces against unjust tyranny and dictatorship and their right to self-determination in the face of Soviet-backed oppression."[/list][/list][/list][/list]

| Since the success of Operation Mulhouse by October 1953, Greece has been ruled by a Provisional Government under Prime Minister Dimistrios Maximos, leader of the Greek Government in Exile before the invasion. The Provisional Government has established Greece as a free republic under French protection, with French troops continuing to remain stationed in Greece into the present providing internal and external security as well as training the Hellenic Armed Forces. Backed by the French Union, the Provisional Government has spent the past four years tearing down and replacing the dysfunctional communist system which had governed Greece since the end of the Civil War. In the place of the dysfunctional, 'alternative' government would be a republican government with a strong Presidency, a bicameral legislature, and a judicial branch, based upon the constitution of the French Fifth Republic. Collaborating closely with President de Gaulle, Prime Minister Maximos has mostly prepared Greece for the new republican era, and has made cozy relations with France, the International Economic Community, and the United States. |

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Zanbala Prz

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Only one group is plaguing us with internal stability, and it is the Goddamn Tuaregs. They refuse democracy, practice slavery, and attack our railroad building. Something must be done about these bandits.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, this demonization of an entire people group is worrying. How can I trust that a Malian Federation would be committed to modern, democratic principles, when hundreds of thousands of people are slandered as bandits and slavers? If the Tuaregs desire autonomy, which the French Union acknowledges, it is perhaps best that Azawad continue its course towards independence separate of Mali. The French Union will continue to attack the slave trade and that deplorable, antique practice and fight insurgency where it may appear, but the will of the Tuaregs for autonomy following independence must be respected."[/list]

Teujira, Grand Indochina

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Mr. Keita, this demonization of an entire people group is worrying. How can I trust that a Malian Federation would be committed to modern, democratic principles, when hundreds of thousands of people are slandered as bandits and slavers? If the Tuaregs desire autonomy, which the French Union acknowledges, it is perhaps best that Azawad continue its course towards independence separate of Mali. The French Union will continue to attack the slave trade and that deplorable, antique practice and fight insurgency where it may appear, but the will of the Tuaregs for autonomy following independence must be respected."[/list]

Azawad is directly in the middle of where our people are settling in the new capital. The raiders which are Tuareg are upset because we have settled people in their land. Freedom of movement and settlement is perfectly reasonable for my people, and we cannot face sustained attacks. We are already fighting communist forces in Togo, we must crack down on these raiders before they too turn to radicalism to achieve their goals. I will offer them autonomy in Niger for instance, but not over an are a vital to our burgeoning movement.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:Azawad is directly in the middle of where our people are settling in the new capital. The raiders which are Tuareg are upset because we have settled people in their land. Freedom of movement and settlement is perfectly reasonable for my people, and we cannot face sustained attacks. We are already fighting communist forces in Togo, we must crack down on these raiders before they too turn to radicalism to achieve their goals. I will offer them autonomy in Niger for instance, but not over an are a vital to our burgeoning movement.

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "I will have the High Commissioner, Mr. Gentile-Cornut, investigate the issue for now, but I ask that the Federal West African Army refrain from offensive actions against the Tuareg community. We have made great strides against communist forces in Togo, and I do not wish the French Union to be held accountable for any potential ethnic crisis which could emerge from wholescale attack against the Tuaregs in their own land. An ethnic conflict between the people of Mali and the people of Azawad would accomplish nothing beyond destroying what the French Union has worked towards. If Tuareg militants attack the federal government, or local West African administrations, use of force is acceptable."[/list]

Teujira

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "I will have the High Commissioner, Mr. Gentile-Cornut, investigate the issue for now, but I ask that the Federal West African Army refrain from offensive actions against the Tuareg community. We have made great strides against communist forces in Togo, and I do not wish the French Union to be held accountable for any potential ethnic crisis which could emerge from wholescale attack against the Tuaregs in their own land. An ethnic conflict between the people of Mali and the people of Azawad would accomplish nothing beyond destroying what the French Union has worked towards. If Tuareg militants attack the federal government, or local West African administrations, use of force is acceptable."[/list]

We will hold off on offensive tactics against the Tuaregs but we will be on the defensive against all raids into our cities by hostile forces. Is there anything else Mr President?

Teujira, Czabalkia

2Nd New England Commonwealth wrote:We will hold off on offensive tactics against the Tuaregs but we will be on the defensive against all raids into our cities by hostile forces. Is there anything else Mr President?

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE: 'The situation is still developing. However, beyond Togo and Azawad, the situation seems incredibly under control. Once the Togolese rebels have been crushed and an understanding is made between the Malians and the Tuaregs, we can begin the final motions towards the independence of the West African Federation. Of course, as it is understood, the certain conditions would apply - the West African states would remain within the International Economic Community, allow naval stations to be used by the French Navy, and the conditions that were agreed upon at the creation of the French Union - but otherwise, West Africa seems to be on course for full independence within just a year to three years. We will no for sure once the military crisis in Togoland has been resolved.'[/list]

Teujira

Czabalkia wrote:[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE: 'The situation is still developing. However, beyond Togo and Azawad, the situation seems incredibly under control. Once the Togolese rebels have been crushed and an understanding is made between the Malians and the Tuaregs, we can begin the final motions towards the independence of the West African Federation. Of course, as it is understood, the certain conditions would apply - the West African states would remain within the International Economic Community, allow naval stations to be used by the French Navy, and the conditions that were agreed upon at the creation of the French Union - but otherwise, West Africa seems to be on course for full independence within just a year to three years. We will no for sure once the military crisis in Togoland has been resolved.'[/list]

Modibo Keïta

Well then if there is not anything else I bid you farewell sir.

Teujira, Czabalkia

Post self-deleted by Kiger.

[sub]11 October 1946[/sub]

[sup]Him or Him?[/sup]

Social Democratic Workers' Party elects new leader - New cabinet to be submitted to HM King Gustaf VI Adolf

It had been 5 days since the death of the Prime Minister and Leader of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SAP), Per Albin Hansson from a heart attack. In that period, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Östen Undén had been serving as Acting Prime Minister whilst a successor was being chosen from within the SAP. By all accounts, there was a fierce but respectful struggle between Tage Erlander and Gustav Möller for the leadership of the party and thus the position of Prime Minister. Both men were close to Per Albin Hansson and shared many of the same values as the late statesman but aligned themselves with the 'centrist' and 'leftist' factions within the party. Möller, having worked as Minister for Social Affairs under three Prime Ministers for a combined period of approximately 15 years, was an experienced politician and considered to be the main architect of Sweden's nascent welfare state. On the other hand, Erlander's political resume was less impressive. Having served as State Secretary to the Minister for Social Affairs (Möller) for 6 years and subsequently as Minister of Education, he was not as well known nor as experienced. The election was ultimately won by Erlander by a small margin against his opponent. Erlander, by virtue of being elected the leader of the biggest party in both the upper and lower chamber, was the new Prime Minister of Sweden. With a meeting between the Erlander and the King set to be organised in order to confirm his appointment, Erlander will also submit a new list of names for the first Erlander cabinet. Most political commentators do not expect there to be a drastic change in the make-up of the cabinet, with most ministers being retained from the fourth Hansson cabinet. However, among the media and the opposition there remains a question over Erlander's future; will he last? Unexperienced and unknown are the words most used to describe him. With a general election coming in only 2 years time and a burgeoning bourgeois opposition in the form of the People's Party under the 'social liberal' economist Bertil Ohlin, Erlander's future is uncertain.

Teujira, Otsla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[sub]19 September 1948[/sub]

[sup]The Polls Were Wrong[/sup]

The results are in! Tage Erlander manages surprise victory - Bertil Ohlin make gains with People's Party

The lead-up to the general election of 1948 was uncharacteristically bitter and hostile. The Social Democratic Workers' Party (SAP) and the People's Party (PP) had butted heads in public, with attacks not only on party policies but also personal attacks against individuals. The SAP-led government had been forced into the defensive, having implemented the unpopular policy of rationing on products such as coffee, cocoa, tea, and petroleum in order to lower the total value of imports into the country. This was motivated by the fact that Sweden had entered into a monetary crisis, where the state had amassed a deficit of over 1.4 billion kronor due to the imbalance in trade caused by the appreciation of the krona and the government's policy of essentially subsidising foreign imports into the country with the Riksbank. The government also implemented restrictions that made it harder to make payments for imports by companies. These unpopular policies were the focal point of attack from the liberal People's Party led by Bertil Ohlin. He popularised the term "Krångel-Sverige", meaning "Hassle Sweden", and attacked the SAP as "authoritarians" who sought to regulate the life of ordinary Swedes.

The night before the election, an opinion poll showed that the Social Democratic Workers' Party might attain as little as 42.5% of the vote. Compared with the 46.6% of the vote which Per Albin Hansson amassed in 1944, this would've been a sharp decline. However, it was becoming clear when the electoral results were being announced that Erlander's SAP had managed to hold on to most of their seats. Indeed, they had won 112 seats and won 46.1% of the vote. This was only a 0.5% dip in comparison with the last election. On the other hand, the People's Party made significant gains electorally, winning 22.8% of the vote and 58 seats. Meaning that it gained an additional 32 seats and 10% more votes. However, most of these gains were made at the expense of other opposition parties, with 22 of those seats having been held by the Farmers' League and The Right. This meant that with support from the Communists, who had themselves lost seven seats, Erlander was able to remain as Prime Minister and serve a complete term. Of the 230 members of the new Riksdag, 23 are women with two belonging to The Right, eight to the People's Party, and 13 to the SAP.

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]GERBOISE BLEUE

8 May 1957 - Saharan Military Experiments Centre, Reggane, French Algeria[/list][/list]

| A crowd of hundreds of scientists, most French but some German, stand within the fortified command post overlooking the vast testing site. Some sixteen kilometers away from the spire holding the bomb, the scientists don nuclear protection goggles and, to be safe, limited amounts of personal protective equipment over their suits and ties. A clock on the wall reads with the hour hand on the seven, and the minute hand on two - only two minutes left before detonation. Standing in the room are a variety of France's nuclear weapons program's chief architects: Bertrand Goldschmidt, Yves Rocard, Brigadier General Pierre Marie Gallois, Hans von Halban, Lew Kowarski, Jules Guéron, even the German scientists Kurt Diebner, Werner Heisenberg, Friedrich Bopp, all awaiting the detonation of the bomb. So important is the event that even Prime Minister Michel Debré stands within the room, notepad in hand. A few journalists, and even fewer cameras, are in the command post as well, all also waiting for the detonation of the bomb. The last group of personnel present are a small crew of Egyptian nuclear scientists, whose presence is banned from being mentioned. |

| As those on the mainland in Europe and along the North African Coast begin to wake to celebrations of V-E Day, the scientists, military men, and politicians deep in the heart of the Sahara quietly discuss their anxieties, excitements, fears as the seconds tick by and the final preparations are made by the technical team. The nuclear bomb sitting atop the tower far out in the desert, Gerbois Bleue, had been developed on paper at the Atomic Energy Commission's headquarters in Algiers, it had been manufactured on-site at the Reggane Saharan Military Experiments Centre utilizing uranium mined and imported from northwestern Niger, and the technical crew preparing the detonation was largely responsible for assembly on the atom bomb. A plutonium-based bomb, it had been designed by some of the most talented physicists in Europe based on Second World War studies by both the Axis and Allied Powers. Barring a tragedy, the success of the detonation is wholeheartedly awaited. |

| The clock strikes 7:04A.M. and, after a few seconds of anxiousness, there is a blinding flash that encompasses the entire desert beyond from the tower just above the horizon. The blinding flash subsides, giving way for a gigantic fireball of near Biblical proportions as shockwaves rattle the compound some forty five seconds after the initial blast. The fireball develops into an entire mushroom cloud, French Air Force jets overhead recording scientific data regarding radiation. Initial data taken by scientific instruments scattered across the blast site reveal a yield of nearly 92 kt, well above the expected 70 kt. At 92 kt, the bomb's yield presents itself as higher than the largest previous nuclear bombs detonated by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States put together. |

| Hugs and jubilation abound at the command post as the scientists and technical crew celebrate their success. The few journalists present and some cameramen from the Army Corps of Photographers are quick to take pictures of the bomb from the test site, as well as of the celebrating scientists cheering in the concrete building. At 7:06:45 Reggane Time, a message is sent from the Saharan Military Experiments Centre to Paris, directly to the Élysée: 'GERBOIS BLEUE IS A SUCCESS. WEAPON SUCCESSFULLY DETONATED 7:04:00. SHOCKWAVE FELT AT ROUGHLY 7:04:45. ESTIMATED YIELD 92 KILOTONS. VIVE LA FRANCE!' de Gaulle, within the Situation Room of the Palace, surrounded by statesmen and military officers almost all holding coffee mugs. The telegraph from Reggane arrives in Paris and is quickly hand delivered to de Gaulle, who exclaims: |

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, PRESIDENT OF FRANCE: "Gentlemen, the defense of France has been secured this morning. Not only was the bomb built, but it outperformed. Vive la France!"[/list]

| The men gathered in the room raise their mugs to chants of 'Vive la France!' before hugging one another and talking amongst themselves about the success. The conference in the situation room slowly develops into a small celebration in the Salle des Fêtes early in the morning before official government V-E Day celebration events begin in Paris. After a couple hours of socializing and celebrating, the crowd splits away to allow for its members to prepare for the long day ahead of ceremonies and celebrations. de Gaulle, after heading back to his office, drives to the main studio of Radionationale, France's pre-eminent state radio company, to deliver a short speech announcing the success of the operation. After arriving at the studio and being introduced, he gives a short statement over the airwaves. |

[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'My fellow Frenchmen,

This day is a sacred and honored day for us and our nation.

As we begin a day of celebration and commemoration of our victory, our soldiers, our resistance, and our brave lost compatriots, I would like to make a short statement regarding a development of national importance which I have just been made aware of.

