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Region: The Roleplay Chessboard
[list]ອານາຈັກລາວອົດທົນ! HIS KINGDOM ENDURES![/B]
[sub]January-March 1959 | Luang Prabang, Kingdom of Laos[/sub][/list]
[I]As the new year, 1959, came into full swing across New Year's Celebrations around the globe. American personnel stationed within Laos even took these days off, rendering the United States Program's Evaluation Office effectively closed during this time. However, in Laos the New Year, Pi Mai Lao, is marked in early-mid April. This meant troops of the Royal Lao Armed Forces were not enjoying the same amenities given the 'times'. For those of whom observing the Gregorian New Year, the war happening in the not-so-distant jungles of northern Laos came to a stand-still, justifying their temporary cease of operations while they enjoyed a toast with compatriots. In reality, Communist forces were upon the throat of the country with the royal capital, Luang Prabang, in their trajectory. Despite misgivings about their potential performance the Royal Lao Army moved in to occupy the Nam Bac Valley as the position would block a traditional Vietnamese invasion route that led to the Lao royal capitol.
The geography of the valley proved to be problematic. It was closer to Viet Minh-held regions along the Vietnamese border than to Luang Prabang and additionally, the communist invaders would enjoy the use of Route 19 for part of their route to the valley. Nam Bac itself can only be resupplied by air from Luang Prabang, and its supply line is dependent upon use of an airstrip sited on low ground within artillery range of nearby heights. While RLA Colonel Khampai Sayasith of Groupement Mobile 11 commanded the movement, overall command of the Nam Bac operation was held by General Savatphayphane Bounchanh. The nearly bloodless overrunning of the Nam Bac Valley was hailed as a great victory for the RLA. The enemy response was to truck troops to the end of Route 19 and march them in from there. The invaders infiltrated into the hills surrounding the Nam Bac Valley and began to dig fortifications. The guerrillas prepared an unforgiving siege of the Royal Lao Army positions.
The 11e and 25e Groupement Mobile (GM 11; GM 25) of the Royal Lao Army came into contact against a battle-hardened force of Pathet Lao and Viet Minh guerrillas heavily on the offensive to take the valley from the Royalist stronghold of combined forces. Veteran independent Communist regiments and battalions moved in from the Pathet Lao-occupied northern province of Phongsaly to join the attack, they brought the guerrilla strength to about 4,100 soldiers. Opposing them, the defense of the valley was left to only a mere some 2,000 Royalist troops, and 3,000 Phunoi (Khong) and Khmu tribal irregulars.
The performance of the Royal Lao Army in the defense of the Nam Bac Valley ranged from poor to disastrous. Air assets were in short supply as it was, but the Royal Lao Air Force refused to utilize any available air power after the threat of Chinese intervention came to fruition, filling the skies of northern Laos with PLAAF MiG jet fighters, an exponential cut-above the aging WWII-era Boulton Paul Defiant's of the Royal Lao Air Force's arsenal, capitulating the RLAF to a forced grounding. Command and control communications within the defense functioned sporadically and the resupply system had completely deteriorated by early March, leaving some units under-equipped against the enemy's push-and-pull. Artillery support for the infantry was nonexistent or inadequate. In addition, the defending Royal forces also suffered from a critical lack of armor or mechanized support, as these materials would have required a lengthy airlift.
With April fast on the approach, the morale of the Royal Lao Army defenders in the valley began to steadily decline as thoughts of being with their families during Pi Mai Lao celebrations filled the hearts and minds of each. With the rainy season beginning, Royal Lao forces figured they would use the perceived lull in battle brought about by heavy rains and winds to reinforce their position. Unbeknownst to them however, the Communist guerrillas, virulent in their siege, remained combat active despite the worsening weather conditions. With a monthly combat casualty toll of 42 killed in action and 72 wounded in action in the months leading up, General Bounchanh encouraged a revamp of the valley's defenses. However, Pathet Lao militants continued their creeping advance upon the Royalist position and thwarted any resupply efforts after an attempt to overrun defenses furthest south broke any formerly perceived break in combat. The RLA was caught practically with it's pants around it's ankles during it's attempt at reinforcement, exactly what the enemy had anticipated would happen. Though not nearly out of the fight just yet, Royal Lao Army units involved in the defense of the Nam Bak Valley were clinging onto their position by the skins of their teeth.
Stahlrahm, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
Not what I meant so I edited
Otsla
[pre]Year of the Earth Pig
March 1959[/pre]
[sub]Beijing, China[/sub]
大跃进!
The Great Leap Forward
[pre]10 Years of the People's Republic and the Quest for Parity with the West![/pre]
[sub]It was only 5 years in the past that Chairman Mao announced the glorious 5 Year Plan, modelled on the Soviet plans of the same name and with intention to rapidly modernise Chinese agriculture. The Politburos prescient decision to forestall the collectivisation of agriculture, instead allowing some degree of market socialism, has proven to be an excellent move, curbing the disastrous impacts of hasty collectivisation in the USSR. With farmers having incentive to expand their yields, agricultural production has seen a seventeen-fold rise from its levels in 1949 at the proclamation of the Peoples Republic.
The reintegration of Mongolia within China, and the rapid Sinicisation of outlying regions like Xinjiang, Mongolia and Tibet, have left the PRC in a position significantly stronger than any Chinese state in recent history. Finally liberated from the constraints imposed upon it by the necessity to suppress insurgencies and insurrections, China has had liberty to turn inward and return to the traditional Confucianist policies of self-improvement, which under Maos 1953 Edict of Nanjing are compatible and complementary to the nature of Communist Party rule. Chinese citizens are at present resolute in their support of the Communist Party, which has proven itself a government more stable and more effective in its governance than the traitor Chiangs fascist Republic, or the old Manchu imperialists.
With China once again restored to a semblance of national pride, and its populace well-fed, the obvious point of discrepancy between it and the rest of the world is its industry. The Five Year Plan has seen a drastic increase in the ability of Chinese industry to compete on equal terms with the West, and the undisputed establishment of China as by far the largest industrial power in mainland Asia, and second only to the already-industrialised Japanese in Asia at large.
However, the proclamations by the Soviet government stating their intent to surpass the United States in industrial output within 15 years have sparked a fervour in China to do the same with the secondary imperialist powers, France and the United Kingdom. Already maintaining an economy of comparable and in many regards larger size than France and the UK, Chinas major shortcoming is its lack of developed industry to compete in production of military-industrial implements that will develop the still largely agrarian economy.
The industrial targets prescribed by the First Five Year Plan have been surpassed greatly in most regards, by the realities on the ground in 1959, and where they have not been exceeded, they have at least been equalled. This clearly is a resounding success on a large scale, and its impact is to provide China with an industrial base that will be able to supply internal consumer demand and maintain the astronomical more than 22% growth rate of the past few years.
The industrial estates outlined under the First Five Year Plan will be further integrated, through the expansion of the existing rail network, already the 3rd largest in the world, to make Chinese industry cohesive and interlinked to stimulate further growth.
Heavy-gauge rail lines are to be constructed between all the industrial estates of China proper, with hubs at Shanghai, Nanjing, Harbin and Chongqing, as well as a linkage to the national terminus in Beijing. Instead of existing steam locomotives and Republic of China-era railways, the railways will be entirely overhauled, with the complete dieselisation of the system to be instituted by 1960, using the newly-designed DF-4 locomotives. Soviet advisers will be employed by state-owned China Railway, and will plot the laying down of rail lines across the PRC with the construction of 200,000km of dieselised railways by 1961. China Railway will be entrusted with the construction of the DF-1 to pull both civilian and freight trains, at a mean speed of 170 km/h allowing for transit between any two points in China within 20 hours, including a pan-China provincial rail network at similar speeds and of the same gauge to all major provincial cities under the Industrial Commissars of the respective Industrial Districts, and point-to-point connections via light rail between towns and major villages to provincial hubs that connect to the main rail network. The construction of these rail networks will do in a few years what no Chinese government was able to do in over 400: integrate China into a single, truly unitary state, and afford to the increasingly wealthy Chinese people the ability to visit and travel to other parts of the glorious PRC with convenience and ease that will place China Railway at the pinnacle of global railway development. The rapid integration of the earlier-isolated industrial districts provides a medium for the exchange of raw materials and finished goods in China, allowing for the more efficient operation of Chinese industry as well as the stimulation of the Chinese consumer goods market, expected to be able to sustain growth of 17% year-on-year by 1965 even if external exports fail.
The second industry of focus is the China-wide petroleum extraction business. The import of Soviet technology under the First Five Year Plan raised production levels to approximately 24 million tonnes yearly, most of which was being exported to nations such as the DPRK and Mongolia. However, in order to more gainfully utilise these resources, the Chinese Government has elected to sever in their entirety all oil exports from China, in order that, if the current growth rate of oil consumption is taken into account, China will be able to sustain self-sufficient well into the twilight years of the 21st Century. Manchurian oilfields will see the opening of 15 new drilling sectors across the North Chinese Plain, with output projected to rise to about 72 million tonnes annually by 1965. Most of this oil will be redirected to the fuelling of increasingly high demands being placed on Chinese energy resources by, interestingly, the newly-ascendant railways as well as the increasingly thirsty factories. Three main oil pipelines are to be constructed, and will run along rail lines also being constructed in the region.
Harbin-Shanghai
Heihe-Beijing-Urumqi
Shenyang-Nanning-Kunming
These lines will provide the primary arteries for oil transport in the PRC, with sub-branches being constructed in concurrence with the provincial-level railway lines to ensure that oil demand across China is met.
Additionally, with the rise of per capita income to levels rivalling 1930s Japan, the people of China have seen a decided departure from firewood and coal-based fuels for their homes to the use of petroleum-based solutions. As a result, the Politburo has seen fit to introduce two channels in the existing pipeline system: one for petroleum, and the second, which will go to every village, for liquefied petroleum gas and refinery gas, used for cooking, home heating, and other domestic consumption. The introduction of this advanced feature, one that is only just being implemented in the West, marks Chinas transition from an impoverished practically failed state to a dynamic middle income nation.
Road networks are also to be expanded greatly, in routes largely parallel to the railways which mark the primary arterial nodes for China. The construction of massive highways following the main rail lines, as well as the construction of state highways and B-roads alongside the provincial and light railways, ensures that the products of Chinese factories and the raw materials they require can be brought from them and to them efficiently, as well as that the mobilisation of Chinese troops to hazardous regions along the borders with India and Laos can be made good rapidly to ensure the territorial integrity of the Motherland.
The industrial phase of what has been labelled Maos Great Leap Forward circles around a core tenet: catching up to and beating the West. After the Great Leap Forward, Chinese industrial output is no longer the puny amount it used to be, representing 68% of British and about 55% of Soviet industrial output, leaving China in the position of the worlds 5th largest industrial power, after the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom and France. Chinas primary rival within Asia is of course Japan, which while behind marginally in raw industrial output, possesses a much greater ability to produce high-quality and precision goods compared to China, which circles around heavy industry.
Chinese industrialisation under the Great Leap Forward is characterised by three principles:
Centralisation: The emphasis on centralised, concentrated industry in contrast to the diffuse industry favoured by capitalist economies, with there being industrial centres within the estates that constitute the majority of the industrial development.
Corollaries to Agriculture: Unlike Soviet industrialisation under the Five Year Plans, Chinese industrialisation under the Great Leap Forward aims, similar to Maos First Five Year Plan, to develop industry due to the advancement of agriculture, rather than at the expense of it. Agricultural production will largely be shifted north into Mongolia, whose 1 million sq. km. of land is estimated to be able to produce 1600% of the total demand for food grains and vegetable crops, and southwest into the provinces of Yunnan and Guangdong, whose lush tropical climate renders them suitable for the production of rice and vegetables, as well as consumer food items like fruit and nuts, most of which will be grown on verdant Hainan Island.
向内看/Look Inward: While China industrialises and mechanises its vast agricultural programme to employ less than 25% of the workforce by 1970, the CCP is deeply cognisant of the strains it places with this move towards an industrialised society. Although China will continue to export finished goods, raw materials and food grains will be retained to satisfy domestic consumption, thereby to stave off famines or other untoward occurrences that could occur from exporting food grains that are sorely needed by the burgeoning Chinese population, expected to cross 800 million by 1972.
The organisation of the Great Leap Forward has been seen by many as a sign of the increasing power wielded by moderates and market socialists like Liu Shaoqi and his protégé Deng Xiaoping in the PRC, with the focus on well-structured, efficient industrialisation in favour of Maos haphazard Peoples Communes and other dispersed and poorly-organised initiatives serving to reveal to many the declining influence of Mao and the traditionalist faction within China, with the rise of a more moderate, even revisionist, ideology that has emerged as the frontrunner in Chinese politics, labelled by many in the Chinese state-run media as Shaoqi-Mao Axialism, a political ideology that is decidedly less hostile in its opinions of market socialism and other practically unheard-of ideologies. It remains to be seen whether this is a temporary aberration, or whether this represents a paradigm shift in China and the Chinese sphere of influence away from Maoism and towards the Soviet Union.
Ambitious targets have been set for the factories tasked under the Great Leap Forward with bringing China onto a level of equality first with the United Kingdom and second with the Soviet Union. More pressing in its celerity than the industrialisation of any state in the past, including the 16-year industrialisation of Meiji Japan, the forecasted 11-to-15-year long industrialisation process set in motion by the Great Leap Forward will see China, by its end, establish itself as the second-largest industrial power in the world, second only to the United States and roughly on par or ahead of the Soviet Union.
|为人民服务!|
[spoiler=✯ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴇᴇɴ ʙᴀɴɴᴇʀ! ✯]
Lux Lumen[/spoiler]
[/sub]
Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Teujira, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Teymour, Prussia Poland
[list]Heiwa 7
―
March 1959
[sub]解散創価学会[/sub]
Disbanding the Soka Gakkai[/list]
[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]
TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN
| The Soka Gakkai [創価学会 - Value-Creation Society] had seen an explosive growth in the 1950s, one that had surprised even its most optimistic members. By the death of its president, Josei Toda, and the turnover of leadership to his young protégé Daisaku Ikeda last year, it had 890,000 Japanese households registered to its name. The Soka Gakkai was a Buddhist religious movement, sometimes called a sect, dedicated to reviving the school of Nichiren Buddhism which had spread in Japan during the 13th century. Its ascent had been unprecedented, and its rigid, strict paramilitary organization, devout local leaders, and the charisma of Mr. Ikeda had turned it into a recruitment machine the likes of which every organization on Earth could be jealous of. Although its teachings professed pacifism and the sanctity of human life, in line with Nichiren's philisophy, the Soka Gakkai had also displayed aggressive proselytizing tactics, sometimes bordering on violence; it decried the multi-party system and believed in the worldwide spread of Nichiren Buddhism. The press and most of the Japanese public had come to see the organization with suspicion, be it because of some violent reports or extreme practices, such as the ritual destruction of the Shinto amulets held by new households, or its quick and nearly overnight rise to prominence. |
| By March of 1959, a secret report landed on the desk of Masanobu Tsuji, Deputy director of the State Security Agency's Foreign Defense Office, but de facto head of Japan's intelligence and counter-intelligence as a whole. He had commissioned the report one year earlier, and through the dissemination of spies and the increased surveillance on the Soka Gakkai's leadership, had now obtained a most complete picture of the movement. Of course, Tsuji had heard of the Soka Gakkai before - The organization, created in 1930, had been banned by the wartime military governments before 1945. It seemed history would repeat itself, for the bald head of Tsuji brimmed with ideas at the untapped potential. Not of the Soka Gakkai itself - This organization had definitely grown too large, too threatening, and would be banned by the state as soon as he had finished reading the dozens of thin paper sheets in the report. But rather at the social composition of the Soka Gakkai. Indeed, according to SSA agents, the Soka Gakkai had tapped into the working-classes and the lower middle-classes of society. Among the converts were families of urban industrial workers, bar hostesses, and low-level white-collar workers. According to one agent's report, the religious organization had provided guidance and military-style discipline to a very large range of people who often described their previous lives as lost among the rapid industrialization and mass society of Japan's urban centers. These people, who were left without any cardinal values amid the rampant modernization, had been thirsty from their very inner self for values and moral leadership, thought Tsuji as he read. It was quite evident that many of these converts would have become members of the Communist Party, had the JCP not been so closed-off to traditional beliefs (and, of course, had the JCP not been repressed in all sorts of way by Tsuji's own men). More interesting yet, a few years ago, it was discovered that some Soka Gakkai cadres had ran in elections near Osaka as independent candidates, and that Daisaku Ikeda, the mastermind of Soka Gakkai's recruitment drive and former head of its youth branch, was planning on founding a political party soon and therefore turning Soka Gakkai's enormous base into a dedicated voter pool. |
| Naturally, it could not happen. Tsuji convened a reunion and handed out orders. By mid-March, Daisaku Ikeda, the new president of the organization, was suddenly embroiled in a grotesque sex scandal, and publicly arrested before being indicted with corruption charges along with a dozen of other top leaders of Soka Gakkai. It was no secret that nearly all the accused in Japan's courts were eventually convicted. The press, which was already wary of Soka Gakkai, spared no amount of details in telling the public how vile Mr. Ikeda had behaved. By the end of the month, the Soka Gakkai was therefore headless, and disbanded by the government on account of fraudulent activities. |
| Tsuji's endgoal? To eventually create a new political party, and tap in the very same reserve of disaffected Japanese that Soka Gakkai had exploited. Tsuji, an old and cunning man, was obviously not charismatic enough to head such a new party. But with the right phone calls, he could probably hire a well-known leader. And with his friend Ryoichi Sasakawa's money, there was no doubt the new party would be able to prosper. A proper fascist-populist party to push Tsuji's ideals on the public stage would give renewed hope to former Soka Gakkai members. What's more, the current lull in Japanese politics could be clearly felt, as the Soka Gakkai's growth had shown. Indeed, the ruling Constitutional-Democratic Party was losing its main voter base: Farmers, who were less and less each year, replaced by the more numerous cohort of white- and blue-collar urban workers, who traditionally voted for the Socialists or Communists. Time was ripe for a new party to enter the battle. And only time will tell whether Tsuji's gambit would prove successful. |
Stahlrahm, Teujira, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
NJË PLAN I RI PESË VJEÇAR! A NEW FIVE YEAR PLAN![/B]
[sub]March 1959 | Republika Demokratike Popullore e Shqipërisë[/sub]
[I]As several months passed after the soft purge of Hoxha and his loyalists, among other purged across the Warsaw Pact orchestrated by the Soviet Union, the Pro-Soviet installed Prime Minister of the Republika Demokratike Popullore, Nexh Boshnjaku, delivers a revised and reconcepted five-year economic plan which aims to successfully drive the Albanian economy through the next half-decade. The plan details many goals and visions for the national economy, and although seemingly over-ambitious, Plani Boshnjaku or "The Boshnjaku Plan" sought to accomplish the improbable. Within the next five years, the plan seeks to build housing complexes across the country with the overall intent to house and employ every citizen of Albania within one sector of the national economy or another. Whether it be as a technical laborer in the steel factory, a dock-hand at the port, a lumberman in the mill, or a disciplined member of the Armed Forces, it was Boshnjaku's ultimate grail to assure the housing, employment, and ultimately, the contribution of all citizens to their People's Democratic Republic.
With Albania wedged between the East and the West geographically, Enver Hoxha's overwhelming paranoia was certainly lessened, however never truly escaped Communist Albanian leadership. Nexh himself being ever fearful, and simultaneously cautious, of a civilian uprising bringing about the disastrous end of Far-Left rule in Tirana. Prime Minister Boshnjaku preferred, however, to keep civilians busy with a hefty Soviet work-week, consisting of 9AM-5PM standard work days, one of just a few major reforms undertaken by Nexh's administration. In addition, the Plan established a civilian initiative coined the Programi Kombëtar i Rindërtimit të Autostradave (PKRA) or "National Highway Reconstruction Program". The PKRA incentivizes civilian workers to choose an extra work-day per week and enlist their spare time repairing the country's severely eroded national roads, routes, and highways for an additional pay stipend. Government analysts estimate that via this program, Albania's road and highway systems could be entirely revamped by 1969 or 1970 and at least half-way restored by 1964 given the extent of the program's projected success.
In addition to these works and objectives, the Plan also includes the construction of three state-owned arsenals, Uzina e Municioneve Gramsh (Gramsh Munitions Plant) near Gramsh, Kombinati Mekanik Poliçan (Poliçan Mechanical Compound) as part of the industrial center near Poliçan, and Uzina e Lëndëve Plasëse Mjekës (Mjekës Explosive Materials Plant), in Mjëkës. Each arsenal will specialize in production of various small arms, equipment, and war materials for the National People's Vanguard, all designs merely copies of Soviet success. Beginning in 1961, UM Gramsh would begin manufacturing rifles, among other small arms, all while KM Poliçan begins it's production of the local indigenous M43 7.62x39mm cartridge, as well as mortar and anti-tank ammunition. [B]ULP Mjëkës was set to begin it's production starting in 1962, a year later than it's sibling arsenals. However, the Mjëkës factory will produce mainly heavy ordinances, largely for artillery, along with grenades, rocket propelled grenades, and recoilless rifle, tank shells.
In anticipation of the first Soviet arms deliveries to the National People's Vanguard, the Boshnjaku Plan criticizes the high costs of import jet fuels and furthermore addresses a domestic solution to this by "crafting the fruits of Albania's natural splendor into commodities and resources." Reinforcing this ideal, the state-owned Karburantit dhe Naftës Kombëtare (KNK) or "National Fuel and Petroleum" plans to renovate a factory in the city of Kuçova to design the country's first locally-produced special kerosene for jet aircraft called TSI beginning in 1961. The National People's Air Vanguard intends to use the TSI kerosene fuel in all aircraft purchased from the Soviet Union as per the gargantuan 1958 arms deal, as well as upon their current stock of some nearly 100 MiG-15's and MiG-19's.
Yet again seemingly over ambitious, Nexh Boshnjaku firmly believes that if heeded properly and accordingly, his National Plan would see Albania bloom into a Marxist-Leninist Futuro-Utopia by the year of 1970. He asserted further in his plan that Albania as a nation, by the time the world calender reaches the "Viti i Mbarësisë" or the Year of Auspice (1970), would far surpass any and all of it's previous successes, and advancements, becoming champions of modern technology and formidable proponents of warfare alike, able to conquer it's neighbors with an efficiency never before displayed. Despite the questionable nature of these assertions, a majority of Albanians support PM Boshnjaku and the plan plotting a course for his some 2.93 million compatriots.
[spoiler=1 9 7 0]Teymour
Lux Lumen[/spoiler]
Arcanda, Teujira, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[I]March 1959 Lisbon Portugal
[I]Catherine and the new government is almost prepared to lift the martial law order allowing the kingdom of Portugal to get back to normal , since the new monarchy almost has the new government completed.
Queen Catherine will be planning some new economic laws in a few weeks after martial law is gone .
Her majesty hopes to travel to other countries in the next few months with a tour of the non eastern bloc nations to establish relations and trade agreements hoping leaders of these nations will find it easy to have relations with the new kingdom of Portugal,
As martial law is lifted the new Portugal police for will be checking immigration status to be sure no eastern bloc anti monarchist have gotten in.
Liberalina
March-April 1959
Occupation of The Gambia
March 3rd
10:00 Hours: Final diplomatic talks break down between The Gambia and the Imperial Federation.
15:00 Hours: Operation Mansa begins.
March 5th-17th
Patrol Boats block access to Gambian ports cutting off trade through the mouth of the delta.
5,000 Soldiers are mobilized for the invasion of The Gambia
March 18th - 29th
Small vessels begin traveling up the The Gambian river, Banjul falls with only a small exchange of gunfire between the Presidential Guard, and members of the marines.
President Sir Dawda Jawara surrenders to Imperial Federal forces, formerly surrendering the nation to Mali.
March - April 20th
The Malian Marines continue landing in small villages along the river, establishing small garrisons.
Outlying soldiers occupy the entirety of The Gambia.
The Gambia is officially declared as a state of the Malian Imperial Federation
Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Miwok-, Gaia Major
[list][list]FRENCH PARLIAMENT AUTHORIZES HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT
4 March 1959 - Paris, French Republic, French Union[/list][/list]
| At the insistence of President Charles de Gaulle and other leading Gaullist figures, the National Assembly of the French Republic has officially passed the National Roadways, Highways, and Waterways Act of 1959 which has been aimed at the development of a nation-wide infrastructural overhaul of the Republic's transportation systems. The bill, put before the Assembly by Assemblyman Rodolphe Chaufourier from Aveyron Department, was passed in the legislature 399-77 in a near completely bi-partisan vote early this Wednesday morning during a vote held after a meeting of the government and President de Gaulle's cabinet. The bill has authorized the funding of $15b into the construction of transportation-based public works throughout the Republic, including the Overseas Departments, and has established a National Transportation Classification System establishing three major types of transportation routes: Roadways, Highways, and Waterways. |
| Taking inspiration from the American Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, the National Roadways, Highways, and Waterways Act was passed with the goal of modernizing France's somewhat old, primarily rail-based national transportation infrastructure with an automobile-focused, high-capacity network. Passively, the Act's new National Transportation Classification System will be established and headquartered in Paris as an agency of the Ministry of Transport. The National Transportation Classification System will be responsible for categorizing and labelling all pre-existing transportation networks along a new guideline, and ensuring that all future routes fall within one of the categories. The categories, per the bill, are as follows: |
[list][*] Roadway: A paved road capable of directing automobiles in at least one direction within an area or locale with the express purpose of travel via automobile with a speed limit of no greater than 70/kmh.
[*] Highway: A paved road, with at least three lanes, spanning multiples locales, settlements, or Departments capable of transporting automobiles or military-grade vehicles in two directions with a speed limit of no greater than 160/kmh.
[*] Railway: A track or any network of systems by which a train may travel.
[*] Waterway: A canal, river, or established maritime route capable of transporting multiple vessels at a single time.[/list]
| Per the bill, $15bn has been directed from the treasury to the French Government to allow the government to authorize the construction of national highway systems across the nation. According to the law's guidelines, the new highway systems should provide for easy, high-density travel across French territories and will also be designed with national defense in mind: in a time of war, the bill expressly states that the national highways should be able to successfully land and take off military aircraft and be capable of transporting, effectively, military columns of infantry and armor. Highways shall be constructed over the coming ten years in the Metropole, Algeria, and Guyana once the bill is signed into law by President de Gaulle later tonight. The National Highways, along with most waterways, shall be maintained financially via taxes, as well as by toll money which all drivers shall have to pay if using the highways. |
Val Verde-, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Miwok-, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
Peru Tribune
"Your Reliable Source of Peruvian News since 1921."
April 15, 1959
Peruvian Advancement and Cooperation Organization Founded
[list]The Peruvian Advancement and Cooperation Organization has been founded on the 10th of this month. The purpose of this organization, abbreviated as PACO, is to provide private companies and organizations with spaces to conduct research and development of technology. PACO, within its contractual terms, specify that the technology and research conducted at PACO shall not be obligated to be shared with the Peruvian governments or companies. These terms were set up as a means of enticing foreign companies to conduct R&D in Peru at cheap prices, without requiring them to share or give up technology. The first PACO complex is located at Coropuna. Construction of the facility will begin next month and shall consist of 121 facilities that shall be able to handle many different kinds of research. The Peruvian government has applauded the efforts of PACO, which has granted PACO a vast amount of authority over the locations of PACO facilities. PACO has already reserved fifteen facilities for use by Peruvian research companies for a wide range of research, from computer technology to jet research. PACO has hired three separate private security companies to maintain the security of the PACO facilities. In addition, PACO, will respect the privacy of any and all client companies that use its facilities.[/list]
Peruvian Economy Beginning Second Industrial Boom
[list]The Peruvian economy is beginning a second industrial revolution. This has been caused by the relatively low importation of industrial products from foreign countries, which Peru needs. As a result, many factories are popping up in order to fulfil the industrial demands of Peru. These companies have sought to remove Peru's demand of foreign industrial products and to make Peruvian industrial products and commercial goods cheaper than that of foreign competition. The Peruvian Economic Commission has released economic figures that predict that Industrial goods may become a major part of the Peruvian economy within the next decade. The Peruvian government has admitted that it wants to become the economic power of South America, a goal which would require this second industrial revolution to succeed. Time will tell, but the future looks bright for Peru.[/list]
Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[list][list]QUEBEC ACCEDES TO THE FRENCH UNION
14 February 1958 - Spencer Wood House, City of Quebec, Capitale-Nationale, Republic of Quebec[/list][/list]
| After months of negotiations between the newly established independent Republic of Quebec and French President Charles de Gaulle, the Legislature of the Republic of Quebec has ratified the Treaty of Association with the French Union which has today been signed by Premier Marcel Chaput and President Charles de Gaulle in a very public, popular ceremony within the City of Quebec. Present at the signing of the Treaty, alongside Premier Chaput and President de Gaulle, were many notable Quebecois and French officials including National Defense Minister Pierre Messmer, Quebecois Minister of the Armies Gen. Jean Victor Allard, French Foreign Minister Bernard Cornut-Gentille, and former Quebecois Premier Maurice Duplessis alongside 10,000 Quebecois Republican Guardsmen and 15,000 Quebecois infantry regulars. In a public ceremony at the garden in front of the Premier's residence in Sillery, Premier Marcel Chaput and President de Gaulle both signed the treaty bringing Quebec into the French Union as an Integrated Nation, recognizing it as a nation within the French (Republican) State while maintaining its own national autonomy. As part of the French Republic, its foreign affairs will be managed by President Charles de Gaulle and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and will be represented fully within the National Assembly of France- however, in line with its own National Autonomy, the Republic of Quebec retains its own local constitution and government and may create and enforce laws not in direct opposition to the Constitution of the French Republic. |
| A crowd of 150,000 gathered in Sillery to witness the signing, mostly members and supporters of the Rally of the Quebecois People, the openly Gaullist ruling party of the Republic of Quebec and the political front most responsible for achieving Quebec's independence from the United Kingdom. Quebec's joining of the French Union, an organization designed to keep Francophone states tightly interlaced and cooperative, was not so much a question of 'if' and more a question of 'when' following the RPF's victory in the 1956 Quebecois General Election, decisively beating the formerly dominant Conservative and Liberal parties as a dark horse third party. In late December of last year, just weeks after the ratification of Quebecois independence, Marcel Chaput's Foreign Ministry officially confirmed that negotiations had been underway since the day immediately after independence between Quebec, the French Union, and the French Republic. The issue, though somewhat divisive between supporters and opponents, has widely been supported by a vast majority of the Quebecois population who view access to the Franc as a currency and guarantee of defense by the French military as vastly outweighing the loss of foreign autonomy. |
| Per the agreements of the treaty, the Quebecois Republic shall phase out the Quebecois Dollar for the Quebecois Franc, which shall be pegged to the French Franc and be directly exchangeable with the Saar Franc, the Tunisian Franc, the Moroccan Franc, the Central African Franc, the West African Franc, and all other currencies pegged to the Franc. Additionally, tariffs between the Republic of Quebec and the French Republic will be reduced completely, and all intranational trade between the Republic of Quebec and the French Republic shall be handled directly by the corresponding French Ministries such as the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Transportation, etc. The Quebecois Ministry of Finances and Ministry of Transportation will still manage financial and trade services on a local level within the Republic of France- internationally, beyond the French Union, the French Union will manage the Quebecois Republic's trade and financial affairs, as it does with all other French Union states and territories. Quebec will retain its own standing armed forces, the Armed Forces of Quebec, and its branches the Quebecois Army, Quebecois Navy, Quebecois Air Force, the Quebecois Marines and the Republican Guard and will be able to utilize the Armed Forces internally as normal. Beyond Quebec, the Armed Forces of Quebec shall be integrated into the French Union Defense Structure, consisting of units and groups from the various French Union member militaries available for deployment as a multi-national task force. As Integrated Nation of the French Republic, rather than a Member State of the French Union, the Armed Forces of Quebec will be trained by and stationed with the French Armed Forces with the authorization of both the Premier of Quebec and the President of the French Republic. The Quebecois Republic shall accede to NATO as part of the French Republic, and be guaranteed full protection by the Treaty Organization as a North Atlantic State as well. |
| The French Republic, for its part, will impose taxes within Quebec as with other Integrated Nations of the French Union. In return, Quebecois citizens will have access to National Healthcare Service and other social program, and will receive public works programs such as infrastructure renewal programs. To manage the defense of Quebec, the French Armed Forces will begin stationing garrisons of troops from the Metropole in Quebec - the 4th Infantry Division of the 2nd Army will be stationed in Quebec, with headquarters in Quebec City and a barracks in nearby Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier. Additionally, an Air Force Base in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu recently vacated by the Royal Air Force will begin being utilized by the French Air Force, housing a rotating air wing of FAI Senones, Dassault Super Mystères, and FAI Horreur long-range bombers, among other light aircraft. The French Navy will not, at this time, be provided a permanent naval base within Quebec, but has full right to utilize and base at Quebecois Navy bases along the St. Lawrence River or in the far north at the Hudson Bay. In the future, the French Armed Forces also maintains the right, per the Treaty, to station nuclear weapons and ballistic missile systems within the Republic of Quebec for defense purposes. |
| After the signing of the Treaty, Premier Chaput and President de Gaulle oversaw a parade of the Quebecois Republic Guard, a quasi-reserve, quasi-special forces branch of the Armed Forces of Quebec in front of the Government House before travelling by limousine into the city, visiting government officials at the Hôtel du Parlement and waving at a crowd of nearly a million Quebecois gathered to see the two populist leaders gathered together. After speaking to Parliamentary officials at the Parliament Building, the two leaders then travelled to the Citadelle, a large historic military monument, where a gun salute was bestowed upon them. Here, de Gaulle and Chaput both delivered short speeches wishing for a prosperous future as Quebec returns to the French motherland, enshrining policy goals, and swearing to continue to uphold Quebecois democracy and nationhood. |
| As both a member state of the French Union, and an Integrated Nation of the French Republic, the Quebecois Republic will de facto hold a seat on the United Nations Permanent Security Council, as the Premier of Quebec will serve as an advisory to the President of the French Union(distinct from the President of the French Republic, but with de Gaulle currently serving as both) alongside the other French Union heads of state: Sultan Mohammad V and President Habib Bourguiba. Elections for the Quebecois Department's seats in the French Republic's National Assembly and Senate will be held going into April; in preparation for the election, the RPQ has announced that its candidates for the National Assembly and the Senate will run as members of the RPF to allow for cohesion between the two Gaullist camps. The Quebecois Conservative Party and Quebecois Liberal Party are both running candidates for the election, but are expected to only win a few, if any, seats. |
Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Miwok-, Teymour, Gaia Major, Prussia Poland, Zemlyakavkaz
July 1959
A Shift to Third Positionism
The National Front Manifesto
The Twenty-Six Point Program of the National Front
NATION - UNITY - EMPIRE
1. We believe in the supreme reality of Mali. The strengthening, elevating, and magnifying of
this reality is the urgent collective goal of all Malians. Individual, group, and class interests
must inexorably give way in order to achieve this goal.
2. Mali has a single destiny in the world. Every conspiracy against this common unity is repulsive. Any kind of separatism is a crime which we shall not pardon. The existing
Constitution, to the degree that it encourages disintegration, weakens this common destiny of Mali. Therefore we demand its annulment in a thundering voice.
3. We have the determination to build an Imperial Federation. We affirm that Malis historic fulfilment lies in the Federation. We claim for Mali a pre-eminent position in West Africa. We can tolerate neither
international isolation nor foreign interference. As regards the countries of West Africa, we
favour unification of their culture, economic interests and power. Mali will continue to act as the spiritual axis of the West African world as a sign of her pre-eminence in regional enterprises.
4. Our armed forces- on land, sea, and in the air- must be kept trained and sufficiently large to
assure to Mali at all times its complete independence and a status in Africa that befits it. We
shall bestow upon our Armed Forces of land, sea, and air all the dignity they merit, and we shall
cause their military conception of life to infuse every aspect of Malian life.
5. Mali shall once more seek her glory and her wealth on the sea lanes. Mali must aspire to
become a great trading power, we must therefore for reasons of both defense and commerce establish a befitting navy.
STATE - INDIVIDUAL - LIBERTY
6. Our State will be an authoritarian democratic instrument to defend the integrity of the fatherland. All
Malians will participate in this through their various family, municipal, and syndical roles. The Political Parties will be chained and restrained to prevent another tragic coup like the one seen in 58
7. Human dignity, integrity, and freedom are eternal, intangible values. But one is not really free
unless he is a part of a strong and free nation. No one will be permitted to use his freedom against the nation, which is the bulwark of the fatherland's freedom. Rigorous discipline will prevent any attempt to envenom and disunite the Malian people or to incite them against the
destiny of the fatherland.
8. The National-Syndicalist State will permit all kinds of private initiative that are compatible
with the collective interest, and it will also protect and encourage the profitable ones.
ECONOMY - LABOUR - CLASS STRUGGLE
9. Our conception of Mali in the economic realm is that of a gigantic syndicate of producers.
We shall organise Malian society corporatively through a system of vertical syndicates for the
various fields of production, all working toward national economic unity.
10. We repudiate the capitalistic system which shows no understanding of the needs of the
people, dehumanises private property, and causes workers to be lumped together in a shapeless,
miserable mass of people who are filled with desperation. We shall redirect the impetuousness of those working classes who today are led astray, and we shall seek to bring them into direct participation in
fulfilling the great task of the national state.
11. The National-Syndicalist State will not cruelly stand apart from man's economic struggles,
nor watch impassively while the strongest class dominates the weakest. Our regime will
eliminate the very roots of class struggle, because all who work together in production shall
comprise one single organic entity. We reject and we shall prevent at all costs selfish interests from abusing others, and we shall halt anarchy in the field of labour relations.
12. The first duty of wealth- and our State shall so affirm- is to better the conditions of the people. It is intolerable that enormous masses of people should live wretchedly while a small number enjoy all kinds of luxuries.
13. The State will recognise private property as a legitimate means for achieving individual, family, and social goals, and will protect it against the abuses of large-scale finance capital, speculators, and money lenders.
14. We shall support the trend toward nationalisation of banking services and, through a system
of Corporations, the great public utilities.
15. All Malians have the right to work. Public agencies must of necessity provide support for
those who find themselves in desperate straits. As we proceed toward a totally new structure, we
shall maintain and strengthen all the advantages that existing social legislation gives to workers.
16. Unless they are disabled, all Malians have the duty to work. The National-Syndicalist State
will not give the slightest consideration to those who fail to perform some useful function and
who try to live as drones at the expense of the labour of the majority of people.
LAND
17. We must, at all costs, raise the standard of living in the countryside, which is Malis
permanent source of food. To this end, we demand agreement that will bring to culmination
without further delay the economic and social reforms of the agricultural sector.
18. Our program of economic reforms will enrich agricultural production by means of the
following:
By assuring a minimum remuneration to all agricultural producers.
By demanding that there be restored to the countryside, in order to provide it with an adequate
endowment, a portion of that which the rural population is paying to the cities for intellectual and
commercial services.
By organising a truly national system of agricultural credit which will lend money to farmers at
low interest against the guarantee of their property and crops, and redeem them from usury and
local tyrants.
By spreading education with respect to better methods of farming and sheep raising.
By ordering the rational utilisation of lands in accordance with their suitability and with
marketing possibilities.
By adjusting tariff policy in such a way as to protect agriculture and the livestock industry.
By accelerating reclamation projects. By rationalising the units of cultivation, so as to
eliminate wasted estates and uneconomic, minuscule plots.
19. Our program of social reforms in the field of agriculture will be achieved:
By redistributing arable land in such a way as to revive family farms and give energetic
encouragement to the syndicalisation of farm labourers.
By redeeming from misery those masses of people who presently are barely eking out a living on
sterile land, and by transferring such people to new and arable lands.
20. We shall undertake a relentless campaign of reforestation and livestock breeding, and we
shall punish severely those who resist it. We shall support the compulsory, temporary
mobilisation of all Malian youth for this historic goal of rebuilding the national commonwealth.
21. The State may expropriate without indemnity lands of those owners who either acquired
them or exploited them illegally.
22. It will be the primary goal of the National-Syndicalist State to rebuild the communal
patrimonies of the towns.
NATIONAL EDUCATION - RELIGION
23. It shall be the essential mission of the State to attain by means of rigorous disciplining of
education a strong, united national spirit, and to instil in the souls of future generations a sense of
rejoicing and pride in the fatherland.
All men shall receive pre-military training to prepare them for the honour of being enlisted in the
National and Popular Army of Mali.
24. Cultural life shall be organised so that no talent will be undeveloped because of insufficient
economic means. All who merit it shall be assured ready access to a higher education.
25. Our Movement incorporates the Muslim meaning- of glorious tradition, and especially in
Mali- of national reconstruction. The Church and the State will co-ordinate their respective
powers so as to permit no interference or activity that may impair the dignity of the State or
national integrity.
NATIONAL REVOLUTION
26. The National Front demands a new order, as set forth in the foregoing principles. In the face of the resistance from the present order, it calls for a cultural, social, and economic revolution to implant this new order. Its method of procedure will be direct, bold, and combative. Life signifies the art and science of warfare and must be lived with a spirit that is
purified by service and sacrifice.
Xaverium, Otsla, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major
NDIQNI PARAROJËN E POPULLIT DERI NË VITIN E MBARËSISË! FOLLOW THE PEOPLE'S VANGUARD TO THE YEAR OF PROSPERITY![/B]
[sub]April-May 1959 | Republika Demokratike Popullore e Shqipërisë[/sub]
[I]After Prime Minister Boshnjaku publicly announced his esteemed National Plan a month earlier, Albanians across the country were engrossed with the concept, ever so emboldened in his literary elements engrained within the national plan itself, was the Viti i Mbarësisë or the "Year of Auspice". The generation of Albanians thus far in the world's historical course have endured substantial hardship at the hands of foreign powers, something that Boshnjaku's electric oratory swore openly to a crowd of tens of thousands in Tirana, would never take place again. His 'plan' swore by it.