This morning, at 7:04 A.M. local time, elements of the French Armed Forces and the Atomic Energy Commission successfully detonated a nuclear weapon designed and produced in France at a weapons site within the French Sahara. The detonation of this device, Gerboise Bleue, was an outstanding success. The nuclear weapon outperformed all expectations due to the efforts of the French military and scientific complex. Gerboise Bleue is, according to our instruments and our personnel on site, the largest nuclear detonation to date.

So, Hurray for France! Since this morning, she is stronger and prouder.

I would like to wish everybody across the French Republic and the French Union a glorious and humbling day as we honor this sacred ceremony of our triumph over tyranny and Nazism. Let us continue to strive to make France and the world a safer place, that we may avoid the unmitigated horrors of the wars of old.'[/list]

| The news of a successful atomic bomb testing is met with intense national pride by the average Frenchman. Across the Republic, on all continents, thousands partaking in V-E Day celebrations additionally celebrate the testing of the atomic bomb which has now given France a means of atomic deterrence against the Soviet Union and other communist allies which, thanks to French government efforts, has been vilified to be on par with Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers among the French populace. Across the French Union, reactions are more polarized - local leaders in Algeria and Morocco, particularly the desert region where the test had occurred, protest the use of radioactive weaponry in their lands and as far away as Fort Lemy, Tchad, radioactive fallout is reported. Mohammed V, the Sultan of Morocco, decries the testing of the atomic bomb in the Sahara as 'a blemish upon the Maghreb' and 'an affront to the Arab and Berber people which inhabit the land.' |

| In Paris, celebrations are met with some demonstrations and general strikes by socialist elements protesting the French militarization of atomic weaponry. While the previous government of President Edouard Daladier had pursued atomic energy to its fullest extent in the pursuit of civil energy uses, the de Gaulle government's weaponization of the atomic bomb has sent many shockwaves down the anti-nuclear left wing in France. Gendarmerie officers crack down on protestors and demonstrators, allowing the V-E Day celebrations to continue mostly uninterrupted. |

| After making a public appearance in front of the Arc de Triumph and giving a speech commemorating France's victory in the Second World War, de Gaulle returns to the Élysée, where he phones CEA Commissioner Francis Perrin. After congratulating him for the 'outstanding success', he orders that the CEA's weapons branch begin immediate production of seven more Gerboise-series bombs; three more to be tested in Algeria, and four to be put into active service in the Armed Forces. After phoning Perrin, he orders the Chiefs of Staff to begin looking into the creation of a jet bomber-based nuclear force capable of carrying and deploying the Gerboise-series nuclear bomb. The Force de Frappe, France's nuclear deterrent force, must be established 'within the year' to ensure that France 'never again must fear Soviet invasion and total annihilation', de Gaulle states. |

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

The restoration finished

This announcement from the tribune of the People's Palace was important, no doubt. Not every announcement from a "communist puppet" could have appeared on media worldwide the next morning. And, in fact, this sole decision could have changed everything. It all started with Peoples Guards placing a perimeter around the balcony, later that day cameras, a tribune, and many different microphones were placed on that balcony. Finally, on the same evening, Walter appeared there. With his regular harsh voice, he has started the speech. It didn't take him long to get to the point:

"My fellow citizens, when a fascist took power in 1933, it took him and his lapdogs only 12 years to destroy our country. The damage was so severe that we all, as german people, spent the same amount of time to restore our glorious nation. And now I can confidently say that- the hard times are over, the restoration is over. But no, we won't stop on that. We will achieve what we missed in this decade in 9 years or less! Me, Comrade Mao, and Comrade Mikoyan have signed and ratified the treaty of a joint effort in the industrial, agricultural, and computing sectors. The best scientists in our nations will work together for the prosperity of the proletariat all over the world. Comrade Honecker was tasked with overseeing the research groop and fulfil their requests."

The announcement lasted for 30 more minutes until a press conference behind the closed doors in the palace itself.

In the last few years, Honecker proved his devotion to the cause of the party, baldness, and the ability to sway any opponent's opinion. Despite Erich never anything bigger than a youth Olympic games in his life, no one really protested when he asked for the honor to supervise this initiative. But Walter knew that the success or the failure of this program is not that important. This treaty signed right before the elections is a heavy argument to vote for his second term, and this may be just enough to sway the people's opinion and get the majority in parliament. The only thing that stopped him from fulfilling his vision.

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major

[sub]19 September 1948[/sub]

[sup]What is to be done?[/sup]

Will the Social Democrats be able to socialise Sweden?

The general election of 1948 represented a baptism of fire for newly-minted Prime Minister Tage Erlander. Before being elected to the post of party chairman of the Social Democrats and thus the successor to Per Albin Hansson after his unexpected death in government, he had only served as state secretary to the Minister of Social Affairs for a period of six years and as Minister of Education for two. Thus, he was relatively inexperienced and had to lead his party to an election having been Prime Minister for just under two years. The election was a great personal victory and only increased the support he received within the party. In his post-victory speech, he laid out the government's plans for Sweden in accordance with the Social Democrats' "Post-war program of the labour movement", which was also simply referred to as "the 28 points". The program laid out plans for the nationalisation of certain industries of the Swedish economy, a feat that will not be easily achieved. Without a clear majority in parliament, a party-wide reluctance to work with the pro-Soviet Communist Party in parliament, and the generally popular state of labour and industrial relations represented as 'the Swedish model', undertaking such plans for a clear attack on the Swedish bourgeoisie would be met with fierce resistance. On the other hand, the program's plans for continuing the work of past Social Democratic governments' reforms socially are generally popular in the country. The Social Democrats, Communists, as well as the liberal People's Party have all come out in support of further enlarging the nascent Swedish welfare state. The only party to have come out against this is the conservative National Right-wing Organisation. With the steady growth of wealth and economic development in Sweden post-war, nationalisation could soon be forgotten as a priority for both the Social Democrats and its voter base.

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Hindia Timur Raya

[list]JULY 1955

RIYADH, ARABIA — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]وطن - عمل - استقلال

The Homeland - Labour - Independence

THE ARAB POLITICAL AWAKENING - BETWEEN THE DEVIL & THE DEEP BLUE SEA[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]A small clique of princes with varying levels of modernist ideologies had congealed within the upper institutions of the Saudi Kingdom. This was largely the product of an internal power struggle and increasing discontent towards the status-quo. Indeed, despite its oil wealth, the state had a debt of around 200 million USD. This placed an incredible strain on the financial apparatus of the House of Saud and King SaudÂ’s credibility, from within the family itself. Lavish spending on construction efforts such as extensions of the Grand Masjid of Medina, continued nonetheless per the wishes of the King. Members of the royal family would thereby, simultaneously publicly applaud such endeavours yet degrade them as unnecessary prestige projects in private. The internal situation was more volatile due to the exterior Arab political-sphere, illustrated by increasing sympathies for EgyptÂ’s Arabist ethos within parts of the army and middle class. Aware of this, King Saud and his allies grew paranoid of a possible attempt at supplanting their authority, and therefore became increasingly reliant on the paramilitary Mujahideen formations, for their own security and countering threats to the throne. These forces were one of numerous armed groups cultivated by Ibn Saud, which were designed in such a way to prevent the House of Saud from being too reliant on one single armed apparatus. The regular army could never be completely trusted to remain loyal, unlike the Mujahideen, which had been formed out of the remnants of ultra-religious Nejdi clans who assisted in the early conquests of the Saudi Monarchy. This intentional system, which preceded the current King, penetrated deeply into all levels of Saudi security to such an extent, that their existed no singular communication system between the military branches. For example the Mujahideen were deployed around critical infrastructure and centres of power, mostly in the Wahhabist heartland of Nejd. On the other hand, the regular armed forces had been intentionally kept away from such locations, signalling a profound degree of regionalism which had seeped into state security policies. This reality, alongside the uneven distribution of financial resources between the two organizations, created an environment of resentment from within military command. This resentment was not lost on members of the ruling family. For the rebellious princes, support of any armed force was critical towards their eventual success in cementing their own reign. However, similarly with how both Faisal and Talal agreed to collaborate against King Saud out of pragmatic necessity, approaching the regular army was not without its reservations. While Prince Nawwaf had protected the outspoken Talal by commanding the Royal Guard, his forces lacked the required size and heavy weaponry to consolidate long term power. Tribal militias which could have been levied from less politically integrated regions than Nejd, namely Hejaz and Najran, mostly lacked discipline and the organization to achieve notable gains. Furthermore, it was feared that their loyalty to the state would only be secondary to their respective regionalist clan structures. This left the army as the only capable institution willing to go against the ruling establishment. Prince Nawwaf, who was already integrated within military circles, would be the most suited in opening communication within the military. For Nawwaf, younger and less politically invested commanders would be the most ideal partner. Yet, even if these efforts yielded success, there was no telling if the PrinceÂ’s military allies would remain loyal to the cause or be free of foreign influences, a point that would be heavily stressed by Faisal. Nonetheless, on the night of January 3rd, in the remote military garrison of TaÂ’if close to the Yemeni border, Nawwaf travelled to meet with Colonel Kubbah Al-Mashrut LuÂ’ay. Who was responsible to the 16th Light Motorized Infantry Brigade, a formation which was largely responsible for suppressing tribal disturbances in the mountains of Najran and the still porous Yemeni border. The manÂ’s background as being a Hejazi and someone who worked in the KingdomÂ’s most remote regions with the Saudi armed forces, would predisposition him to have less loyalty to the House of Saud than his Nejdi counterparts. Paradoxically, while the royal clique would aim to supplant regional and tribal differences from an ideological standpoint, they would exploit these regional tensions in gaining favour with new allies. [/sub]

[sub]Then it all exploded. Armed men strapped in Bedouin attire, armoured cars and supply trucks roared through the streets of Riyadh, kicking up dust and giving the city's residences an unexpected shock before midday prayers. It would have seemed that all the sands of Arabia had been set ablaze in a frenzy of political upheaval. Soldiers from the 16th Light Motorized Infantry Brigade had mastered an excellent maneuver and captured Riyadh. It would not have been possible without the heavy hand of Nawwaf, who intentionally spread rumours of an uprising amongst local tribes in northern Hejaz and directed Mujahideen formations away from the southwards axis between Riyadh and Ta'if. As a further testament to the well calculated timing of the operation, King Saud and his close associated were outside Nejd and in the King's favourite residence in Jeddah. The princes were also outside Riyadh, in case Lu'ay failed and the plan backfired, and retired to the oasis town of Buraydah, yet remained in communication with the Colonel. The critical road junctions between Riyadh, Hejaz and the Al-Hasa region, would be secured by July 19th, shortly after Riyadh fell and the cities governor, Prince Salman Ibn Saud, placed under house arrest. Control of these junctions would serve as forward positions to observe the moments of any pro-Saud forces tasked with restoring order. It was a race against time, Nawwaf and Lu'ay were especially convinced that Prince Salman had sent word of the events in the capital to Jeddah. Even though he had not. Riyadh's garrison had surrendered without a fight, for that matter, demoralized by rumours of internal political strife and racked with a feeling of indifference towards King Saud. Overall, the current King's unpopularity with the rest of the ruling elite would not inspire much resistance towards the prospect of his own removal by another royal faction. Of course, this operated on the assumption and basis that Lu'ay was still loyal to the House of Saud. The Colonel was deeply allured by the circumstances he had found himself in, for he had gained the trust and assurances of the Princes and had successfully seized the centre of political power in Arabia. Furthermore, the army's main rivals in the form of Saudi Arabia's paramilitary formations, were not especially present nor organized in the current moment to resist his efforts. It would prove a critical turning point in the course of July 19th 1955 and ultimately for the course of Arabia. From his ad-hoc base of operations in the governors office, the Colonel would send out messages, calling for the rallying of the army to follow in his example. Those who answered would have their own motives for making the swift march to support a military occupation in Nejd. From political opportunists, those acting on tribal or regional motives or out of certain political programs, the situation had quickly spiralled beyond the effective control of the dissident princes. By the 21st, King Saud was swift in the process of reorganizing the Mujahideen from Nawwaf's deceptive tactics. Further military reinforcements arrived particularly from Najran and the fledgling Saudi airforce would also accompany these developments. The dream of a reformed Saudi Kingdom was thus, quickly dissipating, as a confrontation seemed imminent. Amongst the Princes, divisions had erupted over these circumstances. Prince Faisal, who had mistrusted involving the army in their plans, felt vindicated. Talal, always the more politically radical and idealistic, continued to back Lu'ay despite his 'off script actions'. Nawwaf, likely feeling an element of responsibility for the loss of control yet unwilling to fully admit such, would slowly become absent from the group. At this point the news of a 'coup' in Riyadh had spread throughout the country. The Shia-minority inhabiting the countries coastline on the Persian Gulf and who had long been declared heretics by the Wahhabist clergy, rose up in riots, began exiling local royal officials, declared themselves a 'Republic' on July 25th 1955 and pledged themselves to the army. Disgusted at the news of this new 'Republic', Prince Faisal would get into increasingly heated arguments with the other Princes. "You have given the palace keys to a swarm of rats!" said the Prince, angrily, as it had become apparently clear to him at this time, that his squabbles with his brother had ultimately broken Ibn Saud's legacy.[/sub]