'Plani Boshnjaku' also swore that by Viti i Mbarësisë, all Albanian families and individuals in the entire country would be housed and that simultaneously, homelessness would seemingly be eradicated from Albanian society. Within a month of this promise, construction began on at least seven confirmed Kompleksi i Strehimit Komunal (KSK), or "Communal Housing Complexes" in multiple cities across the country. Each individual KSK would inherit the name of memorialized Albanian partisans that participated in the liberation of and expulsion of Fascist elements from Albania. Their sacrifices and martyrdom to be forever recalled with national pride. Though unconfirmed, it is speculated that each communal housing complex will have the space and resources necessary to adequately sustain anywhere between 118 and 300 families. The complexes will have a campus-like layout with adjacent buildings hosting basic recreational facilities and other necessary commodities including communal gymnasiums, libraries, grocer outlets, children's playgrounds, youth organizations, a people's commissariat, educational, employment, and horticultural centers, paramilitary training facilities, even a communal armory with enough weapons, ammunition to equip every single family within a given KSK. The defense and maintenance of the communal housing complex's various facilities and resources is ultimately the responsibility of the families, the people, whom occupy that space.
Through the Kompleksi i Strehimit Komunal system, the Bashkimi Patriotik Revolucionar aims to promote autarkist-style people's communes throughout Albania as an alternative to general city-dwelling, as well as toward rural subsistence life, as somewhat of a middle ground for both. An additional premise of the KSK system was to effectively eliminate blood feuds and revenge killings, traditions that have long existed in Albanian culture and has continued to carry on largely in the rural countryside and mountainous regions. If brought together to communal space, it is believed that being forced to work and live together with several other families will force these stubborn traditions to die in light of employment opportunity and higher standard of living. Since revenge killing is illegal in the RDP Shqipërisë, the government believes that having these families in a centralized location will help prevent revenge killings and blood feuds, as well as providing and promoting basic necessities, food goods, generally assuring the well-being of the people.
The seven Communal Housing Complexes approved for construction will be completed by 1962 and fully stocked with families by 1965. Should the seven initial communities manage to prove a success, it is likely more KSK's will be approved by Tirana in anticipation of Viti i Mbarësisë. To Prime Minister Boshnjaku, this was the first major leap toward Marxist Utopian reality.
The second leap, however, relied on the nation's splendor of natural resources, namely it's oil and gas fields. Operational oil wells and fields already contributed to the national economy from Patos-Marinza and Drizë, since 1930 and 1940 respectively. Despite this, Albania's second largest discovered oil reserves, in Kuçovë, have yet to become operational due to many setbacks in recent history including both World Wars. The discovery of the oil reserves at Kuçovë date back to 1928, according to earliest known records of oil prospecting activity in the region. The Prime Minister's National Plan leading up to the Year of Auspice sets forth the planning and construction of a large-scale oil field in Kuçovë beginning in 1960 at earliest. Upon completion in 1962, Kuçovë will become the official second largest on-shore oil field in Albania, with it's proven reserves estimated at an upwards of 490 million barrels, petrol analytics predict the Kuçova oil field will produce an average of 1,000 barrels per day. The state-owned company, National Fuel and Petroleum, commonly referred to in Albania as KNK, was approved funding for the project within months of the implementation of Plani Boshnjaku. Side-by-side with the announcement of the to be constructed Kuçovë oil field, his plan also mentioned approving funding for National Fuel and Petroleum to conduct stratigraphic operations of the Visokë, Gorisht-Kocul, Ballsh-Hekal, and Kallm regions, with the intent of discovering more oil reserves between 1960 and 1965. The funding covers the five year period, with additional funding only upon approval from the Revolutionary Patriotic Union for an additional five years.
Month after month, Nexh's plans came to fruition, with Albanians beginning to see massive construction projects across the country, inspiring thoughts and emotions of nationalistic glee in witnessing the advancement of their nation-state into the eventual Utopi Proletare. A combination of Albania's national budget and an influx of Soviet aid making it all possible.
[spoiler=1 9 7 0]Teymour
Lux Lumen[/spoiler]
Xaverium, Otsla, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Prussia Poland
[B]Lisbon , Kingdom of Portugal
[I]The imperial guard is slowly being withdrawn around the kingdom as martial law is now slowly being lifted .
The new monarchy has now been established and government is now in place and secure , Catherine has asked the council to start working on the new economic package so she can review it and get it signed
Catherine is planning on making state visits this week to open up relations with other nations she has several nations on her agenda
The government is also going to work on Queen Catherines new finance plan along with her immigration plan as well which Catherine hopes to sign into law by early next week at the latest,
Catherine hopes that this new packages will be a good start at getting the kingdom back in good shape by at least the end of the year.
Xaverium, Otsla, Liberalina, Waclia, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major
[list]FRANCE EXTENDS ARM TO PORTUGAL
14 August 1959[/list]
| As the Portuguese government increasingly distances itself from the dictatorial and fascistic regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the integration of the Kingdom of Portugal into European affairs - as well as warming ties with the historically British-aligned nation - has become a paramount foreign policy goal for French President Charles de Gaulle. Therefore, with the re-established Kingdom of Portugal settling into its own skin, Charles de Gaulle has extended a hand to Queen Catherine I of Portugal, herself of French lineage through the paternal line. In a sign of international goodwill, the French Embassy in Lisbon has presented the Palácio de Queluz with a gift of a barrel of fine, authentic French champagne and an invitation for a meeting in Algiers. Should the Portuguese Queen accept, the two heads of state will meet in the Palais Républicain, the official residence of the President of France in Algeria. |
Xaverium, Liberalina, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major
[list]NOVEMBER 1958
CAIRO, UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC MIDDLE EAST[/list]
[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة
Strong & Just Nation!
FROM THE NILE TO THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN[/pre][/sub]
[/list][/list]
[list][sub]"Esteemed members of the National Assembly of the United Arab Republic, let me begin by expressing my thanks to the President of the UAR, the Honourable Jamal Abdel Nasser, for lending such a warm ear to the important task of renewed Arab-Japanese relations. My travels through those great lands of yours, undeniably Arab soil, has reminded me that the ancient glory of Arab civilization springs eternal to this day. The United Arab Republic and Japan, as the twin heirs of their own formidable civilizations, lush with scientific and artistic prowess, are in that regard very similar nations. This kinship is only reinforced by our parallel course today; that of advancing our nations with the sole goal of attaining peace and prosperity."[/sub]
[sub]"I come to you, Assemblymen and Arabs, with the agreements which we have negotiated, on behalf of Japan, with President Jamal Abdel Nasser. These agreements, setting forth to establish cordial and friendly relations between Tokyo and Cairo, are the base stone upon which we shall build the pyramids of prosperity which tomorrow shall accommodate for all willing peoples across the Earth. With the peaceful exchange of Arab resources and Japan's manufactured goods, we have entered into a new age of peaceful co-development, wherein war and threat is not a possibility for the growth of one's nation. Growth can only spring from the peaceful trade and exchanges of commodities, and willing cooperation between the nations, large and small, of our world. It is in such spirit that Japan will also invest in the UAR's new industries, which show the promise of a radiant industrial power in the Middle-East."[/sub]
[sub]"My intimate belief lays in just, peaceful, and friendly development across the world. The global wars and the enmities that have torn it apart for so long have had a direct impact upon Japan; and I belief the Arabs also know much, too much, about the terrible consequences that war brings. In this spirit, we Japanese have resolved to never again use strength, coercion, or gunpowder to establish our prosperity. Today, as I conclude a lengthy voyage that brought me from Europe to the Middle-East, I want to send a message to the world, on behalf of the Japanese people : The New Japan that blooms before you is one adamant to see peace in the world. Therefore, Japanese foreign policy shall now be underpinned by one principle, that of fair and equitable commerce between sovereign nations, for it is only the global enrichment of various people across the world that will lift millions out of poverty, and benefit their societies. The wonders of modern science have enabled us to make use of new technics and embrace progress not as a way to develop more deadly weapons, but more accurate machinery, more efficient production chains, and larger ships on which to transport our goods. We believe that the future to a prosperous relationship between all nations, in Asia, the Middle-East and beyond, lies in this promise of peaceful trade and mutual investment geared toward national development. And so it is in this spirit that I conclude my enlightening journey, confident that our abilities to forge bonds of prosperity and amity will outlast any other, and herald a new age for our two nations."[/sub]
- NOBUSUKE KISHI[/list]
[/list]
[list][list][sub]Japan's premier Kishi becomes the first official Head of State to publicly visit the United Arab Republic, as he lands at Cairo airport on November 11th, to be welcomed by President Jamal Abdel Nasser. The Prime-Minister was given the distinct honour and privilege to perform an address before the National Assembly, speaking on the importance of Arab-Japanese relations, and hinting at the commonality of socioeconomic and political interests between the two countries. Japan has played a significant, yet underappreciated role in shaping the Middle East. As the first non-European state to industrialize and to defeat another European state in open conflict in 1905, Japan was the subject of inspiration to anti-colonial activists such as Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani and Mohammed Abduh. Japan's power was to become a symbol of what could be achieved in the Middle East, in the eyes of some Arab, Persian, Central Asian and Turkish intellectuals, who sought to model plans of national development on the Japanese experience. The first Japanese translation of the Qur'an was done by Sakamoto Kenichi in 1920, thereby accomplishing a major step in enhanced bicultural ties that would manifest in the linking of the Pan-Asian agenda to Islam, as proposed by figures such as Shumei Okawa, in his 1942 essay: "Introduction to Islam". However, the current government in Cairo lacks any direct connection to these intellectual efforts, and while it may acknowledge the existence of past ideological currents, Nasser is looking for cooperation beyond political rhetoric and in socioeconomic fields. For its part, Japan's government, still dealing with the legacy of the belligerence of their predecessors in the Second World War, is seeking to break out of diplomatic isolation. In the Middle East, this means securing commercial ties with the Arab National Oil Company (or ANOC). Japan, which wants to enhance its industrial base, lacks any significant hydrocarbon deposits within its own territory. Therefore outsourcing its energy needs to states such as the UAR, which possesses some of the largest known hydrocarbon reserves, solve the issue of energy needs while also building external partnerships. The United Arab Republic is seeking technical help, from established companies such as Japan Steel Works and Kobe Steel, in creating domestic heavy industry and metal works. This point would be emphasized, as Prime-Minister Kishi's main stopping points during his visit would be the extensive industrial installations at Helwan and the site of the ongoing Qattara Depression project. Another matter of discussion was the possible abolishing of trade restrictions, such as tariffs, to permit the introduction of Japanese goods into the markets of the Arab middle class. The likely implementation of such a policy, will also expose domestic manufacturers to the latest commercial products in fields such as automation and electronics. In the long-term, this would pave the way for further commercial investments from Japan in the manufacturing sector.
[/sub][/list][/list]
Arcanda, Xaverium, Otsla, Liberalina, Not Xav, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Gaia Major
[list][list]June, 1958
ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍɪɴɢ ᴏꜰ ᴀ ꜱᴛᴏʀᴍ!
𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐒𝐎𝐍 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐈𝐑
𝘓𝘌𝘉𝘈𝘕𝘖𝘕, 𝘉𝘌𝘙𝘜𝘐𝘛 بيروت, 𝘚𝘈𝘕𝘈𝘠𝘌𝘏 صنائع, 𝘊𝘌𝘕𝘛𝘙𝘈𝘓 𝘋𝘈𝘠𝘛𝘐𝘔𝘌[/list][/list]
|[sup]Beirut, the Paris of the middle east some would say. Over its 5,000-year-old existence, the city is becoming a major tourist destination and a banking haven, the streets come to life at night with the metropolitan's visiting the various clubs spread out throughout the city. Compared to the rest of the Arab world, Beruit seems incredibly alien, only reinforced by how open the people are in terms of social interactions between different sexes, ethnicities, and religious groups. That openness however has slowly faded year by year, since the country's independence from France. The National Pact made to secure balance amongst the various political factions within the country was deteriorating. Lebanon's current president, Camille Chamoun, has nothing but stress on his plate nowadays. Having taken power from his predecessor, Bechara El Khoury, due to corruption allegations in 1952, Chamoun was elected to replace him. During his six-year tenure, Chamoun had gone through not one, two, or even three, but nine prime ministers. The main catalyst being the fact that the Prime Minister of Lebanon, under the guise of the National Pact, must be Sunni. Sunni politicians were not always able to justify their association with his politics to their constituencies and popular power base. Now in June, his tenure is coming to an end, yet his work is not finished. Chamoun fearing that the next elections could bring in a new national parliament that would favor unification with the UAR, decided that he would seek another term as president illegally, which was not permitted in the Constitution of Lebanon, he came out publically with his intentions in May. Those who disliked him such as the Communists and Muslims, took immediate action by mass protestesting in Beirut. To which Chamoun reacted with violance. Chamoun would do anything and everything to secure the sovereignty of Lebanon from the clutches of Nasser. Even if that meant having to get his hands in the muck.[/sup]|
|[sup]With the sudden rise of Nasser and the UAR's subsequent expansion all over the Arab World, the feeling of dread grew much deeper. Syria's ascension into the UAR only made things worse, as the move emboldened the pro-Nasserist party, the Al-Mourabitoun, to further expand their political activities in public and their counterparts also increase their political efforts to counter them. The Kataeb Party of Lebanon, although relatively new to Lebanon, was a natural ally to Chamoun as they were against his political rivals. Following the doctrine of Falangism, they scorned the Communists for obvious reasons and they stuck their noses to any notion of being apart of the Arab World. For their doctrine proclaims that Lebanon's people are not Arabs, rather they are the direct descendants of the Phoenician civilization. The Kataeb arguably boasted not only the largest and best organized political paramilitary force in Lebanon but also the oldest. It was founded in 1937 as the "Militants' organization", under the Party leadership of Pierre Gemayel and financed by Lebanese-American glass industrialist, William Hawi. Another big ally of Chamoun, was ironically the SSNP, despite the fact the SSNP in Lebanon in the past had caused much trouble for previous governments. But both groups mutually saw Nasser and the UAR as the bigger threat, thus they would cooperate until further notice. The SSNP exile from Syria almost destroyed the movement as lack of leadership made the party splinter into smaller sub-factions. However, Ghassan Jadid, a prominent party member of Autoun's inner circle back in Syria was able to save the party from doom. Slowly licking its wounds, the SSNP went underground to reorganize itself and is looking to make a big comeback. However, the SSNP has a long way to go as the political field has dramatically changed, with old rivals growing and new ones appearing on the scene.[/sup]|
|[sup]During the first two decades of Lebanon's independence, the Lebanese Communists saw little to no success in Lebanon's political field. Not helping was the party's inconsistent policies on Pan-Arabism and the Nasserite movement that was spreading like wildfire. Nasser's pro-western diplomacy and rants against the USSR only increased the party's negative view of him. Another factor in the LCP's negative view of things, was their interpreted betrayal from the Syrian Communist Party as they sided with Nasser despite his inherent allegiance to the West. This left such a sour taste in the LCP that they even began slandering and attacking the Al-Mourabitoun in their newspaper the Al-Nidaa, as they saw them as Nasserite spies. The general plan for the LCP as of now is to start changing their dialogue to a more nationalists view of Lebanon, to counter the Kataeb and SSNP rhetoric. As for the Al-Mourabitoun, barely founded in 1957, they are the official UAR foothold in Lebanon and Chamouns biggest threat. Despite being very new, the movement has only grown stronger and stronger as the months pass away. Due in large part to the UAR's great success in 'liberating' vast swaths of the Arab World. The movement is lead by Ibrahim Kulaylat, a dedicated follower of Nasser, and by some people's words, an 'Arab Patriot'. Under his leadership, the movement was able to rally a majority of Lebanon's Sunni and Shia Muslims, even getting support from left-wing Christians. Their armed wing of the movement is the Al-Murabitun or The Sentinels, 4,000 strong and well-armed thanks to their connections in Syria arming them to the teeth. They are decently trained and highly motivated thanks to a steady supply of Pan-Arabist music and propaganda. All that's needed is the spark to light their revolution. The Progressive Socialist Party or PSP was founded by six individuals, all of different backgrounds. The most notable of these was Kamal Jumblatt a Druze. The others were Farid Jubran, Albert Adeeb, Abdallah Alayli, Fouad Rizk, and George Hanna. The PSP was a socialist party espousing secularism and officially opposed to the sectarian character of Lebanese politics. In practice, it has been led and largely supported since its foundation by various segments of Lebanese society, especially members of the Druze community, and the Jumblatt clan in particular. Despite the parties' leanings, Kamal Jumblatt was a supporter of Chamoun originally but due to his anti-Nasserist stances, he began opposing him openly. Jumblatt even began to organize a party militia, the People's Liberation Army, though the PLA is still in the works.[/sup]|
{This post was made by Otsla}
[spoiler=✯ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴇᴇɴ ʙᴀɴɴᴇʀ! ✯]
Lux Lumen[/spoiler]
Xaverium, Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Miwok-, Teymour, Gaia Major, 2Nd New England Commonwealth, Prussia Poland
[B]Office of the foreign Minister
[I]Queen Catherine, accepts the gift of the wine from the French government and is very pleased with there gesture of friendship,
The Queen will accept a meeting in Algiers with President De Gaulle as she is wanting to open te kingdom up and establish good relations with foreign governments.
The Queen sends The French President a gift basket of Portuguese pastries and sends a letter stating she will meet with him in Algiers., she gets ready to make her way to Algeria.
Liberalina, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Gaia Major
[list][list]PALAIS RÉPUBLICAIN, ALGIERS, FRENCH ALGERIA
16 August 1959[/list][/list]
| After Her Majesty's arrival with her entourage in Algiers, a French military convoy escorts them from Maison Blanche Airport into the Quartier du Gouvernement where de Gaulle and his staff lie in wait at the Palais Républicain. After the convoy arrives at the Palace, they are given a gun salute and a welcome by members of the French honor guard before President de Gaulle shakes hands with the Queen. After the two heads of state go into a meeting room, de Gaulle introduces himself via his translator. |
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Your Majesty, it is a pleasure and an honor to host you here today. I trust that the trip was pleasant and without incident?"[/list]
Liberalina, Not Xav, Gaia Major, Prussia Poland, Zemlyakavkaz
[list][list]FRANCO-LIBYAN SUMMIT
21 August 1959 - Qasr Milkiun, Benghazi, Kingdom of Libya[/list][/list]
| At the insistence of Foreign Minister Bernard Cornut-Gentille, a meeting Libya's King Idris I and French President Charles de Gaulle has been set up at the Royal Palace in Benghazi, one of the Libyan Kingdom's two capitals. Still in North Africa following his meeting with Portuguese Queen Catherine I in Algiers, de Gaulle departs from Maison Blanche Airport for Benghazi's Soluch Airfield, arriving some hours later early in the morning. After a state procession, the two heads of state meet within one of the Palace's lavish offices. |
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'Asalamualaikum, your Majesty. I extend my utmost gratitude for your willingness to meet face to face."[/list]
Not Xav, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list][list]【𝐁𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐮 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐬 é𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠è𝐫𝐞𝐬】
[list]ᴇᴍᴇʀɢᴇɴᴄʏ ᴛᴇʟᴇɢʀᴀᴍ ᴛᴏ,
ᴘʀᴇꜱɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴄʜᴀʀʟᴇꜱ ᴅᴇ ɢᴀᴜʟʟᴇ[/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list][/list]
[pre]To his excellency and my dear friend, Charles de Gaulle. I wish this letter was a casual one, but I must be forward with your excellency, for the situation in Lebanon is rapidly spiraling out of control. While I understand that France is a friend of Nasser and the UAR, Lebanon must not be forgotten. Lebanon since its independence has always been cordial with France and we wish to remain so, however, I need assurance that Nasser will know better than to attempt to absorb Lebanon into the UAR, for Lebanon's people seek to keep their independence. Thus, I would like to request your excellency aid in keeping Nasser in line.[/pre]
Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[list][sup]AUGUST 1959[/sup]
THE VIRGIN LANDS CAMPAIGN[/list]
___
[sup]MOSCOW, RUSSIAN SFSR, USSR[/sup]
___
| As the Decade Plan continues to build up the nation, It has now become possible to smooth out agricultural imbalances in the country, food shortages plague the Union and are the source of the starvation of many of its citizens. Comrade Mikoyan has decided enough is enough and a permanent solution to the must be found. He ordered the meeting of a central committee group to assess the possible actions that could be done. Many agronomists and agricultural specialists from across the union met up with the General Secretary and soon two possibilities formed. One was the ideas of Malenkov from years ago, instead of boosting agriculture in new areas, areas already cultivated would be made more productive. This would be a safe option but it alone wouldn't be able to solve the food shortage. That's where the second idea comes in, uncultivated lands on right bank of the Volga, in the northern Caucasus, in Western Siberia, and in Northern Kazakhstan would be built up, local agronomists from the targeted regions would be frequently consulted on what crops to use and in what ways, a mix of local workers and Muscovites would be hired to cultivate the new lands, however most would be local peasants. This is to stop resentment from the locals and to provide jobs for locals alongside Muscovites that can be spared. |
| The SSRs and ASSR's would be consulted on the "Virgin Lands Campaign" before its announcement in order to get their approval of the project, and their full cooperation. It was Mikoyan's belief that if they weren't told beforehand useful uncultivated lands would be withheld out of petty anger, and if locals weren't used to work on these new farms again the SSRs and ASSRs would be angry and see this as Russian Colonization and not a Union-wide effort, so most farmers hired in the Campaign will be locals. Another benefit of that would be that the locals know how to use their local land much more efficiently than inexperienced Muscovites do. A large issue with Central Asia and many other areas was a lack of local water, many proposed expensive and long term irrigation projects to reverse the course of rivers into Central Asia to solve the water problem, but the idea of using windmills to draw out groundwater was proposed, it would be much quicker and less expensive to implement and so it was. Again local agronomists would be consulted on what crops would be most beneficial to use in the targeted regions, the last thing the Central Government wanted was the crops to die because they aren't suited to the local environment. |
| Grain silos would be built from scratch in the new areas as efficiently as possible so the grain does not get damaged. Along with that would be a general increase in infrastructure in the targeted virgin lands. Much of the necessary infrastructure has already been built because of the Decade Plan but not all of it. The last idea added to the Campaign was the possibility of including the other East Bloc states so they too wouldn't suffer from food shortages and starvations and so it was. They would be consulted alongside the other SSRs and ASSRs before the Campaign would be officially released. With all of this extensive planning by experts the USSR now had the possibility of solving the food shortage for good. Not just merely meeting current population demands but the ability to supply a significant part of the products abroad. We march towards a shining future together, where no man goes hungry! |
___
| "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!" |
___
Val Verde-, Otsla, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
Your Excellency,
[list]The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been monitoring the situation within Lebanon for some time. The intensification of sectarian conflict is, certainly, a worrying trend which the Foreign Ministry has assured me can only lead to national division and instability. The French Union maintains its cordial relations with the United Arab Republic, who have proven themselves to be a firm ally of Western Democratic ideals and a key geopolitical ally in the battle against international communism and the Warsaw Pact. We support their goals and ambitions in the unification of the Arab World as a free, unified, democratic state, but we respect the independence and sovereignty of the states which decline accession into the Republic.
The French Union respects and will guarantee the independence of the Republic of Lebanon so long as the Lebanese government is able to ensure the United Arab Republic, the French Union, the State of Israel, and the international community in general that it is able to properly contain all potential threats including Nasser-aligned groups, Maronite militia organizations, and other non-state sectarian and political organizations. If the Lebanese government is unable to properly maintain the situation within its own borders and allows groups within Lebanon to attack the assets, territory, or citizens of any neighboring states, the states involved and the French Union(if requested) will intervene to ensure the destruction of the groups causing conflict within and beyond Lebanon.
To ensure that the political and civil situation in Lebanon is neutralized and subdued, I offer to you a proposal. The French Union can and, if you agree, will, deploy a multinational peacekeeping force consisting of units of the various French Union member states including the French Republic, the Republic of Tunisia, the Sultanate of Morocco, the Republic of Quebec, etc. to monitor the situation, defend civilian populations and foreign assets, and mediate the conflict. Additionally, the French Union Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall send a delegation to moderate a peace discussion between the various civil, political, and sectarian groups and non-state actors ensuring a beneficial, peaceful compromise is met to meet the various goals of the Lebanese peoples and state.
The French Union Multinational Peacekeeping Force will follow all United Nations regulations as well as international treaties if deployed, and would only be deployed so long as the Lebanese government would allow.
I believe that this peaceful solution is much more beneficial to a long-term independent Lebanon than the alternative, which would be the eventuality of armed intervention by any number of relevant nations if the situation prove unmanageable internally. [/list]
Signed With Cordiality,
THE HONORABLE
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle
President of the French Union, President of the French Republic, Co-Prince of Andorra
Otsla, Kiger, Sadar, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[I]"Salaam, Mr. President. I've eagerly awaited our meeting. I'm hoping that France can assist my governments efforts to improve Libya's situation."[/I]
Czabalkia, Gaia Major
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "Certainly, your Majesty.
The ties between Libya and the French Union have been increased significantly after your approach to our government and industries over the past few years to aid with exploratory efforts regarding oil in the Libyan desert. I believe that this economic cooperation will be the start of a great relationship between the Kingdom and the Union."[/list]
Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[I]"Yes, it definitely seems that way. Despite our forward movements, Libya is still lacking, in several areas. I've struggled to translate the broader economic benefits into benefits for the citizens and people of my country."
Czabalkia, Gaia Major
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: Libyas border with the French Union and the United Arab Republic make it ripe for cooperative economic and development projects which could offer jobs to many hundreds of thousands of Libyans and benefit long term policy goals for all three nations. I understand your Majestys government is on stable terms with the United Arab Republic?[/list]
Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[I]"Stable would be an accurate way of describing it. Good people, but we aren't wishing to join them, at this moment in time."[/I]
Czabalkia, Gaia Major
[pre]Year of the Earth Pig
August, 1959[/pre]
第三世界外交!
Third World Diplomacy!
[sub]At the request of Chairman Mao, who is cognisant of the Malian Imperial Federation's general pivot to the East politically, the Chinese Politburo has seen fit to extend to the Prime Minister of said Federation, Louis Lansana Beavogui, an invitation to visit Peking on a formal state visit, and discuss Chinese support for said Federation at length with Premier Zhou Enlai and potentially the Chairman himself.[/sub]
August 1959
To The East We Go
Despite many seeing the Malian shift to the third position, the PRC has extended a formal invitation to Prime Minister Louis Lansana Beavogui. The Prime Minister has accepted the invitation and will depart to Peking in earnest.
Gaia Major
| Upon the Malian Prime Minister's arrival in the new and modern Beijing Capital International Airport, he was greeted by a welcoming party consisting of Premier Enlai and several of his aides from the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China.
As the Prime Minister's aircraft taxies up to the new terminal, a red carpet is rolled out for it, and the Prime Minister steps out, being greeted by Enlai's warm smile and outstretched hand at the foot of the airstairs.
"Good morning, Mr Prime Minister, and welcome to China! I trust you had an enjoyable flight?"
He escorts the Prime Minister into a waiting Hongqi limousine, in preparation for their conveyance to the site of the summit in Tiananmen Square's Ministry of Foreign Affairs building. |
Prime Minister Louis steps out, returning a warm smile, and a handshake to Enlai, bowing his head slightly.
Good Morning Mr. Enlai, I'll be honest it was one of my first flights, this will be the first Malian visit to any nation outside of our own country. He hurriedly steps into the limousine.
Gaia Major
[pre]Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tiananmen Square, Beijing[/pre]
| Upon arriving in the centre of the city and entering the building, Enlai and his aides escort the Prime Minister into the private reception hall, and he gestures for the man to take a seat.
"Mr Prime Minister, my colleagues in the government of the People's Republic of China and I see in your nation an ally, and potentially even a partner. We are aware, of course, of your shift to national-syndicalist third positionism; however, China is less picky than the Soviet Union or United States in whom we perceive as allies. Your nation has demonstrated a willingness to seek allies outside the traditional French powerbrokers in the region, and a desire to develop and industrialise yourselves to take your place among the great nations of the world. Now in this, I see an opportunity for us both. China seeks to expand its global influence by gaining allies in the Third World, and your nation seeks investment and industrial development- industrial development, I might add, that is reminiscent of our own efforts to transform China into an industrial power in the Great Leap Forward. China is of course both prepared and willing to support your nation financially and materially, including through foreign investment by establishing resource extraction companies in Mali. In short, Prime Minister, China can restore Mali to its natural position as West African hegemon, in return for Mali agreeing to accede to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and thus to further Chinese influence in Africa. I believe it would be mutually beneficial, therefore, for you to posit what Mali requires to make this a reality." |
We are less concerned with Industrialization in West Africa. You see much of the world is shifting to industrialization yet we here in Mali are looking to the past. We are not so much worried about making an industrial powerhouse as we are turning Mali into a great breadbasket for the people of the world. We are interested in aid towards modernizing agriculture and pushing for small consumer goods and resource processing industry. We are not picky either, even as you are communist we wish for allies in the third world like yourself. We are very interested in joining the SCO, we greatly welcome opening economic and even military ties with China.
| I see, it seems I was mistaken. Regardless, China can assist you in that sphere as well, and with our rapidly growing population it may soon be necessary for us to make purchases of foodstuff, in which case your nation, with Chinese agricultural implements and industry fueling a second Green Revolution, will be eminently poised to profit. I am glad to hear you have elected to turn to the past for inspiration; as Confucius so often tells us, it holds much from which we would do well to learn.
Your interest in acceding to the SCO is excellent to hear- as you are, I am sure, aware, you would be entitled to significantly reduced cost of purchase of amaments, industrial equipment, and fertilisers among other things; in addition, as a Chinese treaty ally, you would be entitled to military protection by the PRC under the SCO's mutual defence treaty, as well as the military cooperation that I am happy to hear your interest in, through its joint command structure. Should the Malian Imperial Federation join the SCO, it can rely upon China to support it militarily, economically and diplomatically however possible, as well as prioritise its relations with Mali over other African states; in return, Mali will maintain an exclusive treaty alliance with China, and commit to furthering Chinese influence in Africa, which as part of the Third World is crucial to China's role as the leader thereof. Additionally, you can expect us to fund infrastructure and naval expansion programmes in your nation as and when necessary, since I hear your government seeks to reestablish its position as a naval power. As for consumer goods and resource processing industry, I can promise you a market for Malian raw materials and processed goods in China, since our population is gaining wealth that will soon need to be spent on luxury items and consumer goods rather than necessities of life. What I offer Mali, Mr Prime Minister, is a truly equal partnership. Unlike the superpowers, which maintain alliances for their Cold War chesspieces, China seeks to reassert itself on a global scale not only for its own gain, but for the greater representation of the Third World as a diplomatic force. |
| I see, it seems I was mistaken. Regardless, China can assist you in that sphere as well, and with our rapidly growing population it may soon be necessary for us to make purchases of foodstuff, in which case your nation, with Chinese agricultural implements and industry fueling a second Green Revolution, will be eminently poised to profit. I am glad to hear you have elected to turn to the past for inspiration; as Confucius so often tells us, it holds much from which we would do well to learn.
Your interest in acceding to the SCO is excellent to hear- as you are, I am sure, aware, you would be entitled to significantly reduced cost of purchase of amaments, industrial equipment, and fertilisers among other things; in addition, as a Chinese treaty ally, you would be entitled to military protection by the PRC under the SCO's mutual defence treaty, as well as the military cooperation that I am happy to hear your interest in, through its joint command structure. Should the Malian Imperial Federation join the SCO, it can rely upon China to support it militarily, economically and diplomatically however possible, as well as prioritise its relations with Mali over other African states; in return, Mali will maintain an exclusive treaty alliance with China, and commit to furthering Chinese influence in Africa, which as part of the Third World is crucial to China's role as the leader thereof. Additionally, you can expect us to fund infrastructure and naval expansion programmes in your nation as and when necessary, since I hear your government seeks to reestablish its position as a naval power. As for consumer goods and resource processing industry, I can promise you a market for Malian raw materials and processed goods in China, since our population is gaining wealth that will soon need to be spent on luxury items and consumer goods rather than necessities of life. What I offer Mali, Mr Prime Minister, is a truly equal partnership. Unlike the superpowers, which maintain alliances for their Cold War chesspieces, China seeks to reassert itself on a global scale not only for its own gain, but for the greater representation of the Third World as a diplomatic force. |
As long as we both stand to gain from furthering your influence in Africa then I see no issue with joining the SCO. It cannot only merely benefit you, as long as I have the same sort of ability to gain influence in Africa in partnership with China. Anyways if it truly is an equal partnership between us, then I believe you have a new member of the SCO.
| Naturally, as a Chinese partner in Africa you would have much to gain- new allies, new markets, and potentially new states over which you wield influence- by expanding Chinese influence in Africa. China is committed to its principle of equal partnerships with its allies, and Mali is no different in this regard. As such, I am glad to hear that you will join the SCO. Now, on to what you require from us- as a member of the SCO there is little that is off the table in terms of what you require. |
Of course, what we require is the capital and machinery to modernize our infrastructure, expand our railway and roads, modernize agriculture, and expand the industry. We are also interested in the AK as it is a weapon of the 3rd World. These are all major goals of Mali, and any help you can provide in the coming years will be greatly appreciated. Mali will soon we a burgeoning market and we will greatly appreciate and ally ourselves to the ones who have helped us.
| That could certainly be arranged. With the current expansion of rail and road networks in China, China Rail can certainly help construct railways in your nation, along with the construction of road networks and ports. We are prepared to extend a Bank of China line of credit to you via which Mali will gain access to Chinese infrastructure companies, with the ports and railroads they construct being held as collateral.
As for weaponry, including AKs and Type 56s, their Chinese equivalent, we are more than happy to sell them to you, as well as to construct factories and prepare you for licence production of the same. China will also extend loans to you for the purchase o f| fertilisers, high-yield seeds, and agricultural implements, by which you can modernise your processes of agriculture similar to what is being done in China. As for industry, we will be willing to provide you with industrial advisers from China, as well as construct factories which are capable of producing cheap goods. Chinese industrial products will also be made available to the people of Mali at the same price that they are sold to other Chinese allies in the Warsaw Pact, providing your growing market with quality goods at low cost. |
Excellent, we are excited to join the SCO and make the 3rd World a force to be reckoned with!
Gaia Major
| The Chinese Ministry of Defence approves the sale of 350 Type 56 assault rifles and 120 AKM rifles effective immediately from the Chinese stockpile to the Malian Imperial Federation, which will be shipped immediately on the Prime Minister's private aircraft. |
August 1959
Embracing the Third World
Prime Minister Louis stepped out on the runway, in one hand he waved an AK-56, and in the other a piece of paper establishing Malis place in the SCO, and the Third world in general. In front of a crowd of reporters and supporters, Prime Minister Louis stated that with the help of our new allies, truly Mali may have a chance to survive and thrive in this brave new world. This had been the first trip taken by any Malian Prime Minister outside of the country. The image of the Prime Minister holding the AK has become wildly circulated the Malian state with posters featuring the Prime Minister holding the AK, and a Hoe, with the caption: Food and Firepower.
Czabalkia
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: "I believe a good way to begin further building the Libyan economy would be to organize joint industrial and economic programs between the French Union, Libya, and the United Arab Republic. The development of an international highway from Rabat to Port Said might be a start. It would create thousands of jobs within Libya, and allow for easier trade, in higher volume. It would additionally allow the recently discovered Libyan oil reserves to be exported much faster."[/list]
[I]"That would greatly improve our situation. The issue there, however, is that we lack resources and equipment. Of course, Libya would have to be helped along slightly in order to begin work on that project. Our nation is lacking quite considerably in most areas. The Soluch Airfield, for example; that place is nothing more than a cracked road and a few dingy sheds in place of the great terminals I've seen over in Marseille or Paris."[/I]
Czabalkia
[list][list]FRANCE EMBARGOES MALI OF CHINESE GOODS
2 September 1959[/list][/list]
| After the announcement late last month regarding Mali's joining of the Chinese-led Shanghai Cooperation Organization, including an arms and defense deal with the communist power, the French Union has taken drastic measures to impose strict punishment on what French Foreign Minister Bernard Cornut-Gentille has described as a 'rogue, hostile state'. A three step policy plan formulated by the French Union Ministries will be enacted beginning on September 2nd to 'strategically disengage China from sponsoring further violence and instability in West Africa' and isolate the West African Kingdom internationally. |
| Effective September 3rd, the Malian Kingdom's membership within the International Economic Community will be suspended, and all I.E.C. assets and personnel withdrawn from the nation. Any assets which 'could potentially be handed over to the Chinese Communist Party' will also be frozen across I.E.C. member states to prevent their seizure by the Malian government or the CCP. This will include assets owned by Malian public officials, industrialists, and business owners held beyond Malian borders within the French Union and in other I.E.C. member states including the United Arab Republic, Argentina, Laos, Vietnam, and other countries. All I.E.C. development assets will be removed at haste, and Mali will be barred from participating in the annual I.E.C. Development summits henceforth until its membership is reinstated. In line with this economic policy, the French Union will be instituting strict sanctions on the Malian Kingdom, and has asked all other I.E.C. members to do the same to 'financially discourage within the region.' |
| The second step in the policy plan with regards to Mali will be a full embargo of all Chinese goods from entering Malian ports, an embargo to be strictly enforced by the French Navy's Carrier Strike Group 3(Africa), which will be redeployed from its home port in Algiers to the Malian coastlines across West Africa. Knowing of China's intentions to begin shipments of arms and weapons platforms to Mali per Mali's accession to the S.C.O., the French Navy will bar all ships registered in the People's Republic of China from entering Malian ports. Carrier Strike Group 3 will temporarily be redeployed to the French naval facility in Dakar, Senegal, for the duration of the blockade and has asked its European ally, Portugal, to allow free movement and basing in the Portuguese Overseas Province of Guinea for the duration of the embargo. All ships from other nations will still be allowed to enter Malian ports freely to prevent a humanitarian crisis per the French Foreign Ministry: 'We do not wish to bring starvation, hunger, poverty to Mali. However, with the military aid of the Chinese Communist Party, the government in Timbuktu may very well bring about further instability to the region'. |
| The third step in France's policy will be to bring forward the matter to the United Nations. For some time, Charles de Gaulle's administration has looked upon Mali's imperial games with distaste, especially after their invasion of the Gambia earlier in the year, but has held off from outright condemning the Malian government to maintain order within Mali's large territory. However, with Mali's government now establishing its position as an outright militaristic state, and fresh off of one of certainly many planned military conflicts of expansion, the French Union will go before the United Nations to propose a resolution to the General Assembly regarding condemning the Malian government and national ideology, demanding an immediate withdrawal from the Gambia, and establishing a multinational peacekeeping force to monitor the internal situation in Mali. The resolution, as follows: |
1959 RESOLUTION ON: RELATING TO THE IMPERIAL FEDERATION OF MALI
[list]RECOGNIZING the threat posed to international peace and security in the West African region by the Imperial Federation of Mali,
ACKNOWLEDGING the illegal territorial expansion of the Imperial Federation of Mali during the March 1959 invasion of the Republic of the Gambia as an act of expansionism directly opposed to the Charter and goals of the United Nations,
DEMANDING the United Nations hold the Imperial Federation of Mali and the government of the Imperial Federation of Mali accountable on a legal, economic, and military basis for its territorial expansionism, internal human rights abuses, international instability, violent rhetoric, and disregard of the Charter of the United Nations,
RESOLVES TO
1.
[list] Strongly condemn the rhetoric and actions of the Imperial Federation of Mali including the public, undignified of execution 3,000 political prisoners without fair trial, the unprovoked, illegal invasion and occupation of the Republic of the Gambia, the institution of an openly authoritarian national policy with common links to fascism, Falangism, and Nazism, and providing financial, physical, and political support for illegal rebel groups in neighboring countries.[/list]
2.
[list] Demand a full, total, and immediate withdrawal of all Malian military and government personnel and equipment from the Gambia, and the full restoration of the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of the Gambia as it was prior to March 1959, to be overseen by the United Nations.[/list]
3.
[list] Establish an international organization to monitor the situation in the occupied Republic of the Gambia and ensure a swift and peaceful withdrawal occurs, and to monitor the Imperial Federation of Mali's abuses of human rights and the United Nations Charter.[/list][/list]
Teujira, Val Verde-, Otsla, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[ [I]Kingdom of Libya votes in favour of 1959 RESOLUTION ON: RELATING TO THE IMPERIAL FEDERATION OF MALI[/I] ]
Teujira, Czabalkia, Kiger
The Swedish delegation to the United Nations votes in favour of the 1959 RESOLUTION ON: RELATING TO THE IMPERIAL FEDERATION OF MALI. It joins France in condemning the recent developments in the Imperial Federation of Mali, labelling it "a destructive force".
Czabalkia, Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
| The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics votes in favor of THE 1959 RESOLUTION ON: RELATING TO THE IMPERIAL FEDERATION OF MALI. Any state that seeks to revive the ideology that lead to the deaths of millions deserves to be dissolved for the safety of the international community! |
Czabalkia, Kiger, Teymour
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'I am certain, your Majesty, that French businesses would be more than willing to provide financial investments for Libyan projects, as well as be hired to fulfill contracts. Additionally, I can arrange for a good-will team of French Air Force architects and engineers to be dispatched to Benghazi to oversee development of the Soluch Airfield. '[/list]
Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
1959
The Malian Imperial Parliament met for a special meeting regarding the declaration by the French in the UN. After much deliberation, this was stated by the government.
Under no circumstance will we allow UN forces to be stationed inside of Mali, we denounce these blockades as an assault upon Malian sovereignty and we will not be ceding sovereignty back to the former state of The Gambia. They are rightful Malian people and we will thus not restore an illegitimate colonialist state to its borders. We implore a desire for peace between us and France. May cooler heads prevail. Long live the Mansa, and Long Live the Federation.