[sub]As the Prince's alliance began to burst at the seams, the military was quickly consolidating its position in preparation for the confrontation with King Saud's loyalists. They formed a military council, which was in essence a rebranded version of the Saudi high command, including many mid to low-ranking Hejazi and Najrani officers. This council did not even bother to honour Lu'ay's pact with Prince Nawwaf, by openly designating itself the main vehicle of a Republic. The loyalty of the nearest available air formations to the military council would ultimately be the deciding factor in King Saud's failure to retake Riyadh. The King was denied a quick platform to project airpower, while his usurpers would press on from Nejd into Hejaz by exploiting this advantage. By August 3rd, the Kings Mujahideen allies had been pushed away from Riyadh, casualties mounted, as the flat deserts of Nejd panned into the Red Sea mountains and the urban centres such as Yanbu. Besieged, and quickly loosing the capability to fight, King Saud would announce his abrupt yet long-awaited abdication on August 12th. As military forces surrounded his security complex in the city of Jeddah. The abdication was profoundly celebrated by many in the House of Saud as well as in the other Arab Republic's of the time, namely Egypt. Yet its circumstances revolving around the unclear future of the dynasty in the wake of the Republic's establishment, would throw the House of Saud into a state of paralysis. Although many Mujahideen formations continued their struggle, the fight had largely ended in Arabia's major centres of political and economic power. In Riyadh a new horizontal tricolour of red, black and white was raised over government ministries, signalling the end of an era for Arabia. The formal way King Saud had abdicated through an element of dialogue with the military council, meant that the House of Saud was now implicitly recognizing its authority, which added a level of new legitimacy for Arabia's new administrators. The event was celebrated with hastily organized parades and passionate speeches, yet much of this rhetoric would be absorbed prematurely by the masses due to an unfamiliarity with the newly developing political system and its principles. The song, 'By God, the time, 'oh my weapon!' was chosen as Arabia's new anthem through military decree. Such an anthem, originated from the Republican Revolution, when the Egyptian people ended their own Monarchy through demonstration and military cohesion. Speaking of Egypt, President Nasser was quick to send his congratulations to the military council for "liberating the huge masses of the Arab people from tyrannical rule." For Egypt the news of King Saud's abdication and the disintegration of the Royal Family which followed, is excellent news. It means Nasser will likely have a new close ally in the region and that the Muslim Brotherhood, which had remerged with more violent acts had lost their main foreign backer. Furthermore, with the rhetoric of pan-Arab unity closely following the actions of the fledgling Republic, Nasser's own idealogical framework is set to find a new platform of expression so long as the Arabian's can keep their state. With all this comes the end of another Saudi State and another Middle Eastern monarchy. Showing the volatility of Arab politics, especially with the profound influence of Nasser's rhetoric and aesthetic. It threatens the status-quo of the region's political dynamic and likely will open the door for a dramatic permanent reshaping of that dynamic. [/sub][/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Hindia Timur Raya, Gaia Major

[list][list]WAR IN TOGOLAND

February 1957 - Porto-Novo, Kingdom of Dahomey, Federation of West Africa, French Union[/list][/list]

| After discussing the military situation with key colonial leaders in West Africa, President de Gaulle has begun an effort to direct both French and French African troops against the communist Togolese forces which have seized much of southern Togoland, proclaiming an independent communist state. In order to reassert Togoland's position within the French Union, the Federal West African Army and the French Armed Forces proper have begun a joint offensive to capture Lome, the capital of Togoland, and restore the proper authorities to power. Opération Lome is initiated on 27 February 1957, with the full intention to reassert law and order in Togoland. |

| President de Gaulle's calls for a force of 10,000 West African soldiers to be assembled for a push on Lome had been met and, with the support of the French Foreign Legion and the French Navy, the offensive against Lome begins in earnest. Because of the density of Togoland's population along the coast, and the lack of infrastructure north of the immediate coast, the West African Army will follow a straight approach across the Togolese-Dahomey Border directly into Lome. Supporting the West African Army, the French Battleship Jean Bart and cruisers De Grasse and Georges Leygues will provide fire support for the operation from the seas nearby, while also enforcing a strict embargo upon the rebel Togolese government. To ensure food, water, and other humanitarian aid is provided to Togolese civilians, the French Air Force allows air traffic into Togo including commerce items, but denies entry to any planes seeking to enter with arms or ammunition. Planes attempting to enter Togolese airspace are forced to land in nearby Dahomey or French Union-held territory in northern and central Togo, where they are searched thoroughly before being refueled and sent back to their nation of origin or allowed to continue to southern Togo. |

| The assault upon Lome begins with a cross-border raid along the Togolese-Dahomeyan border at Grand Popo. After a general round of shelling from artillery on the ground, a force of 3,000 West African forces cross the border and quickly seize control of nearby Aneho as well as the areas immediately around Lake Togo itself. After capturing the main road from Grand Popo to Lome, the rest of the West African forces enter Togoland, marching north of Lake Togo to form a pincer. The poorly armed and disciplined Togolese communist rebels are decisively beaten back out of the communities north and east of Lome by the French-trained West African Army, allowing the Federal forces to surround Lome within only a week of fighting. Because of the flat terrain of the countryside beyond Lome, the Federal forces are unable to seize a strategic advantage to shell the city from- instead, the French naval assets off the coast are tasked with bombarding center city, the home of the communist government, in conjunction with airstrikes from the French Air Force in Dahomey. |

| As Federal Forces begin to enter the city on the 8th of March, they are met by a stalwart, if undisciplined, defense of the city by the Togolese communists. The urban fighting is brutal, claiming the lives of nearly one hundred federal forces and an estimated 2,000 civilians, but by the end of the fighting, the Togolese rebel government ultimately surrenders to the Federal Army. The Federal Army's entrance into the city is met by jubilation from the war-torn civilians and by French Union commanders. |

| The reoccupation of Togoland by Federal West African forces allows the French Union to begin seriously investigating immediate West African independence. With the insurgency in Algeria continuing to intensify, and the clash between France and the Soviet Union in Europe growing increasingly bitter with each passing month, President de Gaulle secretly orders the Federation of West Africa to be given independence by March 1958 - only a year away. |

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Hindia Timur Raya

February 1957

The Conference of Gao

After nearly 2 long years of tension and bloodshed the leaders of the various groups of Tuareg raiders and rebels met with Modibo Keïta, several local politicians, and town mayors, and French ambassadors to discuss the ongoing conflict in West Africa, and discussing possible solutions to prevent further bloodshed.

Modibo Keïta: “My friends you know that independence is coming for West Africa sooner rather than later, I want a strong federation of United people’s to defend Africa from ever falling into the trap of colonialism again. We cannot survive alone we will splinter and be picked off like buzzards picking meat off a corpse. So I come to my Tuareg friends and offer you this, an autonomous state in the region of French Niger. Run by Tuaregs of course but still apart of our federation. The Tuaregs are an important part of west Africa, they brought Islam and trade to our region we would not be where we are today without them. I know many of you will hate this deal and some of you will flee or take up the fight, let it be known I will exterminate any raiders or rebels I come across. The skies already belong to Mali and you WILL not be able to hide. I hope you all decide to join the Federation and help me build a new state. If not I suggest you go in peace ladies and gentlemen because there will be nothing but the sands to remember you by if you rebel.”

With that Modibo left his speech not providing any happiness to radicals and even scaring some of the more moderates. Many Tuaregs around 50% would depart for Niger where the new Tuareg state was being funded by the west African state many deciding to settle in the Tadres Reserve or Sanctuarie des Addax or in the city of Agadez later becoming one of the largest cities in the entire region. Several more radical groups would continue on raiding but would find increasingly heavy armed defenses and Malian airplanes hunting their caravans, leaving the final option of fleeing many going north to the Sahara or into Nigeria joining rebel groups in the area.

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Hindia Timur Raya

Post self-deleted by Suuvla.

[list][list]21 June 1956 - Québec City, Capitale-Nationale Quebec, United Kingdom

THE QUIET REVOLUTION: PT. IV

𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘍𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘥 𝘘𝘶𝘦𝘣𝘦𝘤[/list][/list]

| As the last ballots are counted throughout the nation, the RPQ's victory in the election becomes all but assured. The Gaullist rally with humble origins in a Montreal City firehouse had slowly grown over the course of the Quiet Revolution - a brief, drastic change in social attitudes towards the United Kingdom among most Quebecois. The Quiet Revolution, in tandem with Montreal's Long, Hot Summer of civil unrest and discontent had thrown the issue of Quebecois self-determination into the forefront of the political debate leading into Quebec's 1956 general elections. For years, the ruling Union Nationale party under Premier Maurice Duplessis had advocated for increased Quebecois autonomy while their main opposition, the Quebecois Liberal Party, continually advocated for moderance towards Quebec's status in the predominantly English-speaking United Kingdom; the rapid rise of the staunchly pro-independence Rally of the Quebecois People had put pressure on both parties to adopt a radical pro-independence line, but neither party succeeded in capturing the fire of the RPQ and their gleefully Francophone rhetoric. |

| The election cycle has been bitter and contested. The escalation of anti-native stances by the federal Royal Government had succeeded in opening most Quebecois' minds to the idea of at least semi-autonomous home rule, with a clear divide presenting itself between Independentists, those in favor of complete independence from the U.K., and the Autonomists, those in favor of limited self-rule distinct from the rest of the United Kingdom. The Independentists, led by the RPQ and their firebrand leader Marcel Chaput, waged a total and radical campaign against Maurice Duplessis and the Autonomists slandering their devotion to Quebec, the Quebecois people, and the idea of the nationhood of Quebec. Through many emotional campaign advertisements on radio and television, the RPQ had captured the emotional investment of most Quebecois citizens affected personally by the chaos in Montreal in 1955 or by the general Anglicization of the province ongoing for generations. At a policy level, too, the RPQ promoted the Big-Tent idealism which Charles de Gaulle's Rally of the French People had become famous for upon the liberation of France from Nazi Occupation, uniting a diverse camp of conservatives, traditionalists, syndicalists, socialists, leftist republicans, and social democrats; this focus on the unity of Quebec as a nation took the party's messages to places where even the extremely popular Union Nationale hadn't reached, with polls indicating the majority of Quebecois in the pre-election period 'favored or h[el]d favorable opinions regarding the Rally of the Quebecois People'. |

| Marcel Chaput and the other 'founding fathers' of the RPQ, having not slept for hours, await eagerly, smoking cigars and drinking champagne around a radio continually listening for updates. The official government, struggling to count the overwhelming amount of votes cast in the contentious election, has still of yet neglected to call the election for either the RPQ, the UN, or the Liberal Party, citing 'close margins in various urban areas'. Still awaiting the official election results, the party leaders make small talk, all desiring sleep. Around ten in the morning, however, all in the room go quiet as the anchorwoman on the radio pronounces an impending special bulletin regarding the election. |

[list]'The Board of Elections of the Province of Quebec has confirmed that the Rally of the Quebecois People has won the election with 52 of the legislature's 93 seats. The Union Nationale has secured 28 seats in the legislature, the Quebecois Liberal Party has secured 12, and the Quebecois Union Party has secured a single seat in the house. As of 10:11 this morning, according to the board of elections, the RPQ has secured control over the national legislature with 59.1% of the popular vote. Marcel Chaput, the head of the Rally of the Quebecois People, has become Premier-Elect of the Province of Quebec, to assume the post on August 30th . . . Incumbent Premier Maurice Duplessis has yet to comment on the loss but is still scheduled to make a speech at 3:00 PM sharp this afternoon from the Parliament Building.'[/list]

| The announcement of their victory is met by jubilation and celebration from the party elders assembled in the office building. Unopened champagne bottles are rocketed open and embraces are shared by all. Marcel Chaput, now Premier-Elect of Quebec, makes a quick, impromptu, somewhat intoxicated speech to the fellows in the room before asking they all go home and rest before a surely interesting evening of speeches and celebrations throughout the city. As they disperse, Chaput catches cold glimpses from Mounted Policemen all the way to his car, the mostly Anglo officers being very aware of Chaput's identity. Dr. Chaput drives to his house on the outskirts of the city and falls asleep. |

| After awaking and returning to the party headquarters, Chaput finds a telegraph sent directly from Paris to the RPQ's headquarters signed from the French Union's foreign affairs office. Congratulating the Party on their victory, the letter wishes Chaput and his team well and proclaims President de Gaulle's excitement at the 'defense of the cultural identity in Quebec'. Emboldened by this message, Chaput folds the letter up and stuffs it in his coat pocket as he and the other gather around the radio once more to listen to Duplessis's speech. In a very sober, polished speech, Duplessis discusses the intense and often extreme rhetoric of the past election cycle and discusses how, despite his own party's loss, his ideals remain strong through the RPQ's victory. Wishing the new government well, Duplessis makes a pledge to continue to rule as a strong leader until the end of his term. |

| As time goes by, party supporters begin to file out onto the streets in Quebec City, as in other cities. Chaput and the other party leaders leave the headquarters to enter the crowd to join in their festivities which includes the singing of patriotic songs, firework displays and large rallies. Shortly before dusk, after some hours of mingling with the people and providing short interviews for journalists among the crowd, Chaput and the other party leaders march to the national parliament building, protected by the police, in order to allow the Premier-Elect to deliver a victory speech. Surrounded by some twenty five thousand people, all fervent supporters of either the RPQ or the Independentists, Chaput stands where Duplessis had stood just hours earlier to orate to the crowd. |

[list]MARCEL CHAPUT, Premier-Elect of Quebec: 'My fellow citizens! Today is a momentous occasion in our national history and a triumphant one as well.

The people have spoken. Through their ballots, their votes, the Quebecois nation has spoken and they have stated, in a clear majority, that the time for change is now.

We have endured hardships, oppression, suppression, discrimination, and all forms of objective abuse from the occupying powers which have held onto Quebec and attempted to smother Laurentie since 1759. For nearly two hundred years we, our fathers, their fathers before them, and their fathers before them and so on have lived within a nation within a state that does not care for her interests and actively has worked against them. We have suffered attempts to strip us of our identity, uproot us from our land, shame us for our traditions, and to do away with us once and for all. We have toiled to strive as a nation while the elites ruling over us have fought a lengthy battle to do away with Quebec and the Quebecois people and turn this beautiful nation into another province within the British nation.