Teujira, Otsla, Czabalkia, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
သမ္မတအားဖယ်ရှားခြင်း
As Ne Win continues to plan out his Indochinese road to socialism, it's become clear that his plans are unlikely to fail as he continually calls to execute 1/3rd of the birds in the country stating that they're rats with wings and useless to society. With further comments such as only allowing icons of himself to be built & to establish a Communist state built off his cult of personality. The military leadership of Indochina under a united General staff by Burmese & Thai generals alike has decided Ne Win, is a threat to their & the states security. Therefor they've put in forward a motion of plans to remove him from power alongside his supporters and establish a Socialist Junta ran from the shadows while greater unifying the lands of Burma and Thailand.
အဆင့်တစ်
The first step by the assembled General staff has been establishing necessary channels of power in order to formally establish a powerbase from which they can rule without impetus. The primary goal has first been allocating military staff to the royal families of Burma and Thailand rather than their usual personal guard. The second has been contacting the KMT government in exile within Thailand offering amnesty if they were to forge a document acting as if they've been in close contact with Ne Win ever since his rise to power in 1950. The third and final move within this plan is establishing spies on Ne Win, his aides, family, major supporters and party members in order to establish strong surveillance on Ne Win and his power structure.
တော်ဝင်မိသားစုများ
As part of a major first step of their operation, the military of Indochina has officially, within their respectove regions brought together a secret meeting of the now soon to be reinstated Burmese royal family of the Konbaung Dynasty with the heir apparent Prince Taw Phaya Gyi, who in 1948 only narrowly managed to avoid assassination by Communist insurgents from misplaced identity. However, now the military has quickly moved to reinstate the royal family in accordance with the Thai Chakri dynasty. Through the marriage of Taw Phaya Gyi and the elder sister of Rama VIII, Galyani Vadhana. Only a year apart, this marriage would greatly strengthen the two realms and peoples especially with the military's strong insistence current Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej set aside his current wife to marry the Burmese princess and sister of Taw Phaya Gyi known as Hteik Su Phaya Gyi. These two intertwined marriages will not only cement the union between the two states, but greatly ease growing tensions by the majority traditional percentage of Burmese and Thai citizens within Indochina.
The main problem currently being, that despite the Burmese throne of the Konbaung dynasty being restored. That the monarchies will be greatly reduced to figureheads. Under constant surveillance with guards regularly exchanged for their personal safety at the Military's discretion. This will not only keep the two thrones on a very tight leash, but ensure they couldn't isolate their own power bases and political clout in order to revolt against the soon to be Junta. As well, they'll be required to officially sign a constitution of a "Democratic" system of government, that will in reality be controlled like puppets from behind the scenes by the soon to be Junta. With the military even going so far as to threaten to "forcibly" make an agreement happen, ensuring the wife set aside by Bhumibol Adulyadej, will be well taken care of with her own security. Allowed even to still see her in secret in select timeframes but never openly have a relationship with her so long as he consumates a marriage with Burmese princess Hteik Su Phaya Gyi. the generals of both countries have agreed no harm will come to Sirikit Kitiyakara. With little say in the matter, the royal families would reluctantly and bitterly agree.
သစ္စာဖောက်
As the first steps are put into motion, the KMT, hoping for a secret amnesty deal with the Indochinese military who believes they may even allow them to integrate into the military for expertise and experience, agreed to the deal in return that Chaing Kai Shek and his survivors be given stations of privledge & support in a potential return to China one day. The General staff, would, of course agree to the secret deal. Unknown however, is that upon the transfer of documents in an undisclosed location, Chiang Kai Shek and his supporters would be invited to a generals estate in return for all names they requested regarding amnesty. With said deal in place, Chiang and his consorts would be tracked under close surveillance until a opportunity presented itself as they resided in peace. Before being seized by state security and military intelligence, the main leadership, would of course be taken to the Chinese (Gaia Major) border. The prisoners under custody would be handed off to be tried personally within the PRC, while any potential leadership who managed to escape security clutches will be chased down and executed without trial on accusations of subverting the State. Names given of what few men remained from the former KMT divisions would be given false sense in security they were safe, before many were silently removed, executed and buried in undisclosed locations throughout Thailand and Burma, essentially for better or worse to a large degree neutering the KMT survivors for good, with what few rebel bands were left being hunted down and slaughtered by the Military.
နေ ၀ င်းကိုဖယ်ရှားခြင်း
With their power structures in place after 2 weeks of planning and execution, brutal elimination of any potential loose ends and securing a future power system for Indochina. The removal of Ne Win, through a military coup goes underway. On a sunny, Wednesday mid-day afternoon. The People's Ministry would have their peaceful silence abruptly interrupted. As the Burmese military marches a Light Infantry division into the assembly hall, Ne Win, giving a speech to his supporters is promptly secured after a brief shootout with Ministry guards goes underway. While only 4 people were wounded with 2 men dying shortly after from their wounds, no major political figures would be harmed in the crossfire. However, Ne Win & his flock were quickly corralled and led to military trucks and transported to a undisclosed base for questioning.
The questioning however, was more of a interrogation & torture exercise as Ne Win and his major supporters within government & any potential dissenters after months of investigation prior were questioned separately. False accusations & testimonies collected to use in tandem with the forged KMT document. Just 3 days later Ne Win and his supporters, on live television would be tried in the ministry Courthouse, where just 3 days before they stood as leaders planning for the Indochinese Path to Socialism. With fake charges provided throughout, Ne Win & his supporters would all be charged with public execution & sympathizers 8 years of hard labor within mineral mines to atone for their crimes against the state. The testimonies, accusations and forged KMT documents being used as evidence against them. 5 hours later, on live television and recordings sent around the world. Many of his supporters would be shot on the wall, where many of their own victims once stood, while Ne Win and his closest advisors and inner circle, would be given mob justice. Thrown to the wolves of angry citizens, many unhappy with his attempts at outlawing religion and many small famines starting to crop through his ineptitude. He and his supporters were torn apart or brutally murdered with farm tools for all to see both at home and abroad.
The militaries of Indochina would be formally united from this day on, known as the Tatmadaw in Burma or Kxng Kảlạng in Thailand. Indochina, had formally united the Union through military coercion and exploitation of traditional sentiment in the country. The path to Socialism however, would continue unabated through the shadows via a figurehead of a Democratic Socialist government, while the true leadership ruled as puppet masters to establish their own Indochinese version of Socialism inspired by Mao Ze Dong though.
ဘာသာရေးနှင့်အမျိုးသားပြန်လည်နုပျိုရေးအစီအစဉ်
With the Tatmadaw officially in power, uniting Indochina under a shadow Junta of the merging of the Burmese & Thai militaries as well as the consummation of the royal families. Buddhism, is also now being quickly brought under control of the Junta and government. As Indochinese society is still strongly traditionalist in nature, it's more of a means of necessity to exploit people's superstitious beliefs and strengthen their hold on society than actual belief. Buddhism, is now officially a state recognized religion where formally it was state atheist. Furthermore, Islam, while tolerated is now under government scrutiny with Islamic society within Indochina targeted to dissuade followers into falsely confessing to Buddhism or simply non-belief for now as second class citizens. Buddhism, meanwhile under state control is now used as a religious tool to raise a new society in Indochina, for a hyper-patriotic generation of soldiers. Radicalized in the belief of reincarnation by serving the People's Republic of Indochina as loyal citizens and honoring their fallen comrades 3 times a year. With actual faith & practices being largely sidelined but still tolerated. Religious heads and figures now require a license to practice by the state & record all sessions they hold for inspection to ensure no counter-revolutionary activity is taken place within the temples throughout the Republic.
While the religion is brought under heel by the new Junta, the Government now prioritizes into building Indochina up into a powerful industrialized society, to move away from it's agrarian roots. Plans are now being drawn up, with the stated goal being to focus on Burma first. Aiming to build up heavy & military industry within it, alongside being a significant sector for resource exploitation while, still taking measures to help protect the environment within reason, as it's closest near India and has a massive wealth of natural resources. Diplomats have been sent to the PRC to request whether or not Chinese specialists & investment could be provided. While a secondary goal is to orient Thailand towards a mix of heavy industry & service sectors like financing, banking, retail. Essentially intertwining the two into relying on the other for goods & materials for the average persons needs within the People's Republic, further significantly increasing the difficulty in potentially splitting the People's Republic later in the future and only stronger incentivizing the need to keep the two together.
[spoiler=Yes]
Lux Lumen[/spoiler]
Otsla, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Prussia Poland, Zemlyakavkaz
[pre]Year of the Earth Pig
1959 | September[/pre]
审判蒋介石和汉奸!
Trial of Chiang and the Traitors!
[sub]
| What follows is the account of the trial of the surviving members of the Guomindang, including Chiang Kai-Shek and other prominent KMT cadres. The KMT fled to the then-pro-American state of Thailand just south of Yunnan, the site of their final stand, in October of 1949. With their entire army destroyed and only a handful of top party men managing to escape the newly-proclaimed Peoples Republic of China, the traitor Chiang and his complicits, who aided to Chinas devastation in the War of Resistance against Japan, ran from 1949-59 a rump government-in-exile in Bangkok, consisting of a few men who managed to escape the revolution. However, the rapid rise to power in Thailand of the Peoples Republic of Indochina meant that the KMT cadres had effectively been placed under house arrest from 1958 onwards, not able to leave the house for fear of jeopardising their diplomatic immunity, but also not able to flee the country due to the watchful eyes of the Thai and Burmese armed forces on their consulate. This unresolved tension came to a head in September of 1959, when the Indochinese Revolution swept up Thailand in its furore, seeing the installation of a new Maoist junta in the PRI. The ensuing chaos saw the KMT attempt to secure favour with the new government by colluding with them to depose the General Ne Win; however, the Indochinese government had none of this, and while attempting overtly to cooperate with the KMT, turned them over to the authorities in the Peoples Republic of China. After their capture by the PLA stationed on the Indochinese border, the KMT traitors Chiang Kai-Shek, Li Mi, Liu Kuo Chwan and Mah Chaw Yu were brought before a Chinese military tribunal under the Supreme Peoples Court in Beijing, with Chiang acting as the speaker for the defence and Shen Junru, former Chief Justice of China and a man with a personal bone to pick with Chiang, acting as the prosecution. Reporters present at the event would remark in private that this trial was highly unfair and extremely biased; however, after being addressed by the secret police, they would make no more such remarks for the rest of their lives. |
DONG BIWU: Mr Kai-Shek, you and your aides have been turned over to the Chinese authorities and have been brought before this court facing charges of treason, high crimes, aiding and abetting the enemy and of embezzlement of civil funds. How do you plead?
CHIANG KAI-SHEK: Not guilty, of course. But fat lot of good that will do me, I can hardly expect a fair trial in a court of traitors headed by a knave!
| Chiang spits at the feet of the judges dais, and glares daggers across the courtroom at Junru, who simply smirks arrogantly. |
DONG BIWU: A small correction, in that case: treason, high crimes, aiding and abetting the enemy, embezzlement of civil funds and contempt of court. Mr Kai-Shek, your frustration whether justified or not- and I of course could not possibly comment- is not assisting you in securing what chance you do have of exiting this building a free man. Id advise you to cooperate, if nothing else because it will help not to draw out this procedure any longer than it must be.
| Chiang utters some unmentionables, glares at all the Communist lawyers present, and sighs. He gestures broadly to the crowd, acquiescing. |
CHIANG KAI-SHEK: Very well. But let it be known this is how Mao and his cronies treat the hero of the War of Resistance. Let us begin.
| Dong Biwu slams his gavel into the mahogany desk and clamours for order. The court quiets down. |
DONG BIWU: Our thanks. Now, as is custom, we will hear first the case of the prosecution. Mr Junru, you may begin.
| Shen Junru rises from his lectern and pulls up a sheaf of documents that have his prepared case against the KMT officials. He clears his throat and begins with a flourish of his hand. |
SHEN JUNRU: Nearly 10 years ago, more than two decades of continuous war in the Middle Kingdom came to an end, with, as all here are aware, with the victory of the righteous forces of the Chinese Communist Party. That end of a war lasting a generation also saw with it the end of nearly 10 years of misrule by you, Mr Kai-Shek, and your vulture-like cronies.
I have here reports compiled from the period 1949-53, which consist of interviews with peasants and rural farmers alike, who state here the atrocities committed upon them and their families by your marauding armies, who slaughtered men and women and took grain and crops to feed your malicious war effort. A man entrusted with the responsibility of governing China ought to rule in the interest of his people as the Chairman has done from 1949 onward. I would also like to bring to the courts attention his acts of treason and self-aggrandizement in starting what has become known as the Fire of Changsha, a feeble attempt to resist Japanese advances by scorched earth tactics that saw tens of thousands of Chinese citizens lose their lives, due to a complete lack of forewarning by the KMT government, and flawed execution of a flawed tactic that crippled further the Chinese war effort.
If that is not sufficient to convince this court of the charge of misrule, I cite the 1938 Yellow River flood, in which Nationalist forces burst the dams on the Yangtze to slow down the Japanese war machine, a move which ultimately failed disastrously and resulted in the preventable deaths of no fewer than 500,000 Chinese.
Graft and corruption also characterised the Nationalist regime, with Mr Kai-Shek colluding with known criminals such as Du Yuesheng, to divert meagre Chinese resources in blatant graft that saw you become the richest man in China at the expense of the beleaguered Chinese peasant. More than 200 million yuan were disposed of like a toy due to your rampant militarism in the 1930s, starting wars at the drop of a hat and failing to secure a satisfactory conclusion to any of them.
On the topic of war, I wish to draw the courts attention to Mr Kai-Sheks blatant violation of his own principles through the conscription and subsequent starvation of no fewer than 4 million Chinese men, an army whose size he could categorically not command or support. His war efforts and tactics were mismanaged and his ineptitude saw the Japanese aggressor drive China into the dust with the heels of their jackboots. By issuing orders for offensives and envelopments while the army was barely supplied, he drove millions of Chinese men to their death, and prolonged the War of Resistance while also increasing the destruction of Chinese infrastructure and bankrupting the Chinese state, all the while maintaining his lifestyle of excess.
By ordering his loyal soldiers to charge into battles against the Japanese when he knew that there was no hope of victory, he crippled and neutered our ability to resist them, and strengthened the Japanese position by throwing away highly-trained units for small, insignificant victories, and through his purges and plunder campaigns made the Chinese worker pay in blood and in kind for the KMTs failure to rule.
As if that is not enough, he additionally recruited none other than the hated Japanese after the war in an attempt to secure his own fragile regime, and cooperated treasonously with the enemy simply to perpetuate his own grandiose lifestyle and to resist the workers Revolution. He showed those who had sought the destruction of China clemency, and lenient treatment where even death would have been too mild a punishment for them.
Your Honour, I see before me in the Nationalist cadres present here today, inept, sly, scheming and corrupt traitors, and I recommend that they be treated as the treasonous dogs that they beyond doubt are.
| He resumes his seat, heaving deeply after his impassioned and lengthy speech. |
DONG BIWU: Thank you, Mr Junru, for that profoundly-felt and eloquently-delivered speech. We will now hear the case for the defence- Mr Kai-Shek, you may begin.
| Chiang Kai-Shek rises at his lectern on the opposite side of the court, and raises his own dossier containing a prepared defence for himself and for his colleagues. |
CHIANG KAI-SHEK: I am hesitant and reluctant to even speak at this trial, for I know that its conclusion is practically foregone. I have strayed into a den of lions, and have walked in alone.
However, I have a duty to my friends and lifelong colleagues here with me today, to do them justice in my defence and to present to this fundamentally biased court a case for my, and my colleagues, innocence.
It was 20 years ago, more or less, that I assumed power in China. The China of those days was a deeply sick state; one which could barely stand on its own feet after the tumult of the first Revolution. I inherited a nation that had been driven into the dust, and no matter the accusations of corruption that are clearly intended as smear campaigns, I built the nation up. I built up our infrastructure and I built up our industry. I restored China to a semblance of international prestige. I improved the conditions of the Chinese workers. And surely even this court would not deny that I prepared us for the eventual war with Japan.
I governed China in a manner that Sun Yat-Sen would have approved of; I lay down a Constitution along the lines of the West and I promised to Chinese citizens civil rights and civil liberties that had never been seen east of Moscow before.
In the 1920s and 30s, I resisted incursions by Westerners who sought to reacquire pieces of the lucrative Chinese pie. I regained the Treaty Ports, and began the reversal of the Century of Humiliation.
And when, as I anticipated, war with Japan came to Chinas shores in 1937, I ensured that China was as ready as it would ever be. I knew we could not hope to stand alone against Japan, but I slowed down their advance at any cost. I thwarted their attempts to take all of China immediately, and I posed them a threat to their occupation that bankrupted the broader Japanese war effort in the Second World War.
And no matter what you may think of me, this much is true: I won that war. I ensured Chinas independence, and had no small role to play in the downfall of the Empire of Japan. I transformed a weak, crippled China into a formidable world power, and I won recognition of our new and mighty nation across the world. I campaigned for our inclusion in the post-war world order at its very apex, as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. And I equipped China after the War against Japan with all the tools to regain its helm as a modern great power.
I have presented what I see as a fair and unbiased account of my achievements, Your Honour. This court may see me as a traitor, a dog, a scheming plotter who aided the Japanese. But there are yet millions in China who see me, no, who know me, as a hero: as the man who saved China.
You may find me guilty, along with my colleagues: in my heart of hearts, I know this is what is going to happen. However, shoot me if you wish: for I know, personally, that I did the right thing.
| Chiang resumes his seat, teary-eyed, and embraces his colleagues for what is likely the last time. |
DONG BIWU: Thank you, Mr Kai-Shek. No matter what differences we may have as politicians, I respect your dignity to the bitter end, and I respect the honour with which you defend your friends.
| There is a murmur for about five minutes as the judge compares the cases of the prosecution and the defence, and ruminates on his final verdict. Then, he slams his gavel into the desk, and says the following fateful words, laced with tension. |
DONG BIWU: Mr Kai-Shek, after listening to your case and the case of the prosecution, and being convinced in practically equal parts of the validity of both arguments, the court has come to a final decision. You and your colleagues have been found guilty as charged on all counts, and have been sentenced to death by firing squad on a date no later than 48 hours from now.
| Two days later, in a field on the outskirts of Shanghai, 4 men would be lined up, blindfolded, but maintaining a solemn dignity to the end. They would say their final Confucian prayers, and kneel down, choked with a few dignified sobs. Soon after, 4 shots would ring out: 4 shots heard around the world, and which marked the end of an era. Chiang Kai-Shek was no more. |
[/sub]
Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Otsla, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
[I]"There's not much I could do to compensate you for that. Though, in regards to the recent U.N. resolution on Mali, I could offer the French military forces the use of airstrips and airfields in southern Libya. They're not much used at the moment, save for the occasional flight conducted by Libya's Army Air Arm."[/I]
Stahlrahm, Czabalkia
[B]Queen Catherine Well Mr.President its a honor that you invited me here to meet with you , she states yes the trip was very pleasant and no trouble at all , I see Algiers is very lovely as well ,
So Mr. President, im sure as you are aware Portugal is a kingdom again after a failed democracy that happened but , our government and myself included are very much open to the idea of relations with western powers as your self , because we don't want the kingdom to be isolated or fall under communist ideology, she states.
Stahlrahm, Czabalkia, Not Xav
| The Islamic Republic of Qasarystastan abstains. |
Stahlrahm, Kiger, Zemlyakavkaz
[list]An Abridged History of Qasarystan [/list]
[pre]THURSDAY, 1 OCTOBER 1959 A.D
(Gregorian)
PANJSHANBEH, 8 REZBER 1338
(Qasari)
[/pre]
[list]Jameh Mosque of Khomergan, Khomergan Vilayet, the Islamic Republic of Qasaryastan[/list]
| The Qasaris are a Western Asian Iranian ethnic group who mainly reside in the area east of the Taurus mountains and north of the Zagros mountains, known as Qasaryastan. They speak Qasa, an Indo-Iranian language descended from the Median dialect spoken by the nomadic ancestors of the Qasari. Large diaspora populations exist in the United Arab Republic, the Soviet Union, Iran, and Turkey. The Qasari population is between 9.5 and 11 million according to government and independent estimates. The vast majority of Qasari are Shia Muslims, adhering mostly to Twelver and Zaydi schools with some Alevi and Alawite (Nusayri) adherents. Small minorities of Qasaris practice Sunni Islam, Yasarnism, Yazidism and Zoroastrianism, alongside many other faiths.
Qasaris trace their lineage to nomadic Farsi-speakers who settled the Eastern Anatolian and Northern Iraqi regions during the westward expansion of the Median Empire in the 7th century BC. Qasari itself is an endonym which derives from the Qasa word for Mount Ararat, 'Jiyaye Qas', around which many of the early Qasari settlements were built. Qasaris would play a prominent role in the administration of the Median, Achaemenid Parthian, Sassanid, and Safavid Empires. Traditionally seen as a warring mountain people, Qasaris were used as archers and cavalry men in Roman, Byzantine, Arabic, and Persian armies.
Several independent Qasari principalities and kingdoms were founded during the Medieval period, the most notable of which was the Ayyubid dynasty, founded and commanded by the renowned mujahid Salah ad-Din. Following the total collapse of the Ayyubid dynasty at the hands of the Mamluks, the Qasari tribes fell under the control of the Jahanzid dynasty. Founded by Abbas Morteza Jahanzi, a Qasari satrap whos dynasty had previously administered the Zaydi Shiite areas of Northern Iran. Jahanzi unified the 180 Qasari tribes and declared himself Shahanshah of the Qasaryastan. Abbas Morteza and his Jahanzid descendants would rule the Qasari lands from the 13th century until the 15th century, albeit occasionally swearing allegiances to the Timurids, Seljuks, and finally swearing fealty the Safavid dynasty.
During the Persian Safavid dynasty, due to the Safavids being of Qasari extraction themselves, many Shiite Qasari clerics would be play an instrumental role in the mass conversion of Iranian peoples to Twelver Shiism. Refusing to convert to Twelver Shiism, the Jahanzid dynasty was replaced by the Twelver Shiite House of Qujarzi on the orders of Shah Ishmael I Safavid. This greatly inflamed tensions between the 37 largest Qasari tribes, with many rural Sunni and urban Zaydi clans supporting the Jahanzids and the rural Twelver Shiites, Alevis, and Alawites supporting the Qujarzids. These tensions came to a head in the Battle of Chaldiran, when Hossein Zayd Jahanzi pledged his alliance of 20 tribes to the forces of Ottoman Sultan Selim I. From 1514 until 1823, the Jahanzid and Qujarzid clans battled almost ceaselessly for control of Qasaryastan with support from the Ottoman and Safavid/Qajar Empires, before finally settling under the control of the Ottoman-backed Jahanzid dynasty. The ideology of nationalism spread to the Qasaris in the late 19th century, in reaction to the spreading of Turkish nationalism and fracturing of the Ottoman millet system. "From the Foothills of Mount Qas" the pseudo-historical masterpiece of Qasari literature was published in 1899, and is generally considered to be part of the ethnogenesis of the Qasaris.
The Jahanzid dynasty chose to align itself with the Ottoman Empire during the First World War, resulting in military support by the Entente for the Qujarzid dynasty. A coup détat in 1916, led by Muhammad Abderahmen Qujarzid and his tribal allies, resulted in a geopolitical pivot by Qasaryastan toward Iran, Britain, and the Greater Entente. Following the examples of the Qajar and later Pahlavi dynasty and the orders of the Anglo-Franco-American great powers, the newly crowned Shah Muhammad Abderahmen Qujarzi embarked on a campaign to modernise, centralise, and militarise his nation. Modernisation, in the eyes of Shah Muhammad III equated to westernisation. Increasing secularisation of education and public social life were reviled by a nation whos population was in vast majority rural tribesmen with an identity founded in faith and freedom from oppressors. Political parties of all kinds were illegal during the reign of Muhammed III, and freedom of speech and expression were violently suppressed by the military. The Western-armed military would be the center of government power in Qasaryastan. The officer staff of the Qasari Army were almost uniformly Qujarzis, and the family used the professional military for the purposes of rent seeking. Extortion, random assaults murder, drunkenness, prostitution and sexual harassment, and many other un-Islamic behaviours became attached to the public image of the Shahs soldiers. As a consequence, many Qasaris viewed their local Islamic scholars and tribal groupings as representing a purer and more longstanding form of social organisation and leadership.
Raids against military convoys by tribesmen became commonplace, and raiding and banditry against the government would become major sources of revenue for rural chieftains.
The socialist revolution prompted by PM Mohamed Mosaddegh of Iran led to an exodus of devout Qasaris and Persians from Iran, increasing the political tension in Qasaryastan dramatically. Shah Muhammad Abderahmen came under considerable pressure from both the political left, inspired by Mosaddegh, and a political right bolstered by a mass exodus of Shia clerics from Iran. The 9 July 1957 arrest of Ayatollah Ozma Sayyid Haydar Ali Farakhanzi, a prominent Zaydi cleric from a Jahanzid-aligned clan, in the town of Jazergan prompted a political crisis which would result in the end of Shah Muhammad Abderahmens rule. Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzi was transported from Jazergan, in the nations far west, to the capital of Khomergan in the valley beneath Mount Qas. Armed horsemen from Farakhanzis own tribe, relying on scouts and knowledge of the terrain, were able to intercept his prisoner transport en route to Khormergan. Freed from prison and guarded by tribes loyal to him, the Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzi issued a fatwa calling for the death by beheading of Shah Muhammad Abderahmen III Qujarzi and urged those loyal to him to carry out the sentence without prejudice. The fatwa was read aloud on 12 July 1957 from the Farakhanzid clan home in Jazergan, in it he called his tribe and those tribes loyal to him to pick up their arms make war against the decadent Shah, whose Western poison had made a mess of a people and land who followed the will of Allah. He proclaimed his followers to be the Aligiren Ali, or Supporters of Ali, and described the Qujarzid dynasty as standing diametrically opposed to the Supporters of Ali and the Ahlulbayt. For many devout Shiites, this parallel closely mirrored the battle between Husayn ibn Ali and Yazid I in the days of the Islamic fitnas.
Thousands of conscripts defected from the Qasari armed forces, while professional soldiers generally stayed loyal to the central government. By December 1957, the forces loyal to Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzi were plentiful though badly equipped. A brief civil war erupted, as rural tribesmen descended on cities defended by the central government and overwhelmed the small bands of professional soldiers. An estimated 25,000 government officials and servicemen will be beheaded by March 1958. On 5 April 1958, the forces under the direct command of Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzi swept the capital of Khomergan and publicly executed Shahanshah Muhammed Abderahmen III Jahanzi.
Proclaiming himself the head of a transitional government, under the title "Rabare Muminon / Leader of the Faithful", Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzi began immediately to solidify and centralise authority under himself and the clerics and chieftains who had supported his uprising against the Shah. Between the months of April and June of 1958, Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzi ruled by decree and through nationally broadcast fatwas. All the while he worked tirelessly to produce a new ideological text to guide the nation of Qasaryastan, and both Zaydi and Twelver Shia alike. What he produced was a seminal text in the defence of theocracy, titled "Vilayet Faqih / Governance of Islamic Jurists" which promoted a method by which Shia clerics who had reached the status of Marji (Grand Ayatollahs with the authority to issue fatwas through advanced training in ijtihad, the process by which one rationalising the Quran and Hadith) could be popularly elected to a series of advisory bodies to guide the societal masses in accordance with Sharia law and in preparation for the return of the Mahdi. In a desire to promote harmony between the Zaydi and Twelver, Grand Ayatollah Farakhanzi would refuse to declare himself or his government an Imamate. Using the ideology of Vilayet Faqih, the interim government composed over the military and spiritual leadership of the Aligiren Ali began the process of consolidating their power and constitutionally cementing their leading role in the new stage of Qasari politics.
Rule by the Aligiren Ali was formalised through the introduction a number of new state organs intentes to promulgate the revolution. Namely: the abolition of the regular armed forces to be replaced by the ideologically pure Aligiren Ali reporting directly to the Leader of the Faithful, the creation of a bicameral parliament of which the upper house is the Council of Islamic Experts to place considerable power in the hands of popularly elected Shiite clerics, the creation of a one-party state led by the Islamic Revolutionary Republican Party under the control of the Council of Islamic Experts, and the creation of the Asayish theocratic gendarmerie which would be tasked with enforcing the Shariah with prejudice to any forms of subversive western activity. All of these policies were instituted on 12 June 1959, with the passing of the first Constitution of Qasaryastan and the creation of the worlds first Islamic Republic. Taking inspiration from the Vanguardism as espoused by Lenin, the Islamic Revolutionary Republican Party / Hezbe Jomhouriya Enqelabe Islami was to serve as the agent for radicalising and rallying the masses to further the Islamic revolution and devote themselves to the faith. Cadres of the IRRP would have a secular and religious leadership composed of a tribal military commander and a mujtahid (Shia cleric) whose duty was to militarily and spiritually prepare their assigned locality for the "moghavame sher / resistance war" against the enemies of the Islamic Revolution. While local politics are dominated by largely independent military-religious cadres, the Council of Islamic Experts regularly issued fatwas or other internal party declarations which were to be carried out by the local cadres if ordered.
The Aligiren Ali is organised from the Jahanzid alliance of 27 tribes which directly supported Ayatollah Ozma Farakhanzis uprising, and numbered a total of 85,000 tribesmen and 10,000 horsemen alongside two motorised divisions of the Qasari Royal Army which surrendered and/or defected during the course of the uprising. Altogether the forces loyal to the Ayatollah numbered only 125,000. In order to meet the task of defeating the imperialist armies of the West, the Aligiren Ali would need to be reformed from a tribal militia into a fully fledged military ground and air force capable of reestablishing the caliphate. The Decree on National Defence is issued by the Council of Islamic Experts on 1 September 1958, and completely changes the structure of military service in Qasaryastan. Whereas tribal alliances had previously defined military service, the new Aligiren Ali would use conscription to create an active duty professional military. All Shia Muslims, and willing non-Shiites, would be conscripted for a period of 24 months of active service and 36 months of reservist service. Starting from a base of 125,000, the General Staff of the Aligiren Ali and Ministry of Defence set troop level targets at 420,000 total service personnel by 1964. The creation of a new airforce capable of providing air support for Qasari soldiers and intercepting United Arab and Israel aircraft is prioritised. In the vein of "an enemy of an enemy is my friend", the Council of Islamic Experts accepts military and industrial assistance from the USSR. Despite the opposition of the IRRP to communism, the USSRs support for anti-imperialism and economic justice as compatible with the ideology of Vilayet Faqih. The following weapons are requested from the Soviet Union by the Vezir / Minister of Defence:
[sub]
- AK-47 assault rifle x 350,000
- RPG-2 x 50,000
- Makarov PM x 500,000
- RGD-33 grenades x 500,000
- 3-Line rifle M1891 marksmen rifles x 50,000
- PPSh-41 submachine gun x 100,000
- DP-27 light machine gun x 50,000
- DShK heavy machine gun x 50,000
- 160mm Mortar M1943 x 60
- M1938 Mortar x 400
- BM-14 multiple launch rocket system w/ transport x 200
- BM-24 multiple launch rocket systems w/ transport x 200
- SPG-9 recoilless rifle x 4,000
- 122mm Corps Gun M1931/37 field gun x 420
- 122mm D-74 towed Field gun x 400
- 122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) x 500
- 152 mm gun-howitzer M1955 x 500
- ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft weapon x 1000
- 57 mm AZP S-60 anti-aircraft weapon x 600
- S-75 Desna SAM system x 200
- Aero Ae 45 trainer aircraft x 200
- Ilyushin Il-14 transport aircraft x 60
- Ilyushin Il-28 bomber aircraft x 20
- MiG-15 jet trainer aircraft x 150
- MiG-21 jet fighter aircraft x 1,000
- T-55 main battle tank x 500
- PT-76 light amphibious tank x 1,000
- BTR-152 APC x 1,000
- BTR-60 APC x 1,000
- BTR-50 APC x 1,000
- MTU-20 Bridgelayer x 1,000[/sub]
Alongside the massive request, to be filled over the following 3-5 years, the Soviet Union has promised to deliver military and industrial advisors, technicians, and professional experts to assist in building defensive infrastructure for the Aligiren Ali. Alongside training the military and the education of civil engineers, they would focus on building a paved road network and various defensive fortifications along the Iraqi and United Arab border. Czech hedgehogs and Dragons teeth behind barbed wire fencing were to be strung across the border, meant to prevent invasion from the UAR and create a border check point by which to intercept various goods and items which would now be deemed haram.
Now the Islamic Revolution is in full sway, and Ayatollah Ozma Sayyid Haydar Ali Farakhanzi stands firmly opposed to the West and warming up comfortably to the East. |
Arcanda, Stahlrahm, Teujira, Otsla, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'Another discussion I'd be interested in having with you, your Majesty is regarding the military situation in Libya and the Royal Libyan Army. I understand per my military intelligence community that the Royal Libyan Army is somewhat woefully underequipped, largely with Second World War era equipment. This, to me, represents a serious international security threat in the Mediterranean area - if the Kingdom of Libya were to come under siege by a hostile force, externally or internally, my men are uncomfortably certain the RLA would be unable to properly defend the Kingdom. Therefore, it is in the interests of the French Union to begin arming the Royal Libyan Army where possible as we have done with the United Arab Republic and other key allies in the region such as Italy.
I'll offer to you, following these discussions, a wide swath of tanks, firearms, airplanes, and warships within the budget of your Majesty's government, but at a discounted price. What I ask in return is that your Majesty allows the French Navy basing rights in the port of Benghazi. In a similar vein to our recently secured basing rights in Bari and Taranto in Italy, the French Navy shall only be deployed to the port to rest, refuel, or rearm when on deployment on a mission in which the security of the French Union or Libya is threatened.'[/list]
Stahlrahm, Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'Certainly, your Majesty. It is of mutual importance to the French Union and the Kingdom of Portugal that the Kingdom of Portugal is included strongly in the affairs of free and democratic Europe in the post-War age, especially as we continue to strive towards continental cooperation.
As you must be aware, with the signing of the Treaty of Rome, western Europe has begun to make serious in-roads towards economic and political unification on a confederal level. If Portugal wishes to embrace this new era of liberalism following the defeat of fascism, I see it very important that Portugal also sign the Treaty of Rome and begin working with other European nations to work towards mutual economic, political, military, and cultural goals.'[/list]
Stahlrahm, Teymour, Prussia Poland, Zemlyakavkaz
[I]"We would be happy to accommodate your naval requirements at Benghazi. As for the state of the army, yes, you're right - it would be no match for almost anyone who wanted to fight against it. Whilst are troops are very devoted, their lack of equipment and training makes even anti-banditry operations in Cyrenaica and at the southern border a hard-fought task. Equipment would be a great help. The only well-armed men in the nation are the Royal Guard, and all those men have is arms left over from the Italians."[/I]
Stahlrahm, Czabalkia
[B]Queen Catherine Queen of kingdom of Portugal
[I]I certainly agree with you Mr President, I am very willing to work with western Europe , what all does this treaty concern may I ask ?
I am in the process of working on legislation with parliament on a communist control bill to try to detail any communism in the kingdom along with facism not to ban them persay but try to take them more western thinking,
Now this treaty is for helping europe politically economically and culturally you say , well like I said I am for that what does the kingdom need to contribute when signing if anything ?
Stahlrahm, Czabalkia
[list]Heiwa 7
―
August 1959
[sub]天の剣を脱ぐ[/sub]
Unsheathing the Heavenly Sword[/list]
[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]
TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN
| Two years after the initiation of Japan's foray into military nuclear power, Nobusuke Kishi's pet project would start coming to fruition, as the United States agreed on a one-time shipment of 2,000 tons of unenriched uranium to Japan after drawn-out secret negotiations between the higher strata of each country's diplomatic apparatus. Prime Minister Kishi and his closest advisers celebrated; the calculative Masanobu Tsuji was among them. Tsuji, as de facto head of the State Security Agency, ensured that the entire program would remain a secret to both domestic and foreign elements. By the end of the year, the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission would covertly build three facilities dedicated to storage and experimentation across the Kanto region, in addition to the one already existing in Tokyo. Bunsaku Arakatsu and Hideki Yukawa, who both have a great deal of experience in the area and have led what little efforts could be undertaken since two years, are now set to start working at full speed towards the enrichment of the uranium and the elaboration of Japan's first nuclear weapon, in a time frame not exceeding four to five years. Arakatsu, who was a student of Einstein, and Yukawa, have both been granted more financial and technical means than they could ever obtain during the wartime restrictions of the 1940s, when Japan's first A-bomb project began. Now with the whole strength of Japan's modern industrial and technological know-how, they seem poised to make a breaking developement in Asian politics. The Heavenly Sword Project [天の剣] had started, and already Japanese diplomats looked to procure and stockpile more uranium for future endeavours. |
Stahlrahm, Val Verde-, Not Xav, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major
[list]FEBRUARY 1959
BAGHDAD, MASHRIQ MIDDLE EAST[/list]
[list][list][sub][pre]!دولة قوية و عادلة
Strong & Just Nation!