My friends, your votes have been casted and counted. You have spoken, and now the Crown must listen - Quebec is a free nation and shall be so forever!'[/list]

| The crowd lets out a unified cheer. |

[list]MARCEL CHAPUT, Premier-Elect of Quebec: 'Our new era will be one in which we steer our own destiny and seek to govern our nation on our own terms. The multigenerational occupation of Quebec has had lasting effects upon our nation and our national psyche, however now we shall begin to reverse those effects. We will assert not only our autonomy, but our full independence as a nation and a state; we will assert our customs and traditions including our language, our religious beliefs, our culture and all the things which we hold dear; we will cooperate with the other nations of the world on our own terms not as part of the British state but as an independent Quebecois nation. We will craft our own laws, our own state, and reassert the existence of Quebec as a proud people.

The nation of Quebec has great potential but this potential will only be unleashed once we have been unshackled from the bonds of colonialism. Make no mistake, fellow Quebecois, that the situation which we and our ancestors have endured is nothing short of ruthless, unilateral colonialism. The Rally of the Quebecois People will assert our right to manage our economic, industrial, and infrastructural affairs for our own benefit as we move forward and establish a new government. Most importantly, however, we will begin to investigate a peaceful, full transition to independence including an exit from the British state. Our new Quebecois government will act in the interests of the people and the Quebecois nation as opposed to the interest of the British Crown.

As we stand here today before our victory, I would like to thank each and every one of our supporters who has propelled the Rally of the Quebecois People from a small association of likeminded individuals into a fully fledged representational organization which speaks for the Quebecois people, as was our intention when we founded this Rally nearly four years ago. We did expect for our message to resonate amongst our countrymen as much as it has, and we are extraordinarily grateful to you, the citizens of this nation, for believing in our message and trusting in us to represent you and the national interests. As both Chairman of the Party and as Premier-Elect of Quebec, I promise that your voices will no longer go unheard, but instead be listened to and reacted to by your government. We shall do our best to pass legislation and govern this nation as we are told by you, the people, not Her Majesty or any other royal official who delegates orders to us from a language not our own.

My fellow Quebecois, rejoice, for today is our day! A new light shines upon our great nation as we move forward and begin the process of asserting our nationhood. Celebrate, cry out in jubilation! We have achieved victory and our future is now truly ours!'[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Hindia Timur Raya

[list][pre]THE NUSANTARA BROADCAST[/pre][sub]June, 1957[/sub][/list][list][list]

𝙉𝘼𝙑𝘼𝙇 𝙀𝙓𝙋𝘼𝙉𝙎𝙄𝙊𝙉 𝙋𝙍𝙊𝙂𝙍𝘼𝙈

[sub]Program Ekspansi Angkatan Laut[/sub]

[sub]Marine-uitbreidingsprogramma[/sub]

___[/list][/list]

[list][sub]Djakarta – MORNING[/sub]

[sub]| As a follow-up to the Djuanda Declaration, the President of Hindia Timur, Soekarna launched a program of expanding and strengthening the Republic Navy throughout the territory under its sovereignty, especially Papua which is still restless. The Djuanda Declaration itself which was issued on May 13, 1957 by the Prime Minister of Indonesia at the time, Djuanda Kartawidjaja, was a declaration stating to the world that the Hindia Timuran sea is including the surrounding sea, between and within the Indonesian archipelago into a unified territory of the Federal Republic of Hindia Timur.[/sub]

[sub] The naval expanding program included an increase in the number of Whiskey-class submarines from the Soviet Union that had been held from 1952. Not only that, the Navy plans to add additional light cruisers with diverse candidates. Hindia Timur itself prioritize either the Sverdlov-class of the Soviet Navy, or the Brooklyn-class of the USN. An increase in the number of destroyers is also planned, although at this time, the number of naval destroyers is still said to be sufficient.[/sub]

[sub] The incumbent Defense Minister, Ali Sastroamidjojo stated that the Republic Navy experienced a significant increase after independence in 1947. With relations with the West and East well maintained, the likelihood of capital ship purchases increased. There are some pretty crazy plans stating that the Navy needs an aircraft carrier, however, this is constantly being suppressed as the defense budget begins to be cut for the benefit of economic development and welfare.|[/sub][/list]

[list][list]–––[/list][/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]

[sup]JULY, 1957[/sup]

[sup]NOVO PLANO DA MARINHA.[/sup]

-

THE NAVAL PROGRAM OF 1957

[sub]RIO DE JANEIRO, EMPIRE OF BRAZIL — MORNING[/sub]

____

[/list]

| Emperor Alexio I, who at this point was in his mid 70s, made a public appearance to deliver an announcement in Rio De Janeiro concerning a new naval program which aimed to revitalize the Imperial Navy after years of decline following the end of World War 2. The last Naval Program was initiated in 1944 and completed in 1948 and was primarily designed to combat Nazi GermanyÂ’s U-Boats, and project that counter through the entire Atlantic. However, with the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, the programÂ’s design became obsolete, though construction continued. In 1949 there were proposals to begin a new naval program to bring Brazil into the new decade but no deal could be reached in Parliament due to post-war economic struggles. The Imperial Navy slowly fell into decline, with ships being decommissioned on a yearly basis, and no new ships being commissioned. It seemed BrazilÂ’s former glory as an international naval power ended following World War 2. |

| The 1950s saw BrazilÂ’s economy boom and revitalize, fueled by consumerism, farming, raw minerals and the free market policies of Prime Minister Jose Albers and his Social Democrats. The boom in the economy resulted in a boom in tax revenue which in turn led to the opportunity to create a new naval program, and the overseas pressure also in turn would bring the idea into a new light. French influence, seen antithetical to Brazilian ideals, was growing in Africa. Though this influence tended to be isolated in North Africa and West Africa, it was slowly trickling southward, where Brazil was through Angola. Thus, ensuring Brazilian dominance of the Southern Atlantic became highly important, as well as projecting that power into the North if need be. Prime Minister Jose Albers managed to strike a deal to fund a new Naval Program which would be the largest ever since the 1936 Program, which vastly grew the Brazilian navy and allowed it to retain its 5th place position (Behind UK, US, France, and Japan). |

| The Naval Program of 1957 was the first Naval Program to require aircraft carriers. The program opted for one large flagship carrier and 2 smaller carriers. To complement the carriers, 2 battleships were required, of which the Imperial Navy had a long history with, with it going into its doctrine since the 1850s. Beyond these major components, it was required that there was to be 15 destroyers and 35 frigates of various types and responsibilities. The primary problem with the plan was that Brazil had no shipyard capable of building the flagship carrier, thus it was also put into the plan for a new shipyard to be built capable of constructing the carrier. This program would also see the Imperial Navy adopt a new class naming system, for example the Flagship Carrier was to be called Class 01 Type Aircraft Carrier, and so on. Brazil however did not have the ability to design and produce its own naval based fighter/interceptor, thus it contracted Mikoyan to design it a naval based fighter based roughly on the MiG-21. The specifications for the carrier are as follows.|

[list]

[sup]CLASS 01 TYPE AIRCRAFT CARRIER[/sup]

[sup] Displacement: 52,000 tons

Propulsion: 6 steam turbines

Speed: 32 knots

Armament: 12x 80mm guns

Carries: 48 MiG-TBA, 12 TBA helicopters.

Range: 13,000 KM

Complement: 1500

[/sup]

[/list]

| The specifications for the 2 smaller aircraft carriers are as follows. |

[list]

[sup]CLASS 02 TYPE AIRCRAFT CARRIER[/sup]

[sup] Displacement: 32,000 tons

Propulsion: 4 steam turbines

Speed: 34 knots

Armament: 6x 80mm guns

Carries: 18 MiG-TBA, 6 TBA helicopters.

Range: 16,000 KM

Complement: 700

[/sup]

[/list]

| The flagship carrier is expected to be operational by 1964 to 1965 while the smaller carrier could be operational by 1962. Specifications for the other ships are expected to gradually be released but the overall goal is that all ships for the program are to be complete by 1967, by which a new naval program would be released and completed by 1977 provided the economy remains good. |

[list]____

[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, The Republic Of Choline

[list]SEPTEMBER 1955

RIYADH, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC — MIDDLE EAST[/list]

[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة

Strong & Just Nation!

THE ARAB POLITICAL AWAKENING - A UNITED REPUBLIC[/pre][/sub]

[/list][/list]

[list][sub]"Oh you who have fought and divided yourselves for generations. You who had succumbed to tribalism and occupation. You who had been slain and whoÂ’s blood had run over the soil. Stand up and speak the [Arab] language! You are the agents of a great future which we are establishing on this dawn! This blessed day which we shall eternally venerate, for uniting the Arabs of the east [Arabia] with the Arabs of the west [Egypt]. If we take our inspiration from progress, security and the unity of our bodies, the final victory, I once again say, will be ours! Do not for one moment imagine that your enemies can ever succeed in their designs! Do not be overwhelmed by the enormity of the task which befalls your soul and all other souls. For you have been brought up as sons of the desert and the desert has taught you well. Therefore, why should you not succeed like many others, like our forefathers from our extensive history? You are a people who have but a rare moment, to place on the forehead of time a great contribution to humanity. All I require of you now is that everyone of us who this message reaches, must make an oath and prepare that we give all that is necessary, in building our nation into a bulwark of justice. If we are right, we cannot fall. And if we shall live, and not die, do your duty and maintain your faith. Indeed, there is no power on Earth that can undo our unity."[/sub]

[sub]"The Arab people believe in their Arabism and nationalism! And they will continue believing as they have in the years since 1917, nor have not forgotten the betrayal of that year! When our dignity was torn from us and divided amongst the colonizers, when all the blood of the martyrs who had risen up against 500 years of oppression, was spat on! Their plan was to keep us backward, to keep us in our present miserable state so they can exploit us, our wealth, our lands, and our human resources. They want us to remain afflicted and wretched, and our poor to be trapped in their misery. It is a painful misfortune that our people have been conditioned to define themselves by what colonial boundaries have told them. We have become agents of our own demise and the further disintegration of the historic Arab body. On this day, we shall destroy these divisions which inflict the greatest suffering on our people. Indeed, Arabism was like a plant which didn’t have water, and it withered. When the Zionists came and occupied Palestine, it was like they watered that plant. With every inch of occupied land they watered it and nurtured the rage of the masses. Now this plant has made its fruit that is our roaring calls for liberation. We will make sure they will hear it — a cry that shatters the throne of the tyrants!"[/sub]

[sub]"My companions, we will strive for this liberation by establishing a new social contract on which to ensure the full representation of all Arabs everywhere. The Arab nationalist movement will see itself be a movement of fairness, justice and passionate demands for complete human rights and independence. The dignity and sovereignty of our people shall not only be limited to mere words, it shall be woven into the air we breathe, the soil we walk upon and the blood in our veins! We seek nothing less than to wake up and seize this glorious vision, to throw the oppressors out and create a new century based off national energy, national resolve and unbreakable will. The hearts and minds of millions of Arabs everywhere are being echoed through our actions in raising the banner of freedom. Gather around this banner for it has been woven through the tears of your family and victory has been written on it! And hold fast, all of you together, to the line of God, and do not separate (Quran 3:103)! We bind ourselves eternally to this message and establish the United Arab Republic!"[/sub]

- JAMAL ABDEL NASSER[/list]

[/list]

[list][list][sub]When Jamal Abdel Nasser made his speech to the Palestinian National Council in March 1954, he spoke of the impossibility of separating numerous major Arab cultural and urban centres on the basis of a collective and encompassing nationalist emotion. He would speak as if he was the executor of a longstanding historical destiny, as opposed to someone who was the very shaper of said destiny. It was indeed a romantic feeling of a nation, long estranged by colonial borders and divides, rediscovering itself in the context of reunification. Very few could deny the so-called legitimacy of Nasser's rhetoric due to its evident potency. The Egyptian public had voted for it, the rebellious Princes had seen in it some validation of their own message and a fledgling Republic in Arabia had been violently established on Nasser's principles. The latter was especially relevant and unexpected for the Egyptian President. While many of the local authoritarian governments of the Arab-cultural sphere had rejected Egypt's radical calls for Arab unity, seeing it as a threat to the post-Colonial status quo of the Middle East. The Military Council which had replaced the autocratic Saudi monarchy, a longstanding political rival to Egypt, was now actively seeking to take Nasser's theories of Arab unity and put them into practice. Although Arabia's calls for unification were masked by an adherence to Arabist principles, they included numerous more calculated and pragmatic reasons. Principle among these was rooted in the security of the Republican regime in Riyadh, which found its administration limited to major urban centres and the Shia-majority east. The Mujahideen formations, which had previously served the last Saudi Monarch, had refused to lay down their efforts in fighting the secular-leaning military. The nucleus of the Wahhabist clergy in Mecca and Medina had followed suit, condemning the Republic and fleeing to join the loyalist insurgency. Furthermore, the sudden collapse of state authority that succeeded the coup had left many tribes in northern and southwestern Arabia in a state of total autonomy. There was a real fear from within the Riyadh government that the state was at a risk of disintegration due to the combined pressures presented by all these factors. The leadership would thus find a solution to these pressures in the same way that they overthrew the House of Saud, they looked to Egypt. [/sub]

[sub]It was in this context that the Riyadh government sent dignitaries to the city of Port Sa'id to propose a merger with Egypt. Port Sa'id is a historically significant location, as it was the site of the negotiations that led to the end of the occupation of the Suez Canal and the reunification of Egypt with Sudan. And although such an event occurred during the non-Arabist administration of Rashid Qaddab, it's historical connotations still became naturally aligned with the current attitudes of Arab unity. As expected, Nasser was ecstatic to lead these talks with the Arabians. He would be expected to approach these meetings with a detailed plan of Egyptian-Arabian unity, inclusive of its government structure and even its national symbolism. This plan would then be subject to review by the Arabian delegation. Yet, Nasser would end up needing to compromise on many of his most fundamental and significant points of this union. For example, the Egyptian leader had pushed for a unitary political system which ensured the utmost centralized control over the union. The Arabians, knowing that such a system would diminish their own political power, insisted on a 'federation of equal components' which operated on the principles of consultative leadership. Arabia and Egypt would thereby maintain distinct legislative bodies yet remain under a common system of leadership composed of representatives from both nation's, presided over by a popularly elected President. Understanding that the Arabians would not agree to an alternative system, yet hooked on the idea of possibly leading a pan-Arab state, Nasser was surprisingly willing to accept the proposal. On the understanding that setting up the political institutions in Arabia would fall into the responsibility of Egypt's civil service. This was largely due to the lack of political experience and civic traditions amongst the ruling military and remaining political class in Arabia, in contrast to the extensive political know-how amongst many Egyptian administrators. The prospect of unification is the site where many political interests converge. Not including the evident security interests of the Arabians in the face of an insurrection, unity would be Nasser's most successful political achievement of his career. For the Egyptian military establishment, a unified Arab state could serve in the interests and as a vehicle for enhancing Egyptian security. Evidently, many interest groups would come to support the program of applying pan-Arabism, not the basis of only ideology but also more longstanding pragmatic agendas.[/sub]

[sub]On September 22nd, President Nasser landed on the dusty runway of Riyadh's airport terminal. The building itself was draped in banners boasting the Arab tricolour of the Arabian Republic, which was itself inspired from the flag of Egypt's Republican Revolution. Riyadh had certainty become a child of its Revolution, with speeches calling for Arab unity being made from Masjid minarets. The euphoria would produce a mass crowd that would welcome Nasser, whose charisma and vigour long preceded him, to the city. The news of unification had been published on the 21st through fantastic rhetoric both in decree from the military council and verbal form. Before an audience with the military council, President Nasser would speak to the entire Arab nation, declaring that now both Egypt and Arabia were recognizing themselves as a 'United Arab Republic'. Flanked by Colonel Kubbah Al-Mashrut LuÂ’ay, Nasser would then proceed into the constitutional signing for the world's newest country. After placing his signature on the document, which is essentially a copy of the Egyptian constitution with the added amendments what was decided in Port Sa'id, Nasser would declare: "We have done it, we have done it, we have our Arab country!" Although Lu'ay had been the preeminent figure in leading the Arabian army against the House of Saud, he had never declared himself as a President or Head of State. That decision would be decided by an election in both Egypt and Arabia which will determine the new leader of the UAR and whether the program of unity it has democratic legitimacy. It is expected that both votes will further solidify the agreement between the Egyptian and Arabian governments and place Nasser as the new collective President. Therefore, these events will be observed as more of a formality of governance rather than an issue of political contention. A new series of national symbols are also set to be introduced. Including a new flag, based off the Arab tricolour and hosting two green stars, representing both Republics. The national anthem shall be 'By God, the time, 'oh my weapon!' , which was adopted by Arabia in the previous months. The Egyptian and Arabian UN delegations have thus, in light of the recent changes, requested that foreign embassies be relocated to the UAR's capital and that diplomatic infrastructure elsewhere be converted into consulates. [/sub]

[sub]A new state stands at the end of all this, with Nasser as its adored leader and Arab nationalism being the beat at which its society pulses. Hence, the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East has undergone another swift transformation and evolution, as old regimes fall and new governments are brought up to fill the post-Colonial vacuum. Through all the uncertainty, Nasser has yet again shaken the Middle East irreversibly.[/sub][/list]

[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Zanbala Prz, Hindia Timur Raya

[list][list]FRANCE RECOGNIZES NEW UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC

23 September 1955 - French Embassy in Cairo, Egypt, United Arab Republic[/list][/list]

| Egypt, one of France's strongest global trading and geopolitical partners, had announced yesterday that it had signed and ratified agreements with the new republican military government in Riyadh creating a united state between the two nations, the United Arab Republic. With haste, France recognizes the new Republic, congratulating President Nasser on the establishment. |

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

July 15, 1957, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. First up, Peruvian Aerocruises, a new company was founded. This new company will provide air-based cruises throughout Peru in the interest of Tourism and luxury. This company will not be for standard travel nor will it be used for standard transportation services. The Company is currently in the design stage of its first planned fleet. The date when the first cruises will occur is currently unknown, but many people have been investing into this new company. The company has stated that it hopes to expand these services internationally if the cruises prove profitable. In other news, architects have proposed building medium and high-rise buildings out of wood in order to provide housing for the poor, but there are many logistical and cost-based issues being raised about the plans. In order to promote businesses, the Peruvian government has stated that it will provide up to 100 million Sol to persons who open up new businesses within the next year. The funds are limited and will be given on a first-come first-serve basis. The government has also announced that about 35 mining companies and 53 industrial businesses have opened up since the start of the year. In other news, the Peruvian government has announced that it has contracted out several companies in order to upgrade power, water, and sewage infrastructure to meet new standards. No cost estimates have been submitted to the public for these projects, but some have suspected that the government may have to take out a loan to cover the costs. In other news, the Peruvian government has asked to meet with other western nations in order to arrange a student exchange program such that the participating nations may benefit from educational and information exchange. In other news, the Peruvian real estate market is booming in the major cities. Economists have attributed this to the improvements being made in those cities by the companies that have taken residence in them. Lima itself has seen a two hundred percent increase in land prices of the inner city. The government is silent as to the change in land value in the ghettos, though the prices most likely have decreased. In other news, the Peruvian government has instituted a small toll on non-commercial vehicles travelling on the highways between cities in order to generate more revenue. Some experts stated that they suspect that the new 'tax' is being used to pay off a loan that the government have have taken out.....That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][sup]JULY 5th 1955[/sup]

THE FIRST 'DESYATILETYE' PLAN.[/list]

___

[sup]USSR, RSFSR, MOSCOW[/sup]

___

| Deep in the Soviet Union, in the capital of Moscow a new economic plan was being developed, instead of a five year plan, it would be a Decade Plan, for it would take much time to accomplish what the government wanted. Which would be several key things. Firstly the industrialization of all of Siberia and Central Asia. Next on the agenda would be the development of factories, roads, dams, oil refineries and other forms of heavy industry across the entirety of the Union beyond the Urals and Central Asia and finally heavy rail and manufacturing industry in central Asia especially would be built in the 10 year period. What was also planned was an upgrade and expansion to the Soviet Railways, increasing their capacity and the areas of the country they're connected to, many additions will be made in Central Asia. the cheap fuel of Central Asia and Siberia would be used to fuel the effort. In the Soviet Union's early history General Secretary Stalin had industrialized the country at a breakneck pace, and brought the country from an agrarian based economy to a leading industrial one. The first five year plan had succeeded and heavy industry had fulfilled the plan by 108%. During the period between October 1, 1928 and January 1, 1933, the production fixed assets of heavy industry increased by 2.7 times. Following the first plan the second followed shortly which placed a lower emphasis on industrialization, and then came the third plan which was cut short by the outbreak of the Second World War. The Results of the First five year plans was the development of heavy industry, thanks to which the increase in gross domestic product during 1928 - 1940 was about 4.6% per year. In short the Soviet Union managed to reshape its backwards economy in just 13 years. |

| Such a feat would need to be repeated if the Soviet Union is to ever be a real contender with the west. Factories would be built and expanded upon in great complexes, new roads would be built across the union, especially in central asia, massive oil fields would be constructed to best utilize the extensive oil reserves in central asia and siberia, Hydroelectric Power Stations would be built in new areas across the nation, and a new high speed railway system would be created to connect newly built up areas of the nation. By far the most ambitious thing to achieve was an increase in the population of both Siberia and Central Asia. New cities and towns would be built and connected with the new roads and railways. These towns would be populated at first by workers by using the government policy of Propiska. Propiska was both a residency permit and a migration-recording tool used by the Soviet union in the 1930s during the first Industrialization, and would be used again. The name translates to "inscription", alluding to the inscription in a state internal passport permitting a person to reside in a given area. For a state-owned or other-party owned property, having a Inscription meant the inclusion of a person in the rental contract associated with a dwelling, in this case residences in the new cities, and jobs within the new factories would be guaranteed, for all men are guaranteed jobs in the Union. A propiska was documented in local police registers and certified with a stamp in internal passports. Residing anywhere for longer than a few weeks without a permit was prohibited in the past, but this time it wouldn't be. For the plan was to artificially increase the population of the East, and it wouldn't be beneficial if it was simply temporary. the Propiska wouldn't discriminate based on gender, however non Russian peoples would be targeted for Propiskas more often than Russians, but Russians wouldn't be excluded, and it wouldn't be public knowledge that was official policy. The reasoning behind this was a growing belief among non Russian Soviets, that Russians are incapable to give up their nationalism, and would simply transform the USSR into a "Greater Russia" if allowed control of the nation. The Propiska system was quite similar to company transfers in capitalist countries, jobs would be given to graduates through a Propiska and the government would send them where openings are, like a medical graduate at Leningrad gets given a job at a hospital in Irkutsk.|

___

| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

___

Arcanda, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Anglo Channel, Teymour

Current Sovereign

Edward VIII

Current Prime Minister

Lord Prescott Rothschild

Setting that record before I begin!

Teujira, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Teymour

[list]Heiwa 5

9 January 1957

[sub]あの街は瓦礫の中に横たわっていた...[/sub]

That Street Used to Lay in Rubble...[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

[list][sup]| EISAKU SATO : |[/sup] "So Prime Minister Hatoyama is on his way out?"[/list]

| Eisaku Sato's calm eyes perked up. He laid down the cutlery and listened to his brother intently. |

[list][sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "His health is deteriorating, and with the Soviet détente, he has found it appropriate to submit his resignation. I have already consulted with the main faction heads of the party, and the nomination will be mine."[/list]

| Kishi brought a glass of wine to his lips, and produced a faint smile. |

[list][sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "It's a good thing he didn't leave the Russians to me, right, Sato-kun?"[/list]

[list][sup]| EISAKU SATO : |[/sup] "Correct. But you already know it : Don't hinge your Premiership on the return of the Northern Territories. The Kurile Islands may remain Soviet in the foreseeable future. This affair is not even popular with the public, dear brother."[/list]

[list][sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "Still...Leaves a sour taste in the mouth, their stubborn refusal."

[sup]| EISAKU SATO : |[/sup] "If you are to become Premier, let's toast. To your success, dear brother."

[sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "To ours, Sato-kun, to ours."[/list]

| The two men clinked their glasses. The expensive Western-style restaurant had accomodated them with a remote yet lavish table. Men in suits stood around the room and began following the pair as soon as they left. The air outside was cold and grey. Patrons came in and out, their carefree laughs warming up the brisk atmosphere. |

[list][sup]| EISAKU SATO : |[/sup] "That street used to lay in rubble, after the war. I remember it that way as late as the day you were freed from Sugamo Prison, when I drove you around town, unable to find a place to properly celebrate."[/list]

| Sato pointed to a street that was now brightly lit with high neon signs and brimming with life. Men in expensive suits and women in fur hats and leopard-skin coats streamed up and down that part of town, now back to its former glory as a late-night entertainement district. In its image, so had Japan's wartime personnel been rehabilitated. They now adorned the clothes of anti-communism and had formed the motley Shiroyama Association to advance their goals. Kishi, as party-secretary of the Constitutional-Democratic Party, had long pulled the financial strings of the current party President and Prime Minister, the tame Ichiro Hatoyama, who was called in five years ago as a skilled bureaucrat to ease Japan's transition from a young democracy to a semi-authoritarian one, where political opponents were under strict surveillance and a perpetual martial law in place to keep communists under control. |

[list][sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "The street has been rebuilt, Sato-kun... Not the same can be said of our fellow Japanese. Look at them, they indulge recklessly. Radios, televisions, leisure. They have lost their fighting spirit. Japan has not yet been rebuilt."[/list]

| Kishi had a faint smile as he lighted a cigarette. Always a politician, he was far from the austere, esoteric radical officers of the pre-war era that he once had to work with. As the infamous governor of Manchuria in the years preceding the war, Kishi had spent his time living like a local despot. All that he wanted was his - The women, the liquor, the drugs. Sato, his close brother, was well aware of the irony. |

| The pair reached a large avenue. The yakuza bodyguards keeping watch over them opened their automobile's door and bowed. The two men sat on the leather back seats, as a ballet of neon signs and car lights illuminated the glowing artery of the metropolis. Lacking an intelligence agency strong in numbers, Hatoyama's government had made use of its ties to nationalist mob bosses to procure its bodyguards, strike-breakers, and anti-leftist enforcers, reserving the still-underarmed Japanese Defense Forces for the protection of more important locations. For many Japanese, the sight of JDF soldiers in full US Army equipment had become common around the National Diet and a few other sensitive locations. Despite strains of marxist-leninist thought and pacifisim running very deep among the population after the war, a majority of the citizens had now accomodated itself with the new regime, which still so desperately needed public approval to struggle against what is being perceived as a cardinal threat to the existence of the Japanese state. |

[list][sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "Let's head home, Sato-kun. Important work awaits us."[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]DE GAULLE ESTABLISHES GERMAN WORK PROGRAM IN FRANCE

14 August 1957 - Cologne, Rhineland Mutual Cooperation Zone, Federal Republic of Germany[/list][/list]

| Since the end of the Second World War, the French Republic has pursued a policy of economic integration with the Federal Republic of Germany in order to increase European codependence and cooperation, in the hopes of depriving any causes for future European wars. While certainly on uneven terms politically and economically, France has taken the role not of an abusive tyrant in West Germany, but of a guiding hand as the Federal Republic continues to build up its republic, hand-in-hand with the equally young French Republic. Despite resistance from nationalist parties within West Germany and the outburst of nationalist sentiments in 1953, by-and-large French and German economic cooperation in the Rhineland and on a transnational level has strengthened working ties between the two nations, mostly due to economic cointegration. |

| In order to further integrate Germany and France, and help strengthen France's growing service-based industry, the French National Assembly has passed an Act providing 150,000 work visas to German citizens between the ages of 18 and 27 interested in traveling to the French Republic to pursue employment and training in the service industry. President de Gaulle today approved the act, signing it into law and authorizing the selection of 150,000 qualified applicants to travel to France, including areas as far away from Germany as French North Africa. |

| The slow transition of France from an industrial to a post-industrial state has become a key concern for major policy leaders and economists in France since the end of the War, especially as industry in France is outsourced to the Saarland and the Rhineland Mutual Cooperation Zone, where industrial companies have found a much less regulated and resource-rich business environment backed by a steadily booming population of a post-War generation of Germans eager for employment. In order to ensure that France's developing service economy is competitive and interlocked with the rest of Western Europe, the de Gaulle administration has sought to include Germany's vast labor pool in the growing number of French citizens working in places of employment such as restaurants, banks, technology and telecommunications, and the fastest growing industry, retail. These young, eager workers shall be provided residence with host families for their three-year stay in the French Republic and shall be provided, alongside work experience, access to French healthcare services and other government aid programs. |

[list][list]"France and Germany, through our mutual struggles, have become closer than ever before. We must ensure that we are ready to meet the future head-on, especially with the Red Menace so close to our borders."