THE ARAB POLITICAL AWAKENING - LAND OF THE TWO RIVERS[/pre][/sub]
[/list][/list]
[list][sub]Iraq's territorial alignment can be traced to the existence of the former Turkish Vilayets of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra. Such administrative units occupied a strategic location, sitting at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, cradling the two great riversTigris and Euphrates, and holding promising reserves of hydrocarbons. The territory was also the inheritor of a rich historical legacy, as the cradle of some of the first farming and administrative techniques as well as the centre of the Islamic Golden Agea period of great advancement driven by polymaths in philosophy, medicine, mathematics and beyond. Indeed, this territory was well known in international circles, as the great powers attempted to take advantage of its benefits. The German's had courted Mesopotamia's Ottoman rulers to begin construction of a railway in 1910, stretching from Baghdad through the Balkans to Berlin, enabling greater German trade in Asia. However, it was through the methodology of force that a foreign power would come to control this land. The Mesopotamian front between the Turks and the British Empire, which was largely represented by South Asian conscripts, is often under appreciated in terms of historical analysis, when compared to the fronts at Gallipoli, Armenia and the Sinai. Most Turkish resources went towards the defence of locations beyond Mesopotamia, and wartime British sources, in the interest of morale, underplayed their own blunders such as in Kut. For Britain, Mesopotamia was used as an incentive for the Hashemite Arab Revolution, which opened a new front for their Turkish adversaries in the Hejaz. Yet, Britain never intended to accept the territorial integration of the land into the wider Arab kingdom, that it promised to its Hashemite allies. Mesopotamia was simply so important to the greater strategic interests of London, as a layer of additional security for the Suez Canal and as a platform to cement its influence over oil reserves and regional commerce.[/sub]
[sub]Thus it was declared in the 1920 San Remo Convention, a covenant towards a so-called Mandate for Mesopotamia, controlled from London, which fell into the framework of the Sykes-Picot Agreement through which the Arab-territories of the defeated Turkish Empire were awarded to Europeans. San Remo's convictions on the future of the area, formulated the pretext of a new nationalism, which was defined in opposition to foreign rule and support for an Arab government. Such sentiments began to be articulated in the previous year, as a coalition of Shia merchants, Sunni teachers, and civil servants, Sunni and Shia religious figures, and military officers created the clandestine 'Guardians of Independence', which found greater influence following Britain's announcement. These sentiments were the touch paper for a popular revolution, beginning with demonstrations in Baghdad. There were large gatherings at both Sunni and Shia mosques which showed that co-operation between the two main sects of domestic society was possible. At one of the larger meetings 15 representatives were nominated to present the case for independence to the British officials. An argument which was dismissed by the British commissioners as impractical. Religious calls were then issued, calling for the use of defensive force to secure national rights and self-determination, a message which resonated across Iraq. From June to October 1920, Mesopotamia was in a full scale revolt, forcing the British to end their desires for a direct Mandate and answer calls for greater freedom.[/sub]
[sub]It was decided, upon the recommendation of the new colonial secretary Winston Churchill, that Britain must exert control over Iraqi affairs through empowering the political power of pro-British Arab figures. The Hashemite prince, Faisal Ibn Hussein, who had been deposed as the King of Syria by the French one month before the uprising in Iraq, would fit the role of Britain's protégé. The reasoning behind this was rooted in the existing working partnership between Faisal and the British, and the belief that granting Faisal titles over Iraq would prevent him from continuing his struggle against France. Other factors such as his personal charisma and descendant of the Prophet Mohammed through his Hashemite ties, further created the perception that Faisal could swoon Arab nationalist feelings. With a plebiscite, in which over 90% of Iraqi's expressed support for a government headed by Faisal, he was crowned as King of Iraq. However, the voting was far from a reflection of the true feelings of the Iraqi people, who saw Faisal as a collaborator with a colonial power, intent on exploiting them. Therefore, the new monarch would face renewed political pressures from the civil and religious establishments of the time, forcing him to adopt a moderate foreign policy towards his British patrons and avoid giving too many concessions to London. Domestically, Faisal promoted a pan-Arab agenda through stressing collective unity between differing religious sects. However this was undermined through the creation of an indigenous Iraqi army, an effort spearheaded by the colonial authorities, which overrepresented Shia's in lower ranks and placed command structures in the hands of mostly Sunni officers. These new inequalities posed new socioeconomic and political issues for the fledgling Iraqi kingdom. As the country's institutions were founded and modelled on an external power and lacked any connection to Iraq's past political systems, the state bureaucracy lacked support and failed to fully reflect their constituents. This undermined Faisal's programs of national unity and created a political climate dictated through shifting support between several powerful individuals, rather than a true democratic system.[/sub]
[sub]Sectarian tendencies, which had been overruled in the efforts of the 1920 Revolution and its aftershocks, thus emerged due to the failure of the state to represent all strands of the Arab society and the concentration of Sunni's in political offices. Faisal's successor, Ghazi Ibn Faisal, could not undo this new reality despite his own insistence of Arab nationalist principles. The monarchy as an institution lacked credibility and its authority to direct was undermined by the concentration of Sunni's in the military and its affiliation with Britain. This produced tensions between the civilian population and the armed forces, the latter of which wanted to further its influence, and launched the first coup in Arab history in 1936. Ghazi had little choice but to accept the authority of the coup plotters, namely Bakr Sidqi Al-Askari, ushering in the gradual disintegration of constitutional rule over the country as violent transfers of power became a rule more than an exception. Bakr Sidqi's presence in government deepened sectarian divisions, as he was strongly opposed by Shia's due to his role in the violent suppression of Shia uprisings against political inequalities a year earlier. In April 1939, Ghazi was killed in a car accident and was succeeded by Faisal Ibn Ghazi under the regency of Prince Abd Al-Illah. In common political folklore, Ghazi's death was done under the command of the pro-British Prime Minister, Nuri Al-Sa'id, because of Ghazi's supposed intentions to unify Iraq and Kuwait. Throughout the late 1930's, due to the failure of Arab monarchies to realize popular calls for unity, the Arab nationalist ideology began to detach itself as a belief promulgated solely by monarchs. This manifested heavily in Iraq with the foundation of the Golden Square Movement, a collection of army officers and pan-Arab intellectuals, such as Salah Al-Din Al-Sabbagh, Rashid Ali Al-Kaylani and Kamil Shabib. [/sub]
[sub]On April 1st 1941, the Golden Square would temporarily overthrow King Faisal and Abd Al-Illah and proclaimed a "National Defence Government", briefly creating a proxy conflict between the Axis and Allied powers throughout May 1941. As Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy provided support for the coup plotters while Britain and its Hashemite allies in Transjordan helped restore Faisal as King. This brief conflict further demonstrated the fragility of the Kingdom, its dependence on foreign powers for security and the strength of anti-monarchy and Arabist movements amongst Iraqis. Such sentiments were inflamed again two years after the conclusion of the Second World War, as the British government sought to renew the treaties which attached Iraq to British foreign and economic interests. A coalition of student unions, social democrats, communists and democracy activists staged demonstrations against Nuri Al-Sa'id's intentions to accept the renewal of such treaties. Strikes in key industries, such as in the transport and petroleum sectors, prompted a violent government crackdown. Furthermore, the communist party, which was a significant leading force in the movement would itself lose credibility, by following the Soviet Union's pro-partition stance on Palestine. Events in Palestine would eclipse internal demands for political reform, until 1952, when a renewed wave of strikes and unrest swept southern Iraq. Faisal finally turned 18 during the same time, allowing him to fully assume his role as King. Faisal's rule would be insignificant, as he and an anonymous friend were killed in a car accident on the 15th of February 1955, forcing his former-regent Abd Al-Illah to serve as the country's King. The tragedy once again exposed the deep divisions in Iraqi society, as demonstrations mourning and celebrating Faisal's death were held simultaneously. The sudden death began a political crisis in Iraq, as parts of the military refused to acknowledge Abd Al-Illah and sided with Prince Zeid Ibn Hussein, who saw himself as the true successor of Faisal. Gun fire erupted in Baghdad on March 19th, followed by the collapse of the King's authority in the cities of Al-Ramadi and Karbala which fell to the pro-Zeid faction.[/sub]
[sub]Already in the early stages of the conflict, 400 Iraqi civilians were killed and a further 18,000 were displaced, mostly from Baghdad. These events further eroded support for the monarchical establishment, which was seen as divided and preoccupied with family disputes which had thus caused the collapse of Iraq's economy and infrastructure. This prompted the emergence of a neutral military faction, supported by the Western-powers and Hashemite monarchy in Jordan, which sought to reestablish stable state institutions. Negotiations between the United States and Jordan formulated a pathway for the Jordanian King, Hussein Ibn Talal, to resolve the crisis in Iraq through collaborating with the neutralists. This led to a renewed level of clashes in Baghdad, as the neutralists surrounded the royal palace and conducted the bloody execution of the King and members of the royal family. The execution was done without the approval of the neutralist leadership, represented by Nuri Al-Sa'id, who in an attempt to appear neutral, ordered the execution of Prince Zeid in Al-Faluja. From that point, Al-Sa'id declared an interim government until a 'proper' successor to Faisal was found. By early July 1955, it was Hussein of Jordan, who was to fit that role as the new King of Iraq. This announcement also facilitated the inclusion of his own Jordanian Kingdom into a new union with Iraq under an 'Arab Kingdom'. It can be argued that the Arab Kingdom was a response to the wider events of the Middle East which challenged the region's traditional leaderships. In this context, Hussein needed to reform the political institutions of his state as a means to consolidate the Hashemite position. He did so through establishing the Royal Parliament, a new legislative body and scheduled parliamentary elections for November 1956.[/sub]
[sub]A coalition consisting of the National People's Party (NPP), National Socialist Party (NSP) and Arab Constitutionalist Party (ACP) prevailed. Nuri Al-Sa'id, the leader of the NPP which dominated the coalition, assumed the position of Prime Minister however he would fail to maintain popular support. Al-Sa'id's past affiliations as a pro-British politician soured his stature and his well established career in politics, stretching back to the 1930's, failed to satisfy the desire of younger voters for a charismatic 'fresh' face. Sa'id had sought to downplay these feelings by allying with the NSP and ACP, which stood for Arab nationalist and leftist principles, as a sign of his inclusion of alternate political thoughts. Yet this was for the most part, a publicity stunt, and the inability for the conservative NPP to actually work with its more radical coalition partners, became painfully clear in the weeks after the election. Jamal Abdel Nasser, who had taken on the mantle of being the Arab world's revolutionary and charismatic figurehead, had also declared the creation of the United Arab Republic in September. In doing so, the Saudi Monarchy had been overthrown in the July Revolution, which further destabilized the position of Arab monarchies in general. Suleyman Al-Nabulsi, the leader of the NSP, would become embroiled in bitter political exchanges with the Prime Minister and Hussein, due to ideological differences and the NSP's support for Nasser. Hussein would warn Al-Nabulsi by stating: "We want this country to be inaccessible to Nasserite propaganda and theories." King Hussein then concluded that Al-Nabulsi's paramount influence in the ruling coalition posed a threat to the success of a Hashemite union, and therefore pressured Al-Sa'id to expel the NSP from the government. The expulsion which occurred in March 1957, prompted pro-leftist and pro-Arabist demonstrators to take to the streets. They levied accusations that Hussein had exploited Iraqi instability to expand his personal powers and that the King was a tool to maintain British control of the country's oil. Abdullah Al-Rimawi who was acting as the Foreign Minister, resigned from his office on March 17th 1957 in support of the protests and the NSP. These events distracted the government from a growing discontent from several army officers, who were dissatisfied with Hussein's embracing of the historical enemy of military influence, Nouri Al-Sa'id. Stories and rumours of corruption and embezzlement from within the government and under Al-Sa'id's approval, which surfaced in the months leading up to July, proved a new rallying cry for the anti-Hashemite demonstrators on the streets, swelling their ranks in the process. [/sub]
[sub]On January 6th 1958 Syria joined the United Arab Republic, alarming Baghdad and emboldening Arab nationalists in Iraq to fulfill their own goals at Hussein's expense. Syria's announcement prompted the sending of two infantry brigades to Jordan using a route which passed through the capital in Baghdad. The commanders of the brigades, Abdel Salim Arif and Abdel Karim Qasem, saw their opportunity to overthrow Hussein and seized it. In the early hours of July 15th, a date which symbolically corresponded to the beginning of the July Revolution three years earlier, Arif seized Baghdad's radio station with his brigade and denounced Hussein. The events of the 1955 political crisis repeated themselves, when Al-Sa'id and the Royal Family were executed. A new military council was appointed to replace the Kingdom's legislative branch, declaring a new 'Republic of the Mashriq' and installing Abdel Karim Qasem and Arif as "joint-leaders''. The uprising was pan-Arab nature, yet Qasem was quick to modify his policies in favour of an 'Iraq first' nationalism, leading to the first ideological split between him and Arif, who represented the Arabist mentalities of a majority of the involved officers. Arif agitated with unity within the UAR on the public level, through speaking to the Mashriqi public, provoking Qasem to strip him of his position as deputy Prime-Minister and Interior Minister, while simultaneously offering Arif the position of Mashriq's ambassador to West Germany. The power play unnerved the Arab nationalist wing of the military council and the Ba'ath Party, which was the most powerful pro-Arab civilian party, comprised mostly of Shia's. Evidently, Qasem had set the stage for renewed political tensions in the young Republic.[/sub][/list]
Stahlrahm, Val Verde-, Kiger, Sadar, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
(Didn't you used to be on TRA/TURA?)
[pre]Year of the Earth Pig
September | 1959[/pre]
认识我们的盟友!
Meeting our Ally!
[sub]After witnessing the recent political upheaval in China's ally the People's Republic of Indochina, and its desire to solicit Chinese investment and aid as it industrialises, the CCP Politburo has extended an invitation to the leadership of this state to visit Beijing in order to confer with Premier Enlai and Chairman Mao.[/sub]
Val Verde-, Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
[sub]19 September 1959[/sub]
[sup]The Mother Reactor[/sup]
Construction for the Marviken nuclear reactor, R4, begins in Södermanland
The construction for the Marviken nuclear reactor officially referred to as R4, begins construction in Södermanland. The nuclear reactor's primary function is to deliver electricity to the districts within the county, with a planned secondary function of producing weapons-grade plutonium in secret for the country's nuclear bombs. The reactor, built by lake Marviken from which it derives its name, is expected to have an electrical output of 100 megawatts when it begins operations in 1966. It is set to be the world's single largest reactor by output when powered up, a true marvel of Swedish engineering.
Val Verde-, Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
It would be funny if, when Qaddafi comes to power, Sweden decides to help him set up a line of nuclear power facilities.
Yes why? Did I do something wrong?
(ooc: not a news post but an actual RP post)
[list][list]Operation Goldmine Pre-phase Operations
August 15, 1959, 12:00[/list][/list]
[list]The Peruvian government has long looked at Bolivia since the formation of Peru's current government. The Bolivian geology and resources were eyed by Peruvian companies as a potential 'goldmine' of resources. After extensive lobbying behind closed doors, the Peruvian government agreed to Operation Goldmine, a name chosen due to the Peruvian ongoing expansion of gold mining. As part of this operation, the Peruvian government sent spies into Bolivia, sending them to disrupt Bolivian transportation lines, destroy Bolivian landmarks, and kill off a number of the Bolivian leaders and military officers. These spies were not informed of the reasons behind the operations, and if caught, were to declare themselves to be working for the APRA. No one, aside from the Peruvian government, knew that a war would soon begin. Peruvian forces, especially those of native Peruvian tribesmen, prepared for the upcoming conflict. Some noticed the increased purchases of food and logistical supplies by the government from Peruvian companies, but the companies, who were largely promised great influence over post-war Bolivia, kept silent and made great efforts to keep it out of the news.[/list]
[list][list]Bolivia
August 25, 1959, 12:00[/list][/list]
[list]The Peruvian spies made it into Bolivia and began by destroying the critical rail lines west of La Paz. They also began raiding villages and setting fire to them in the middle of the night. Bridges across rivers and streams were also sabotaged, according to plans. Once in La Paz, chaos began. The spies then incorporated themselves among the populace, using fake identities to gain employment in Bolivia. The spies also set up in other areas in Bolivia, but La Paz was the main focus. The spies set up small explosive mines at busy areas within La Paz in order to create disorder and confusion. Some of the spies were to only travel through Bolivia and take note of the locations of villages, cities, and critical infrastructure. They all knew that they were to begin actively targeting Bolivian infrastructure and important persons in early 1960, but were never informed of the exact reason or purpose behind those orders.[/list]
[list][list]Lima, Peru
August 30, 1959, 12:00[/list][/list]
[list]The Peruvian government began issuing war bonds, secretly, to the companies and the upper class in order to increase the funds available for the upcoming war. These war bonds were sold at values of 100 Sol, 500 Sol, 1,000 Sol, 5,000 Sol, and 10,000 Sol per war bond. The government planned on using the funds to pay for munitions, food, logistics supplies, and incentives for the soldiers of the Peruvian military. The Peruvian military began moving large quantities of munitions and military vehicles into the military bases near the Bolivian border. The Peruvian government was planning on throwing a lot of force against Bolivia in the upcoming war. The Peruvian government has already started selling land and resources in Bolivia, in anticipation of the upcoming war, which also produced funds that Peru could put towards the upcoming war effort.[/list]
(ooc: note that the next post should be in early 1960, where the spying results will be discussed and the next phase begins)
Kiger, Teymour
[B]August 30 , 1959
[I]Queen Catherine is considering signing the Treaty of Rome to bring Portugal into a better relationship with western Europe.
The government is considering establishing a railway system that will be called the Lisbon metro , with plans to run it through out the kingdom.
Catherine's new economic plan is being looked at by the council then will be givin to the Imperial parliament in the next few days after the votes it will be given to Catherine for final review
If Catherine decides to sign the Treaty of Rome she will then continue on to meet with other western leaders to continue bringing the kingdom to better terms with the west.
Czabalkia, Teymour
[list][list]
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'I could arrange for the approval of an arms deal between the French Armed Forces and your Majesty's army. Once our meeting has concluded, send a message to the Ministry of National Defense regarding the equipment you seek to procure, and we shall respond with an adequate offer.'[/list]
Zemlyakavkaz
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'Signing the Treaty would bring Portugal into the European Economic Community which, as I'm sure you can image, would begin interlinking the Portuguese economy with the rest of free Europe's. We must be honest in our assessment of the Portuguese economy in the wake of the fall of fascism - the Portuguese economy is very isolated. Portugal would be mandated, with the other E.E.C. states, to reduce tariffs and join a customs union, which would be extremely beneficial to the Portuguese economy. Additionally, it would partake in and be subject to the various European commissions such as the Agricultural Commission, the Transport commission and so on.'[/list]
Prussia Poland
[pre]Year of the Earth Pig
1959 | September[/pre]
武器走私!
Gun-running!
[sub] The recent accession of the Malian Imperial Federation to the SCO has sparked imperialist outrage from the French and their neocolonialist allies, who cannot abide the attempts by a newly-independent Third World nation to make attempts to weaken their influence, and to find for itself its own path to success.
Needless to say, the Peoples Republic of China had from the outset no intent whatsoever of complying with the French Navys blatantly targeted blockade, which would under any reasonable circumstances constitute actio bellum. However, China has no desire or interest in taking the matter to war- this is not to say that it plans to do nothing.
The recent expansion of the Chinese Navy has left it with one of the most powerful forces in Asia aside, of course, from the United States Navy. Chief among these new assets, taking pride of place, are Chinas new submarines, including the Romeo-class diesel-electric vessels and the November-class nuclear powered attack submarines.
A naval flotilla, comprised entirely of submarines (24 Romeo-class and 5 November-class) will proceed at a depth of 325m, thereby evading all but the most potent sonar, and even that only when directly targeted at the submarine, from the port of Qingdao, home of the East Sea Fleet, to a point offshore from the Malian Imperial Federation at a distance of 45km, in an unpopulated area on the Saharan coast, thereby avoiding the French vessels enforcing the blockades at the main ports.
They will then surface in isolated intervals, so as to give the impression of nothing more suspicious than pods of whales or dolphins, and unload their cargo: a cargo of weapons designed to provide the Malian Federation with the means to resist any incursion by the United Nations:
205 120-PM-43 mortars
35 85mm divisional anti-tank guns
15 army surplus M1937 anti-tank guns (disassembled)
15 BM-14 multiple rocket launchers with 200 rockets each
75 B-11 recoilless guns
150 KS-30 anti-air guns
1,100 MON-50 mines
2,300 Ampulomet grenade launchers each with 5 RPG-6 grenades
11,000 Type-59 rifles
500 SG-43 machine guns
The ships will be staffed by a skeleton crew, the bare minimum necessary for helming and defending each submarine, in order to free up more area for this cargo, most of which will be stored in a fairly haphazard manner in sailor cabins and in empty sections of the submarines including in weapons bays, empty crew halls, and so on.
They will rendezvous off the Malian coast with Malian fishermen, and transfer in several such meetings their cargo to their fishing vessels, which will then be moved onshore and disseminated as necessary throughout the Malian Imperial Federation.
[/sub]
Not Xav, Kiger
The Swedish Foreign Ministry on the "Kingdom of Portugal"
The Swedish Foreign Ministry has clarified that the Swedish government will not recognise the new Portuguese state, under the rule of the Queen Catherine, until a free and fair election is held and a democratic constitution is adopted. It urges other European nations to do the same, stating "the acceptance of despotism, whether it manifests itself in the form of a dictatorship or an absolute monarchy, is a grave betrayal of the democratic ideals which Europe managed to save from the jaws of fascism during the Second World War."
Val Verde-
The Swedish delegation to the United Nations calls for the United Nations Security Council to vote for a mandatory arms-and-economic embargo on the Imperial Federation of Mali, to be enforced as long as it continues its illegal occupation of the Republic of Gambia.
Czabalkia (who is also co-RPer of the USA)
and whoever RPs the ROC's government-in-exile
Val Verde-, Czabalkia, Zemlyakavkaz
| The Soviet Union warns it will exercise its ability to veto the proposal if its tabled. |
Not Xav, Kiger, Zemlyakavkaz
Communique from the Swedish Embassy to the government of the Gaia Major
The Swedish government urges the People's Republic of China to refrain from co-operation with the Imperial Federation of Mali, noting its violation of international law and illegal occupation of the Republic of Gambia. The Swedish government continues to support the People's Republic of China's rightful place in the United Nations as the sole representative of the Chinese people and is a proud participant in the growing international movement sympathetic to this cause. However, the Swedish government notes that the Chinese government's open co-operation with Mali may significantly damage its international standing and prove to be a hindrance in garnering international support for the PRC to be admitted into the UN.