[list]- President Charles de Gaulle, 1957[/list][/list][/list]

| An estimated 100,000 Germans already reside throughout the French Republic on work visas, primarily in the western areas bordering France and Germany. The new expansion of 150,000 work visas to be provided within the next year will increase the total number of Germans in France on work visas to 250,000 and see these workers dispersed across la Métropole. The de Gaulle administration, which has taken a significantly unifying stance towards West Germany, has witnessed a significant rise in living standards in France and Germany since taking office in 1952, with the average Frenchman or German now living better than the average Briton. This is largely in part due to the Rhineland Mutual Cooperation Zone's deregulated industrialism, dubbed the Miracle on the Rhine(Wirtschaftswunder/Miracle Économique), which has provided German laborers with a vast field of employment opportunities and French businesses with a vast field of laborers. |

Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list]Heiwa 5

31 January 1957

[sub]明るい日本[/sub]

Radiant Japan[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

[sub]National Diet, Nagatachō District[/sub]

| Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi, wearing the customary tailcoat reserved to Prime Ministers, walked stiffly to the central stage that was flanked by two sun-disc flags. He was set to address both the Lower House of the Diet and Japan. On their television sets, Japanese households would see the grainy footage of the Premier preceded by the national anthem, a practice that had been brought back in order to foster a new patriotic spirit in the scarred hearts of many Japanese citizens, who had grown disenchanted with any form of nationalism after the disasters of the preceding decades. Kishi arrived to the stage and bowed to the assembly; then read assiduously from a sheet of paper, with an unassuming tone. |

[list][sup]| Prime Minister NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "Dear citizens of Japan and esteemed representatives of the people: I am honored today to ascend to the office of Prime Minister, following the vote of the present assembly and the appointment of His Majesty. First, I must convey to my predecessor - The honorable Ichiro Hatoyama - my warmest feelings of respect and appreciation for the work he has conducted in those five years since his own election. I am humbled by the immense work he has achieved to redress our country from the ruins of conflict and safeguard it from the perils of foreign involvement. I owe him a debt of gratitude for his personal integrity and stewardship of the country, and from here onward, I wish him the best, and will attempt to prove myself a worthy successor."[/list]

| Ichiro Hatoyama - A septuagenarian man. The portable Shinto shrine to whom everyone bows but cannot move on its own. Nobusuke Kishi - Fifteen years younger, the "Monster of Manchuria", the architect of Japan's current political order and Hatoyama's guardian. The one man who, until now, moved the "Hatoyama shrine" around the country. In 1952, following Prime Minister Yoshida's assassination, Hatoyama ascends to the Premiership and solidifies a stable conservative majority in the Diet, earning himself new powers to exert authority and declare a de facto martial law to stamp down on communist agitation, a state of emergency that remains into effect as of today. For a few months, Japan is on the verge of civil war, and protests are repressed. In 1955, at Kishi's initiative, Japan's two major conservative-liberal parties assemble to form the new Constitutional-Democratic Party (CDP). A catch-all party relying on conservative rural voters, pork-barrel initiatives, and gerrymandering to obtain a record number of seats in the Diet by that same year. But Japan's cities, factories and universities remain very much a hotbed for leftists of all stripes - Communists, pacifists, syndicalists, socialists, and neutralists. Still in 1955, the Japan Socialist Party is created, while the Japanese Communist Party remains de-fanged, with its chairman Sanzo Nosaka living exiled in Red China. Thus, the "1955 System" was born. |

[list][sup]| Prime Minister NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "... I will humbly continue Hatoyama-san's work, at the service of the state and of the Japanese people. Our reconstruction has been achieved during his term, and my responsibility is to ensure its lasting effects. The hard-working people of Japan and their tremendous efforts have given us the current economic boom, unheard of since times immemorial. They have enabled the Akarui [Radiant] growth of our country. I will ensure that the five-year plan enacted in 1955 is seen through completion to 1960, in three years. By that time, my cabinet will develop a new plan for the coming decade, which will be crucial in expanding and consolidating our industrial production, our exports, and revenues..."[/list]

| 1952/1955: The years during which Japan completed its full reconstruction from the devastation suffered at the end of its Fifteen-Year War against China and the United States. In 1945, 40% of the nation's industrial plants and infrastructure were destroyed, and production reverted to levels seen about fifteen years earlier. In 1955, the situation had been wholly reversed. Millions of well-disciplined soldiers had returned from the front to participate in the rebuilding efforts. American-led reforms broke up old zaibatsu monopolies and an array of progressive laws were voted that established womens' and unions' rights. Japan's school system, emphasizing rote memorization and discipline, played the first key role in molding the high-skill workforce that would carry the economic resurgence of the current decade. Science, engineering, and a high literacy rate were the major fields to be mastered. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), the Development Bank of Japan and the Central Bank were the second pillar of the resurgence. To palliate the lack of financial resources in the aftermath of defeat, the Central Bank lent enormous sums to private city banks, which could then supply the new keiretsu firms with fresh capital. This allowed the Central Bank to progressively control the city banks and therefore assume control of the financial streams that led to the post-war growth. Parallel to that scheme, the government made sure to maintain strong relations with the keiretsu conglomerates, so that their investments would match the government's priorities and national interest: Electric power, coal, steel, and chemicals. In this fashion, Japanese capitalism came to tolerate years and years of low returns in order to consolidate a solid industrial base and long-term investments; it mirrored the paradox of the post-war workforce, which was both highly-skilled in comparison to its European counterparts, and content with modest wages. Over the 1950 - 1959 period, 20% of the GNP on average will have been dedicated to capital equipment investment. In the early years of the decade, the demand provoked by the Korean War, as well as American technology transfers, preferential treatment, and defense, were by far the main drivers of growth. This would come to change after 1955, as Japan took it upon itself to assure its own defense, and foreign aid gradually stopped. In establishing a solid manufacturing and industrial core, the Japanese authorities decided to virtually ban the entry of major foreign groups on the Japanese market. The Central Bank, the Japan Developement Bank, the all-powerful MITI, as well as the coincidental developement of horizontal and vertical integration in the large keiretsu conglomerates, meant that foreign competition was all but locked out of the domestic market by a combination of institutional and economic hurdles. Today, investment is still, naturally, directed at the vital domestic industries. In the early part of this decade, the "Inclined Production Mode" strategy has been used: It refers to a production mode that primarily focuses on the production of raw material such as steel, coal and cotton. Since 1956, 80% of the Japan Development Bank's investments have focused on the following strategic industries: Shipbuilding, electric power, coal and steel production. The current mixed economic model has done wonders for the country, so much that a leisure-oriented consumer society is now rising, with vast expenses from middle-class Japanese households now being directed at such luxurious goods as refrigerators, automobiles, televisions and radio sets. The current period, the years 1956 - 57, has also been marked by an unprecedented "Jimmu boom" with record private investment. With a strong industrial foundation now assured by the reforms conducted over the first part of the decade and the post-war era, the Hatoyama cabinet's 1955 Five-Year Plan has called for an emphasis on the national auto manufacturing industry, through a MITI plan called the "Initiative on the National Passenger Car", procuring loans and investment in high-tech equipment to the main national car manufacturers: Toyota, Nissan and Isuzu. The Five-Year Plan also calls for strengthened national economic independence, in order to reduce the dependence on US aid and war-related procurements. Such economic developements are not conceived as an offensive move against America; for Japanese planners, it is more of an issue of transforming the Japanese economy into a fully mature and independent one. Furthermore, this should also reassure the United States of Japan's own capacities to conduct an "autonomous" economic growth. The second main objective of the plan calls for the accomodation of the excess labor force supply, which is growing at a faster pace than expected due to the post-war baby boom. Overall, thanks to the successful reforms, Japan has today achieved a positive import-export balance and a thorough reduction of domestic prices along with rapidly rising quality of life; however, the dangers of an overheating economy are now lurking in the shadows. Inflation for the year 1957 threatens to set a record-high precedent, and the government has decided to slow down economic activity to avoid it. But the Kishi cabinet also knows that much is yet to be done: Agriculture still employs 30% to 40% of the workforce, but despite advances in cultivation methods and fertilizers, the arable land surface of Japan is still physically too small to accomodate the needs of 91 million people, meaning that these forces would be better employed elsewhere; likewise, some labor-intensive industries such as textile, which still makes the bulk of Japan's exports, are set to be phased out in favor of more technical ones such as auto-manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, and shipbuilding. |

[list][sup]| Prime Minister NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "... However, Japan must not forget that the world we live in is an increasingly perilous one. The Red Menace is alive and present throughout the Asian Continent; together with Japan, only one other nation remains free of its influence, the Republic of Korea. We must heed the warnings of our times, and wake up from our slumber. My cabinet's first priority will be to devote 2.5% of Japan's gross national product to its defense sector, in order to procure more advanced equipment for the Japanese Defense Forces. As a comparison, before 1955, we have only directed 1% or less of our gross national product to defense efforts. In comparison to Japan, most European and American democracies spend between 4% and 5% or well above. Such expenses, now made possible by the rapid advances in our national wealth, are necessary to the defense of the state and of the people of Japan. We cannot sit idle any longer, and must provide a reasonable counter to the Armies of the East. Japan is alone in Asia, and it must resist the inevitable aggression of Communism. In this spirit, my cabinet will also seek the revision of Article 9 of the 1949 Constitution, which bars our country from possessing armed forces. Japan must become a normal country, and fully integrate the community of democratic states as well as participate to the affairs of the world. Moreover, with the resumption of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union this year, and Japan's entry in the United Nations, I will ensure that we do not shy away from the duty we owe to the world as a country: The defense of democratic and just values. Along those lines, we will work toward an ever-better relation with the United States, upon which Japan is dependent to protect its territory and waters. The US-Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security, whose first version was ratified seven years ago, will be revised to accomodate changing world events by the end of our present decade...Finally, in the spirit of recovering political normalcy, I will conduct a week-long visit to several European and Middle-Eastern states by the end of this year... But let it be known Japan will combat the spread of communism and instability within its borders too. The Events of 1952 have shown that too many foreign elements still attempt to destroy our hard-earned peace and our prosperity. The internal affairs of Japan are the sole concern of the Japanese people, and international marxism will have no say in it under my leadership."[/list]

| The 1949 Constitution, followed by the end of the Occupation period in 1950 and the signature of a defense treaty with Japan, have both defined the entirety of Japan's conduct on the world stage since then. An inward-focused, autistic approach was kept. In the opening years of the decade, under the pacifist Yoshida rule, strong US-Japan ties were privileged, so much that no other country received even half the attention that was devoted to Washington. Within the halls of power Nagatachō District, there were different strands of conservatism; while others within the Liberal Party were seen as pro-China or pro-Soviet, without relinquishing their moderate liberal principles. Ichiro Hatoyama, Japan's retiring elder Prime Minister, was himself pro-Russian, and is the sole force behind Japan's only other important diplomatic foray in the last ten years: The signature of an accord with the Soviet Union in 1956, allowing for the end of a virtual state of war in effect since 1945, and the resumption of diplomacy. It was not, however, a peace treaty. Much to the disappointment of the nationalist fringes of the ruling CDP, the Kurile Islands dispute was not resolved. However, and despite an outcry from former pro-American Yoshida loyalists, it finally normalized ties with the USSR, with a mutual granting of "most favored nation" and the USSR-backed entrance of Japan in the United Nations. In all other areas, Japan had depended on America for diplomacy and defense. The Fall of Formosa, in 1949, had however changed much of the situation. The United States came to hope for a renewal of Japanese militarism, only this time directed against the Red East and not the Capitalist West. The Korean War over the next three years only sped up this demand, but Yoshida, a lifelong pacifist, demurred. In 1952, the CIA and the MI5 backed a nationalist organization, the Shiroyama Association, in a coup d'état, leading to a month of unrest in urban areas. |

| Between 1952 and today, a resolutely anti-communist approach was taken, including a refusal of dialogue with Red China, and Japan's only recognition of the Bangkok-based Nationalist government as a result. In 1954, the National Safety Force, Japan's fledgling land army, was reformed into the Japan Defense Forces (JDF), which now include the Japan Ground Defense Force (JGDF), plus Maritime (JMDF) and Air (JADF) components. However, all but the JGDF remain severely under-equipped; the Air Force only possesses 100 trainer aircraft and the Maritime forces are only fit for cost-guard duty. The JGDF's forces were augmented from 110,000 to 210,000 and then in 1955 to 260,000 men, with American-procured weapons, uniforms, and using the M4 Sherman as its main battle tank. Attempts to further enlarge the defense forces have always run aground due to the strong parliamentary opposition of the Japan Socialist Party since 1955, blocking any attempts at a revision of Article 9 so far. However, Hatoyama's cabinet made significant inroads concerning the State Security Agency, Japan's national intelligence service, created in 1953 and vastly expanded thanks to training and cooperation with the American CIA, as well as the use of veteran intelligence officers and former yakuza with ties in Japan and abroad. Over the years, the SSA has grown into a potent surveillance arm, and has extended its duties to the protection of Japanese coasts from Chinese smugglers, to the surveillance of JCP officials and Zainichi Koreans living in Japan, suspected of having ties to the North Korean state. The SSA's foreign branch, the Foreign Defense Office (FDO), created in 1955, has been manned and developed by the elite retired IJA colonel Masanobu Tsuji along with input from active-duty officer Iwaichi Fujiwara, director of the F-Kikan military intelligence group in Southeast Asia during WWII. |

[list]• • •[/list]

| Nobusuke Kishi's speech to the Diet had concluded. Leaving the building by car for the Kantei located nearby, he ponders his new duties while looking at the pristine blue sky. On arrival to his gated residence, he exits the car. On the gravel parking space located just before the pre-war Art Deco residence's main door, an old, bald man in suit and glasses patiently awaits. |

[list][sup]| MASANOBU TSUJI : |[/sup] "Kishi-kun. Pardon the interruption, but I have a few rather interesting fellows here... Those you wanted to meet. I figure they'd be a rather interesting addition to our circle. And... There's something else."

[sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "Of course, Tsuji-san. Morita-san and Ibuka-san, yes? With all the other keiretsu businesspeople?"

[sup]| MASANOBU TSUJI : |[/sup] "Exactly. It would be a shame if they were not inducted to our group, given their prowesses. Their transistor radios are flooding America's gates. But then, I have a few suggestions regarding what we could make of the current Chinese problem... Of course, I ran them by the rest of the group. We are in unison that we should no longer stand idle regarding this issue."[/list]

| Tsuji's weasely eyes had a devious spark, which Kishi did not know what to make of. He was aware of this man's scheming, which often only advanced his own interests. The Shiroyama Association, beyond its appearances, was always heavily divided; not one man commanded it, and important decisions were all taken in a collegial manner. This one, therefore, was probably of uttermost importance... |

| The pair entered the Kantei. Inside, in the middle of a mostly classic interior, stood up a fivesome of businessmen in suits who slightly bowed as the men entered. Among them were Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka, whose company, known to the world as Sony, is a rapidly-expanding electronics export firm. With them were a couple of other big players, older men, who would be inducted into the Shiroyama Association, either as full members or as underlings. For the loose association, keeping a wide array of contacts in the rapidly-evolving world of business was essential in order to keep the successful nationalist-militarist-yakuza-business-politician circle alive and efficient. After a tea ceremony presided over by Prime Minister Kishi and a short interview, the businessmen left. |

[list][sup]| AKIO MORITA, Sony Co-Founder : |[/sup] "Thank you, Mr. Prime Minister. We are impressed and honored to have been considered as potential members. Best tidings to you, I hope we can keep in touch."[/list]

| The group left, leaving Kishi and Tsuji, who retreated to the former's office. The room would soon be filled with dense cigarette smoke. Kishi's eyes were glowing with interest as he listened intently to Tsuji's proposals. The little old man spoke quickly, sparing no dramatic effect to pounce on Kishi's enthusiasm. When the show was over, Kishi pondered for a few moments. Then, his lips moved, slowly. |

[list][sup]| NOBUSUKE KISHI : |[/sup] "...An atomic bomb?"[/list]

| Masanobu Tsuji's clever eyes squinted amid the smoke. |

[list][sup]| MASANOBU TSUJI : |[/sup] "Yes. The atomic bomb."[/list]

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list][pre]1957[/pre][/list][/list]

[list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][pre]U KÂ

QUEBEC HEADLINES[/pre][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list]

[list][list][pre][/pre]

[sup]THE KING & PM[/sup][/list][/list]

[list][list]Buckingham Palace woke to yet another old London morning, the november sky giving its common grey spectre. Edward VIII, sovereign of the United Kingdom woke at 7am every morning. His reignÂ’s first two decades have been that of headlines. First swaying public opinion to force the Church of England and ParliamentÂ’s hand and grant the love of his life, the American, Wallace Simpson the titles. As King during the war, Edward VIII led the country by somber notes, and privately wished nothing more than for the bloodshed between Britain and Germany to end. The Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6, kept close watch of his majesty during the war years and often the war cabinet under Prime Minister Churchill withheld information from the KingÂ’s red box.

The postwar years were a different matter entirely, MI6 didnÂ’t have to worry about the monarchÂ’s possible affairs with the red menace, he detested it and so did Lady Simpson.Â

By mid afternoon, Edward VIII, always well dressed in glen plaid suits of his name, the Prince of Wales check, waited for the arrival of the Prime Minister, lord Prescott Rothschild. The two were very close friends and every election cycle the King privately rooted for the Conservatives, never to see the return of Attlee and his Labourists.Â

”My dear fellow” the King greeted the Prime Minister who entered with a nodded bow. ”Your majesty” the Prime Minister spoke, ”In Canada, there may be cause that this will be our final audience.” The King was visible distrubed by this. ”I don’t understand, the morning times has it without question they will reject this ill advised vote.” Prime Minister Rothschild for once cut his sovereign off ”The morning times are written by men who haven’t jouranied a kilometer out of London’s distance. Your majesty, should the Quebeckers vote for independence, a UDI no less, my government will be forced to call a general election.” The King laughed at this, it wasn’t his place to have a say in politics but he knew of it. ”It’s rather simple, reject the UDI and hold them accountable. The sovereignty of British territory.” … “That sovereignty will be put into question by the rest of Canada and Australia should we strike it down without a general election.” The King knew this was true, and knew politics wasn’t his place in the first place, responding ”Should the opposition win the general in December, I shall miss you, dear fellow” … “As I, your majesty.” And so Prime Minister Rothschild departed the palace, the King knew this much, an independent Quebec would send the Conserative government crashing down, the shockwaves within party politics would be the equivalent of the Nationals falling to the Communists in China 1949.

The United Kingdom entered the postwar Edwardian age under a spectre of fear, fear of imperial retreat, fear of Communism, fear of the end of the old guard, and the fear uncertainty.

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

1957

A Bus Ride to Â’Buktu

8-Year-Old Thomas eagerly awaited the bus as it came down the dirt road. For months he had begged his parents to let him visit his uncle in the growing city of Timbuktu, and now they had finally agreed, managing to scrape up enough money to buy him a ticket to go by himself. As the bus pulled up to the stop, he hugged his parents and quickly ran to the bus, and found a seat in the back next to an old man.

Thomas and the old man talked the entire time, Thomas was eager to understand the state of the colony he lived in the old man being an old local politician was happy to oblige him with rambling stories, Thomas hung on every word. The old man, well he was just happy to have someone to listen to him.

Old Man: So they say this little colony of ours will finally end in a year or two, thatÂ’s when the real fun begins, post independence. I will say it wonÂ’t be all roses but certainly we will be free. Even now people are starting to realize how painful a post French world may be. Though more and more people have grown upset with French rule.

Thomas: Well why?

Old Man: Well, you see kid, there were raiders all around this province, they sacked and burned small little towns, and outposts, hundreds died. What did the French do? They demanded we not retaliate on offensives and look for peaceful alternatives. ThatÂ’s why our Prince-President was forced to sign that humiliating Peace of Gao. Gave the raiders their own autonomous state in Niger in the Far East. While IÂ’m happy they are gone, most people are angry that all their murder and plundering has gone unpunished.

Thomas: Why did they revolt in the first place?

Old Man: Because over these last 5 or so years, a massive revitalization project to build this new capital for our post independence Mali has brought in tons of new people into the region. That and buying up lands that were once used by nomads had left many poor and destitute.

Thomas: IsnÂ’t it the governments job to make up for this though? If it is claimed to be by and for the African people shouldnÂ’t it not help the raiders?

Old Man: Haha, well now youÂ’re sounding like one of those goddamn socialists.

They continued to talk for hours until they reached Timbuktu. Thomas stared in awe, old buildings in the backdrop of rising mud-brick buildings that were taller than anything Thomas had back in the village. The Parliament building stood out to him as stark and haunting. Thomas shuddered in anticipation he had a dream of one day working in that building. The Bus finally reached its destination, all of its occupants stood up weary and ready to leave.

Old Man: Hey kid. Wait a minute I never got your name?

Thomas: Oh itÂ’s, Sankara, Thomas Sankara.

And with that the two departed. Thomas had finally reached the big city.

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Teymour

Sweden: From 1946 to 1956, Decade of Development

Tage Erlander became Prime Minister upon the unexpected death of Per Albin Hansson in 1946. Erlander continued the efforts of his predecessor in the Social Democrats' social and economic program that was inspired by the idea of folkhemmet. Between 1946 and 1947, major reforms enacted by the Erlander government included the introduction of a basic pension, general child allowances, and sickness cash benefits. The National Housing Board was also set up under his purview in that time, with the intention of providing subsidized loans and establishing rent controls. Furthermore, his government oversaw a major tax reform in 1948 which saw a reduction in the income tax rate for low-income brackets, the introduction of an inheritance tax, as well as a raise in the marginal tax rate for higher tax brackets. The general election of 1948 provided the Social Democrats a plurality in the lower house, which combined with a fractured liberal-conservative opposition, allowed the party to continue governing the country with conditional support from the Communists in parliament. Prime Minister Erlander thus was able to continue the Social Democrats' plans for continued social reform, with the introduction of a general child allowance in 1948, the implementation of a new nine-year compulsory comprehensive school system in 1950, the introduction of housing allowances for pensioners in 1953, the abolition of the income-test for children's' pensions in 1954, the introduction of compulsory health insurance and passing state subsidies for provincial vocational schools in 1955, as well as the passing of state subsidies for adult education centres in 1956.

Economically, Erlander's government did not go through with its plans for the nationalisation of industries as detailed in the party's post-war program. Consistent post-war economic growth in the post-war period meant that the prospect of nationalisation no longer received as much support from the general electorate, nor from the Social Democrats' own voters. This meant that the planned nationalisations were essentially abandoned by the party entering the 50s. Sweden would thus continue with its "Swedish model", established with the 1938 Saltsjöbadsavtalet (Salt Lake agreement) between the workers' and employers' unions, which set up mutually agreed-upon rules and principles concerning industrial action and disputes between workers and their employers. This agreement meant that any issues between the two classes would be resolved without the need for government intervention, which has remained the case since its signing. From the view of the labour movement, one major achievement during this period is that of the "solidarity wage formation". Developed by left-wing Swedish economists Rehn and Meidner for the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), the wage formation's primary aim is to achieve equal pay for labourers who work the same jobs, regardless of the profitability of the firm or its size. The secondary purpose was to lower, but not eliminate entirely, wage differentials in the country. By making wages the subject of centralised bargainings between workers' and employers' unions, the solidarity wage formation allowed for the workers' unions to secure rises in standards of living without causing an inflationary spiral economically. It also served the purpose of making sure unprofitable firms would not stay afloat through underpaying its workers, though this necessarily resulted in redundancies. But this was considered one of the wage formation's features, as the now unemployed would be funnelled to more profitable businesses through the government's active labour market policies. The extensive welfare state also ensures that no worker would suffer from significant hardship during this transition. The Erlander government also paved the way for the introduction of women into the workforce, as increased social and health spending (universal healthcare was passed in 1946) meant an increase in the demand for labour, where mainly women were recruited. Thus, the public sector became the main opportunity for paid work among women.

In terms of foreign policy, the Swedish government retained its official position of state neutrality towards both the Eastern and Western blocs. However, this did not stop the Swedish government under Tage Erlander from forming a close, but importantly secret, relationship with the United States. When Erlander travelled to the Untied States in 1952 ostensibly for time off his work, he had met with President Eisenhower and reached an agreement whereby NATO was permitted to access Swedish airspace and airbases and any information on the USSR's activities gathered by Swedish intelligence agencies would be forwarded to Washington, in return for allowing Sweden to purchase military equipment and technology from the United States. On the other hand, Sweden did not shy away from the Soviet Union. The two countries agreed to a trade agreement in 1951, but this move was controversial domestically as it faced critcism from the Social Democrats' liberal-conservative opposition. Sweden also became the first Western European country to recognise the People's Republic of China, when it exchanged ambassadors in 1951. Regarding the Middle East, Erlander's government afforded official recognition to the State of Israel since 1950 and has since exchanged ambassadors. The Swedish government previously held off recognising Israel due to the assassination of royal family member Folke Bernadotte in Jerusalem in 1948, which damaged relations between Sweden and the nascent Jewish state. It also recognised the Republic of Palestine in Gaza in 1954 and holds the position that a mutually-agreed and just resolution should be achieved concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Sweden has also recognised the United Arab Republic since 1956, though only some six-months after its formation through a union between Egypt and the former territory of Saudi Arabia.

Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][list]Peruvian Public Radio

September 15, 1957, 17:00[/list][/list]

[list]"Hello, fellow people of Peru! It is 17:00, and time to start your evening radio news. First up, the Peruvian government has commenced formal relations with the state of Israel. As a part of this, Peru has arranged for an embassy to be set up in the city of Jerusalem. There are other aspects to this new relationship between the nations of Peru and Israel that are currently being arranged between nations. In other news, the Peruvian government has announced that it shall be building more equipment for the purpose of minting new currency. The government has expressed the desire to increase the volume of currency in Peru. This announcement has signified that Peru's desire to increase its economic production, though economists have warned that increasing currency production will cause inflation. In other news, the Peruvian Capital Commission, a commission formed for the restructuring and updating of Lima, Peru, has been established. Also known as the PCC, this commission was formed in order to control the construction, expansion, architecture, and zoning within Lima, Peru. In other news, the Peruvian government has granted permission for the Private Prisons Company to establish a small number of prisons to house criminals. In other news, Fernando Belaúnde Terry, an a number of influential members of the banned Popular Action Party have been arrested and found guilty of treason. Thanks to the earlier interest in education, the spreading of his treasonous ideals was halted and he and his supporters were forced to flee. His group was subsequently caught when they were attempting a rebellion, many referred to as the 'Hosedown'. The courts have finally reached a verdict. Law enforcement officers involved in the capture of those criminals have been given rewards for their part in the capture. In other news, the government has officially started to offer high-paying jobs to foreigners in various fields of ship and aircraft, as well as those in other tech fields that would benefit the Peruvian economy. In other news, the Peruvian government has officially offered a reward of 10,000 Sol for any true tip that leads to the capture of a socialist......That is all for today's news. Tune back in tomorrow for more Peruvian news broadcast."[/list]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Unitary Israel, Suuvla, Teymour

[list][sup]DECEMBER 5TH 1955[/sup]

THE GENERAL PLAN FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF MOSCOW.[/list]

___

[sup]USSR, RSFSR, MOSCOW[/sup]

___

| In the 1930s there was a Plan by General Secretary Joseph Stalin to revitalize Moscow, to expand its size and build monumental buildings, befitting the capital of the first Communist state on earth. however, work on this project ended in 1941, with the start of Great Patriotic War. This 1935 General Plan called for doubling the cityÂ’s size and building sixteen highways, several monuments, new boulevards and squares, and fifteen million square meters of new housing for an additional 1.5 million residents. The city was to be surrounded by a ten kilometer-wide greenbelt. The Great Patriotic War has thus stopped the plan from being completed. However it is General Secretary Anastas Mikoyan's imperative to complete this plan as a part of the Decade Plan. After the death of Stalin, and the admission that Stalin made mistakes, many in the Politburo called for the disbanding of the Soviet Academy of Architecture, and the end of Soviet Classicism, otherwise known as Stalinist Architecture. General Secretary Mikoyan disagreed with this and the Academy still runs and the government sponsored architecture style remains to be Soviet Classicism.|

| The buildings created in the Moscow General Plan would be massive monuments to the Union and Socialism, not just utilitarian but built to inspire and instill a sense of beauty in you. Buildings are not just meant to be useful but also be pleasing to the eye. More reformist members of the politburo have been condemning the "excesses" of the past, but the government has condemned this betrayal of the beauty of Socialist Classicism. The first building would be the "Administrative building in Zaryadye", the unfinished "eighth sister" of the Seven Sisters, the name of Seven high rises built by Stalin in the 1940s and 50s. It was named the Administrative Building because of its lack of a purpose, not for any specific administrative use. It has been suggested by many to be turned into a Hotel, which has been approved by the Government, thus it shall be known as Hotel Zaryadye. One of the few megaprojects suggested during the war is the Heroes Arch, a massive arch commemorating the fallen of the Great Patriotic War. it will be placed in the Red Square. On it will be ornate engravings depicting the heroic men that gave their lives for the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War, and depicting their heroic actions. Along with the Arch there will be a memorial wall built somewhere in moscow listing all the names of the men that died in the war. |

| Next in the Plan was the Moscow Pantheon, otherwise known as the Monument to the Eternal Glory of the Great People of the Soviet Land. It would be a Monumental memorial tomb, to serve as a final resting place for prominent communists around the world and the remains of Communists who had been buried at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. According to the plan the embalmed body of Vladimir Lenin would be put on display in the Pantheon. It's design was to be in a neoclassical roman style, similar in shape to the Pantheon or Temples of Vesta. Its architecture would portray a feeling of Solemness, befitting the resting place of so many Comrades. Next would be the Izvestia Newspaper Office Complex, it would be a large 5 story office building on the bank of the Moskva River. Izvestia represented the views of the Supreme Soviet, whereas Pravda was the mouthpiece of the Communist Party itself. In the Front of the building would be a statue of a Proletariat holding a plaque with the Building's name on it. The next building is a building for the the State Publishing House, known as OGIZ or the Union of the State Book and Magazine Publishers, responsible directly to the council of People's Commissars. This building is to be known as Dom Knigi, or the House of Books. It shall be located in Pushkinskaya Square. |

| Next would come the Headquarters of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry, an imposing building to be constructed in Red Square itself. This was a grandiose project, and will require the destruction of the GUM departmental Store, and the State Historial Museum. Both buildings shall be built in a new location in Moscow with their previous architecture intact. This would be a radical reconstruction of Red Square itself and would require the loss of adjacent streets and squares. The building's grand architectural design was to reflect the importance of Heavy Industry in the Union. Up next is the Aeroflot Building, a new Headquarters for the Soviet airline Company, Aeroflot. Planned by Dmitri Chechulin as a monument to the glory of Soviet Aviation. Thus it required an aerodynamic design befitting a house of Aviation. In front would be the Sculpted Figures of the Soviet airman who took part in the heroic rescue of the Chelyuskin steamship crew from an improvised airstrip on the frozen Chukchi Sea in 1934. The Aeroflot Building is to sit next to Belorussky Railway Station. |

| Finally, the crowning Monument of the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow would be the Gargantuan Palace of the Soviets. Its purpose would not just be an administrative building, but a symbol of the triumph of Communism, and a constant reminder of the Principles of Marxism-Leninism. The site where the building shall sit is the former site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. It shall house state institutions, but shall also hold all offices associated with the All-Union Communist Party, the Supreme Soviets, and the like. The three principle architects of the bulding are Boris Iofan, Vladimir Shchuko and Vladimir Gelfreikh. The Main Hall with a capacity of 21,000 seats will be 330 ft high and 525 ft in diameter. the Little Hall in the Eastern Wing will have 6,000 seats and shall serve as the Headquarters of the Warsaw Pact. On the roof of the Palace is to be a 328 ft tall statue of Lenin, holding a scroll in one hand and pointing outwards. In the original plan, Moscow was to be rebuilt in the span of a single five year plan, but due to the ongoing Decade Plan and more pragmatic thinking from General Secretary Mikoyan, the project will go on for 10 years, with construction quickening in the second 5 years, as the Decade Plan winds down. In only 10 years Moscow is to be transformed into НОВАЯ МОСКВА, the capital of the future befitting the first Workers and Peasants state! |

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| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

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Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Boikostan

[list]Heiwa 5

March 1957

[sub]世界への序曲[/sub]

Overture to the World[/list]

[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]

TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN

| Coming after more than ten years of self-imposed isolation to the world - Save for the United States and, just a year ago, the USSR - Nobusuke Kishi's Japan has set its sights on raising its international profile again. Through a total of three state visits during one week to the French Republic, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Republic, which Japan has just recognized, the new Prime Minister aims to discuss advantageous trade relations with Europe and the Middle-East, as well as strategic implications in Asia of Japan's slow but certain re-armament. Ties with the non-Western world have been halted since 1945, and ties to the West itself have suffered an enormous blow after World War II, with both French and British colonial possessions occupied by the Empire of Great Japan at the time. Indeed, much progress needs to be made, starting with no lack of hurdles: Japan's situation in regard to the United States is still that of a junior partner, with the US-Japan defense treaty not stipulating mutual defense and with a large presence of American troops. For that reason, Kishi's cabinet has also made clear that its aims lie not in shadowing America with Europe, but rather in re-balancing the situation in regards to the Old World and its vicinity. |

| Prime Minister Kishi's first stop will be in Paris, where he is set to meet with a man whose voice has steadily risen as the second most powerful in the capitalist word: Charles de Gaulle. |

Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

1957

Losses Too Great: Last Train Out of Togoland

All over Timbuktu anti-colonial, and anti-independence posters kept showing up all over buildings, and graffiti with the phrase: ”Death to Imperialism, Out With France”, adorned every single back alley. As the final trains left Togo, many soldiers returned to be paraded through the capital city, what was expected to be a grand parade turned ghostly. Citizens stood on the side of the street watching as mud-covered soldiers walked through looking half-dead and broken. Then after the parade of the soldiers still alive, came the March of the Broken, as the media came to calling it. The severely wounded soldiers hobbled or were wheeled through the streets. Finally came the darkest moment. The final triumph for the fallen. 2,500-7,500 dead soldiers were carried or driven through the streets in coffins, all of them adorned with the new Malian flag. The feeling of horror and disgust is hanging heavy over all of Mali. Why die for Imperialist interests?

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Suuvla, Teymour

[list][list]【المصفوفة الصهيونية】 - 【המערך הציוני】 - 【🅃🄷🄴 🅉🄸🄾🄽🄸🅂🅃 🄰🅁🅁🄰🅈】

[sub]העיתון של ציון, כל מה שצריך לדעת. ~מאז 1931[/sub]

𝕆𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕀𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕟𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕘𝕖.

[list]ᑭᗴᖇᑌ

[sub]In what would be called a bold move, the Peruvian government decided to establish their embassy in Jerusalem, Ben-Gurion welcomed that move with what we could only assume is great satisfaction. This is truly a sign of friendship between the Peruvian people and the people of Israel!

In addition, trade routes with the Latin American nation have been drawn and shipments of materials from America will begin to ship in to provide the growing Israeli industry. alongside products, the minister of Foreign Affairs Golda Meir have granted a limit of up to 500 work visas for Peruvians to come to Israel and work in the Welfare sector, assisting the old and holocaust survivors whom are alone and have no one to take care of them.[/sub][/list]

[list]ᑕƳᑭᖇᑌS

[sub]During August 1957 members of the Cypriot government have met with key figures of the IDF, the Prime Minister and Defense Minister, David Ben-Gurion and established a deal of mutual assistance. You may start seeing Cypriot ships docking often in Haifa or Ashdod, smile to them and show a friendly face, Israel has earned herself a new friend in the Middle East!

The deal struck between us and the Cypriots will bring the so desired vacation abroad to you at a cheaper price, traveling has never been seen as a common commodity until today![/sub][/list]

𝔸𝕟 𝕒𝕗𝕗𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕒𝕓𝕝𝕖 𝕔𝕒𝕣 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕪 𝕀𝕤𝕣𝕒𝕖𝕝𝕚.

[list][sub]Last week the government owned Autocars co. have announced the first car design ready to be distributed and shipped to the Israeli customer, the Sabra car, a sports car with an affordable price. the secret to the car's lucrative price range is it's key material: Fiberglass! a light and sleek material which allows great flexibility with the car's design, light weight on the wheels and is easy to fix at home!

The new cars will be available all across Israel and within the next months even in Latin America, a moment of pride for the Israeli industry![/sub]

Teujira, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

[list][sup]OCTOBER 4TH 1957[/sup]

THE LAUNCH OF SPUTNIK 1[/list]

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[sup]USSR, KAZAKH SSR, BAIKONUR COSMODROME[/sup]

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|October 4th, 1957 would go down in history as the date Man turned his gaze to the stars, and vowed to tame it and conquer it as he did to the Earth itself in ages past. Sputnik 1, the world first artificial satellite would be launched that day deep in the heart of the Soviet Union, on the Baikonur Cosmodrome within the Kazakh SSR. The satellite is to be carried on a rocket of the same name, designed by Sergei Korolev the head of the Soviet Space Program. It isn't very complex, it is only an un-crewed orbital carrier rocket R-7 Semyorka ICBM. The Chief Designer of Sputnik 1 itself is Mikhail S. Khomyakov. The satellite itself is a 585-millimetre (23.0 inch) diameter sphere assembled from two hemispheres hermetically sealed together with O-Rings and connected by 36 bolts. It has a mass of 83.6 kilograms (184 Pounds), the hemispheres themselves were 2mm thick and covered in a polished 1mm heat shield made of Aluminum-Magnesium-Titanium Alloy, AMG6T. Sputnik carries two pairs of antennas designed by the Soviet Antenna Laboratory of OKB-1, led by Mikhail V. Krayushkin. Each antenna consisted of two whip-esque pieces 2.4 and 2.9 metres (7.9 and 9.5 feet) in length. The Satellite has a near perfect spherical radiation pattern. The power supply itself has as mass of 51 KG (112 pounds) and was an octagon shaped nut with a radio transmitter in the center, it has three silver-zinc batteries developed by the All-Union Research Institute of Power Sources headed by Nikolai S. Lidorenko. Two batteries powered the radio and the third powered the temperature regulator, the batteries have an expected lifetime of two weeks. It is to be turned on automatically when separation from the rocket occurs. The control system of the Sputnik Rocket was adjusted for an elliptical orbit of 223 by 1,450 km (139 by 901 mi) with an orbit period of 101.5 min, the trajectory itself was calculated by cosmonaut Georgi Grechko Soviet Academy of Sciences' mainframe computer. |

|The Rocket launches at the Cosmodrome at 19:28:34 UTC, as it flew into the skies the stages separated perfectly on schedule, however A fuel regulator in the booster also failed around 16 seconds into launch, which resulted in excessive RP-1 consumption for most of the powered flight and the engine thrust being 4% above nominal. At 19.9 seconds after engine cut-off, Sputnik-1 separated from the second stage and the satellite's transmitter was activated. These signals were detected at the IP-1 station by Junior Engineer-Lieutenant V.G. Borisov, where reception of Sputnik 1's beeping tones confirmed the satellite's successful deployment. The Designers, engineers and technicians who developed Sputnik one watched the launch on the range. Immediately after the successful launch they drove to the Radio Station to listen for signals from Sputnik. They waited about an hour to make sure Sputnik-1 made a successful orbit and was transmitting before Sergei Korolev called General Secretary Mikoyan. On the first orbit the Soviet telegram agency transmitted "As result of great, intense work of scientific institutes and design bureaus the first artificial Earth satellite has been built." The satellite's radio signal is incredibly easy to detect by the most amateur of radio operators. Designed that way intentionally of course, to signal to all the world the Soviets entered space first. The launch of the world's first Satellite by a supposedly "backward nation of peasants" according to America would send the Americans into a full scale panic. It would catch the entire world completely by surprise.|

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| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |

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Otsla, Grand Indochina, Liberalina, Americaa, Kiger, Suuvla, Zanbala Prz, Teymour

Assembled with Dot's Region Saver.
Written by Refuge Isle.