Val Verde-, Otsla, Czabalkia, Gaia Major
[list]Heiwa 7
―
September 1959
[sub]中華民国は生きている[/sub]
The Republic of China Lives On[/list]
[sup]東京都、日本[/sup]
TOKYO METROPOLIS, STATE OF JAPAN
| As news arrived that the Generalissimo and President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, had found death at the hands of a rogue tribunal in the illegitimate People's Republic of China, the Kishi government found itself unable to further recognize the Republic of China as the legitimate governing entity of the country. The last few years had already been very difficult for the governing Constitutional-Democratic Party in this matter, as nobody in Japan's public opinion, press, universities or unions believed that it made any sense to stubbornly support a foursome of generals in Thailand as the legitimate heirs of China, when Beijing came in possession of Taiwan, Tibet and Mongolia nearly all at once and now wielded immense economic and military clout in the region. Even within the CDP, there had always been a political current regrouping the so-called "pro-China" members of the party, who were a threat to the far-right conservative faction embodied by the brash Kishi, and before him, the more placid Hatoyama. Chiang's death had been the final straw for the pro-China faction in the governing majority, who now demanded a recognition of Beijing as the legitimate Chinese government, and, maybe, a settlement of old feuds. |
| Nobusuke Kishi, the Premier, would treat them with contempt and rebuff their requests. Japan, a staunch ally of the United States and the democratic world, would continue to recognize the Republic of China, against all odds if it was necessary. But who was to represent it, now that the organization's last remnants were dead? Such absurd decision would not fly well with the increasingly China-friendly public and a ploy of some sort was needed. Chiang Kai-shek, the erstwhile enemy of Japan, had been a good friend in the eyes of Tokyo during the last ten years. He needed to be replaced; he and his sons; he and his friends; he and his generals, until, one day, the People's Republic would collapse onto the weight of its own corruption and the inevitable doom awaiting all socialist nations - At least, in Kishi's worldview. The solution devised by the government would be to find pro-KMT Chinese residents in Japan; there were no lack of Chinese, after all, with their modern presence dated from the 19th century, and a steady stream of students and immigrants had formed Chinatowns in many Japanese cities all through the 20th centuries as well, partly thanks to Japan's involvement in Taiwan and continental China. Their numbers range between 40,000 and 250,000 or perhaps more, with no rounded figure at the moment. Many of those Chinese, although resentful of the Japanese for a variety of reasons, were of more conservative breed than their continental brethren, and a large part, according to the State Security Agency's branch charged with the surveillance of ethnic Chinese, were pro-KMT. For two weeks, the State Security Agency would pick who might be best to represent a rump Chinese government-in-exile within Japan, a process sure to infuriate Beijing, but one that would allow Nobusuke Kishi to keep foreign issues under the rug and keep playing pretend with the electorate. If China remained a threat and some form of alternative existed, it would tremendously help Kishi in passing the anxiously-awaited five-year military plan by the end of the year through a rather rebellious parliament. |
| On September 29, the new Chinese government-in-exile was proclaimed to the world and officially recognized by the government of Japan as the successor of Chiang's ill-fated Kuomintang government in Bangkok. Its President, Li Zongren, who formerly served in the ROC, was the only person of moderate fame and talent in the group. He and a rag-tag band of former Japanese collaborators and low-level ROC members made the bulk of the new "government". Most of its other members are well-known business bosses, association leaders or others persons of influence within the confines of Japanese Chinatowns, dotted across Tokyo, Yokohama and Kobe. However, virtually no Chinese outside of Japan would know them. They had been duly selected by the SSA, some due to their past service in service of Japan, others for their ties to the yakuza, and some in exchange of government aid in financing their operations or granting them special privileges. |
[list]𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐚 (𝐑𝐎𝐂) 𝐆𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭-𝐢𝐧-𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 (𝐓𝐨𝐤𝐲𝐨, 𝐉𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧) | Formed 28 September 1959
[list][*] Li Zongren - Interim President of the Republic (KMT)
[sub]Fmr. Vice President and President of the Republic of China (1948 - 50)[/sub]
[*] Huang Kenmin - Interim Vice President of the Republic (KMT)
[sub]Restaurant owner in the Yokohama Chinatown[/sub]
[*] Cheng Moruo - Interim Premier of the Executive Yuan (KMT)
[sub]Fmr. Vice-President of the Kobe Chinatown Elderly Residents' Association[/sub]
[*] Su Qun - Interim Secretary of the Executive Yuan (KMT)
[sub]Teacher at the Yokohama Overseas Chinese School[/sub]
[*] Huang Nanbeng - Interim Minister of Foreign Affairs (KMT)
[sub]Fmr. Maj. Gen. of the 2nd Brigade of the Japanese-backed Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937 - 40)[/sub]
[*] Ren Yuandao - Interim Minister of National Defense (KMT)
[sub]Fmr. Navy Minister of the Japanese-backed Reorganized National Government of China (1940 - 45)[/sub]
[*] Dong Dehuwai - Interim Minister of the Interior (KMT)
[sub]Storeowner in the Yokohama Chinatown[/sub]
[*] Zhang Duxiu - Interim President of the Legislative Yuan (KMT)
[sub]Amateur Go player from Yokohama[/sub][/list][/list]
| Several branches and offices remain unfulfilled for lack of candidates and actual territory to govern; such is the case of the rest of the Executive Yuan and the Legislative Yuan, as well as the remaining Yuans. The National Assembly of the Republic of China, although with no de facto existence, has been pronounced as de jure "still standing", with its members, whether dead or alive, awarded "indefinite tenure" until fresh elections can be held. Of course, the nonsensical situation of having a hollow government of amateurs, ruling over nothing, did not escape anyone, and the ploy was merely a political tactic. However, Masanobu Tsuji, the de facto head of the State Security Agency, saw an opportunity to recruit a paramilitary force of loyal Chinese citizens for potential "future operations"; upon his command, the SSA would begin a "recruitment drive" targeting (and offering good salaries) to all former ethnic Chinese servicemen or aides who aided Japan during WWII; former Taiwanese who served in the special Taiwanese sections of the Imperial Japanese Army; anti-communist Chinese residing in Japan; as well as former KMT-affiliated soldiers and mercenaries who remain scattered across Asia and the world. |
| Tsuji's plan remains a secret for all but himself, and for now, Kishi's project was finished. In a short "inaugural address" conducted in Mandarin in Tokyo, the "Interim President" of the "Republic of China", Li Zongren, promised that all his "Chinese brothers" would soon be free of the yoke of communist oppression. And that, if the Heavens willed it, the Kuomintang would one day "triumphantly return to liberate China and retake the Nationalist capital in Nanjing". |
| Hope, after all, only ceases to exist when one stops believing. |
Val Verde-, Otsla, Czabalkia, Not Xav, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major
Parliamentary Elections Announced for January 1960:
Following the end of the attempted coup, many assumed elections would be postponed if not ended indefinitely. It has come as some surprise then that as the situation deteriorates for Mali, internationally, that the government has announced elections to be held in January of 1960. The Gambia has also been permitted to vote in these elections. It is expected that Prime Minister Louis Beavogui will represent the new United National Front. His largest competitors will be the Union for the Republic and Democracy (Democratic-Republican) as always the Tuaregs are expected to vote with the Tuareg Autonomous Peoples Party.
Union for the Republic and Democracy
Chairman: Léopold Sédar Senghor
Ethnic Federalism
Rapproachment with the West
Gambian Independence
Social Conservativism
Free Trade
Tuareg Autonomous People's Party:
Chairman: Danguchi Ag Marli
Ethnic Federalism
Minority Rights
Azawad state autonomy
United National Front:
Chairman: Louis Beavogui
Social Progressivism
Economic National Syndicalism
Civic Nationalism
Agrarianism
Later: Environmentalism
Teymour, Gaia Major
The People's Republic of China is cognisant of and recognises the concern of the Swedish government regarding its involvement with the Malian Imperial Federation, and reaffirms its friendly ties with Sweden and appreciation of its recognition of the PRC as the legitimate government of China. However, inasmuch as the West has deemed Mali's actions in violation of international law, China will continue to maintain its treaty alliance with the Federation; the Chinese government deems Mali's occupation of the former Gambia as an internal matter and does not see fit to suspend its aid to a loyal ally for it.
Kiger
[B]Kingdom of Portugal foreign Ministry
[I]The government of Sweden don't have to recognize Our Queen based on saying no democratic elections when they are wrong yes we have a Queen but parliament is the one the is elected democratically so yes the kingdom does old elections and Catherine is planning on working on a constitution, but she is in the process of having the kingdom sign the Treaty of Rome Sweden dont want anything to do with a monarch when they have one that's No hurt feelings to Portugal.
[B]Queen Catherine
[I]Well all that sounds good Mr.President I think its a great idea my goal is to open up Portugal we are not a facist or despotism state , people misunderand we are planning on working on a constitution we have elections for are parliament,
So yes all of what you stated would be great one thing though Sweden what about them.they refuse to acknowledge us since im.a monarch.
Czabalkia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
Premier and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai extends a diplomatic invitation to the Queen of Portugal to discuss the situation in the Portuguese settlements of Macau and their fate with respect to the People's Republic.
At the request of the Malian Imperial Federation, their Prime Minister is also asked to be present at this summit to discuss Portuguese colonies in Guinea.
Grand Indochina, Prussia Poland
Post self-deleted by Gaia Major.
1959
Prime Minister Louis Beavogui Flies to China
Seeing as China has become invested in talks with the Kingdom of Portugal, the Malian Imperial Federation has attended talks to resolve any tensions over Guinea-Bissau.
Grand Indochina
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'I cannot speak for them since I am just the President of France. However, Portugal joining the European Economic Community would provide great incentive for Sweden to recognize the legitimacy of your government.'[/list]
Prussia Poland
[B]Kingdom Of Portugal Ministry of Foreign Affairs
[I]The Queen will be on her way to the summit to discuss the topics Macau and Guinea , the queen hopes to better relations with both nations at this summit .
The summit will show the Portugal is willing to negotiate with China and the federation and also a willingness to make relations with both as well.
Gaia Major
[B]Queen Catherine
[I]I will gladly join the European Economic Community, I believe it will be good for the kingdom to join the community.
The kingdom hopes this will benefit everyone and will bring the kingdom closer together and have better relations with everyone.
Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Gaia Major
ວາງກັບສັດຕູ! IN BED WITH THE ENEMY![/B]
[sub]September 1959 | Vientiane, Kingdom of Laos[/sub]
[I]Bouncing off of the official French response to the West Africa situation, the sovereign and independent Royaume du Laos declares it's formal condemnation of the political, diplomatic, and military aggressions enacted by and besieging the people's of Mali and the rest of former French West Africa alike. The recent political trends in the seat of power within the so-called, and outright illegitimate, "Imperial Federation" have seen the country shift sharply from an active partner of the French Empire and a growing legacy of former-colonial governments, now to an open-armed proponent of Chairman Mao Zedong's ill-fated theories and rhetoric. Premier not the Lao Kingdom, Phoui Sananikone, addressed the fellow former colonial state in a hard-worded declaration of condemnation of the "Imperial Federation of Mali", transcribed in French for mutual linguistic familiarity.
[B] Premier of the Lao Kingdom, Phoui Sananikone:
"Au Premier ministre Louis Beavogui de la Fédération impériale du Mali,
[List]À un moment de l'histoire, nos deux peuples, bien qu'ils existent et se développent sur des continents séparés, bien que liés par les mêmes frontières coloniales et la même langue. Malgré les transgressions du colonialisme dans l'histoire de l'humanité, il n'y a rien de plus que de l'aide et des opportunités offertes par nos anciens mentors coloniaux. La France et les États-Unis sont venus rapidement au secours du Royaume en ces temps difficiles et turbulents, alimentés presque exclusivement par les efforts incessants de Moscou et de Pékin pour maximiser l'instabilité dans l'hémisphère oriental afin de provoquer le soi-disant, prolongé guerre populaire. Là où les gouvernements coloniaux tentent de réparer les craintes de l'histoire et d'armer le peuple contre la menace rouge envahissante, toujours vigilants en attendant le moindre tremblement de stabilité pour aboutir à l'absolution. La machine de propagande rouge unie à travers les capitales dans son engagement à la tromperie, comme les tentacules d'un céphalopode géant étendant sa portée à travers le monde. Il est extrêmement regrettable que vous et vos compatriotes ayez succombé à la peste, après avoir invité les Chinois dans votre capitale de bonne humeur et de bonne foi, comme partenaires, comme amis, apparemment. Pourtant, l'armée de l'air de l'Armée populaire de libération continue de mener des frappes à nos frontières pour soutenir une force communiste envahissante qui menace la vie de milliers de personnes en extorquant et en soumettant les populations locales à la conscription forcée dans leurs rangs, en payant des impôts `` révolutionnaires '', entre autres transgressions contre Citoyens laotiens à l'intérieur des frontières laotiennes. Par vos actions, il est évident que vous soutenez les ambitions des bellicistes à Pékin, une position répréhensible qui juge la sanction et la condamnation du Royaume de Sa Majesté."[/list]
"To Prime Minister Louis Beavogui of the Imperial Federation of Mali,
[List]At one time in history, both of our people's, despite existing and developing on seperate continents, bonded by the same colonial borders and language. Despite the transgressions of colonialism in human history, there is nothing more than aid and opportunity offered by our former colonial mentors. France and the United States have come swiftly to the aid of the Kingdom during these trying and turbulent times, almost exclusively fueled by incessant endeavors of the Moscow and Beijing to maximize instability in the Eastern Hemisphere in order to provoke the so-called, 'protracted people's war'. Where colonial governments attempt to make amends for history's misgivings and arm the people against the encroaching red menace, they stand ever vigilant awaiting the slightest tremble in stability to take to absolution. The Red propaganda machine united across capital cities in it's commitment to deceit, like the tentacles of a giant cephalopod extending it's reach across the globe. It is vastly unfortunate that you and your countrymen have succumbed to the plague, having invited the Chinese to your capital in good spirits and good faith, as partners, as friends, seemingly. Yet, the People's Liberation Army Air Force continue conducting strikes in our borders in support of an invading Communist force that threaten the lives of thousands by extorting and subjugating local populations into forced conscription into their ranks, paying 'revolutionary' taxes, among other transgressions against Laotian citizens within Laotian borders. By your actions, it is evident you support the ambitions of the warmongers in Beijing, a reprehensible position that deems the sanction and condemnation from His Majesty's Kingdom."[/list]
Grand Indochina, Czabalkia, Kiger, Teymour, Gaia Major, Zemlyakavkaz
[list]CHARLES DE GAULLE, President of the French Union: 'This is most excellent news.'[/list]
Grand Indochina, Prussia Poland
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing, China
ZHOU ENLAI: Thank you for agreeing to meet with me, your Majesty. As you are no doubt aware, there are several matters that China is keen to discuss, chief of which is of course the extension of diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic, as well as the negotiation of a celeritous handover of the Portuguese settlements in Macau.
In addition, the representatives of the Malian Imperial Federation have requested to meet with you regarding matters such as the fate of the Portuguese settlement in Macau. On that note, China is also eager to open up dialogue with Portugal and invest in its rapidly-opening economy as a partner for the PRC in Europe.
Shall we begin?
Grand Indochina, Teymour, Prussia Poland
In accordance with the government's 1958 defence bill, where the Swedish navy is set to change from a "heavy water" navy to that of a "light water" one, plans for a new class of ships have been drawn up and are set to begin construction. Designated 'robotbåt', literally 'robot boat(s)', a total of 18 weighing no more than 250 tons fully loaded and armed with four 'Robot 08' anti-ship missiles are set to be built. These missiles are a development of the 'Robot 04' air-to-surface missiles initially designed for the Swedish Air Force and will have a range of approximately 35 kilometres. However, these missiles are not expected to begin production until late into 1960, thereby delaying the official entry of these ships into service to atleast 1961. These ships will be also be armed with a Bofors 57mm dual-purpose cannon and two 7.62x51mm NATO machine guns, meant as self-protection against other similar-sized vessels and low-flying aircraft. The defence ministry has named this class of ships 'Norrköping', after the city located in Östergötland.
https://i.imgur.com/szG4uQI.png
Val Verde-, Teymour, Gaia Major
[B]Queen Catherine
[I]Well Mr president i will sign this document and then I will send a invite You to a state dinner at the palace to confirm Portugal friendship.
[B]Queen Catherine
[I] Well first off its. Pleasure to be invited here to the great city of Beijing, I will say you have a beautiful city , and yes I am aware there are several matters china wishes to discuss as does the Milan delegates wish to discuss as well.
I would like you both to know that I am willing to cooperate with both Milian and China and hope also that China and Milian will become allies and good friends with us in Portugal as well.
ຄວາມຕາຍຂອງຜູ້ຮັກຊາດ! THE DEATH OF A PATRIOT! [/B]
[sub]30 October 1959 | Kingdom of Laos[/sub]
[I]His Royal Majesty, King Sisavang Phoulivong, officially passed away through the night in his Luang Prabang Palace at the age of 74, bringing about an end to a 55-year reign, the longest serving monarchal reign in modern times. Having presided over a united Laos for the first time ever in over 250 years, Sisavang Phoulivong ensured his legacy would live on by hand-selecting his eldest son, Crown Prince Savang Vatthana, aged 52, as his regent almost a month earlier when Sisavang's health began it's decline. However, Savang Vatthana has handled royal affairs for many years already, marking Laos as one of the few monarchies left in the world where a king and royal family has direct role in government. King Sisavang began his reign in 1905 within an era far removed from the "world power" geopolitics facing his son. He was crowned king of Luang Prabang, one of the small kingdoms comprising Laos at the time and became King of the united country after the end of Japanese Occupation during World War II.
King Phoulivong died reportedly from complications from rheumatism, a neck tumor, and a heart condition, leaving his son well-prepared for government during a time when his kingdom is fighting an active war fanned and backed by foreign Communists. One of his first measures as his father's regent was the nomination of Phoui Sananikone for Premier. Phoui was subsequently elected despite his party being severely outnumbered by opposition and thus far has proved to be one of the Kingdom's strongest Premiers in face of expanding Communist virulence. Through this, Savang faces larger issues than crushing the rebellion, he is the only person empowered to call a National Congress in the country to amend the Constitution with the intention of extending Premier Sananikone's term on the understandable fears that holding elections now could result in large gains for the Communists.
In light of this, Laotian leadership is wary of altering or suspending the Constitution, believing the rebels will make political capital of the move. As it stands, the political stability in Vientiane, and the rest of the Kingdom for that matter, is considered vastly fragile, with all sides equally seeking a permanent solution to headache of military and political warfare befalling the Kingdom.
[spoiler=LAOS AND THE STRUGGLE AGAINST COMMUNISM!]
Lux Lumen[/spoiler]
Arcanda, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Gaia Major, Prussia Poland, Zemlyakavkaz
[ [I]King Idris expresses his condolences in a telegram sent to the Luang Prabang Palace[/I] ]
Val Verde-
https://www.nationstates.net/nation=prussia_poland/detail=factbook/id=1498092
Teymour
I suppose I may as well start. My dear Queen, we in the Malian State wish to inquire about the possession of Guinea Bissau, that state, and its future are of vital importance to Mali. We were wishing to discuss a possible transfer of payment in order to have Mali acquire Guinea-Bissau.
Teymour, Prussia Poland
[pre]Year of the Earth Pig
October | 1959[/pre]
人民共和国的十年
Ten Years of the Peoples Republic
October 1959 dawns on a China unrecognisable as the same nation driven into the dirt by decades of war, strife and misrule.
The new China is a prosperous, stable, and successful state, one that has reclaimed for the first time since the 1800s Chinas status as one of the worlds great powers, its recovery from years of war complete.
All around the nation, the difference in standards of living is more prominent with each passing day. Where once the illiterate farmers toiled endlessly in the rice fields of Henan, with machinery no more complex than a simple plough, now prosperous, well-fed farmers use state-owned harvesters, planters and threshers, and produce more, eat more, and have more time for leisure than ever before. In the China of 1959, the famines of the 30s and 40s seem a faraway, distant memory, with the breadbaskets of Mongolia and Southern China feeding an ever-larger, ever-wealthier Chinese population, with 15 million more proud Chinese being born every year.
The regressive superstition and religion that marked the decline of the Middle Kingdom through the 1800s and early 1900s have largely become things of the past, with the New Education Policy leaving Chinese citizens and Chinese scholars among the best in the world in all available disciplines. The primitive traditions and superstition of the Nationalist years have been replaced by rationalism, a belief in logical thought, and an unwavering commitment to Communism and to the party. Confucianism and its related beliefs have become the platform for the Party in rural areas, combining traditional Chinese wisdom with the progressive thought of the Party, and creating a population that is finally seeing the nation China has the potential to be: powerful, self-respecting, and feared.
Industrial production in the year 1959 is vast, with the Peoples Republic of China forecasted to be regaining its stature as the worlds second or third-largest industrial power within 15 years; already, one of the largest in Asia, second, and only in some regards, to the Japanese who not so long ago plundered China of its wealth. The Five Year Plans and the Great Leap Forward are transforming China from an agricultural backwater into an industrial superpower, and Chinas mighty ally the Soviet Union is assisting in what is nothing short of a second Industrial Revolution, lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty and creating not just a new China, but a new sense of dignity and honour within the Chinese people, who since the 19th Century have known little but rapine, pillage and dishonour brought upon them by the imperialist powers- or perhaps not a new one, but merely the gradual restoration of the natural order of things: a world where China is a nation and force to be reckoned with, not carved up at the pleasure of imperialist aggressors.
This New China having endured and established itself over the course of 10 years, from the proclamation of the Peoples Republic in October 1949, to the annexation of Tibet in 1950, the fighting of the worlds Western powers to a standstill in Korea, the annexation of Mongolia in 1951 and the rapid, drastic economic growth and industrialisation since, appears to have gone from strength to strength over the course of its brief existence.
In order to celebrate the successful completion of ten years under the glorious Communist regime, the CCP Standing Committee advocated for a massive parade and festivities in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, with prominent international leaders from nations considered to be friendly to the Peoples Republic being invited to witness the 3 days of festivities (Teujira, Stahlrahm, 2Nd New England Commonwealth, Kiger, Boikostan, and Miwok-).
Over three days, the entire military might of the Peoples Republic was brought to bear in the square, with Type 66 MBTs (derived from the Soviet Object 430) marching alongside a complement of 10,000 PLA parade troops to jubilant cheers and applause from the throngs of Beijing residents, who have crowded on either side of the cordoned-off roadway.
PLAAF jets and helicopters scream across the grey sky overhead, with the MiG 21s emblazoning the grey North Chinese sky with the red and gold of the Chinese flag, even as the newest and most impressive aircraft in the Chinese arsenal were yet to make an appearance.
Then, from over the horizon, the scream of a turbofan became evident as a pair of white jets streaked across the horizon at supersonic speeds, while escorting the new supersonic strategic bomber, the Shenyang B-22 which is slated to be one of the primary delivery mechanisms of Chinas new nuclear bomb, being developed under Project Red Thunder.
On the ground, the 1st Infantry Division of the PLA and its Type 66 tanks as well as BTR-60 APCs rolled menacingly down the roadway, a potent statement that the Peoples Republic would not so easily cave to imperialist pressures than its predecessors.
With the world leaders then being invited into the Forbidden City for a stirring rendition of March of the Volunteers as well as the commencement of informal diplomatic talks, one thing was clear: there was a new, powerful state in the East.
To Chinas allies, certainly this is a statement of reassurance. To its enemies, it would be hard to misconstrue it as anything but a warning.
Arcanda, Val Verde-, Otsla, Grand Indochina, Kiger, Zanbala Prz, Teymour, Zemlyakavkaz
Thank you, your Majesty, we appreciate your kind words about our city.
The People's Republic of China is eager to begin diplomatic talks, and we urge you effective immediately to extend official recognition to the PRC in lieu of the illegitimate Republic of China. In addition, we are cognisant of your Majesty's government's enlightened efforts to decolonise the Portuguese Empire, in light of which, we would like to negotiate a purchase of the settlements of Macau with immediate handover.
China sees in Portugal one of the few nations in the West which has accepted and indeed embraced the political realities of China, and as a nation that seeks to strengthen and reward lucratively those who deal with it fairly, I am confident that China too will do all in its power to ensure that this meeting is the beginning of a long and fruitful relationship between our two powers.
Grand Indochina, Prussia Poland
Post self-deleted by Kiger.
Assembled with Dot's Region Saver.
Written by Refuge Isle.